TP - 5562e - July 2013 - Navigation Cadet Training Program PDF

TP 5562E
(07/2013)
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING

PROGRAM
Responsible Authority Approval
The Director, Marine Personnel

Standards, Pilotage and Medicine is
responsible for this document, Capt. Naim Nazha
including any change, correction, or Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage
and Medicine
update. Marine Safety and Security
Date signed: __________________________________
Original Date Issued: October 1998 Date Revised: July 2013
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Transport, 2013.
Permission is granted, by Transport Canada, to copy this TP 5562E as required. While use of
this material has been authorized, Transport Canada shall not be responsible for the manner in which the
information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This TP 5562E may not be updated to reflect
amendments made to the original content. For up-to-date information, contact Transport Canada.
TP 5562E
(07/2013)
NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM TP 5562 E
PAGE 3 OF 164
DOCUMENT INFORMATION
Title Nautical Cadet Training Program
TP No. 5562E Revision 1 RDIMS # 4294605
Catalogue No. ISBN/ISSN
Originator Marine Personnel Standards, Telephone 613-991-3120
Pilotage and Medicine (AMSP) Fax
Tower C, Place de Ville 613-990-1538
330 Sparks St., 8th floor E-mail MarineSafety@tc.gc.ca
Ottawa, ON URL http://www.tc.gc.ca/MarineSafety
K1A 0N9
REVISIONS
Revision Date of Issue Affected Pages Author(s) Brief Description of Change

No.
1 July 2013 All AMSPN Comprehensive revision required

following the entry into force of the
Canada Shipping Act 2001, the
Marine Personnel Regulations and
the International Convention on
Standards of Training, Certification
and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
1978, as amended in 2010 (STCW
2010)
PAGE 4 OF 164
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 PURPOSE ..........................................................................................................................6

1.2 EFFECTIVE DATE ...........................................................................................................6
1.3 AUTHORITY ....................................................................................................................6
1.4 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................7
1.5 RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................7
1.6 STCW CONVENTION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................9
1.7 TRAINING AND THE STCW CONVENTION .............................................................10
1.8 COURSE AND PROGRAM APPROVAL......................................................................12
1.9 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................14
1.10 PROGRAM QUALITY ...................................................................................................14
1.11 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) .............................................................14
1.12 AUDIT OF RECOGNIZED INSTITUTIONS ................................................................14
1.13 INSTITUTION COORDINATOR...................................................................................16
1.14 AUDITORS INTERIM AND FINAL REPORT .............................................................16
1.15 PROGRAM POLICY ......................................................................................................17
1.16 IMPLEMENTATION OF NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING PROGRAM ...................17
1.17 ADMISSIONS AND PASS/FAIL CRITERIA ................................................................18
1.18 ENTRY STANDARDS ...................................................................................................19
1.19 CLASS SIZE LIMITATIONS .........................................................................................19
1.20 ATTENDANCE ...............................................................................................................20
1.21 ADMINISTRATION AND INVIGILATION OF EXAMINATION ..............................20
1.22 INVIGILATION RULES ................................................................................................20
1.23 REVIEW AND APPEAL PROCESS ..............................................................................21
1.24 TEXTBOOKS ..................................................................................................................21
1.25 ACADEMIC SUBJECTS ................................................................................................21
1.26 ISSUING OF TRANSPORT CANADA TRAINING CERTIFICATES .........................22
1.27 SCHEDULING RECOMMENDED BY IMO .................................................................22
1.28 IDENTIFICATION OF SUBJECT AREAS ....................................................................23
1.29 PROGRAM OUTLINE....................................................................................................25
1.30 SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES .........................................................................27
1.31 ALLOCATION OF TEACHING HOURS ......................................................................29
1.32 ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS .............................................................................................29
1.33 INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF .............................................................................................30
1.34 ONBOARD TRAINING..................................................................................................31
1.35 CADET ONBOARD TRAINING RECORD BOOK ......................................................34
1.36 APPROVED TRAINING ................................................................................................35
1.37 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................35
PAGE 5 OF 164
2 NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING CURRICULUM ..................................... 37
2.1 ACADEMICAL SUBJECTS ...........................................................................................37

2.1.1 MATHEMATICS ............................................................................................................37
2.1.2 PHYSIC SCIENCE ..........................................................................................................38
2.1.3 TECHNICAL WRITING .................................................................................................39
2.1.4 ELECTRONICS (OPTIONAL) .......................................................................................39
2.2 TECHNICAL SUBJECTS ...............................................................................................40
NAUTICAL SUBJECTS, AT THE WATCHKEEPING MATE LEVEL: .....................................40
2.2.1 COMMUNICATIONS, LEVEL 1 (COM 1) ...................................................................40
2.2.2 COMMUNICATIONS, LEVEL 2 (COM 2) ...................................................................42
2.2.3 CHARTWORK AND PILOTAGE, LEVEL 2 (C&P 2) ..................................................43
2.2.4 NAVIGATION SAFETY, LEVEL 1 (NS 1) ..................................................................49
2.2.5 METEOROLOGY, LEVEL 1 (MET 1) ...........................................................................52
2.2.6 SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND STABILITY, LEVEL 4 (SCS 4) ..................................58
2.2.7 CARGO, LEVEL 2 (CG 2) ..............................................................................................69
2.2.8 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE, LEVEL 3 (GSK 3) ...................................................79
2.2.9 CELESTIAL NAVIGATION, LEVEL 2 (ASTRO 2) .....................................................89
2.2.10 ELECTRONIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS ....................................................................96
2.2.11 ORAL EXAMINATION ON GENERAL SEAMANSHIP (OOW-O) .........................105
NAUTICAL SUBJECTS AT THE CHIEF MATE LEVEL: .........................................................112
2.2.12 NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS (NS&I) ........................................112
2.2.13 METEOROLOGY, LEVEL 2 (MET 2) .........................................................................118
2.2.14 CARGO, LEVEL 3 (CG 3) ............................................................................................123
2.2.15 SHIP MANAGEMENT, LEVEL 3 (SM 3) ...................................................................147
2.2.16 ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, LEVEL 2 (EK 2) .....................................................157
PAGE 6 OF 164
1. GENERAL
1.1 PURPOSE
1) This document is intended for the guidance of Recognized Institutions wishing to
institute a post-secondary course in marine technology – nautical science, leading
to examinations pursuant to the Marine Personnel Regulations (MPR).
2) The purpose of the Navigation Cadet Training Program is to assist the marine
colleges, as well as Recognized Institutions, and their teaching staff in organizing
and introducing new training courses, enhancing, up-dating or supplementing
existing training material, where the quality and effectiveness of the training
courses may thereby be improved in order to meet international requirements
described in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Model course
No. 7.03 – Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch.
3) This document is to provide information to marine schools and colleges outlining
the requirements of the program, before approval can be granted by Marine Safety
and Security
1.2 EFFECTIVE DATE

