Felidae

Felidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora,

colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A Felidae[1]
member of this family is also called a felid.[3][4][5][6] The Temporal range:
term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically Oligocene–Present, 25–0 Ma
to the domestic cat (Felis catus).[7]
PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K PgN
Felidae species exhibit the most diverse fur pattern of all
terrestrial carnivores.[8] Cats have retractile claws,
slender muscular bodies and strong flexible forelimbs.
Their teeth and facial muscles allow for a powerful bite.
They are all obligate carnivores, and most are solitary
predators ambushing or stalking their prey. Wild cats
occur in Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas. Some
wild cat species are adapted to forest habitats, some to
arid environments, and a few also to wetlands and
mountainous terrain. Their activity patterns range from
nocturnal and crepuscular to diurnal, depending on their
preferred prey species.[9]

Reginald Innes Pocock divided the extant Felidae into

three subfamilies: the Pantherinae, the Felinae and the
Acinonychinae, differing from each other by the
ossification of the hyoid apparatus and by the cutaneous Scientific classification
sheaths which protect their claws.[10] This concept has
been revised following developments in molecular Kingdom: Animalia
biology and techniques for analysis of morphological Phylum: Chordata
data. Today, the living Felidae are divided in two
subfamilies: the Pantherinae and Felinae, with the Class: Mammalia
Acinonychinae subsumed into the latter. Pantherinae Order: Carnivora
includes five Panthera and two Neofelis species, while
Felinae includes the other 34 species in ten genera.[11] Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
The first cats emerged during the Oligocene about 25
Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
million years ago, with the appearance of Proailurus and
Pseudaelurus. The latter species complex was ancestral Type genus
to two main lines of felids: the cats in the extant
subfamilies and a group of extinct cats of the subfamily Felis
Machairodontinae, which include the saber-toothed cats Linnaeus, 1758
such as the Smilodon. The "false sabre-toothed cats", the
Subfamilies
Barbourofelidae and Nimravidae, are not true cats, but
are closely related. Together with the Felidae, Viverridae,
hyaenas and mongooses, they constitute the Felinae
Feliformia.[7] Pantherinae
†Machairodontinae
†Proailurinae[2]
Contents
Characteristics
Evolution
Classification Felidae ranges
Living species
Phylogeny
Prehistoric taxa
See also
References
External links

Characteristics
All members of the cat family have the following characteristics in
common:

They are digitigrade, have five toes on their forefeet and

four on their hind feet. Their curved claws are protractile
and attached to the terminal bones of the toe with
ligaments and tendons. The claws are guarded by
cutaneous sheaths, except in the Acinonyx.[12]
They actively protract the claws by contracting muscles in
the toe,[9] and they passively retract them. The dewclaws
Skull of a lion from Kruger National
are expanded but do not protract.[13] Park
They have 30 teeth with a dental formula of 3.1.3.1
3.1.2.1
. The
upper third premolar and lower molar are adapted as
carnassial teeth, suited to tearing and cutting flesh.[14] The
canine teeth are large, reaching exceptional size in the 0:00 / 0:00
extinct saber-toothed species. The lower carnassial is
smaller than the upper carnassial and has a crown with Domestic cat purring and meowing
two compressed blade-like pointed cusps.[9]
Their nose projects slightly beyond the lower jaw.[12]
They have well developed and highly sensitive whiskers
above the eyes, on the cheeks, on the muzzle, but not 0:00 / 0:00
below the chin. [12] Whiskers help to navigate in the dark
and to capture and hold prey.[13] Lion roaring
Their skull is foreshortened with a rounded profile and
large orbits.[13]
Their tongue is covered with horny papillae, which rasp meat from prey and aid in
grooming.[13]
Their eyes are relatively large, situated to provide binocular vision. Their night vision is
especially good due to the presence of a tapetum lucidum, which reflects light back inside the
eyeball, and gives felid eyes their distinctive shine. As a result, the eyes of felids are about six
times more light sensitive than those of humans, and many species are at least partially
nocturnal. The retina of felids also contains a relatively high proportion of rod cells, adapted for
 distinguishing moving objects in conditions of dim light, which are complemented by the
presence of cone cells for sensing colour during the day.[9]
Their external ears are large, and especially sensitive to high-frequency sounds in the smaller
cat species. This sensitivity allows them to locate small rodent prey.[9]
They have lithe and flexible bodies with muscular limbs.[9]
The plantar pads of both fore and hind feet form compact three-lobed cushions.[14]
The penis is subconical and boneless.[12] Relative to body size, they have shorter bacula than
canids.[15]
They cannot detect the sweetness of sugar, as they lack the sweet-taste receptor.[16]
Felids have a vomeronasal organ in the roof of the mouth, allowing them to "taste" the air.[17]
The use of this organ is associated with the Flehmen response.[18]
The standard sounds made by all felids include meowing, spitting, hissing, snarling and
growling. Meowing is the main contact sound, whereas the others signify an aggressive
motivation.[9]
They can purr during both phases of respiration, though pantherine cats seem to purr only
during oestrus and copulation, and as cubs when suckling. Purring is generally a low pitch
sound of less than 2 kHz and mixed with other vocalization types during the expiratory
phase.[19]

