HYDROLOGY REPORT

TWO LANING WITH PAVED SHOULDER OF MAGADI TO

PROJECT NEAR SOMWARPETH IN THE STATE OF KARNATAKA,
INDIA ON HYBRID ANNUITY BASIS.

LOCATION KM 195+238

REVISION R1 12/03/2020

REMARKS Compliance on observation of I.E. letter AA/PKG2/KNRCL/2146/19-

20/303, dated 7th March 2020
 Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

HYDROLOGY REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION

The Government of Karnataka, Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department,
“Karnataka State Highways Improvement Project (KSHIP)-III” has decided to upgrade the
existing SH 85 to two lane with paved shoulders from Magadi (Design Chainage 51+000, Ex.
Km 51+835) to near Somwarpeth (Design Chainage 225+563, Ex. Km 221+833) under Hybrid
Annuity Model (HAM).

M/S KNRCL has won the project on a competitive Bidding and has subsequently appointed M/s
AECOM, to provide Design Consultancy Services for the same herein after referred as the
Project Road.

This report consist of detailed hydraulic calculation for bridge chainage 195+238. The Existing
structure in the present location has a span arrangement of 4x3 meters.

2. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

2.1 Hydrological Study
The hydrological study aims at estimating the peak discharge of the flood generated by the run-
off of rainfall within the catchment area. The hydrological study requires knowledge of:
• The terrain through which the road is passing
• The natural drainage system prevailing before the road construction.
• Rivers and tributaries draining the area, ponds and other water bodies
• Topographic features like habitats, industries, marketing places, cross roads, land use etc.
• Details of existing drainage, canals, marshy land, waterlogged and flooded areas etc.
• Rainfall and runoff data
• Soil, subsoil and cover conditions etc.

3. DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS

3.1 Design Criteria

The design is carried out using the rational formula. The design is based on 100-year
return period. Channel Hydraulics is derived using Manning’s formula.
3.2 Estimation of Run-off
3.2.1 Calculation of Discharges

Discharges for the streams of bridges have been calculated with the
1. Rational Formula
2. Ryve’s Formula
3. Manning’s Formula
4. Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method (For Catchment > 25 sq.km)

1
Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

1. Rational Formula
The run-off formula is taken as per IRC SP-13-2004 “Guidelines for the design of small
bridges and culverts”.
Q = 0.028 PfAIc
Where Q = maximum run-off in m³/sec
A = Area of catchments in hectares
Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm/hr
P = Coefficient of run-off for the catchment characteristics
f = Fraction depending upon size of catchment (“f” curve is given below)
1.0

0.9

0.8

f
0.7

0.6

0.5
0 10000 20000 30000 40000

CATCHMENT AREA IN HECTARES

• Run-off Coefficient
The value of Run-off Coefficient “P” depends upon catchment characteristics such as
property of soil, type of ground cover etc. The suggested values of “P” are given in Table
below.
Coefficient of Runoff
Sl. Description of Surface Maximum value of
No. Coefficient of Run-off (P)
1 Steep, bare rock and water tight pavement surface
0.90
(concrete and bitumen)
2 Steep rock with some vegetative cover 0.80
3 Plateau areas with light vegetative cover 0.70
4 Bare stiff clayey soils (impervious soils) 0.60

2
Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

5 Stiff clayey soils (impervious soils) with vegetative

0.50
cover and uneven paved road surfaces
6 Loam lightly cultivated or covered and macadam or
0.40
gravel roads
7 Loam largely cultivated or turfed 0.30
8 Sandy soil, light growth, parks, gardens, lawns, and
0.20
meadows
9 Sandy soil covered with heavy bush or
0.10
wooded/forested areas