This document has entered into force on July 1, 2013.
1.3 AUTHORITY
1) The Marine Personnel Regulations (SOR/2007-115), made pursuant to the Canada
Shipping Act, 2001 (2001, c. 26).
2) As Canada is party to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
(STCW) Convention, Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security is required
under Regulation I/8 - Quality Standards to institute a Quality Management System
in all training, assessment of competence, and issuance and revalidation activities
with respect to the certification of marine personnel.
3) Responsibilities within Marine Safety and Security as they relate specifically to the
functions of training and certification of seafarers in Canada, are laid out in the
Quality Management Manual, section QMS-INF-01, Organizational Chart and
described in section 1.1 of this publication.
4) The audit and approval of schools, personnel and marine training courses is defined
in the standards of Quality Management Manual Marine Personnel Standards and
Pilotage, which is incorporated by reference in
a) Paragraph 35(1) (d) of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001.
b) Section 114 of the Marine Personnel Regulations.
c) TP 2293 - The Examination and Certification of Seafarers.
PAGE 7 OF 164
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1) Training Certificate has the same meaning as in the Marine Personnel Regulations.
2) Graduation Diploma means the document issued by a Recognized Institution on
successful completion of a full program of study.
3) Approved Training Course and Approved Training Program have the same
meaning as in the Marine Personnel Regulations.
4) Recognized Institution has the same meaning as in the Marine Personnel
Regulations.
5) The Director refers to the Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and
Medicine.
1.5 RESPONSIBILITIES
1) Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security
The responsibility of Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security is to ensure that
ships' officers are competent to perform their shipboard duties in order to ensure
the safety of navigation, the protection of life, property, and the marine
environment.
2) Director General, Marine Safety and Security
The Director General, Marine Safety and Security is responsible for reporting to the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) on the status of the Quality
Management System in accordance with the requirements of Regulation I/8 of the
STCW Convention.
3) Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine
The Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine is responsible to

the Director General, Marine Safety and Security for the establishment,
maintenance, and operation of the training and certification functions. These
functions include:
a) fulfilling Marine Safety and Security’s responsibilities with regard to

international agreements ILO/IMO;
b) revising policies to reflect new technology and the changing needs of
stakeholders, seafarers and ship operators;
PAGE 8 OF 164
c) maintaining the integrity of the marine personnel training and certification

functions in Canada. The Director, acting on behalf of the Minister, is
responsible for approving marine training courses and programs in
accordance with Quality Management manual, AUD-02, Section 3;
d) training and evaluation of examiners at Headquarters;
e) ensuring the regular audits of the Recognized Institutions;
f) preparing reports to the IMO on the status of the QMS; and
g) approving the training of examiners and recommending their designation by
the Director-General, Marine Safety and Security
4) Manager, Nautical Certification and Pilotage
The Manager, Nautical Certification and Pilotage is responsible for:
a) implementing the QMS policy through amendments to standards, operating

procedures, instructions and publications;
b) maintaining the integrity of marine training examination and certification
functions;
c) defining the training standards for nautical programs;
d) updating the examination content to reflect current usage and technology;
e) providing guidance to nautical examiners through the Instructions to
Examiners;
f) reviewing, approving and monitoring nautical courses and programs that are
delivered by the recognized institutions;
g) training and ongoing evaluation of examiners; and
h) resolving issues of interpretation with regard to regulatory requirements,
policies, and procedures.
5) Regional Directors Marine Safety and Security
Regional Directors, Marine Safety and Security are responsible for:
a) providing the human and financial resources necessary to the maintenance of

seafarers’ examination and certification functions, as well as supporting the
QMS by assisting HQ in auditing Recognized Institutions when possible;
b) arranging the training of Marine Safety and Security inspectors in order to
provide sufficient examiners to meet the demand for examinations and
certification of seafarers;
c) recommending the designation of qualified examiners.
PAGE 9 OF 164
6) Recognized Institutions
Recognized Institutions are responsible to Transport Canada for:
a) the development, delivery and maintenance of approved programs and

courses as described in the relevant Transport Canada Publications, as listed
in the reference in Section 1.37;
b) the evaluation of students against agreed course objectives leading to
examination credits;
c) the endorsements of cadet on-board training records books;
d) the issuance of training certificates to candidates who successfully completed
an approved course or program; and
e) the implementation and maintenance of an internal Quality Management
System.
1.6 STCW CONVENTION REQUIREMENTS

1) Canada’s accession to the STCW Convention means that all marine approved
training courses and programs must be delivered and monitored through a Quality
Management System (QMS). STCW Regulation I/8 require that the QMS include
at least the following processes:
a) course and program approval;
b) instructor approval;
c) training institution approval;
d) documentation review; and
e) audits of Recognized Institutions.
2) The objectives are to ensure that:

a) all approved courses and programs are:
i. offered at premises having appropriate facilities,
ii. properly designed to cater to industry needs, and
iii. delivered by qualified personnel;
b) students in the program are fairly evaluated; and

c) the structure of the learning system and the learning methods improve with
experience.
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1.7 TRAINING AND THE STCW CONVENTION

1) In developing TP 5562 Transport Canada adopted the standards of competence that
have to be met by seafarers as described in Part A of the STCW Code in the
Standards of Training, Certification and the Watchkeeping for Seafarers
Convention, as amended. The training is based on guidelines in IMO Model course
No. 7.03.
2) The IMO Model course is organized under three levels of responsibility:
Function 1 Navigation at the operational level

Function 2 Cargo handling and stowage at the operational level
Function 3 Controlling the operation of the ship and care for the persons on
board at the operational level.
3) Each function is addressed in three parts:
Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives
and notes on the suggested teaching facilities and equipment.
Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the
course.
Part C provides the detailed teaching syllabus based on the theoretical and
practical knowledge specified in the STCW Code.
4) The STCW Convention, as amended in 2010 included the following competences

concerning officers in charge of a navigational watch:
a) Plan and conduct a passage and determine position;

b) Maintain a safe navigational watch;
c) Use of radar and ARPA to maintain safety of navigation;
d) Respond to emergencies;
e) Respond to a distress signal at sea;
f) Use the Standard Marine Vocabulary;
g) Transmit and receive information by visual signalling;
h) Manoeuvre the ship;
i) Monitor the loading, stowage, securing care during the voyage and the
unloading of cargoes;
j) Inspect and report defects and damage to cargo spaces, hatch covers and
ballast tanks;
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k) Ensure compliance with pollution-prevention requirements;

l) Maintain seaworthiness of the ship;
m) Prevent, control and fight fires on board;
n) Operate lifesaving appliances;
o) Apply medical first aid on board ship; and
p) Monitor compliance with legislative requirements.
5) The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the

STCW Code. Mandatory provisions concerning Training and Assessment are given in
Section A-1/6 of the STCW Code.
These provisions cover:
a) Qualifications of instructors;
b) Qualifications of supervisors and assessors;
c) In-service training;
d) Assessment of competence; and
e) Training and assessment within an institution.
6) The corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance on

training and assessment.
7) The criteria for evaluating competence of officers in charge of a navigational watch
specified in the minimum standard of competence tables of Part A of the STCW Code
are to be used in the assessment of all competences listed in those tables.
8) Specifically, this course covers the minimum standard of competence for officers in
charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more, as defined in
Regulation II/1 of the STCW Convention, Section A-II/1 and Table A-II/1 of the
STCW Code, in Regulation VIII/2 of the STCW Convention and Chapter VIII of the
STCW Code.
PAGE 12 OF 164
1.8 COURSE AND PROGRAM APPROVAL