The colour, length and density of their fur is very diverse. Fur colour covers the gamut from white to black,
and fur pattern from distinctive small spots, stripes to small blotches and rosettes. Most cat species are born
with a spotted fur, except the jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), Asian golden cat (Catopuma
temminckii) and caracal (Caracal caracal). The spotted fur of lion (Panthera leo) and cougar (Puma
concolor) cubs change to a uniform fur during their ontogeny.[8] Those living in cold environments have
thick fur with long hair, like the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and the Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul).[13]
Those living in tropical and hot climate zones have short fur. Several species exhibit melanism with all-
black individuals.[9]

In the great majority of cat species, the tail is between a third and a half of the body length, although with
some exceptions, like the Lynx species and margay.[9] Cat species vary greatly in body and skull sizes, and
weights:

The largest cat species is the tiger (Panthera tigris), with a head-to-body length of up to
390 cm (150 in), a weight range of at least 65 to 325 kg (143 to 717 lb), and a skull length
ranging from 316 to 413 mm (12.4 to 16.3 in).[9][20] Although the maximum skull length of a lion
is slightly greater at 419 mm (16.5 in), it is generally smaller in head-to-body length than the
former.[21]
The smallest cat species are the rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) and the black-
footed cat (Felis nigripes). The former is 35–48 cm (14–19 in) in length and weighs 0.9–1.6 kg
(2.0–3.5 lb).[9] The latter has a head-to-body length of 36.7–43.3 cm (14.4–17.0 in) and a
maximum recorded weight of 2.45 kg (5.4 lb).[22][23]

Most cat species have a haploid number of 18 or 19. Central and South American cats have a haploid
number of 18, possibly due to the combination of two smaller chromosomes into a larger one.[24]

Evolution
The family Felidae is part of the Feliformia, a suborder that diverged
probably about 50.6 to 35 million years ago into several families.[25]
The Felidae and the Asiatic linsangs are considered a sister group,
which split about 35.2 to 31.9 million years ago.[26]

The earliest cats probably appeared about

35 to 28.5 million years ago. Proailurus is the oldest known cat that
occurred after the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event about
33.9 million years ago; fossil remains were excavated in France and
Mongolia's Hsanda Gol Formation.[7] Fossil occurrences indicate
that the Felidae arrived in North America earliest
25 million years ago. This is about 20 million years ago later than
the Ursidae and the Nimravidae, and about 10 million years later Feliform evolutionary timeline
than the Canidae.[27]

In the Early Miocene about 20 to 16.6 million years ago,

Pseudaelurus lived in Africa. Its fossil jaws were also excavated in
geological formations of Europe's Vallesian, Asia's Middle Miocene
and North America's late Hemingfordian to late Barstovian epochs.[28]

In the Early or Middle Miocene, the sabre-toothed Machairodontinae

evolved in Africa and migrated northwards in the Late Miocene.[29]
With their large upper canines, they were adapted to prey on large-
bodied megaherbivores.[30][31] Miomachairodus is the oldest known
member of this subfamily. Metailurus lived in Africa and Eurasia about Megantereon model at Natural
8 to 6 million years ago. Several Paramachaerodus skeletons were History Museum of Basel
found in Spain. Homotherium appeared in Africa, Eurasia and North
America around 3.5 million years ago, and Megantereon about
3 million years ago. Smilodon lived in North and South America from
about 2.5 million years ago. This subfamily became extinct in the Late
Pleistocene.[29]