• Rainfall Intensity
Let F cm of rain falls during T hours in an individual storm, then the mean intensity of
rainfall is
I = F/T cm/hr
Since the intensity of rainfall is not uniform throughout the whole duration of T hours,
the small interval “t” will be having higher rain fall intensity than the mean intensity i.e
“I“ taken over the whole period of T hours. Thus the mean intensity of the storm of the
shorter duration can be higher than that of the prolonged one.
If “I” is the intensity of a shorter duration storm of “t” hours, then
i/I = T+1/t+1
or
i = F/T x (T+1/t+1) (eqn. 4.5d of IRC: SP: 13-2004)
• One Hour Rainfall or Peak Runoff
Considering a time interval of one hour (t) somewhere within the duration of the storm,
then, one hour rainfall intensity
Io = F/T x (T+1/1+1) = F/2 x (T+1/T) (eqn. 4.8 of IRC: SP: 13-2004)
• Time of Concentration (tc)
The time taken by the runoff from the farthest point on the periphery of the catchment
(called the critical point) to reach the site of bridge is called the “concentration time”.
tc = (0.87 x L³/H)^0.385 (eqn. 4.9 of IRC: SP: 13-2004)

Where tc = time of concentration in hours

L = Distance from the critical point to the bridge site in km
H = the fall in level from the critical point to the bridge site in m

• The Critical or Design Intensity of Rainfall (Ic)

The critical intensity “Ic” for a catchment is the maximum intensity of rainfall which
will occur in a time interval equal to time of concentration “tc”
Ic = F/T (T+1/tc+1) = Io (2/tc+1) (eqn. 4.10b of IRC: SP: 13-2004)

3
Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

2. Ryve’s Formula
This formula was devised for erstwhile Madras Presidency
Q= C M 2/3
Where Q = Run-off in m³/sec
M = Area of catchment in sq.km.
C = 6.8 for areas within 25 km of the coast.
= 8.5 for areas between 25 Km and 160 Km of the coast.
= 10.0 for limited areas near the hills.

3. Discharge by Manning’s Formula

Q= Area x Velocity
A x R 2/3 x S 1/2
n
Where,
V – Velocity in meter/sec.
R – The hydraulic mean depth in meters (R=A/P)
S – Bed slope over a reasonably long reach
n – The rugosity co-efficient

The value of n is given in table (table 5.1 of IRC SP: 13-2004; “Guidelines for the design
of small bridges & culverts”)
Table 3: Rugosity Co-efficient, n
Surface Perfect Good Fair Bad
Natural Streams
1. Clean, straight bank, full stage, no rifts or
0.025 0.0275 0.03 0.033
deep pools
2. Same as 1, but some weeds and stones 0.03 0.033 0.035 0.04
3. Winding, some pools and shoals, clean 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
4. Same as 3, lower stages, more ineffective
0.04 0.045 0.05 0.055
slope and sections

4
Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

5. Same as 3, some weeds and stones 0.033 0.035 0.04 0.045

6. Same as 4, stony sections 0.045 0.05 0.055 0.06
7. Sluggish river reaches, rather weedy or
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
with very deep pools
8. Very weedy reaches 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15

Cross sections of the streams have been taken of immediate upstream and downstream of
the existing bridge locations on the basis of invert levels of the stream beds taken at
existing bridge locations and proposed bridge location.

4. Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method

Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) is based on unit hydrograph principle wherein the design
storm after converting it into effective rainfall (input) is applied to the unit hydrograph
(transfer function) to obtain a design flood (output). The SUH is a unit hydrograph of unit
duration(Ref fig 1) for a catchment developed from relations established between
physiographic and unit hydrograph parameters of the representative catchments in a
hydrometeorological homogenous regions (sub zones).
This method is used when catchment area is greater than 25 sq. km and not suitable for smaller
catchment areas. CWC has published Flood Estimation Report for different Hydro-
meteorological zone for India. The project alignment falls in Kaveri basin subzone 3(i). A
detailed approach and equations of unit hydrograph has been given in the report “Flood
Estimation Report for kaveri Basin, sub-zone – 3(i) published by the CWC.

5
 Two laning with paved shoulder of Magadi to near Somwarpeth(Km.51.000 to Km. 221.833 of SH
85, excluding the following common sections with Huliyudurga bypass Km 76.520 to 78.410, common
portion with SH 84 between Km 88.700 to Km 90.380 and common portion with NH 150 A in
Nagmangla Km 111.960 to Km 113.260), 166 km in the state of Karnataka, India on Hybrid Annuity
Basis.