1) Submission for Approval
a) The recognized institution must submit its course or program proposal to the
Director for approval. The proposal must cover all the topics in the relevant
standards or TP document, as amended from time to time. A detailed outline
must be prepared in a learning objective format, explaining the depth of
knowledge required and the means by which students demonstrate the
knowledge, skills or competency achieved.
The method of preparing the course or program must be explained, along
with hours of instruction, the various course elements and assessment
methods.
b) The recognized institution must provide its publications containing the list of
courses that it offers and the diplomas that it grants, as well as general
information on the Institution such as campus description, services to
students and available activities, so as to describe its full range of activities
and show how its work complies with the Marine program described in this
standard.
c) For a program that is of duration of 36 months or more, the Institution which
teaches that program will advise their students that, as set out in the Marine
Personnel Regulations, they will receive sea service and exam credits only if
they successfully complete the entire program.
2) Provisional Approval
The proposed course or program will be given a preliminary assessment by the
Manager, Nautical Certification based on the criteria set out in this document. The
Director or designated representative will issue a letter of provisional approval
indicating additional requirements prior to formal audit and final approval.
3) Course and Program Audit and Approval
a) Following the provisional approval, at a time agreed upon by TCMSS and the
Institution an examiner/auditor will visit the Institution in order to carry out a
detailed evaluation of the course or program.
b) The assessment will be carried out during delivery of the course at the
Institution so that course presentation can be observed and the administration
and delivery process for the course can be evaluated. If the course is in
accordance with the Marine Personnel Regulations, formal approval will be
given via letter from the Director or designated representative.
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4) Instructor Evaluation and Approval
a) Qualifications
i. The learning activity must be delivered by an instructor who is suitably
qualified and experienced in nautical subjects. The instructor at the
watchkeeping mate level must hold at least a Chief Mate, Near Coastal or
Master, Near Coastal Certificate of Competency or equivalent. The
instructor at the Chief Mate level must hold at least a Master, Near
Coastal or Master Mariner Certificate of Competency or equivalent. The
instructor is to be familiar with the present TP and approval documents
and process. For courses that are not marine-related, the qualifications
and experience of the instructor must be related to the subject being
taught, and will be assessed in accordance with applicable program
standards.
ii. In the case of specialized marine training courses (Marine Emergency
Duty, Simulated Electronic Navigation, Tanker Safety, Passenger Safety
etc.) the main course instructor, in addition to holding qualifications for
teaching, must have undergone training as an assistant instructor for two
courses and must then have taught a third course under the supervision of
a main course instructor. A testimonial of training for all instructors
signed by the main instructor will be required by TCMSS.
b) Experience and Teaching Qualifications
i. All instructors must have experience in course and curriculum
development or have attended a course on this subject. Program or
course instructors must hold teaching qualifications incorporating
training in instructional techniques, educational technology and
evaluation methods. These qualifications may be obtained in one of the
following ways:
a) through a federal government department in Canada, or an
overseas government which operates a recognized teacher
training program;
b) through a provincially accredited post-secondary education
institution in Canada; or
c) through a firm in Canada which is recognized by a provincial
government or by the federal government, and which is engaged
in providing education and training or educational technology
consulting services.
PAGE 14 OF 164
1.9 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1) In order to provide a suitable teaching environment, an institution must be
equipped for all academic, laboratory and practical work required by the marine
training course/program content approved by TC.
2) Up-to-date reference materials and recommended textbooks on Marine
courses/programs and related topics must be available in sufficient number to all
teaching staff and students.
1.10 PROGRAM QUALITY

1) The design of the course or program must follow the IMO Model course format, as
contained in the IMO document Guidance on the implementation of IMO model
courses, or some other format approved by Transport Canada as equivalent.
2) Institutions that wish to be recognized for a Nautical Cadet Training program are to
view the content of the relevant Transport Publication (TP), as the minimum
requirement with respect to equipment, subject areas, and total number of hours of
instruction. The overall program objectives and course goals set out in this TP
represent the minimum requirements. The Institution shall include in its program
all subjects mentioned at Table 1A of section 1.29 and Table 2A of section 1.30 of
the present TP, but it may apportion the content differently on the basis of its
process for continuous improvement and client feedback, in order to keep its
program up to date.
3) The instructor should draw up a lesson plan based on the detailed syllabus
contained in section 2.2 of the present TP. The syllabus of the IMO model course
contains specific reference to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be
used in the course. The syllabus must be laid out in learning objective format and
each objective specifies a required performance or, what the trainee must be able to
do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim to
meet the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate
tables of the STCW Code.
1.11 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS)

The Institution must operate under a QMS that conforms to Regulation I/8 of
the STCW Convention.
1.12 AUDIT OF RECOGNIZED INSTITUTIONS

1) TC’s Auditing of recognized institutions is part of the process of maintaining the
status of approved training courses and programs.
2) The purpose of auditing is to:
a) ensure compliance with the quality standards, management systems and
procedures of the Institution;
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b) assess the effectiveness of learning activities;

c) assess the effectiveness of delivery of course by staff members involved in
these activities;
d) ensure that feedback and other mechanisms are being used to achieve
continuous improvement; and
e) provide information on technical and operational changes that may affect the
Institution.
3) The audit date will be arranged in consultation with the Institution. The audit team
will confirm the scope and the audit schedule and will provide in advance a
checklist to ensure that all operations are reviewed.
4) The audit will begin with an opening meeting at which the lead auditor will explain
the audit scope and procedure. The audit will include a tour of the facility and an
inspection/review of the following:
a) the Institution’s calendars and other general material describing the
Institution, including its policies and mission statement;
b) the Institution’s organization chart, information on the composition of
committees and advisory bodies and on administrative and operating systems,
descriptions of training facilities and equipment, and details of academic and
training strategies;
c) course descriptions and lesson plans including evaluation methods; a specific
check is made to ensure that all required subjects listed in the applicable TP
are covered in the course or program;
d) learning resources centre, including library and computer facilities;
e) qualifications and experience of teachers and teaching support staff; training
opportunities for developing teaching and professional skills; appraisal and
promotions methods;
f) outline of policies and procedures on student admission, development of new
courses and review of existing courses, and staff involvement in research and
development;
g) methods of evaluating students, their entitlement to re-write examinations,
and the process for appeal;
h) student attendance records;
i) the teaching environment in terms of student and teacher interaction, support
for students with academic problems and constructive evaluation methods;
j) counselling and support methods; and
k) for each of the courses, the workload of each teacher, student-teacher ratios,
passing marks, and the industry and student feedback process used to
promote continuous improvement.
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5) The Institution will ensure that the audit team is granted full access to its facilities
and to the items referred to in (4), and that a person is designated to assist the audit
team with such access at all times during the audit.
1.13 INSTITUTION COORDINATOR

1) The Institution will designate an individual to be the coordinator for purposes of
liaison with TCMSS. The coordinator will demonstrate that the facilities and
equipment conform to requirements, and provide lists of teachers and support staff,
student records and other items that may be called for during an audit. The
coordinator will make available course training plans or course descriptions, as
well as details of internal audits conducted by the Institution, and he/she will make
changes as necessary to meet TC requirements. The coordinator will advise the
Director of any changes to facilities, teaching staff and teaching materials as they
occur.
2) The Institution will ensure that the coordinator keeps detailed records of internal
audits for at least five years so that they are available to TC auditors.
1.14 AUDITORS INTERIM AND FINAL REPORT

1) The audit will conclude with a closing meeting with the institution management.
An interim report will be presented describing the audit findings, and the Institution
will be invited to comment. Once the comments have been received, a final report
will be prepared and subsequently submitted to the Institution. The report will:
a) include brief background information about the Institution or training
program;
b) be complete, fair and accurate;
c) describe the evaluation procedure followed;
d) highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Institution;
e) indicate the extent of compliance or non-compliance, non-conformances if
any, and areas for improvement of the course or the Institution with the
requirements of the program standards and the effectiveness of the QMS in
achieving defined objectives;
f) spell out clearly the areas found deficient in relation to the Standards, this
document, and the applicable TP, and offer suggestions for improvement and
provide any other comments the auditors consider relevant;
g) establish time lines within which any areas of non-compliance are to be
corrected by the Institution; and
h) include plans for a follow-up visit in order to verify if any areas of non-
compliance have been addressed.
2) A copy of all corrective actions is to be forwarded to the Director, Marine
Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine within two months of the date of the
audit or the follow-up visit.
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1.15 PROGRAM POLICY