Results of mitochondrial analysis indicate that the living Felidae Model of Smilodon fatalis
species descended from a common ancestor, which originated in Asia
in the Late Miocene epoch. They migrated to Africa, Europe and the
Americas in the course of at least 10 migration waves during the past
~11 million years. Low sea levels, interglacial and glacial periods
facilitated these migrations.[32] Panthera blytheae is the oldest known
pantherine cat dated to the late Messinian to early Zanclean ages about
5.95 to 4.1 million years ago. A fossil skull was excavated in 2010 in
Zanda County on the Tibetan Plateau.[33] Panthera palaeosinensis from Graphical reconstruction of an
North China probably dates to the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The American lion (Panthera atrox)
skull of the holotype is similar to that of a lion or leopard.[34] Panthera
zdanskyi dates to the Gelasian about 2.55 to 2.16 million years ago.
Several fossil skulls and jawbones were excavated in northwestern China.[35] Panthera gombaszoegensis is
the earliest known pantherine cat that lived in Europe about 1.95 to 1.77 million years ago.[36]

Living felids fall into eight evolutionary lineages or species clades.[37][38] Genotyping of nuclear DNA of all
41 felid species revealed that hybridization between species occurred in the course of evolution within the
majority of the eight lineages.[39]

Modelling of felid coat pattern transformations revealed that nearly all patterns evolved from small spots.[40]
Classification
Traditionally, five subfamilies have been distinguished within the Felidae based on phenotypical features:
the Pantherinae, the Felinae, the Acinonychinae,[10] and the extinct Machairodontinae and Proailurinae.[2]

Living species

The following table shows the living genera within the Felidae, grouped according to the traditional
phenotypical classification.[11] Estimated genetic divergence times of the corresponding eight genotypical
evolutionary lineages are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA,
yDNA and mtDNA gene segments;[32] and estimates based on analysis of biparental nuclear genomes.[39]
Subfamily Pantherinae
IUCN Red List status and
Genus Species
distribution

Neofelis Gray, 1867[41] Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa) (Griffith, VU [43]

[Lineage 1: 14.45 to 8.38 1821)[42]
Mya]
diverged 9.32 to 4.47 Mya

Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi) (Cuvier, VU [46]

1823)[44]

diverged 2 to 0.9 Mya[45]

Panthera Oken, 1816[47] Leopard (P. pardus) (Linnaeus, 1758)[48] VU [49]

[Lineage 1]; 11.75 to 0.97
Mya[39] diverged 4.63 to 1.81 Mya

Tiger (P. tigris) (Linnaeus, 1758)[50] EN [51]

diverged 4.62 to 1.82 Mya

Snow leopard (P. uncia) (Schreber, 1775)[52] VU [53]

diverged 4.62 to 1.82 Mya

Lion (P. leo) (Linnaeus, 1758)[54] VU [55]

diverged 3.46 to 1.22 Mya

Jaguar (P. onca) (Linnaeus, 1758)[56] NT [57]

diverged 3.46 to 1.22 Mya

Subfamily Felinae
IUCN Red List status and
Genus Species
distribution

Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858[58] Marbled cat (P. marmorata) (Martin, 1836)[59] NT [60]
[Lineage 2: 12.77 to 7.36
Mya] diverged 8.42 to 4.27 Mya

Catopuma Severtzov, Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) (Vigors & NT [62]
1858[58] Horsfield, 1827)[61]
[Lineage 2]; 8.47 to 0.41
Mya[39] diverged 6.42 to 2.96 Mya; 4.58 to
0.03 Mya[39]

Bay cat (C. badia) (Gray, 1874)[63] EN [64]

 diverged 6.42 to 2.96 Mya; 4.58 to
0.03 Mya[39]

Leptailurus Severtzov, Serval (L. serval) (Schreber, 1775)[65] LC[66]

1858[58]
[Lineage 3: 11.56 to 6.66 diverged 7.91 to 4.14 Mya
Mya]

Caracal Gray, 1843[67] Caracal (C. caracal) (Schreber, 1776)[68] LC[69]

[Lineage 3]; 11.99 to 3.64
Mya[39] diverged 2.93 to 1.19 Mya; 6.25 to
0.07 Mya[39]

African golden cat (C. aurata) (Temminck, VU [71]

1827)[70]
 diverged 2.93 to 1.19 Mya; 6.25 to
0.07 Mya[39]

Leopardus Gray, 1842[72] Pampas cat (L. colocola) (Molina, 1782)[73] NT [74]
[Lineage 4: 10.95 to 6.3
Mya]; 5.19 to 0.93 Mya[39] diverged 2.70 to 1.18 Mya