UNIT GRAPH PARAMETERS

UG Unit Graph
Tm = Hrs
1. A = Catchment Area in Sq.km.

tr = 1.00 Hrs 2 . Tr = Unit Rainfall duration adopted in a specific study (hr)

1.00 cm RAINFALL EXCESS
36.00 3. QP = Peak Discharge of Unit Hydrograph (cumecs)
Tp = Time from
Hrs the Centre of effective rainfall duration to the UG peak (hr)
34.00 4. qp = Qp/A cumecs per sq.km.

32.00 5. tp = Time from the Centre of effective rainfall duration to the UG peak (hr)

30.00 6. Tm = Time from the start of rise to the peak of the UG (hr.)

28.00 7. TB = Base w idth of Unit Hydrograph (hr)

26.00 8. W50 = Width of UG measured at 50% of peak discharge ordinate (hr)

WR75
W75
24.00 9. W75 = Width of UG measured at 75% of peak discharge ordinate (hr)

22.00 Qp 10. WR50 = Width of rising limb of UG measured at 50% of peak discharge ordinate (hr)

20.00 11. WR75 = Width of rising limb of UG measured at 75% of peak discharge ordinate (hr)

18.00
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)

WR50
16.00
W50

14.00

12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00 d = Depth of Rainfall = 1.00 cm

TB = tr = Unit Duration in Hours = 1.00 Hrs
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

TIME (HOURS)

Fig 1: Synthetic Unit Hydrograph

6
 Catchment Characterstics

Bridge at Km = 195+238
Catchment Area = 41.46 Sq.km
Length (km) = 18.29 km
Lc (km) = 11.03 km
High point = 919 m
Datum point = 820 m

Isopluvial Consideration

Point Rainfall Intensity (100yr-24 hr) = 18 cm

conversion factor for 100yr-1hr rainfall = 0.42

100 yr -1hr point rainfall intensity = 7.56 cm/hr

7
Calculation of Discharge By Various Methods:

Rational Formula
3
Runoff, Q = 0.028 X P X f X A X Ic Cumecs

P = Coefficient depending upon type of soil & characteristic of catchment area

= 0.30 for loam, largely cultivated or covered.

f = 0.85
Io = 7.56
A = Catchment area in hactares

= 4146 hactares

Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in duration equal to concentration time, tc

= Io 2 7.56 2
=
tc + 1 5.637

= 7.56 X 0.355 = 2.682 cm/hr

3 0.385
tc = 0.87 X L / H = 0.87 X 6118 / 99

= 4.637

Runoff, Q = 0.028 X P X f X A X Ic Cumecs

= 0.028 X 0.300 X 0.850 X 4146 X 2.68 Cumecs

= 79.400 Cumecs

Discharge by Ryve's Method:

C = 10
2
M= 41.46 km

Discharge , Q = C M 2/3

119.79 cumecs

8
 Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method (SUG)

L = 18.29 Kms.
Lc = 10.43 Kms.
S = 4.09 M/Km.
A = 41.46 Sq. Km
Datum Level: 820.00
Top Level = 919.00
Height (H) = Top Level - Datum Level
= 919 - 820.00 = 99.0
Reduced Length of
SL. Distance Reduced Level each Height Above
(Di-1 + Di) m Li x(Di-1 + Di)
No. from the br (m) segment (Li) Datum (m)
site (RD) km km
1 0 820.000 0 0 0 0
2 3.00 830.00 3.00 10.00 10.00 30.00
3 6.00 842.00 3.00 22.00 32.00 96.00
4 9.00 853.00 3.00 33.00 55.00 165.00
5 12.00 865.00 3.00 45.00 78.00 234.00
6 15.00 881.00 3.00 61.00 106.00 318.00
7 18.29 919.00 3.29 99.00 160.00 526.40
1369.40

Eqv. Slope (Sst) = Li x(Di-1 + Di) 1369.40 4.09 meter/kilometer

= =
L2 334.52
0.405 0.405
i) tp = 0.553 x L Lc = 0.5530 x 190.76 = 3.486
sqrt(S) 2.023