1) The Nautical Cadet Training program is aimed at sustaining the vocational and
professional qualities of sea-going personnel and at the same time augment the
technological knowledge and skills of the officer in charge of a navigational watch.
2) The seafarers, who enter the maritime profession, should be entitled to get the
benefits of up-to-date and relevant education at post secondary level. College
graduates, when educated to a sufficiently high level of knowledge and experienced
in marine technology, will be able to meet the Standards of Training, Certification
and Watchkeeping prescribed by the IMO STCW Convention at the Officer in
charge of the navigational watch level.
3) The size and complexity of modern vessels require highly educated officers with
current knowledge of modern navigation and operation systems.
4) The training envisaged through this program is such, that it will enable the seafarer
to find satisfactory progression at sea, and within the marine industry.
5) The value of the Nautical Cadet Training Program is recognized by IMO and
Transport Canada in such a way that applicants who present the training certificate
from approved cadet training program require only twelve months of sea service
that is part of the approved cadet training program to obtain the Watchkeeping
Mate certificate, while otherwise thirty six months is required. Additionally,
completion and graduation from the program provide some examination credits
towards the Chief Mate certificate, if agreed by TCMSS.
1.16 IMPLEMENTATION OF NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING

PROGRAM
1) According to the IMO model course, the Nautical Cadet Training Program:
a) should be expanded to the greatest degree possible, with the aim of making
the cadet the principal source of deck officers on vessels of significant size
and trade;
b) may, at the discretion of individual colleges, also contain non-technical
courses providing that such courses do not take up an undue proportion of the
time spent in class;
c) must include, as an integral part of the program and to its termination,
planned and monitored on-the-job training on board ship; and
d) will include instruction in core subjects to a higher level than that required for
Watchkeeping Mate certificate examinations.
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2) For the course optimization, the Recognized Institution must provide:

a) Qualified instructors;
b) Support staff;
c) Classrooms and other spaces;
d) Equipment;
e) Suggested references, textbooks, technical papers; and
f) Other reference material.
3) In certain cases the requirements for some or all of the training in a subject are
covered by another IMO Model course, various chapters of TP 2293 – The
Examination and Certification of Seafarers, TP 4957 – Marine Emergency Duties
Courses, TP 4958 – Simulated Electronic Navigation Courses, TP 13008 –
Training Standards for Marine First Aid and Marine Medical Care, etc.; for more
information see list of references in section 1.37.
4) The IMO model course comprises three functions at the operational level. On
successful completion of the training and assessment trainees should be competent
to carry out safely the watchkeeping duties of an officer in charge of a navigational
watch, both at sea, at anchor and in port. In particular, they will be fully conversant
with the basic principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch as per
Regulation VIII/2 of the STCW Convention and Section A-VIII/2 of the STCW
Code.
1.17 ADMISSIONS AND PASS/FAIL CRITERIA

1) There must be a formal admission process for students entering a marine training
program. The students must be qualified for admission on the basis of experience
or previous studies.
2) Evaluation of students must be based on the expected outcomes of the training.
Evaluation methods must be objective. Evidence of knowledge transfer is to be
demonstrated by assignments and examinations. Evidence of skills is to be obtained
through practical demonstrations done to required standards. A marking scheme
must be used. The passing mark must be specified in the course or program
description, and it should correspond to the passing marks required in the
examinations administered by Marine Safety and Security, according to Section
4.3, Chapter 4 of TP 2293 - The Examination and Certification of Seafarers.
- The overall passing mark will be 60% for each academic subject.
- The overall passing mark will be 70% for each marine technical subject.
PAGE 19 OF 164
- The passing grade for the part of the communications examination, level 2
that evaluates knowledge and skills with respect to sending and receiving the
distress signal “SOS” by flashing light is 100 per cent. With respect with the
ability to identify Morse symbols for the alphabet and numerals and the
listing of the single letter signals which may be sounded only in compliance
with the requirements of the International Regulations for preventing
Collisions at sea, the passing grade is 90 per cent.
- The overall passing mark will be of 70% for each specialized training course.
3) If the Institution determines that the nature of the subject requires a higher passing
mark than that specified in subsection (2), or requires a specific frequency of
attendance, this must be clearly stated in the course description. The instructor of
each course must keep attendance and evaluation records.
1.18 ENTRY STANDARDS

1) To be accepted in the Nautical Cadet Training Program, a candidate must meet the
following requirements:
a) at least 16 years of age;
b) medical examination certificate fit for sea service;
c) passing of a sight test in visual acuity and colour perception; and
d) educational standard required would be left to the institution, however, it is
recommended that completion of grade 12 or equivalent would be desirable.
2) Cadet entrants graduated with full-time general education of grade 12 or equivalent
have reached a standard in mathematics and physical science, which would enable
them to undertake the learning as set out in the syllabuses for those subjects.
Topics, which have been adequately covered during their general education, can be
omitted and the allotted time reduced accordingly.
3) Where entrants have not reached the required standard in mathematics or physics
science, it will be necessary to provide a preparatory course or courses to bring
them to the desired level before starting the professional studies.
1.19 CLASS SIZE LIMITATIONS

1) In order to allow the instructor to provide an adequate attention to individual
students, class size must not exceed 24 students per instructor for lectures and
audio-visual presentations. With the approval of Marine Personnel Standards,
Pilotage and Medicine division, a larger number of students may be admitted if
extra staff and tutorial periods are provided to deal with trainees on an individual
basis. Unless sufficient copies are available in a central library, students shall have
their own reference books. Classrooms should be large enough to seat all students
so they can see and hear the instructor.
PAGE 20 OF 164
2) During practical sessions and group activities, there will be additional restraints on
class size. Where applicable, a recommendation on class size is contained in the
frameworks for each of the individual functions.
1.20 ATTENDANCE
The Institution must enunciate and enforce a clear policy on student attendance at classes.
Students must have a minimum of 90% of attendance. Records of attendance must be
maintained.
1.21 ADMINISTRATION AND INVIGILATION OF EXAMINATION

1) All examination papers are to be handled in accordance with the Quality
Management System of the Recognized Institution.
2) All examination-related papers, booklets answer materials and training certificate
forms are to be kept in a secure locked location when not in use.
3) Students for examination must be made aware of the rules to be observed while
sitting an examination before being allowed to commence.
4) The answers shall be written on special marked paper and shall contain the rules of
examination established by the Institution Quality Management System.
5) Any student suspect of cheating or providing information to other students, or
interfering with the examination process, will be handled in accordance with the
Quality Management System of the Recognized Institution.
1.22 INVIGILATION RULES

1) The invigilation of students during an examination is of prime importance and must
be uninterrupted.
2) The instructor must be present while examinations are under way.
3) While an exam is in process, under no circumstances the examination room is be
left unsupervised. The students are to be monitored on continuous basis even when
the instructor is not physically present in the examination room to ensure that the
rules and procedures are observed.
4) The instructors must not be assigned with any other duties which may distract them
from supervising the examination in progress.
5) Only persons authorized by the instructor may enter the examination room during
an examination.
6) In general, a student leaving the examination room for any reason is deemed to
have completed the exam, must hand in all papers, and will not be allowed to
return.
PAGE 21 OF 164
7) At the end of the allotted time, instructors are to gather all questionnaires and
answer papers, including any working papers.
8) Instructors are to ensure that students sitting an examination have clearly marked
each answer sheet with their name, the question number and any other details
required, in such a way as to avoid any possible confusion with respect to the
identification of answer sheets.
1.23 REVIEW AND APPEAL PROCESS

