SUMMARY V

Danan Rizki Pranata

101511123056

AJ – 1A

A. Definition of Management

Etymology, management come from Latin/Italia “manus”,”mano” that has mean as

“hand” and “agere” mean “to act” and “maneggiare”mean “handle, especially tools”. The

france ancient “ménagement” who has the meaning of art perform and manage. “Manege” mean

for horsekeeping

Management is a systematic process, including : planning, organizing ,staffing, leading,

controlling and coordinating resources efficiently and effectively for achieving organizational

goals.

B. Level Manager of Management

Level manager of management is classified in a hierarchy of authority, and perform

different tasks. They are interrelated each others to take a role base on their own level for

achieving organization goals.

1. Top Level Manager

These managers are responsible for controlling and overseing the entire organization.

They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the

direction of the business.

2. Middle Level Manager

They are accountable to the top management for their department's function. Middle-

level managers devote more time to organizational and directional functions than top-

level managers

3. Front Line Manager

Supervisors, section leads, and foremen are examples of low-level management titles.

These managers focus on controlling and directing.

C. Study Area of Management

1. Human Resource Development

Human Resource Management is an area of process in organization to put

people strengths to work. Human resources management is closely linked

to organizational management

2. Financial Management

Financial management is Economics and finance contains

terms, management methods, various analytical techniques, financial indicators

and standards, whose subject are the financial management in an enterprise or

organization

3. Inventory Management

Inventory management is an activities employed in maintaining the

optimum number or amount of each inventory item to avoid an excesses

inventory, so it can create an effective and efficient management

4. Marketing Management
 Marketing management is about identifying and meeting human and social

needs. It can happen when, at least one part to a potential exchange, thinks about

the means of achieving desired responses from other parties

D. Administrative Management Theory (Classical Organization Theory)

Max Weber and Henri Fayol outlined principles of bureaucracy and administration

that are as relevant to managers today as they were developed at the turn at 20th century.

Much of modern managements research reflines these principles to suit contemporary

conditions. For example, the increasing interest in the use of cross-departmental terms and

the empowerment of workers are issues that managers also faced a century ago. The

advantages of classical management is separation of the main fields of practice managers, so

until now it is still acceptable to the managers of the practitioner (practice). The weakness of

classical management is in a complex modern organizations such as now, the classical

management was considered too general. In modern management, sometimes rather vague

lines of authority. currently technicians sometimes can get orders from the manager of the

factory (boss of bosses technician (foreman). This makes the contradiction between the

principle of division of labor and unity of command.

E. Management Science Theory

The various branches of management science theory provide rigorous quantitative

techniques that give managers more control over each organization’s use of resources to

produce goods and services

F. Organizational Environment Theory

The importance of studying the organization’s external environment become clear

after the development of open-system theory and contingency theory during 1960s. A main
 focus of contemporary management research is to find methods to help managers improve

the ways they utilize organizational resources and compete succesfully in the global

environment. Strategic management and total quality management are two important

approaches intended to help managers make better use of organizational resources.

G. Method and Scope of Management

Operational Management may be viewing things from a single side (internally) and

strategic management is a holistic view of things (both internally and externally) as way of

coming up with actions that will improve organizational performance and conformance in

order to achieve the set goals. Strategic Management is the art and science of preparation,

implementation, and evaluating cross-decisions, strategic management focuses on the process

of determination of the objectives of the organization, the development policy and planning

in order to achieve the targets, as well as allocate resources to implement policy and plan for

goal achievement. There are three stages in strategic management, namely, the formulation

of strategies, implementation strategies, and evaluation strategy.

H. Basic skill in level of manager

Robert L Katz and Fayol identified 3 point of basic skill of manager :

1. Technical

Technical is a human Skill use to procedure, technical and knowledge of specific sector.

Technical skill very importance to front-line manager cause front-line manager focus on

controlling and directing employee as directly.

2. Humanity
 Human skill to work in team, understanding, and motivate other as individual or team.

Humanity skill importance for all level of manager, but its more importance for middle

manager.

3. Conceptual

Human skill to coordinate and integrate entire organization activity. Its more importance

for top manager cause they accountable