0.8720 0.8720

ii) qp = 2.043 / tp = 2.043 / 3.486 = 0.688

1.0670 1.0670

iii) W 50 = 2.197 / qp = 2.197 x 0.688 = 3.277

1.0880 1.0880
iv) W75 = 1.325 / qp = 1.3250 / 0.688 = 1.992

1.1380 1.1380

v) WR 50 = 0.799 / qp = 0.7990 / 0.688 = 1.224

1.1090 1.1090
vi) WR75 = 0.536 / qp = 0.5360 / 0.688 = 0.812

0.7330 0.7330
vii) TB = 5.083 x tp = 5.083 x 3.486 = 12.696

vii) QP = qp XA = 0.688 X 41.46 = 28.510

9
tp 3.486 Point Rainfall Intensity (100yr-24 hr) = 18 cm (zone 3i)
qp 0.688
W 50 3.277
W75 1.992 conversion factor for 100yr-1hr rainfall = 0.42
WR 50 1.224 100 yr -1hr point rainfall intensity = 7.56 cm/hr
WR75 0.812 conversion factor for 100yr-4hr rainfall = 0.64
TB 12.696 100 yr -4hr point rainfall intensity = 11.520 cm/hr
QP 28.510

TD = 1.1 X tp = 1.1 X 3.486 = 3.835

Say = 4 Hr FALSE ## 0.85
0.530 ## 1
## 0
Areal reduction factor for TD (4hr)= 0.94 x 11.520 = 10.83
Duration Coefficient Storm Rainfall Design Effective
Hourly (fig 7) Rainfall Increment Loss rate Rainfall
Rainfall 1 0.690 7.47 7.472 1.5 5.972
Increment 2 0.830 8.99 1.516 1.5 0.016
3 0.930 10.07 1.083 1.5 -0.417
4 1.000 10.83 0.758 1.5 -0.742
Base flow = 0.05 cumecs per sq km
= 0.05 X A = 2.073 cumecs

Peak
Discharge Time(hr) UG Ordinate 1 hr Rainfall Direct
cumecs Increments Runoff

1 28.51 5.972 170

2 21.00 0.016 0.337

3 6.00 -0.417 -3

4 19.00 -0.742 -14

Total 170.595
Base flow 2.073
Peak Flow 172.668 m3/s

10
 BRIDGE AT KM 195+238
75.00 1. HOUR S.U.G. ORDINATES 1 - HOUR S.U.G. PARAMETERS
Tm = 3.99 Hrs
2
70.00 C.A AREA = 41.460 Km 1.0 1.00

65.00 tr = 1.00 Hrs 2 . Tr = 1.000 Hrs. 2.0 6.00

1.00 cm RAINFALL EXCESS
60.00 3. QP = 28.510 Cu.m 3.0 19.00
Tp = 3.49 Hrs
2
55.00 4. qp = 0.688 Cu.m/ Km 4.0 28.51

40.00 5. tp = 3.486 Hrs. 5.0 21.00

36.00 6. Tm = 3.99 Hrs. 6.0 14.00

32.00 7. TB = 12.696 Hrs. 7.0 9.00

`
DISCHARGE (CUMECS)

28.00 8. W50 = 3.277 Hrs. 8.0 6.00

24.00 9. W75 = 1.992 Hrs. 9.0 5.00

WR75
W75
20.00 10. WR50 = 1.224 Hrs. 10.0 3.00

16.00 11. WR75 = 0.812 Hrs. 11.0 2.00

W50
WR50
12.00 12.0 0.50

8.00 115

4.00

0.00
TB = 12.696 ∑Q = A x d
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 tr x 0.36
41.46 The two discharges
115cumecs are almost equal.
TIME (HOURS) 0.36
Thus the Unit
Hydrograph is
correctly drawn.
d = Depth of Rainfall = 1.00 cm

tr = Unit Duration in Hours = 1.00 Hrs

11
 MINOR BRIDGE AT DESIGN CH: 195+238
Discharge By area velocity method based on Manning's Formula
Calculation of longitudinal slope
Longitudinal slope has been calculated by fitting an equation to the longitudinal section of river bed to find bed slope by using
Microsoft Excel program.