1) Review and appeal process of examinations are to be handled in accordance with
the Quality Management System of the Recognized Institution.
2) A review of an examination paper is to be provided within 14 working days of the
candidate’s request;
3) Upon request, the candidate should be shown his marked examination answer
sheets and be permitted to discuss the reasons for the marks allotted or deducted.
1.24 TEXTBOOKS
1) References to textbooks are made in the IMO Model courses of the individual
subjects to aid both, instructor and trainees, in finding relevant information and to
help in defining the scope and depth of treatment intended.
2) The mention of a particular textbook does not imply that it is essential to use that
book only that it appeared to be best suited to the course at the time of its design.
In many instances, there are a number of suitable books, and instructors are free to
use the best material or the most suited to their circumstances and trainees.
3) New editions of books and teaching material are constantly being produced;
therefore, instructors should always use the latest edition for preparing and running
their courses. Full use should be made of technical papers and other publications
available, such as Transport Publications (TP’s) and other publications from
maritime or other professional organizations. Such papers contain new
developments in techniques, equipment, design, management and opinion and are
an invaluable asset to a maritime training establishment.
1.25 ACADEMIC SUBJECTS

1) There must be alignment between the technical and supporting academic subjects at
all levels in the program.
2) Once the standard has been defined and the progression in the academic subjects is
well defined, some variance and flexibility may be needed to cover special areas of
technical subjects.
3) The program in technical subjects must be drawn up in conjunction with the
training to be undertaken and jobs to be performed at sea, i.e., with the record of
training manual. Every effort should be made to closely align college training and
sea-going experience in navigation subjects.
PAGE 22 OF 164
In view of the widespread use of computers aboard ship, it is recommended that an

element of computer applications be included in the training for officers in charge
of a navigational watch. Cadets should be able to understand the principles of
operation of a computer, basic hardware configuration, connection of printers and
other peripherals, basic knowledge of operating systems, application programs
including communications, word-processing, spreadsheet and database programs,
loading and running programs such as those for cargo loading, stability and stress
calculations and navigational problems.
4) The use of multi-media applications can enhance learning topics such as Collision
Regulations, stability, signalling and other areas of knowledge. Many of the IMO
rules and Assembly Resolutions are available on CD –ROM. Up-to-date
information may be found on the IMO web site at http://www.imo.org and also in
the official Transport Canada web site at: http://tc.gc.ca.
1.26 ISSUING OF TRANSPORT CANADA TRAINING CERTIFICATES

1) A Recognized Institution will provide the specialized courses listed at Table 2A of
section 1.30 in its program and may provide in addition, specialized courses listed
at Table 2B of section 1.30. The institution will arrange for TCMSS examiner’s
evaluation of candidates where required and issue the applicable Transport Canada
training certificates for the courses in addition to the institution’s diploma.
2) Successful students must be issued a Transport Canada training certificate for each
specialized training course and program taken, indicating hours of instruction.
Training certificates are to be signed by the Director of the recognized institution or
in his/her absence, by the nominee, who have been duly approved and authorized
by TC. The Institution must retain a copy of the training certificate. A copy of form
82-0634 – Report of students having successfully completed an approved course
duly completed, accompanied by a copy of each TC training certificate issued to
successful students to be sent to the Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage
and Medicine.
1.27 SCHEDULING RECOMMENDED BY IMO

1) Factors governing the scheduling of the program are:
a) the program should consist of a minimum of twenty-four months of
instructions interspersed with a minimum of twelve months of sea service;
PAGE 23 OF 164
b) the student may attempt the Bridge Watch Rating certificate of competency
after completion with success of the content of TP 10936 – Bridge Watch
Rating training course, providing the student has completed at least two
months of sea service performing deck duties involving the performance of
functions and duties with navigational watchkeeping including steering duties
carried out under the direct supervision of the master, the officer of the
navigational watch or a qualified rating on board one or more vessels of at
least 150 gross tonnage while the vessels are engaged on voyages other than
sheltered waters and has completed the on board training record book for
ratings forming part of a navigational watch. In order to obtain the certificate
of competency, the cadet is also to meet all requirements of section 171 of the
Marine Personnel Regulations.
c) the sea service for the Watchkeeping Mate certificate should be in three
phases - during the first phase, the student should become familiar with
shipboard routine and the duties and skills of a seaman; during the second
phase, he/she should become familiar with the duties of the watchkeeper; and
during the third phase, he/she should actively assist the officer of the watch in
watchkeeping duties on the bridge and on deck
d) The three-year program described above will allow the student to graduate
with a Watchkeeping Mate Certificate of Competency with some higher-level
credits, a few certificates of proficiency and/or endorsements.
e) Individual colleges may opt for programs of longer duration with sea service
and college training and education culminating at the Chief Mate level.
f) TCMSS will assess each program individually.
g) The arrangement for completion of the sea service should be mutually
arranged between college and the marine industry ensuring that a minimum
of twelve months sea service is spent on board one or more vessels of at least
150 gross tonnage while the vessels are engaged on voyages beyond sheltered
waters.
1.28 IDENTIFICATION OF SUBJECT AREAS

1) In order to cope with current ship technology, computer programming, auto
controls and electronic navigation are also included. The academics to be covered
are mathematics, physic sciences, and technical writing. Electronics is optional.
2) The main areas in the marine technical subjects are identified in Table 1A and 1B
of section 1.29. These may be subdivided into specific subjects. However, it must
be emphasized that this subdivision is purely to facilitate the preparation of the core
curriculum and certain subjects may be combined for instructional purposes at the
discretion of the individual college.
PAGE 24 OF 164
3) Table 1A of section 1.29 and Table 2A of section 1.30 contain the mandatory
subjects and training courses that are to be part of the nautical cadet training
program.
4) Table 1B of section 1.29 and Table 2B of section 1.30 are optional subjects and
training courses culminating at the Chief Mate level that a college may opt to
introduce in their Nautical Cadet Training Program. It is at the discretion of the
individual college.
5) (5) Table 2A and 2B of section 1.30 provide a list of training courses leading to
training certificates required for specific certificates or endorsements.
PAGE 25 OF 164
1.29 PROGRAM OUTLINE

TABLE 1A
Subject Hours Credit TCEC1

MANDATORY ACADEMIC SUBJECTS:
Mathematics 72
Physic science 133
Technical writing 60
Total: 265
MANDATORY MARINE TECHNICAL SUBJECTS, AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL:

Communications, level 1 10 COM 1
Communications, level 2 10 COM 2
Chartwork and Pilotage, level 2 180 C/P 2
Navigation Safety, level 1 120 NS 1
Meteorology, level 1 80 MET 1
Ship Construction and Stability, level 4 160 SCS 4
Cargo, level 2 80 CG 2
General Ship Knowledge, level 3 80 GSK 3
Celestial Navigation, level 2 180 ASTRO 2
Electronic Positioning System 70 EPS
120 OOW Oral
General Seamanship
Exam
Total: 1090
Grand Total: 1355
TCEC1 = Examination at a Transport Canada Examination Centre

PAGE 26 OF 164
TABLE 1B
Optional3
Subject Hours TCEC2
Credit
OPTIONAL ACADEMIC SUBJECTS:
Electronics 40
OPTIONAL MARINE TECHNICAL SUBJECTS AT THE MANAGEMENT LEVEL:
Navigation Systems and Instruments 90 NS & I
Meteorology, level 2 50 MET 2
Cargo, level 3 100 CG 3
Ship Management, level 3 90 SM 3
Engineering Knowledge, level 2 100 EK 2
Total: 470
_____________________________________
TCEC2 = Examination at a Transport Canada Examination Centre

Optional 3
Credit = Optional courses might be approved separately following a program submission and audit of the courses.
PAGE 27 OF 164
1.30 SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES
TABLE 2A
Courses toward Training Certificate Credit
Mandatory
TRAINING COURSES Hours Optional TCMSSA* Reference
Courses
MANDATORY SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES, AT THE
OPERATIONAL LEVEL:
MED with respect to STCW Basic Safety 43 MED BST TP 4957
MED with respect to Survival Craft and Rescue Boats Other Than Fast 28 MED SC TP 4957
Rescue Boats
MED in Advanced Fire Fighting 35 MED AFF TP 4957
Restricted Operator Certificate - MC 24 ROC-MC RIC-25 Industry Canada
Simulated Electronic Navigation, Leadership and Teamwork Skills 120 SEN - LTS TP 4958
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) 40 ECDIS TP 4958
Marine Advanced First Aid 35 MAFA TP 13008
Total: 325
* TCMSSA = Examination administered by Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security.

