Chapter 15

1. Define language attitudes.

2. Differentiate between the two types of prestige.

3. Why is the attitude towards New Zealand English change by the turn of the century?
4. Why did the term ‘Ebonics’ popularised in 1990s?
5. What is the reason that cause working-class children to use vernacular forms?
6. What are the crucial factors to change the speech of children who use vernacular
forms?
7. Why do vocabulary range of middle-class children differ from working class children?
8. What is phonetic analysis?
9. What is the strategy used by lawyers that can disadvantage witnesses in court case?

Chapter 16
1. Define sociolinguistic competence and explain two aspects of sociolinguistic
competence.

2. List down four dimensions of sociolinguistic analysis.

3. Which of the statements below is incorrect?

a. All speech communities have linguistic means of distinguishing different social
relationship.
b. All speech communities have linguistic means of distinguishing different
contextual style.
c. All speech communities have linguistic means of distinguishing different genders.
d. All speech communities have linguistic means of expressing basic speech
function.

Chapter 15
1. Language attitudes are opinions, ideas and prejudices that speakers have with respect to
a language
2. Overt Prestige is the standard variety in a community while covert prestige is the
positive attitudes towards vernacular or non-standard speech varieties.
3. It is due to a high level of education and a high-status job is associated with an accent
closer to RP than to broad New Zealand English.
4. It was revived as a language system and used as bridge to learning Standard English in
school
5. Due to attitudinal, because they want to express and construct their identity
6. Motivation and free choice
7. Children who use those words with familiarity and confidence are more likely to
succeed in exams which require knowledge of such vocabulary meanwhile working-class
children tend to develop a different range of vocabulary which is of great value in their
daily lives but of little relevance in understanding the materials in textbook
8. It provides provide information on regional and social accent which has often assisted in
eliminating crime suspects
9. The common usage of passive voice and intransitive verbs by lawyers, agent has
disappeared, and focus has shifted to victim and the syntactic form of a question also
limits the range of permissible answers.
Chapter 16
1. Linguistic competence which refers to the knowledge of language of the ‘ideal speaker-
hearer in a completely homogenous speech community. Next, the two aspects of
sociolinguistic competence are language shift and social identities.
2. The four dimensions of sociolinguistic analysis are solidarity of social distance, status or
power, formality and function
3. C