ANATOMY OF

FEMALE GENITAL TRACT

• External genitalia
• Internal genitalia
• Accessory reproductive organs
 Mons
veneris

Labia • Post commisure

majora

External • prepuce
Labia • Frenulum
genitalia minora • Fourchette
(vulva,
• Fossa navicularis
pudendum)

• Glans
clitoris • Body
• 2 crura

• 6 openings
• bartholin’s abscess
vestibule
• Hymen
• Blood supply
– Arteries
• Br. of internal pudendal artery
– Labial A.,
– Transverse perineal A.,
– A to vestibular bulb,
– deep & dorsal arteries to clitoris
• Br. of Femoral A
– Superficial & deep external pudendal A
– Veins
• Internal pudendal vein
• Vesical/ vaginal venous plexuses
• Long saphenous vein
• Nerve supply
– Ant-sup part
• Ilio inguinal & genital br. of genitofemoral N (L1,L2)
– Post-inf part
• Pudendal br. of post.cut. N of thigh (S123)
– In between
• Labial & perineal br.of Pudendal N (S234)

• Lymphatics
– Superf. Inguinal nodes
– Gland of Cloquet
– Ext. & Int. Iliac nodes
 Vagina

Uterus
Internal
genital
organs
Fallopian
tubes

ovaries
 Vagina
• Fibromuscular membranous sheath
• Excretory channel
• Organ of copulation
• Birth canal of parturition
• 45 horizontal
• 2.5cm diameter
• distensibility
• Walls
– Ant : 7.5 cm
– Post : 9cm
– 2 lateral walls
• Fornices :
– Ant : shallow
– 2 lateral
– Post : deep
• Structure
– mucous coat
– Submucous layer of loose areolar vascular
tissues
– Muscular layer
– Fibrous coat (from endopelvic fascia)
:highly vascular
• Vaginal secretion
– Doderlein’s bacilli : lactic acid from
glycogen
• Blood Supply
– Arteries
• Cervicovaginal br. Of uterine A
• Vaginal A
• Middle rectal A
• Internal pudendal
• Anastomose---form 2 azygos arteries
– Veins drain into:
• Internal iliac V
• Internal pudendal V

• Lymphatics drain into

• Upper 1/3rd : internal iliac nodes
• Middle 1/3rd: external iliac nodes
• Lower 1/3rd (below hymen) : superficial inguinal gp.

• Nerve supply
• Parasympathetic : S234
• Sympathetic: hypogastric plexus
• Lower end : pudendal N (sensory )
 Uterus
• Ho l l o w, p y r i f o r m
mu s c u l a r o r g a n i n
p e l v i s
• Po s i t i o n : a n t e v e r s i o n
& a n t e f l e x i o n
u t e r u s d e x t r o r o t a t e d
c e r v i x l e v o r o t a t e d
• Me a s u r e me n t s
– 7.5c m l o n g
– 5c m w i d e
– 3c m t h i c k
Parts of uterus
• Structure
– Perimetrium : serous coat
– Myometrium: thick bundles of sm. M
• During pregnancy:
– Outer long.
– Middle interlacing
– Inner circular
– Endometrium
• Surface epithelium
• Lamina propria
– Stromal cells
– Endometrial glands
– Vessels & nerves
• Decidua in pregnancy
• Secretion: scanty & watery
• Re l a t i o n
– Anterior
• Above int.os : uterovesical pouch
• Below int.os: separated from UB by
loose areolar tissue
– Posterior
• Pouch of Douglas with coils on intestine
– Lateral
• Broad ligament
• Mackenrodt’s ligament
• Uterine A & ureter
• Ligaments of uterus
– Uterosacral ligament
– Transverse cervical/ Mackenrodt’s lig
– Pubovesicocervical lig
– Round ligament
– Broad ligament
• Mesovarium
• Mesosalpinx
• mesometrium
• Suspensory lig of ovary/ infundibulopelvic ligament
• Blood supply
– Arteries:
• Uterine A
• Ovarian & Vaginal As.
– Veins drain into
• Internal iliac veins
• Lymphatics
• Nerves
– Sympathetic
• Motor : T5 & T6
• Sensory : T10 – L1
– Parasympathetic
• Pelvic N ( S2,3,4) : both motor &
sensory : ends in ganglia of
Frankenhauser
Fallopian tube
(uterine tube, oviduct)
• 10-14 cm
• Lies within the superior
border of broad ligament
• 2 openings
– Medially into cornua
– Laterally into abdominal cavity
Parts of fallopian tube
Structure : -3 layers
• Blood Supply
– Arteries
• Uterine A
• Ovarian A
– Veins
• Through pampiniforn plexus into ovarian veins
• Lymphatics
• Para-aortic nodes
• Nerve supply
– Uterine & ovarian nerves
 The Ovary
• Paired, situated on either side of uterus
• Close to lateral pelvic wall
• In ovarian fossa of Waldeyer
• Size: 4*3*2 cm
• Only intra-abdominal structure not covered by
peritoneum
• Medial pole: attached to uterine cornua by
ovarian ligament
• Laterally to the pelvic wall by infundibulopelvic
ligament
• Fimbrial end of oviduct close to ovary & attached
to it via fimbria ovarica
• Structure : 2 parts

• Lined single layer of germinal epithelium of

Waldeyer (cuboidal epi.)
• Tunica albuginea : stromal cells thickened
Cortex beneath germinal epithelium
• Contain primordial follicles
• Corpus albicans/ atretic follicles

• Loose connective tissues, blood vessels,

nerves, muscles
Medulla • Hilus cells : homologous to interstitial cells of
testes
• Blood Supply
– Arterial : Ovarian A
– Veins :
• Through pampiniform plexus ovarian V.
Lt. Renal Vein IVC
• Lymphatics
• Para-aortic nodes
• Nerve supply
• Sympathetic supply from T10 along ovarian A.