PAGE 28 OF 164
TABLE 2B
Courses toward Training Certificate Credit
Mandatory
Subject Hours Optional TCMSSA* Reference
Courses
OPTIONAL SPECIALIZED TRAINING COURSES :
Steering Variable Steering
Oil and Chemical Tanker Familiarization 60 OCTF TP 8129
Specialized Oil Tanker Training 55 OT2 TP 8129
Simulated Electronic Navigation, Leadership and Managerial Skill 125 SEN-LMS TP 4958
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) 70 GMDSS RIC-25 Industry Canada
Marine Medical Care 51 MMC TP 13008
Bridge Resource Management 30 BRM TP 13117
Total: 391
* TCMSSA = Examination administered by Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security.

PAGE 29 OF 164
1.31 ALLOCATION OF TEACHING HOURS

1) A minimum of 1680 hours must be available for instruction in college
semesters at the Watchkeeping Mate level. Based on this figure, it is
suggested that the curriculum be arranged allotting the minimum number
of hours of instructions for each subject as indicated in Table 1A of
section 1.29 and Table 2A of section 1.30.
2) The following factors should be taken into account while distributing
number of hours of instruction to individual subjects between college
periods:
a) the student must undergo approved MED with respect to STCW
Basic Safety training during the first college period;
b) due to its importance, Navigation Safety should form part of the
curriculum during each year;
c) It must be stressed that the total allocation of hours per subject and
the distribution between college semesters is purely tentative and is
in no way binding. Colleges may adjust these items - bearing in
mind the foregoing factors and the content of the core curriculum.
1.32 ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS

1) It is suggested that colleges also give consideration to the inclusion of
short possibly non-credit courses in various related subjects. Such
courses might be included in the following list:
a) Port Administration and Operation;
b) Management and Labour Relations;
c) Auto Controls;
d) Blue Print Reading;
e) Chemistry, with emphasis on the carriage of dangerous and
hazardous chemicals in bulk; and
f) Enclosed spaces.
PAGE 30 OF 164
1.33 INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF

1) It is not envisaged that the entire course will be taught by Master
Mariners or technical persons with a navigational background, but rather
that college authorities will make use of the expertise available to them
from amongst the academic staff and instructors in other technical fields.
Guidelines with respect to the instructional staff for the various subjects
are given as follows:
a) Subjects, which should be taught by members of the Academic
Department:
i. Mathematics;
ii. Physic Sciences;
iii. Technical writing;
iv. Electronics.
b) Subjects, which should be taught by nautical department:
i. General Ship Knowledge;
ii. Cargo;
iii. Communications;
iv. Seamanship;
v. Celestial Navigation;
vi. Chartwork and Pilotage;
vii. Ship Construction and Stability;
viii. Navigation Systems and Instruments;
ix. Navigation Safety;
x. Meteorology;
xi. Ship Management;
xii. General Seamanship.
c) Subjects to be taught by instructors in other technical fields:
i. Engineering Knowledge;
ii. Electrical Engineering;
iii. Control Systems
iv. Electronics Technology;
PAGE 31 OF 164
v. Ship Construction & Theoretical Ship Stability;

vi. Strength of Materials;
vii. Computer Technology & Programming;
viii. Labour Relations.
2) Meteorology might be taught by a member of the academic staff or by a
nautical instructor. However, while a meteorologist would have a finer
appreciation of the principles involved, there could be a lack of
knowledge in certain practical areas, notably with respect to the marine
aspects of weather observing, reporting and forecasting.
3) Ship Management could be divided into two areas, one being ship
master's business and mainly related to the provisions of the Canada
Shipping Act (CSA), 2001, and all relevant regulations, and other being
legal knowledge relating to the carriage of cargo and/or passengers, the
hiring of ships and marine insurance. Navigational instructor or a
visiting lecturer practicing in marine law or subject matter expert from
TC Regulatory staff may assist in these matters.
4) Navigation Systems Instruments consist of the operational use of the
instruments and electronic theory. It may be taught by a member of the
navigational staff having the required knowledge and qualifications in
electronics.
1.34 ONBOARD TRAINING

1) Every candidate part of the nautical cadet training program for
certification as officer in charge of a navigational watch shall follow an
approved programme of onboard training which:
a) Ensure that, during the required period of seagoing service, the
candidate receives systematic practical training and experience in
the tasks, duties and responsibilities of an officer in charge of a
navigational watch, taking into account the following principles:
i. The programme of onboard training should be an integral part
of the overall training plan.
ii. The programme of onboard training should be managed and
coordinated by the company which manages the ship on
which the seagoing service is to be performed.
PAGE 32 OF 164
iii. The prospective officer should be provided with a training

record book to enable comprehensive record of practical
training and experience at sea to be maintained. The training
record book should be laid out in such a way that it can
provide detailed information about the tasks and duties which
should be undertaken and the progress towards their
completion. Duly completed, the record book will provide
unique evidence that a structured programme of onboard
training has been completed which can be taken into account
in the process of evaluating competence for the issue of a
certificate.
iv. At all times, the prospective officer should be aware of two
identifiable individuals who are immediately responsible for
the management of the programme of onboard training. The
first of these is a qualified seagoing officer, referred to as the
“shipboard training officer”, who, under the authority of the
master should organize and supervise the programme of
training for the duration of each voyage. The second should
be a person nominated by the company, referred to as the
training programme and for coordination with colleges and
training institutions.
v. The company should ensure that appropriate periods are set
aside for completion of the programme of onboard training
within the normal operational requirements of the ship.
Note 1: Sea service acquired in a position other than as a cadet (prospective officer)
will not be recognized for the twelve months sea service required under an
approved nautical cadet training program except:
a) If a cadet, whether bound by indentures or not, is promoted to un-

certificated junior officer, then the service in the capacity of junior
officer will be accepted as cadet service; or
b) If a cadet is hired in a position where the deck duties involve the
performance of functions and duties associated with navigational
watchkeeping (Bridge Watch Rating), including steering duties
carried out under the direct supervision of the master, the officer in
charge of the navigational watch or a qualified rating for a
maximum period of four (4) months out of the twelve months sea
service required under an approved nautical cadet training program,
then the sea service will be accepted as cadet service conditional
that:
PAGE 33 OF 164
i. the cadet indicates his/her intentions to the sea service

program coordinator of the recognized institution;
ii. the cadet is to complete the cadet onboard training record
book for that period of time. The cadet onboard training
record book to be submitted to the institution for evaluation
on signing off the vessel.
iii. The cadet provides a testimonial, signed and stamped by the
master of the vessel, indicating that the sea service performed
on board the vessel, in the specific capacity the cadet was
hired, that the sea service acquired by the seafarer was while
performing deck duties involving the performance of
functions and duties associated with navigational
watchkeeping including steering duties carried out under the
direct supervision of the master, the officer in charge of the
navigational watch or a qualified rating.
Note 2: Sea service to be acquired on board vessels of at least 150 gross tonnage
while the vessels are engaged on voyages beyond sheltered waters
voyages.
a) Is closely supervised and monitored by qualified officers aboard the