x y
0 810.087
815
20 807.923
40 808.928 814
60 808.862
813
80 809.054
100 809.405 812
120 808.852
811 y = 0.0083x + 808.29
140 809.862
160 809.649 810
180 808.938
809
200 809.879
220 810.53 808
240 809.629
807
260 809.805 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
280 810.396
300 809.46
320 810.69
340 810.424
360 810.471
380 810.207
400 811.938
420 812.31
440 813.706
440.875 813.768

Longitudinal Section of River

Hence, Longitudinal slope (s) = 0.0083

Calculation of flood discharge at different cross sections

Flood discharge Q = A*V
where, A is area of cross section in sq m
V is the velocity of water in m/sec considered uniform throughout cross section
V= (1/n)*R2/3*S1/2
where, R is the hydraulic mean depth = A/P
S is the energy slope which may be taken as bed slope measured reasonably long stretch
n is co-efficient of roughness
P is wetted perimeter in m
i) Calculation of flood discharge through cross section of river at bridge location
HFL = 811.306 m
Mean
Difference in
Mean bed Depth of depth of Section at
Distance level b/w
Bed level level b/w water from water b/w area "X Wetted
Distance (m) "X" in X*Z adjacent X2 Y2
(m) adjacent HFL to adjacent D". In Perimeter
meter point "Y"(in
pt. Z(m) LBL pt. "D" in Sqm
m)
meter

-15 811.847
-14.793 811.696 811.772
-9.051 811.385 811.541
-8.38 810.946 811.166 0.140 0.070 0.671 0.047 544.292 0.140 0.450241 0.020 0.686
-8.087 810.758 810.852 0.454 0.297 0.293 0.087 237.580 0.313 0.085849 0.098 0.429
-6.851 810.066 810.412 0.894 0.674 1.236 0.833 1001.669 0.440 1.527696 0.194 1.312
-6.083 809.671 809.869 1.438 1.166 0.768 0.895 621.979 0.543 0.589824 0.295 0.941
-5.723 809.658 809.665 1.641 1.539 0.36 0.554 291.479 0.204 0.1296 0.042 0.414
-3.276 809.306 809.482 1.824 1.733 2.447 4.240 1980.802 0.183 5.987809 0.033 2.454
-2.119 809.623 809.465 1.842 1.833 1.157 2.120 936.550 0.017 1.338649 0.000 1.157
3.115 809.337 809.480 1.826 1.834 5.234 9.598 4236.818 -0.015 27.394756 0.000 5.234
3.942 809.64 809.489 1.818 1.822 0.827 1.507 669.447 -0.008 0.683929 0.000 0.827
5.229 810.012 809.826 1.480 1.649 1.287 2.122 1042.246 -0.338 1.656369 0.114 1.331
7.454 811.474 810.743 0.563 1.022 2.225 2.273 1803.903 -0.917 4.950625 0.841 2.407
14.345 811.583 811.529
15 811.562 811.573

Total Area 24.277 Total Perimeter 17.190

Br Cross section
812
Ground Levels (m)

811

810

809
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance (m) CROSS SECTION OF BED Series2

= A*V Cumecs
where A = Area m2
V = Velocity m/sec
= (1/n)
where n = Rugrosity coefficient
R = Hydraulic mean radius
S = Longitudinal Slope
Referring SP 13. table 5.1 (sl.no.6) for lower stages, ineffective slope and stoney sections.
n = 0.055
Hydraulic Mean Radius, R = Wetted Area/Wetted Perimeter
R = A/P
R = 1.41222011 m
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0083
Velocity, V=(1/n)*(S)1/2*(R)2/3 = 2.09 m/sec
Discharge, Q= A*V = 50.62 Cumecs

