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SUMMARY

ABSTRACT
This summary presents a comparative study of Booting process and features of three popular
operating systems. Booting process is the essential and first step perform by the OS after this
process execution, all other processes can get the chance to execute , so we may say that
booting is the first process because of which all other OS processes can execute. A primary aim
of an operating system is to share a computer installation among many programs.
Time to time it product some various feature which makes their corresponding operating
system unique.
 There is some key words Booting, Operating system, BIOS, Kernel, Rooting, BootROM

INTRODUCTION
Booting (or booting up) is the initialization of a computerized system. The booting process
can be hard.
For example, after electrical power to the CPU is switched from off to on or soft when those
power-on self-tests can be avoided. Booting is complete when the normal, operative, runtime
environment is attained.
Operating system is the software that control the computer function input and output and also
control hardware and software. It is the important part of the system software in the computer
system they control all work of the system. Without of the operating system the system is
nothing they run all application program in computer.
In today’s world there are a lot of operating system which is used they are coming below.

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CLASSIFICATION
 MOST COMMON USED OPEARTING SYSTEM IN NOW A DAYS IS :

I) MAC OPERATING SYSTEM

The Macintosh operating system made by Apple Company only for apple phone to control
only the apple application and function. It is the current series of Unix-based graphical
operating systems. The Apple Macintosh system is a little older than Windows, having first been
released in 1984. From the start, it was an entirely graphical operating system, and from quite
an early stage became popular among the earliest computer graphic designers. In 2005, Apple
changed the design and structure of Mac OS, moving from the IBM-made PowerPC CPU
architecture.

II) WINDOWS

Window is the first operating system which made by the Microsoft company. The
first Windows system was released in 1985. Originally, it was just a graphical user
interface on top of MS-DOS. Windows 95 was a huge departure from the previous
systems and was the first major step in Window’s transition from GUI to operating
system.

III) LINUX

Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free
and open-source software development and distribution. It is the project of Finnish
university student Linus Torvalds. He was unsatisfied with an existing Unix-like
academic operating system – with limited licensing – named MINIX, and decided he
could do better. The Linux kernel was first released independently in 1991. Linux is

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available in many forms to suit many needs, from consumer-oriented systems for
home use to distributions for use in specific industries.

 BOOTING
It is the first process of your computer to start on or switch on. Booting is the initial set of
operations that a computer system performs when electrical power to the CPU is switched on.
 BOOTING CONSIST FOUR MAIN STEPS:

 Start the system or to switch on the system.

 It load the initial instruction to the ROM memory.
 Detect the operating system in hard disk.
 Start the certain essential computer application.

 BOOTING IN WINDOWS
The booting process in windows is very easy just like its user friendly features.
 There are four basic steps are there in Windows operating system while booting.
 The first process starting when you turn on your computer is BIOS( basic input
output system)
 The second Power on Self-Test which is initially inventory step and very critical step.
 The operating system loads the small system software called KERNEL into main
memory.
 Finding NTLDR (NT Loader) who will load the partitions in the computer system and
try to identifying other partition.

In same step boot.inf file check the partitions. Other important booting
support file like win.sys, NTOSKERNEL.exe etc. Installed for which the application
oriented environment has to get implemented.

 BOOTING IN MAC

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One of the most unique feature of the Mac operating system booting process
is it does not support the BIOS instead of having the BIOS it support the firmware
utility call BootROM When the power to a Macintosh computer is turned on, the
BootROM firmware is activated.

 BootROM work on two function for Mac system

 First is POST (Power-On Self-Test), where it initializes hardware interfaces and

verifies the sufficient availability of the memory.
 And the second is to choose the one that was last selected by the Startup Disk
System Preference process.

After that, the supporting and the system software who also have equal
importance in the operating system for make operating system workable is replaced
by "launched”. "Launched" is now the root system process.

 BOOTING IN LINUX

Linux is quite different than windows except the BIOS and MBR features
includes four basic steps starting booting. Different activity occur in MBR, where it
may stores in somewhere else like floppy, bootable Compact disk (CD), or flash
drive. The initial loading file is initrd (Initial RAM-DISK) which take care to create the
ram disk initialization for the keep ready the RAM disk for the loading the operating
system from the sources. The initial loading file is initrd (Initial RAM-DISK) which
take care to create the ram disk initialization for the keep ready the RAM disk for the
loading the operating system from the sources.

 BOOTING PROCESS IN OPERATING SYSTEMS

Every operating system have to initially do the booting and every OS providing
different feature of each other’s. However, there is some distinguishing in every
perspective.

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 FEATURE
Every operating system have to initially do the booting and every OS providing
different feature of each other’s. However, there is some distinguishing in every
perspective.

 FEATURES OF MAC OS

Apple released 14 version of Mac OS so far & their latest version is MacOS Sierra.
Here are some features of those OS are described.

1) SECURITY

Mac OS is a two-layered system: the” attractive GUI” sits on a UNIX core, and
UNIX is best-known for its security features. It's simply impossible to install a
destructive Trojan or virus unless the user explicitly allows it root access via typing in
the admin password.

2) RELIABILITY

Macantosh is the one reliable os in the world. It is stable and work very
trustedly.

3) EASE OF USE

Apple's known for hiring the best industrial and interface designers around,
and it shows in the intuitive nature of the GUI. It is friendly user any one can use it
easily.

4) INTEGRATION WITH APPLE AND OTHER PRODUCTS

Mac OS will automatically recognize and work with any other Apple product,
such as iPhone, Cinema Display, and iPad.

5) MULTITASKING
Multitasking is another notable advantage of MacOS. Mac computers have
hardware specifications designed for multitasking.

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6) USER FRIENDLY
It is friendly use anyone use it easily.

7) GAMES
It is very powerful in gaming nor hang no heat up very good performance not
lagging in game. In gaming time or any processing we plug and do his task so easily.

8) FILE MANAGEMENT

Windows manage files automatically into a specific location based on the

type of the file. E.g., images are automatically sent in “Pictures folder”.

 FEATURES OF LINUX OS

There are some main features of Linux operating system.

1) OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

It is open source software anyone can change it according to his needs

2) FREE SOFTWARE

It is free software anyone can download it at any time they want.

3) WIDE RANGE OF HARDWARE

There is no specific requirement for the installer user.

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4) SECURITY
There are lesser number of viruses in Linux as compared to windows because
Linux is an open source OS.

 CONCLUSIONS
In this summary we discussed about booting process with respect to the different
operating system scenario such as windows, Linux and Mac operating system. And also
discussed about the features of the operating systems.

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