Andean mountain cat (L. jacobitus) (Cornalia, EN [76]

1865)[75]

diverged 2.70 to 1.18 Mya

Ocelot (L. pardalis) (Linnaeus, 1758)[77] LC[78]

diverged 2.41 to 1.01 Mya; 4.76 to
0.05 Mya[39]

Margay (L. wiedii) (Schinz, 1821)[79] NT [80]

diverged 2.41 to 1.01 Mya; 4.76 to

0.05 Mya[39]

Kodkod (L. guigna) (Molina, 1782)[73] VU [81]

diverged 1.48 to 0.56 Mya; 4.64 to

0.04 Mya[39]

Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) (d'Orbigny & Gervais, LC[83]

1844)[82]
 diverged 1.48 to 0.56 Mya; 4.64 to
0.04 Mya[39]

Oncilla (L. tigrinus) (Schreber, 1775)[84] VU [85]

diverged 1.48 to 0.56 Mya

Southern tigrina (L. guttulus) (Hensel, 1872)[86] VU [88]

diverged 0.8 to 0.5 Mya[87]

Lynx Kerr, 1792[89] Bobcat (L. rufus) (Schreber, 1777)[90] LC[91]

[Lineage 5: 9.81 to 5.62
Mya]; 8.67 to 2.39 Mya[39] diverged 4.74 to 2.53 Mya
 Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Kerr, 1792[89] LC[92]

diverged 2.6 to 1.06 Mya

Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) (Linnaeus, 1758)[93] LC[94]

diverged 1.98 to 0.7 Mya

Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) (Temminck, 1827)[95] EN [96]

diverged 1.98 to 0.7 Mya

Acinonyx Brookes, 1828[97] Cheetah (A. jubatus) Schreber, 1775)[98] VU [99]

[Lineage 6: 9.20 to 5.27
Mya] diverged 6.92 to 3.86 Mya
Puma Jardine 1834[100] Cougar (P. concolor) Linnaeus, 1771[101] LC[102]
[Lineage 6]
diverged 6.01 to 3.16 Mya

Herpailurus Severtzov, Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy Saint- LC[104]

1858[58] Hilaire, 1803)[103]
[Lineage 6]
diverged 6.01 to 3.16 Mya

Otocolobus Ognev, 1928[105] Pallas's cat (O. manul) (Pallas, 1776)[106] NT [107]
[Lineage 7: 8.55 to 4.8
Mya]; 9.4 to 1.46 Mya[39] diverged 8.16 to 4.53 Mya

Prionailurus Severtzov, Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) (Geoffroy NT [109]

1858[58] Saint-Hilaire, 1834)[108]
[Lineage 7]; 8.76 to 0.73
Mya[39]
diverged 6.54 to 3.42 Mya

Leopard cat (P. bengalensis) (Kerr, 1792)[110] LC[111]

diverged 4.31 to 2.04 Mya

Fishing cat (P. viverrinus) (Bennett, 1833)[112] VU [113]

diverged 3.82 to 1.74 Mya

Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps) (Vigors & VU [114]

Horsfield, 1827)[61]

diverged 3.82 to 1.74 Mya

Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis) (Desmarest,

1816)[115]
 diverged 1.3 to 0.56 Mya[116]

Felis Linnaeus, 1758[117] Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777[118] LC[119]
[Lineage 8: 4.88 to 2.41
Mya]; 6.52 to 1.03 Mya[39] diverged 4.88 to 2.41 Mya

Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824[120] VU [121]

diverged 4.44 to 2.16 Mya

Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858[122] LC[123]

diverged 3.67 to 1.72 Mya

Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, VU [125]

1892[124]

diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya

African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780[126]

diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya

European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, LC[128]

1777[127]

diverged 1.62 to 0.59 Mya

Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758[117]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of living felids are shown in the following cladogram:[32]
Felidae Panthera lineage

Leopard (P. pardus)

Lion (P. leo)

Panthera Jaguar (P. onca)

Pantherinae Snow leopard (P. uncia)

Tiger (P. tigris)

Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)

Neofelis

Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)

Felinae Bay cat lineage

Bay cat (C. badia)

Catopuma

Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)

Pardofelis
Marbled cat (P. marmorata)

Caracal lineage

Caracal (C. caracal)

Caracal

African golden cat (C. aurata)