12
ii) Calculation of flood discharge through cross section of river at U/S
HFL = 811.763 m
Mean
Difference in
Mean bed Depth of depth of Section at
Distance level b/w
Bed level level b/w water from water b/w area "X Wetted
Distance (m) "X" in X*Z adjacent X2 Y2
(m) adjacent HFL to adjacent D". In Perimeter
meter point "Y"(in
pt. Z(m) LBL pt. "D" in Sqm
m)
meter
-15 811.717
-11.936 811.776 811.747
-8.161 810.913 811.345 0.418 0.209 3.775 0.789 3062.825 0.418 14.250625 0.175 3.798
-5.374 811.119 811.016 0.746 0.582 2.787 1.623 2260.302 0.328 7.767369 0.108 2.806
-1.579 809.642 810.381 1.382 1.064 3.795 4.039 3075.394 0.636 14.402025 0.404 3.848
-0.211 809.405 809.524 2.239 1.811 1.368 2.477 1107.428 0.857 1.871424 0.734 1.614
5.095 810.682 810.044 1.719 1.979 5.306 10.501 4298.091 -0.520 28.153636 0.270 5.331
7.886 811.253 810.968 0.795 1.257 2.791 3.508 2263.410 -0.924 7.789681 0.854 2.940
8.89 811.577 811.415 0.348 0.571 1.004 0.574 814.661 -0.447 1.008016 0.200 1.099
15 811.976 811.777

Total Area 23.510 Total Perimeter 21.437

Cross Section of Stream at U/S

Cross section
812
Ground Levels (m)

811

810

809
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance (m) Series1 Series2

Discharge, Q = A*V Cumecs

where = A Area m2
= V Velocity m/sec
From Manning's formula we have V = (1/n)
where n = Rugrosity coefficient
R = Hydraulic mean radius
S = Longitudinal Slope
Referring SP 13. table 5.1 (sl.no.6) for lower stages, ineffective slope and stoney sections.
n = 0.055
Hydraulic Mean Radius, R = Wetted Area/Wetted Perimeter
R = A/P
R = 1.09668321 m
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0083
Velocity, V=(1/n)*(S)1/2*(R)2/3 = 1.76 m/sec
Discharge, Q= A*V = 41.41 Cumecs

iii) Calculation of flood discharge through cross section of river at D/S

HFL = 811.265 m
Mean
Difference in
Mean bed Depth of depth of Section at
Distance level b/w
Bed level level b/w water from water b/w area "X Wetted
Distance (m) "X" in X*Z adjacent X2 Y2
(m) adjacent HFL to adjacent D". In Perimeter
meter point "Y"(in
pt. Z(m) LBL pt. "D" in Sqm
m)
meter
-15 811.77
-10.888 810.839 811.305
-6.95 810.148 810.494 0.771 0.385 3.938 1.518 3191.723 0.771 15.507844 0.594 4.013
-0.438 809.6 809.874 1.390 1.081 6.512 7.038 5273.899 0.620 42.406144 0.384 6.541
0.136 809.207 809.404 1.861 1.626 0.574 0.933 464.598 0.471 0.329476 0.221 0.742
0.559 809.482 809.345 1.920 1.891 0.423 0.800 342.353 0.059 0.178929 0.003 0.427
2.362 809.159 809.321 1.944 1.932 1.803 3.483 1459.205 0.024 3.250809 0.001 1.803
2.945 809.386 809.273 1.992 1.968 0.583 1.147 471.806 0.048 0.339889 0.002 0.585
5.425 810.334 809.860 1.405 1.698 2.48 4.212 2008.453 -0.587 6.1504 0.345 2.549
5.61 810.484 810.409 0.856 1.130 0.185 0.209 149.926 -0.549 0.034225 0.301 0.579
9.249 810.204 810.344 0.920 0.888 3.639 3.231 2948.842 0.065 13.242321 0.004 3.640
9.615 810.005 810.105 1.160 1.040 0.366 0.381 296.498 0.240 0.133956 0.057 0.437
12.289 810.392 810.199 1.066 1.113 2.674 2.976 2166.471 -0.094 7.150276 0.009 2.676
15 811.364 810.878 0.386 0.726 2.711 1.969 2198.290 -0.680 7.349521 0.462 2.795

Total Area 27.897 Total Perimeter 26.787

Cross Section of Stream at D/s

Cross section
812
Ground Levels (m)

811

810

809

808
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance (m) Series1 Series2

Discharge, Q = A*V Cumecs

where = A Area m2
= V Velocity m/sec
From Manning's formula we have V = (1/n)
where n = Rugrosity coefficient
R = Hydraulic mean radius
S = Longitudinal Slope
Referring SP 13. table 5.1 (sl.no.6) for lower stages, ineffective slope and stoney sections.
n = 0.055
Hydraulic Mean Radius, R = Wetted Area/Wetted Perimeter
R = A/P
R = 1.041 m
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0083
Velocity, V=(1/n)*(S)1/2*(R)2/3 = 1.70 m/sec
Discharge, Q= A*V = 47.48 Cumecs