ships in which the approved seagoing service is performed;
i. Roles and responsibilities of those individuals involved in
organizing and conducting onboard training:
.1 the company training officer should be responsible for:
.1.1 Overall administration of the program of training;
.1.2 Monitoring the progress of the prospective officer
throughout; and
.1.3 Issuing guidance as required and ensuring that all
concerned with the training program play their
parts.
.2 The shipboard training officer should be
responsible for:
.2.1 Organizing the program of practical training at
sea;
.2.2 Ensuring, in a supervisory capacity, that the
training record book is properly maintained and
that all other requirements are fulfilled; and
.2.3 Making sure, so far as is practicable, that the time
the prospective officer spends on board is as
PAGE 34 OF 164
useful as possible in terms of training and

experience, and is consistent with the objectives
of the training program, the progress of training
and the operational constraints of the ship.
.3 The master’s responsibilities should be to:
.3.1 Provide the link between the shipboard training
officer and the company training officer ashore;
.3.2 Fulfil the role of continuity if the shipboard
training officer is relieved during the voyage; and
.3.3 Ensure that all concerned are effectively carrying
out the onboard training program.
.4 The prospective officer’s responsibilities should be to:
.4.1 Follow diligently the program of training as laid
down;
.4.2 Make the most of the opportunities presented, be
they in or outside working hours; and
.4.3 Keep the training record book up to date and
ensure that it is available at all times for scrutiny.
b) Is adequately documented in a training record book.
At the beginning of the program and at the start of each voyage on a
different ship, prospective officers should be given full information and
guidance as to what is expected of them and how the training program is
to be organized. Induction presents the opportunity to brief prospective
officers about important aspects of the tasks they will be undertaking,
with particular regard to safe working practices and protection of the
marine environment.
1.35 CADET ONBOARD TRAINING RECORD BOOK

1) An essential part of the cadet’s sea service assessment is the Cadet
Training Record Book approved by Transport Canada. The object of this
book is to provide a comprehensive record of the progress and extent of
the cadets’ training, and to guide that training in important areas.
PAGE 35 OF 164
2) The use of a Training Record Book is to ensure that the cadet undergoes
training in areas, which are essential to navigation safety and the efficient
operation of the ship. There is no restriction on colleges setting additional
assignments to be undertaken during the sea service - particularly in areas
of specialized operation such as the Coast Guard. The administration of
additional assignments would fall to the individual college, but will also
be included for the examiner's assessment.
3) If a cadet was not able to accomplish certain tasks as described in the
training record book during his/her sea phase, the college must give
assignments on those particular tasks to the cadet to ensure the cadet has
acquired the knowledge on the subject. These assignments are to be
included for the examiner’s assessment.
4) A Record Book must be maintained by each student and this will be
inspected by the institution’s Cadet Program coordinator after each
service period, and endorsed by the institution before the student makes
application for the examinations for the Watchkeeping Mate certificate.
The examiner of Masters and Mates shall inspect the record book and
assignments at the time of assessment of qualifying service. The purpose
of such inspection is to ensure that the student has complied with its
training requirements and has made optimum use of his sea service.
1.36 APPROVED TRAINING

1) All specialized training courses that are attached to the cadet training
program are to be approved separately by Marine Personnel Standards,
Pilotage and Medicine division.
1.37 REFERENCES
1) The STCW Convention and the following TPs are applicable for the
approval of courses and programs:
a) TP 2293 The Examination and Certification of Seafarers.
b) TP 4957 Marine Emergency Duties Training Courses.
c) TP 4958 Simulated Electronic Navigation Courses.
d) TP 5562 Nautical Cadet Training Program.
e) TP 8129 Tanker Safety, Crude Oil Washing and Inert Gas, and
Supervisor of Transfer Operations Training Courses.
f) TP 10655 Recognized Establishments and Approved Training
Courses.
PAGE 36 OF 164
g) TP 10936 Bridge Watch Rating and Able Seafarer Deck Training

Programs.
h) TP 13008 Training Standards for Marine First Aid and Marine
Medical Care.
i) TP 13024 Training Standards for Personnel on board Passenger-
carrying Vessels.
j) TP 13117 Training Program in Bridge Resource Management.
PAGE 37 OF 164
2 NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING CURRICULUM

2.1 ACADEMICAL SUBJECTS
1) An outline of the academic subjects has been listed as a reference when
colleges prepare their courses. These academic subjects listed are the
subject deemed necessary to obtain the depth of knowledge required for
competences of Section A-II/1 and Section A-II/2 of the STCW Code for
a watchkeeping officer and for a master or a chief mate on ships of 500
gross tonnage or more.
2.1.1 MATHEMATICS
KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY

Algebra
Graphs
Proportion, variation and interpolation
Geometry
Trigonometry
Mensuration
Spherical triangle
Vectors
Ellipse and hyperbola
MINIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS FOR COURSE: 72 hours

To obtain more detailed information regarding the mathematics knowledge,
understanding and proficiency, refer to IMO model course 7.03: Officer in
charge of a navigational watch.
PAGE 38 OF 164
2.1.2 PHYSIC SCIENCE
1. General physics:
.1 Mass, weight and force
.2 Distance, velocity and acceleration
.3 Circular motion and rotation
.4 Statics
.5 Work, energy and power
.6 Machines
.7 Density
.8 Fluids
.9 Principle of Archi medes and flotation
2. Heat:
.1 Temperature
.2 Expansion of solids and liquids
.3 Gases
.4 Transmission of heat
.5 Change of state
.6 Vapours
.7 Refrigeration
3. Waves Sound and Light:

.1 Waves
.2 Electromagnetic radiation
.3 Light
.4 Sound
4. Magnetism and Electricity:

.1 Magnetism
.2 Electrical Safety
.3 Electrical principles
.4 The electric circuit
.5 Work, energy and power in an electric circuit
.6 Electromagnetic induction
.7 Capacitors
.8 Electric generators and motors
.9 Alternating voltage and current
PAGE 39 OF 164
4. Magnetism and Electricity: (cont`d…)

.10 Distribution and protective devices
.11 Electrochemistry
.12 Instruments
To obtain more detailed information regarding the physic science knowledge,

2.1.3 TECHNICAL WRITING

Linguistic behavior
Communication problems and remedies
Techniques of report writing
Development of linguistic skills
Application of communication skills
Business correspondence
Technical correspondence
Public speaking
Discussion and debate
Committee work
Critical analysis of texts
Research, preparation & presentation of a technical paper or report
Second language skills
2.1.4 ELECTRONICS (OPTIONAL)

Passive components
Semiconductor devices
Amplifiers
Feedback
Integrated circuits
PAGE 40 OF 164
KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND PROFICIENCY (CONT’D…)

Power supplies
Oscillators
Radio transmission and reception
Photoelectric devices
Digital circuits
MINIMIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS FOR COURSE: 40 hours
To obtain more detailed information regarding the electronic knowledge,

2.2 TECHNICAL SUBJECTS

Colleges preparing a cadet program must follow the course syllabi as detailed
in the present TP.
The courses in the overall program must meet the exam structure as specified
in the Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine exam profiles.
Records to be maintained of all assessments tools for each course of the
program.
NAUTICAL SUBJECTS, AT THE WATCHKEEPING MATE

