THE DERIVATIVE

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DEFINITION

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 Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential
Functions

In this section we learn how to differentiate constant

functions, power functions, polynomials, and
exponential functions.

Let’s start with the simplest

of all functions, the constant
function f(x) = c.

The graph of this function is

the horizontal line y = c,
which has slope 0, so we
must have f '(x) = 0.
(See Figure 1.)
The graph of f(x) = c is the
line y = c, so f (x) = 0.
Figure 1

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Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential Functions

A formal proof, from the definition of a derivative, is also

easy:

In Leibniz notation, we write this rule as follows.

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Power Functions

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Power Functions

We have already investigated the cases n = 2 and n = 3.

We found that

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Example 1
(a) If f(x) = x6, then f(x) = 6x5.

(b) If y = x1000, then y= 1000x999.

(c) If y = t 4, then = 4t 3.

(d) = 3r 2

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Power Functions

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 Derivatives
The next rule tells us that the derivative of a sum of
functions is the sum of the derivatives.

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MORE EXAMPLES

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MORE EXAMPLES

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Exponential Functions

Thus the exponential function f(x) = ex has the property that

it is its own derivative.
If f(x) = ex – x, find f and f. Compare the graphs of f and f.
Solution:
Using the Difference Rule, we have

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Examples

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 The Product and Quotient
3.2
Rules

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The Product Rule

In words, the Product Rule says that the derivative of a

product of two functions is the first function times the
derivative of the second function plus the second function
times the derivative of the first function.
If f(x) = xex, find f(x).
Solution:
By the Product Rule, we have

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Examples

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The Quotient Rule

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Example 4
Let Then

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SUMMARY FORMULAE

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HOMEWORK: QUIZ GRADE

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 Derivatives of Logarithmic
3.6
Functions

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Derivatives Of Logarithm Functions

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Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Differentiate y = x2 sin x.
Solution:

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Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

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Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The derivatives of the remaining four are given in the

following table.

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Example 5
Differentiate

(a)

(b) f(x) = x arctan

Solution:
(a)

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Example 5 – Solution cont’d

(b)

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HOMEWORK: Find the derivative of
teh following functions.

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3.4 The Chain Rule

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The Chain Rule
Suppose you are asked to differentiate the function

The differentiation formulas you learned in the previous

sections of this chapter do not enable you to calculate F(x).

Observe that F is a composite function. In fact, if we let

y = f (u) = and let u = g(x) = x2 + 1, then we can write
y = F(x) = f(g(x)), that is, F = f  g.

We know how to differentiate both f and g, so it would be

useful to have a rule that tells us how to find the derivative
of F = f  g in terms of the derivatives of f and g.
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The Chain Rule
It turns out that the derivative of the composite function f  g
is the product of the derivatives of f and g. This fact is one
of the most important of the differentiation rules and is
called the Chain Rule.

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The Chain Rule

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The Chain Rule

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HOMEWORK EXERCISES.
QUIZ GRADE

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