Discharge from Area velocity is taken as highest of all three discharges

Discharge, Q = 50.62 Cumecs

13
 BRIDGE AT KM 195+238

Discharges by Different Methods

1 Run off Formula

Q = 0.028 X P X fX A X Ic Cumecs

= 79.400 Cumecs

2 Ryves Formula

Q = 119.790 Cumecs

3 Unit Hydrograph Method

Q = 172.668 Cumecs

4 Mannings's Formula

Q = 50.617 Cumecs

Design Discharge (Qd)

Qd = 172.668 Cumecs

14
 HFL Check for safely carrying Design Discharge At Design CH: 195+238

Calculation of longitudinal slope

Longitudinal slope has been calculated by fitting an equation to the longitudinal section of river bed to find bed slope by using
Microsoft Excel program.

x y
0 810.087
815
20 807.923
40 808.928 814
60 808.862
813
80 809.054
100 809.405 812
120 808.852
811 y = 0.0083x + 808.29
140 809.862
160 809.649 810
180 808.938
809
200 809.879
220 810.53 808
240 809.629
807
260 809.805 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
280 810.396
300 809.46
320 810.69
340 810.424
360 810.471
380 810.207
400 811.938
420 812.31
440 813.706
440.875 813.768

Longitudinal Section of River

Hence, Longitudinal slope (s) = 0.0083

Calculation of flood discharge at different cross sections

Flood discharge Q = A*V
where, A is area of cross section in sq m
V is the velocity of water in m/sec considered uniform throughout cross section
V= (1/n)*R2/3*S1/2
where, R is the hydraulic mean depth = A/P
S is the energy slope which may be taken as bed slope measured reasonably long stretch
n is co-efficient of roughness
P is wetted perimeter in m
i) Calculation of flood discharge through cross section of river at bridge location
HFL = 812.701 m
Mean
Difference in
Mean bed Depth of depth of Section at
Distance level b/w
Bed level level b/w water from water b/w area "X Wetted
Distance (m) "X" in X*Z adjacent X2 Y2
(m) adjacent HFL to adjacent D". In Perimeter
meter point "Y"(in
pt. Z(m) LBL pt. "D" in Sqm
m)
meter

-15 811.847
-14.793 811.696 811.772 0.929 0.465 0.207 0.096 168.037 0.929 0.042849 0.864 0.952
-9.051 811.385 811.541 1.160 1.045 5.742 6.000 4659.866 0.231 32.970564 0.053 5.747
-8.38 810.946 811.166 1.535 1.348 0.671 0.905 544.292 0.375 0.450241 0.141 0.769
-8.087 810.758 810.852 1.849 1.692 0.293 0.496 237.580 0.313 0.085849 0.098 0.429
-6.851 810.066 810.412 2.289 2.069 1.236 2.557 1001.669 0.440 1.527696 0.194 1.312
-6.083 809.671 809.869 2.832 2.561 0.768 1.967 621.979 0.543 0.589824 0.295 0.941
-5.723 809.658 809.665 3.036 2.934 0.36 1.056 291.479 0.204 0.1296 0.042 0.414
-3.276 809.306 809.482 3.219 3.128 2.447 7.654 1980.802 0.183 5.987809 0.033 2.454
-2.119 809.623 809.465 3.236 3.228 1.157 3.735 936.550 0.017 1.338649 0.000 1.157
3.115 809.337 809.480 3.221 3.229 5.234 16.899 4236.818 -0.015 27.394756 0.000 5.234
3.942 809.64 809.489 3.213 3.217 0.827 2.660 669.447 -0.008 0.683929 0.000 0.827
5.229 810.012 809.826 2.875 3.044 1.287 3.917 1042.246 -0.338 1.656369 0.114 1.331
7.454 811.474 810.743 1.958 2.417 2.225 5.377 1803.903 -0.917 4.950625 0.841 2.407
14.345 811.583 811.529 1.173 1.565 6.891 10.786 5592.243 -0.786 47.485881 0.617 6.936
15 811.562 811.573 1.129 1.151 0.655 0.754 531.580 -0.044 0.429025 0.002 0.656

