ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SECTIONS WITH TENSION AND COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT

(b-bw)/2 (b-bw)/2
bw
As’fs’ As’fs’

hf d' 0.85fc’(b-bw)hf
a 0.85fc’(b-bw)hf

0.85fc’abw 0.85fc’abw

dp

d
= +
h

Apsfps Apwfps (Aps-Apw)fps

Asfs Asfs

Limits of Reinforcement (Reinforcement Index, r.i.)

𝑓𝑝𝑠 𝑑 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑝𝑤
𝑟. 𝑖. = 𝜌𝑝𝑤 ( ) + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′) ≤ 0.36𝛽1 where 𝜌𝑝𝑤 = ( )
𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝
or
𝑎
𝑖𝑓 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) > 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽12 ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒
2

𝑎
𝑖𝑓 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) < 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽12 ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒
2

𝑎
𝑖𝑓 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) = 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽12 ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2

Nominal Moment Capacity, Mn

If Tension Failure (r.i.≤0.36β1)

𝑎 ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑𝑝 − 𝑑′ ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑𝑝)
2 2
𝑎 𝑎 ℎ𝑓 𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 0.85𝑓𝑐 (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 ( − ) + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ ( − 𝑑′ ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − )
′
2 2 2 2 2
ℎ𝑓 ′
𝑎 ℎ𝑓 ′ ′
ℎ𝑓 ′
ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 (𝑑𝑝 − ) − 0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 ( − ) + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 ( − 𝑑 ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − )
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎 ℎ𝑓 ′ ′
ℎ𝑓 ′
ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑝𝑤𝑓𝑝𝑠 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + (𝐴𝑝𝑠 − 𝐴𝑝𝑤)𝑓𝑝𝑠 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 ( − 𝑑 ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − )
2 2 2 2

For a,
∑ 𝐹ℎ = 0 : 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠

If Compression Failure (r.i.>0.36β1)

ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽1 2 ) + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑𝑝 − 𝑑′ ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑𝑝)
2
PROBLEM:

(b-bw)/2 (b-bw)/2
bw
As’fs’ As’fs’

hf d' 0.85fc’(b-bw)hf
a 0.85fc’(b-bw)hf

0.85fc’abw 0.85fc’abw

dp

d
= +
h

Apsfps Apwfps (Aps-Apw)fps

Asfs Asfs

Given:
A pre-tensioned T-beam with constant eccentricity: b=1525mm, bw=400mm, h=825mm, d=760, dp=705mm,
d’=65mm, hf=115mm, fpe=1000 MPa, Aps=2258.2 mm2, As=2580.8 mm2, As’=645.2 mm2, Aps=2258.2 mm2,
fpu=1860MPa LRT, fc’=28MPa, fy=415MPa and Eps=195GPa.

Required: Ultimate moment capacity of the section using code equation to evaluate fps.

Solution:

Check if code equation applies:

𝑓𝑝𝑒 = 1000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 0.5(1860) = 930𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑝𝑒 > 0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆

𝛾𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑝𝑢 [1 − (𝜌𝑝 + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′))]
𝛽1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′

Check if 𝑑′ ≤ 0.15𝑑𝑝
𝑑′ = 65𝑚𝑚
0.15𝑑𝑝 = 0.15(705) = 107.75𝑚𝑚
𝑑′ < 0.15𝑑𝑝, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑨𝒔′

𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Check if [(𝜌𝑝 + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′))] ≥ 0.17
𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′

𝐴𝑝𝑠 2258.2
𝜌𝑝 = = = 0.00210
𝑏𝑑𝑝 (1525)(705)

𝐴𝑠 2580.8
𝜌= = = 0.00223
𝑏𝑑 (1525)(760)
 𝐴𝑠′ 645.2
𝜌′ = = = 0.00056
𝑏𝑑 (1525)(760)

𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑦 1860 760 415

[(𝜌𝑝 + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′))] = [(0.00210 + ( ) (0.0023 − 0.00056))] = 0.166
𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′ 28 705 28

𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑦
[(𝜌𝑝 + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′))] < 0.17, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕
𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′

0.28
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 1860 [1 − (0.17)] = 1755.84𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.85

Check if flange section: assume fs’=fs=fy

∑ 𝐹ℎ = 0
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
0.85(28)𝑎(1525) + 645.2(415) = 2258.2(1755.84) + (2580.8)(415)
𝑎 = 131𝑚𝑚 > ℎ𝑓, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒛𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Re-compute a: assume fs’=fs=fy

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
0.85(28)𝑎(400) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) + (645.2)(415) = (2258.2)(1755.84) + (2580.8)(415)
177.44
𝑎 = 177. 44𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = = 208.75𝑚𝑚
0.85

Check fs and fs’:

𝑑−𝑐 760−208.75
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 1124.55 > 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔 = 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 208.75
𝑐−𝑑 ′ 208.75−65
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 413.17 < 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔′ < 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 208.75

Re-compute c: assume fs’=fs=fy

𝑐−𝑑′
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽1𝑐𝑏𝑤 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ (600) ( ) = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
𝑐
𝑐−65
0.85(28)(0.85)𝑐(400) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) + (645.2)(600) ( ) = (2258.2)(1755.84) + (2580.8)(415)
𝑐
𝑐 = 208.9𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = (0.85)(208.9) = 177.57𝑚𝑚

Check fs and fs’:

𝑑−𝑐 760−208.9
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 1582 > 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔 = 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 208.9
𝑐−𝑑′ 208.9−65
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 413.31 < 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔′ < 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 208.9

Check reinforcement index or evaluate by comparing:

𝑎
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽12 )
2
′
𝑎 177.57
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) = 0.85(28)(177.57)(400) (705 − ) = 1041.69𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2
𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽1 ) = (28)(400)(705) [[0.36(0.85) − 0.08(0.85)2]] = 1381.65𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
′ 2 2 2

1041.69 < 1381.65, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆

Compute Mn:
𝑎 ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑𝑝 − 𝑑′ ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑𝑝)
2 2
177.57 115
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(28)(177.57)(400) (705 − ) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) (705 − ) + (645.2)(413.31)(705 − 65)
2 2
+ (2580.8)(415)(760 − 705) = 3265𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑐 208.9
= = 0.275 < 0.375, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 ∅ = 0.90
𝑑𝑡 760

∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.90(3265) = 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

Given:
A pre-tensioned T-beam with constant eccentricity: b=1525mm, bw=400mm, h=825mm, d=760, dp=705mm,
d’=65mm, hf=115mm, fpe=1000 MPa, Aps=2258.2 mm 2, As=2580.8 mm2, As’=645.2 mm2, Aps=2258.2 mm2,
fpu=1860MPa LRT, fc’=28MPa, fy=415MPa and Eps=195GPa.

Required: Ultimate moment capacity of the section using strain compatibility analysis to evaluate fps.

Solution:

For є1:

𝑓𝑝𝑒 1000
∈1= = = 0.00513
𝐸𝑝𝑠 195,000

For є2:
𝑓𝑐
∈2=
𝐸𝑐
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑒(𝑒 2 )
𝑓𝑐 = +
𝐴 𝐼
𝐴 = (1525)(115) + (400)(825 − 115)
𝐴 = 459,375𝑚𝑚 2
𝐴𝑦̅ = ∑ 𝐴𝑦 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
115 825 − 115
459,375𝑦̅ = (1525)(115) (825 − ) + (400)(825 − 115) ( )
2 2
𝑦̅ = 512.5𝑚𝑚
1 115 2
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = [ (1525)(115)3 + (1525)(115) (825 − − 512.5) ]
12 2
2
1 825 − 115
+ [ (400)(825 − 115)3 + (400)(825 − 115) ( − 512.5) ]
12 2

𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 30572.4𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑒 = 705 − (825 − 512.5) = 392.5𝑚𝑚

𝑃𝑒 = 𝑓𝑝𝑒(𝐴𝑝𝑠) = (1000)(2258.2) = 2258.2𝑥103

2258.2𝑥103 2258.2𝑥103 (392.52 )

𝑓𝑐 = + = 16.3𝑀𝑃𝑎
459,375 30,572.4𝑥106

16.3
𝑓𝑝𝑒 = = 0.00065
4700√28

For є3:
Assume : fps=255ksi (1758.23MPa)
Єps (from graph)=0.0124

Check if flange section: assume fs’=fs=fy

∑ 𝐹ℎ = 0
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
0.85(28)𝑎(1525) + 645.2(415) = 2258.2(1755.84) + (2580.8)(415)
𝑎 = 131𝑚𝑚 > ℎ𝑓, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒛𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Re-compute a: assume fs’=fs=fy

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
0.85(28)𝑎(400) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) + (645.2)(415) = (2258.2)(1758.23) + (2580.8)(415)
178
𝑎 = 178𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = = 209.41𝑚𝑚
0.85

Check fs and fs’:

𝑑−𝑐 760−209.41
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 1577.55 > 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔 = 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 209.41
𝑐−𝑑′ 209.41−65
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 413.76 < 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔′ < 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 209.41
Re-compute c: assume fs’=fs=fy
𝑐−𝑑′
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽1𝑐𝑏𝑤 + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ (600) ( ) = 𝐴𝑝𝑠𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
𝑐
𝑐−65
0.85(28)(0.85)𝑐(400) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) + (645.2)(600) ( ) = (2258.2)(1758.23) + (2580.8)(415)
𝑐
𝑐 = 209.51𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = (0.85)(209.51) = 178.08𝑚𝑚

Check fs and fs’:

𝑑−𝑐 760−209.51
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 1576.5 > 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔 = 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 209.51
𝑐−𝑑 ′ 209.51−65
𝑓𝑠 ′ = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 413.85 < 𝑓𝑦, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒔′ < 𝒇𝒚
𝑐 209.51

Solve for є3 and єps

𝑑𝑝−𝑐 705−209.51
∈ 3 = 0.003 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.00702
𝑐 209.51
∈ 𝑝𝑠 = 0.00513 + 0.00065 + 0.00702 = 0.0128, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟖 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟒, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟖. 𝟐𝟑𝑴𝑷𝒂

Check reinforcement index or evaluate by comparing:

𝑎
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝2 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽12 )
2
′
𝑎 178.08
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) = 0.85(28)(178.08)(400) (705 − ) = 1044.45𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2
𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤𝑑𝑝 (0.36𝛽1 − 0.08𝛽1 ) = (28)(400)(705) [[0.36(0.85) − 0.08(0.85)2]] = 1381.65𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
′ 2 2 2

1044.45 < 1381.65, 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆

Compute Mn:
𝑎 ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ (𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤)ℎ𝑓 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝐴𝑠 ′ 𝑓𝑠 ′ (𝑑𝑝 − 𝑑′ ) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑𝑝)
2 2
178.08 115
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(28)(178.08)(400) (705 − ) + 0.85(28)(1525 − 400)(115) (705 − ) + (645.2)(413.85)(705 − 65)
2 2
+ (2580.8)(415)(760 − 705) = 3267.8𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑐 208.9
= = 0.275 < 0.375, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 ∅ = 0.90
𝑑𝑡 760

∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.90(3267.8) = 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟏𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