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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO

AÑO XIX, BOGOTÁ, 2013, PP. 489 509, ISSN 2346 0849

Claudio Nash Rojas (Chile)*

Control de convencionalidad. Precisiones


conceptuales y desafíos a la luz de la jurisprudencia
de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
RESUMEN
El presente artículo desarrolla el concepto y alcance de la figura del control de
conven-cionalidad a la luz del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. En
particular, se hace un análisis contextual y conceptual de la figura a través de la
evolución de la juris-prudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, con
el objetivo de señalar que dicho control no es más que la concreción jurisdiccional de
la obligación de garantía de los derechos humanos en el ámbito interno.

Palabras clave: derechos humanos, derecho y jurisprudencia, Corte


Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, derecho internacional de los
derechos humanos, control de con-vencionalidad.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit dem Konzept und der Reichweite der Figur der
Überprüfung der völkerrechtlichen Vertragskonformität im Hinblick auf das Internationa-le
Recht der Menschrechte. Insbesondere werden Inhalt und Kontext dieser Rechtsfigur
anhand der Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung des Interamerikanischen Gerichtshofs für
Menschenrechte analysiert. Damit soll die These begründet werden, dass diese Über-
prüfung nichts anderes ist als die richterrechtliche Konkretisierung der Verpflichtung, die
Menschenrechte im innerstaatlichen Rahmen zu garantieren.

Schlagwörter: Menschenrechte, Recht und Rechtsprechung, Interamerikanischer


Ge-richtshof für Menschenrechte, Internationales Recht der Menschenrechte,
Prüfung der Vereinbarkeit nationalen Rechts mit internationalen Verträgen.

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490 CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD. PRECISIONES CONCEPTUALESY DESAFÍOS A LA LUZ… / CLAUDIO NASH ROJAS

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the concept and scope of conventionality control in the light
of International Human Rights Law. Specifically, it provides a contextual and
conceptual analysis using the evolution of the Inter-American Court of Human
Rights’ case law, to show that this type of control is simply the judicial mechanism
for complying with the duty to guarantee human rights within the country.

Keywords:Human rights, Law and case law, Inter-American Court of Human


Rights, Inter-national Human Rights Law, Conventionality control.

1. Introducción
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24
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8. Dificultades en la aplicación del control de


convencionalidad en el derecho interno

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UBM DPNP MP IB EJTQVFTUP MB $PSUF

26
RVF FM DPOUSPM EF
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25
$PSUF *%) Caso Trabajadores cesados del Congreso vs. Perú, ŞŠ EF OPWJFNCSF EF ŞŜŜŢ
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QÈSSBGP ŞŞš Vélez Loor vs. Panamá, Şş OPWJFNCSF EF ŞŜŝŜ
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26
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Z MB PCMJHBDJØO EFM QPEFS MFHJTMBUJWP EF TVQFSBS BOUJOPNJBT HSBWFT FOUSF MB MFHJTMBDJØO JOUFSOB Z MPT

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EF MB $PSUF QBSFDF TFS RVF DPOGPSNF BM KVJDJP EF DPOWFODJPOBMJEBE

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EFM DPOUSPM EF DPOWFODJPOBMJEBE FO FM


506 CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD. PRECISIONES CONCEPTUALESY DESAFÍOS A LA LUZ… / CLAUDIO NASH ROJAS

ÈNCJUP JOUFSOP EF MPT &TUBEPT¤ -B QFMJHSPTJEBE SBEJDB FO RVF MB VUJMJ[BDJØO EF FT


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9. Conclusión

5SBT FM BOÈMJTJT DPOUFYUVBM

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FO SFTQPOTBCJMJEBE JOUFSOBDJPOBM¤ &TUP TF SFBMJ[B NFEJBOUF MB JODPSQPSBDJØO EF FTUÈO


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BVORVF OP EF NBOFSB FYDMVTJWB

FO MB MBCPS KVSJTEJDDJPOBM¤ &TUF FKFSDJDJP TF CBTB FO MB DPOTJEFSBDJØO EF RVF FM

DPOUSPM EF DPOWFODJPOBMJEBE TÓ UJFOF VO TVTUSBUP KVSÓEJDP

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EF MPT &TUBEPT¤ &O FTUF DPOUFYUP

FT DMBSP B FTUBT BMUVSBT RVF FM DPOUSPM EF DPOWFODJPOB


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Bibliografía
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(SFHPS Z .BSJFMB

.PSBMFT "OUPOJB[[J DPPSET¤ La justicia constitucional y su internacionalización. ¿Hacia un ‘Ius Constitutionale Commune’ en

América Latina? U **

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Jurisprudencia

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_____ Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs. Chile
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_____ Caso De la masacre de Las Dos Erres vs. Guatemala ŞŜŜť
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_____ Caso Myrna Mack Chang vs. Guatemala


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_____ Caso Velásquez Rodríguez vs. Honduras


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_____ Caso Vélez Loor vs. Panamá
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Fuentes

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