Total Area 58.762 Total Perimeter 24.866

Br Cross section
813
Ground Levels (m)

812

811

810

809
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance (m) CROSS SECTION OF BED Series2

= A*V Cumecs
where A = Area m2
V = Velocity m/sec
= (1/n)
where n = Rugrosity coefficient
R = Hydraulic mean radius
S = Longitudinal Slope
Referring SP 13. table 5.1 (sl.no.6) for lower stages, ineffective slope and stoney sections.
n = 0.055
Hydraulic Mean Radius, R = Wetted Area/Wetted Perimeter
R = A/P
R = 2.36318963 m
Longitudinal Slope, S = 0.0083
Velocity, V=(1/n)*(S)1/2*(R)2/3 = 2.94 m/sec
Discharge, Q= A*V = 172.692 Cumecs

15
 CALCULATION OF AFFLUX:

For streams with non-erodable beds the afflux may be worked out by Molesworth formula:

a = Section of river at obstruction in sq.m

L = 16.84 (L=1x16.84)
Avg. water depth = 2.535 m
a = 42.7 sq.m

h = Afflux in m
v = velocity in unobstructed stream in m/s = 2.94
A = Unobstructed sectional Area of river in sq.m = 58.76
a = Section of river at obstruction in sq.m = 42.69

h = 0.446 m

16
 BRIDGE AT KM 195+238
CALCULATION OF SCOUR DEPTH:

Chainage (km) 195+238

HFL 813.147
Q (cumecs) 172.668
Silt Factor (Ksf or f) 1.190
Qd = 1.3 x Q (IRC 78: cl.703.1) 224.468
Effective Linear Waterway ( Le ) (m) 16.840
Regime Width , W' = 4.8 x (Qd^ 0.5) (m) 71.915

By IRC - 5
Db = Qd / MIN(W',Le) (cumecs/m) 13.329

Mean Depth of Scour (m) , Dsm = 1.34 x [(Db2/Ksf)^(1/3)] 7.109

By IRC SP - 13
Normal Scour Depth (m), D =0.473 x [(Qd/f)^(1/3)] 2.713
IF (Le < W') , Modified Scour Depth (m), D' = D x
6.576
[(W'/Le)^0.61]

RECOMMENDATIONS
Final Recommended mean scour depth, dsmf = Max(Dsm, D')
= 7.109

For Abutments

Maximum Scour Depth Below HFL, dsma = 1.27 * dsmf = 9.028

For Piers

= 14.218
Maximum Scour Depth Below HFL, dsmp = 2.0 * dsmf

17
 Chainage

195+238
(sq.km) Catchment Area

41.46
L

(km)

18.29
H

(m)

99.00 Tc( Time of

(Hr)
4.637
concentration
Ic(Critical intensity
(mm/hr) of rainfall) =
2.68

(Io(2/(tc+1));
P (Co-efficient of
0.30

run-off)

Q(Design
(cumecs)
Discharge)
172.668
1

(m) Depth
9

(m) Width
Note:1 The Affluxed HFL of 813.147m should be used for design.

slope
Side
1:1

(H:V)

Slope
0.0083

(sq.m.)
55.44
A
P

(m)
20.88
R

(m)
2.66

18
(m) dw(Design depth)
4.20

2 The Vertical clearance of 0.9m must be provided above HFL according to clause 106.8 of IRC:5-2015.

(m/s)
3.18
V

Qc(Discharge
(cumecs)
carrying capacity)
176.148
OPEN CHANNEL DESIGN CALCULATION DATA

Summary of Hydraulic Parameters for bridges:Magadi

(m) Min Span

16.65

Bed Elev.Below
(m)
bridge)
809.614

DWHL(Design
(m)
HFL)
812.701

Local
(m) enquiry/recorded
811.306

HFL

(m) Afflux
0.446

(m) Affluxed HFL

813.147

Min level of soffit

(m)
(HFL+Clearence)
814.047

Remarks