Leptailurus
Serval (L. serval)
 Ocelot lineage

Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)

Kodkod (L. guigna)

Oncilla (L. tigrina)

Leopardus Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)

Pampas cat (L. colocola)

Ocelot (L. pardalis)

Margay (L. wiedii)

Lynx lineage

Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)

Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)

Lynx

Canada lynx (L. canadensis)

Bobcat (L. rufus)

Puma lineage
Puma
Cougar (P. concolor)

Herpailurus Jaguarundi (H.

yagouaroundi)

Acinonyx
Cheetah (A. jubatus)
Leopard cat lineage
Prionailurus
Leopard cat (P.
bengalensis)

Fishing cat (P.

viverrinus)

Flat-headed cat (P.

planiceps)
 Rusty-spotted cat (P.
rubiginosus)

Otocolobus
Pallas's cat (O. manul)

Jungle cat (F. chaus)

Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)

Sand cat (F. margarita)

Chinese mountain cat

(F. bieti)
Felis
African wildcat (F.
lybica)
wildcats
European wildcat (F.
silvestris)

Domestic cat (F.

catus)

Domestic cat lineage

Prehistoric taxa
Proailurinae

Proailurus (Filhol, 1879)[129]

P. lemanensis (Filhol, 1879)
P. bourbonnensis (Peigne, 1999)[130]
P. major (Peigne, 1999)[130]
Pseudailurus grade
Pseudaelurus (Gervais, 1850)[131][7]
P. quadridentatus (Blainville, 1882)
P. guangheesis (Cao et al, 1990)
P. cuspidatus (Wang et al, 1998)
Sivaelurus (Pilgrim, 1910)
S. chinjiensis (Pilgrim, 1910)
 Hyperailurictis (Kretzoi, 1929)
H. intrepidus (Leidy, 1858)
H. marshi (Thorpe, 1922)
H. stouti (Schultz & Martin, 1972)
H. validus (Rothwell, 2001)
H. skinneri (Rothwell, 2003)
Styriofelis (Kretzoi, 1929)
S. turnauensis (Deperet, 1892)
S. romieviensis (Roman & Viret, 1934)
Miopanthera (Kretzoi, 1938)
M. lorteti (Gaillard, 1899)
M. pamiri (Ozansoy, 1965)
Pantherinae
Panthera

P. spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810)[132]

P. atrox (Leidy, 1853)[133]
P. fossilis (Reichenau, 1906)
P. palaeosinensis (Zdansky, 1924)
P. youngi (Pei, 1934)
P. gombaszoegensis (Kretzoi, 1938)[134]
P. shawi (Broom, 1948)
P. zdanskyi (Mazák, Christiansen & Kitchener, 2011)[35]
P. blytheae (Tseng et al., 2013)[33]
P. balamoides (Stinnesbeck et al., 2019)
P. leo
P. leo sinhaleyus
P. onca
P. onca augusta (Leidy, 1872)
P. onca mesembrina (Cabrera 1934)
P. pardus
P. pardus spelaea (Bächler, 1936)
P. tigris
P. tigris trinilensis (Dubois, 1908)
P. tigris soloensis (Koenigswald, 1933)
Felinae
Felis
F. lunensis (Martelli, 1906)
Lynx
L. issiodorensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828)
 L. rexroadensis (Stephens, 1959)[135][136]
L. thomasi
Puma
P. pardoides (Owen, 1846)
P. pumoides (Castellanos, 1956)
Acinonyx
A. pardinensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828)
A. intermedius (Thenius, 1954)[7]
A. aicha (Geraads, 1997)
Sivapanthera (Kretzoi, 1929)
S. arvernensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828)
S. brachygnathus (Lydekker, 1884)
S. pleistocaenicus (Zdansky, 1925)
S. potens (Pilgrim, 1932)
S. linxiaensis (Qiu et al., 2004)
S. padhriensis (Ghaffar & Akhtar, 2004)
Pratifelis (Hibbard, 1934)
P. martini (Hibbard, 1934)
Miracinonyx (Adams, 1979)[137]
M. inexpectatus (Cope, 1895)
M. trumani (Orr, 1969)
Diamantofelis (Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile, 1998)[138]
D. ferox (Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile, 1998)
Namafelis (Morales, Pickford, Fraile, Salesa & Soria, 2003)[139]
N. minor (Morales, Pickford, Fraile, Salesa & Soria, 2003)
Asilifelis (Werdelin, 2011)[140]
A. coteae Werdelin, 2011
Leptofelis (Salesa et al., 2012)
L. vallesiensis (Salesa et al., 2012)
Pristifelis (Salesa et al., 2012)
P. attica (Wagner, 1857)
Katifelis (Adrian, Werdelin & Grossman, 2018)[141]
K. nightingalei (Adrian, Werdelin & Grossman, 2018)
Machairodontinae
Tchadailurus (Salesa et al., 2012)
T. adei (Bonis et al., 2018)
Tribe Metailurini:

Metailurus (Zdansky, 1924)[142]

 M. major (Zdansky, 1924)
M. mongoliensis (Colbert, 1939)
M. ultimus (Li, 2014)
M. boodon
Adelphailurus (Hibbard, 1934)
A. kansensis (Hibbard, 1934)
Stenailurus
S. teilhardi
Dinofelis (Zdansky, 1924)[29][143]
D. aronoki
D. barlowi
D. cristata
D. darti
D. diastemata
D. paleoonca
D. petteri
D. piveteaui
Yoshi (Spassov and Geraads, 2014)[144]
Y. minor (Zdansky, 1924)
Y. garevskii (Spassov and Geraads, 2014)
Tribe Smilodontini:
Megantereon (Croizet & Jobert, 1828)
M. cultridens (Cuvier, 1824)
M. nihowanensis (Teilhard de Chardin & Piveteau, 1930)
M. hesperus (Gazin, 1933)
M. whitei (Broom, 1937)
M. inexpectatus (Tielhard de Chardin, 1939)
M. vakshensis (Sarapov, 1986)
M. ekidoit (Werdelin & Lewis, 2000)
M. microta (Zhu et al., 2015)
Smilodon (Lund, 1842)
S. populator (Lund, 1842)
S. fatalis (Leidy, 1869)
S. gracilis (Cope, 1880)
Paramachairodus (Pilgrim, 1913)
P. maximiliani
P. orientalis
P. transasiaticus
Promegantereon (Kretzoi, 1938)[142]
P. ogygia (Kretzoi, 1938)
Rhizosmilodon (Wallace & Hulbert, 2013)
 R. fiteae (Wallace & Hulbert, 2013)
Tribe Homotherini:
Homotherium (Fabrini, 1890)
H. latidens (Owen, 1846)
H. serum (Cope, 1893)
H. ischyrus (Merriam, 1905)
H. venezuelensis (Rincón et al., 2011)
Amphimachairodus (Kretzoi, 1929)[142]
A. giganteus (Kretzoi, 1929)
A. kurteni (Sotnikova, 1992)
A. coloradensis (Anton et al., 2013)
A. alvarezi (Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2019)
Nimravides (Kitts, 1958)[142]
N. catacopsis (Cope, 1887)
N. pedionomus (MacDonald, 1948)
N. thinobates (MacDonald, 1948)
N. hibbardi (Dalquest, 1969)
N. galiani (Baskin, 1981)
Xenosmilus (Martin et al., 2000)
X. hodsonae (Martin et al., 2000)
Lokotunjailurus (Werdelin, 2003)
L. emageritus (Werdelin, 2003)
L. fanonei (Bonis, Peigné, Mackaye, Likius, Vignaud & Brunet, 2010)
Tribe Machairodontini:

Machairodus (Kaup, 1833)[142]

M. aphanistus (Kaup, 1832)
M. horribilis (Schlosser, 1903)
M. robinsoni (Kurtén, 1975)
M. pseudaeluroides (Schmidt-Kittler 1976)
M. alberdiae (Ginsburg et al., 1981)
M. laskerevi (Sotnikova, 1992)
M. kabir (Peigné et al., 2005)
Hemimachairodus (Koenigswald, 1974)
H. zwierzyckii (Koenigswald, 1974)
Miomachairodus (Schmidt-Kittler 1976)
M. pseudaeluroides (Schmidt-Kittler 1976)

See also
Felid hybrid Panthera hybrid
 Exotic felines as pets List of felids
Cat gap Pinch-induced behavioral inhibition

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External links
Felidae (https://curlie.org/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Car
nivora/Felidae/) at Curlie
Keller, E. (2015). "Secrets of the World's 38 Species of Wild Cats" (https://blog.nationalgeogra
phic.org/2015/12/24/secrets-of-the-worlds-38-species-of-wild-cats/). National Geographic
Society.

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