LEVEL:
2.2.1 COMMUNICATIONS, LEVEL 1 (COM 1)
1) The course evaluation must be based on assignments, at least two
periodical examinations and a final examination.
2) The final examination shall cover all of the course content and consists of
no less than 50 multiple-choice questions and is subdivided in Part 1 and
Part 2. (Minimum of 25 questions per Part.)
Any other equivalency may be considered on a case by case basis.
3) Part 1, consist of:
a) International Code signaling procedures;
b) Signalling numbers;
c) Code and decode messages;
d) Radio Aids to Marine Navigation Publication; and
e) Notices to Mariners, Annual edition.
PAGE 41 OF 164
4) For Part 1, the following publications are to be provided:

a) International Code of Signals;
b) Radio Aids to Marine Navigation; and
c) Annual Edition of Notices to Mariners.
5) Part 2 consist of:
a) Recognition of the international Code;
b) Meaning of codes; and
c) International Code signal of distress.
6) No publications are permitted for Part 2.
7) The examination of Part 1 and Part 2 are of one-hour duration each.
8) The examinations are based upon:
Subject Knowledge required
Transmit and receive information
Competence:
by visual signaling
Ability to use the International Code of Signals

International Code of
Signals Recognition of the International Code flags and pendants,
substitutes flags and answering pendants; The purpose of the
International Code of signals; Ability to use substitute flags;
Ability to demonstrate how to call, using flags; The use of the
answering pendant; Action to take when signals are not
understood; How the end of a signal is indicated; The use of
identity signals; How to signal azimuth or bearing, course, date,
latitude, longitude, distance, speed, time.
The significance of the arrangement of the Code into:
a) single-letter signals;
b) two letter signals;
c) three-letter signals beginning with “M” for the Medical
Section
The uses of complements and tables of complements; How to

signal depths; The significance of text in brackets; The
meanings of single-letter signals; Single-letter signals for use
between an ice-breaker and assisted vessels; How time of origin
may be included; Ability to code and decode messages, using
the General sections; Ability to code and decode messages,
using the Medical Sections and complements; The International
Code Signal of distress.
PAGE 42 OF 164

Transmit and receive information
Competence:
by visual signaling
Ability to use Use of Radio Aids to Marine Navigation for ascertaining

publications facilities and services; Use of Annual Edition of Notices to
Mariners.
2.2.2 COMMUNICATIONS, LEVEL 2 (COM 2)

2) The final examination shall cover all of the course content and consists
of:
a) Sending and receiving the distress signal SOS by flashing light; and
b) Satisfying the instructor with the identification of the Morse
symbols for the alphabet and numerals and the ability to list the
single letter signals which may be sounded only in compliance with
the requirements of the International Regulations for preventing
collisions at sea;
3) The examination referred to in paragraphs 2 a) and b) are of an unlimited
duration;
4) The examinations are based upon:
Competence: Transmit and receive information by visual signalling
Ability to transmit and Signalling by Morse code

receive by Morse light,
distress signal SOS as Ability to identify Morse symbols for the alphabet and
specified in Annex IV of numerals; Send and receive the distress signal SOS by
COLREG 1972 and flashing light.
appendix 1 of the
International Code of Recommendations on sound signalling; Ability to list the
Signals, and ability to single-letter signals which may be sounded only in
identify Morse symbols for compliance with the requirements of the International
the alphabet and numerals Regulations for preventing collisions at sea.
PAGE 43 OF 164
2.2.3 CHARTWORK AND PILOTAGE, LEVEL 2 (C&P 2)

multiple-choice questions and chartwork practical calculation questions.
3) The final examination is to be divided into five sections; they are:
a) 15 multiple-choice questions of two marks each;
b) 1 Tide Table calculation question worth 10 marks;
c) 1 Chartwork and Pilotage calculation question worth 10 marks;
d) 2 Chartwork and Pilotage calculation questions worth 15 marks
each; and
e) 1 Chartwork and Pilotage calculation question worth 20 marks.
4) The examination is of three hours duration.
5) The examination is based upon:
Plan and conduct a passage
Competence:
and determine position
Ability to determine the ship’s Definitions and Datum’s – Earth

position by use of: landmarks;
aids to navigation, including Definition of great circles, small circle, spherical angle,
lighthouses, beacons and spherical triangle, poles of a great circle; Definition of
buoys; dead reckoning, taking earth’s poles, equator and meridians; Definition of latitude
into account winds, tides, and parallels of latitude, prime meridian and longitude;
currents and estimated speed Definition of difference of latitude, and difference of
longitude; Definition of international nautical mile, cable
and knot; The earth as an ellipsoid; Definition of
compression, and state its value.
Position lines and position fixing
Definition of position; Ability to fix the ship’s position by
means at the disposal of the OOW, including electronic
navigational aids; Considerations to be taken into account,
including errors and limitations of equipment; the
correction and plotting of bearings taken visually or by
radar and the limitations of accuracy inherent in each of
these methods; Given the radar distance of a charted
object, ability to plot the position circle on a chart;
PAGE 44 OF 164

Competence:
Ability to determine the ship’s Position lines and position fixing (cont’d…)
aids to navigation, including Ability to plot a position on the chart from
lighthouses, beacons and buoys; simultaneous cross bearings and from a bearing and
dead reckoning, taking into distance off; Methods used to obtain simultaneous cross
account winds, tides, currents bearings with least error; Definition of dead reckoning
and estimated speed position (DR), estimated position (EP) and fixed
position; Ability to plot a dead reckoning position on
the chart and marks accordingly; Ability to plot an
estimated position on the chart and marks accordingly;
Ability to plot position lines – straight line, circle,
hyperbola; Ability to find a position line by bearing,
horizontal angle, vertical sextant angle and transit line;
Ability to determine a position by a combination of
bearing distance and the methods in the above
objective; Ability to find a position by simultaneous
bearings of two objects; Ability to find the distance that
the ship will pass off a given point when abeam;
Ability to construct a position line to clear a
navigational danger by a given distance.
Courses and distances
Definition of course and distance; Ability to convert
true courses laid-off to magnetic courses, including
determination of variation at any place; conversion of
true courses to gyro, magnetic and compass courses and
vice versa; determining the up-to-date value of
variation and interpolating for variation at a given
locality from isogonic lines or compass roses; use of
transit lines, azimuth and amplitude to determine
compass error; Ability to lay off true course between
two positions and mark with appropriate symbol;
Approximate polar and equatorial circumferences of
the earth; Ability to find the distance between two
positions; Knowledge of distance measurement on
nautical char; Ability to measure the distance between
two positions on a Mercator Chart based on the latitude
of the two positions.
Effect of wind and current
Ability to calculate the speed between two positions;
Definition of set, rates, drift and leeway due to wind;
Describe ship’s speed, effective speed, course and
distance made good, applied leeway; The allowing for
effects of wind and tide; the problem of combining
vectors of wind, current, tidal effect and course to steer
to arrive at course made good;
PAGE 45 OF 164

Competence:
Ability to determine the ship’s Effect of wind and current (cont’d)

aids to navigation, including Ability to find the course and distance made good with a
lighthouses, beacons and tidal stream or current; Ability to find the course to steer,
buoys; dead reckoning, taking allowing for tidal stream or current; Ability to find the set
into account winds, tides, and rate of tidal stream or current; Ability to find the set
currents and estimated speed and rate of tidal current that may be expected at a given
point from information given in tide and current table or
on the chart and awareness of the possibly of a significant
effect of weather on the reliability of the information so
obtained ; Explain the term running fix and use the method
to plot a position; Ability to find positions by running fix
in a tidal stream or current; Ability to calculate the actual
set and rate of tidal stream or current from DR and fixed
positions.
Theory of Tides
Definition of tidal terms in common use in CHS and
United States tide tables as spring tide, neap tide, height
of tide, high water, low water, mean high water springs,
mean high water neaps, mean low water springs, mean
low water neaps, range, chart datum; General
understanding of tidal phenomena necessary for the
comprehension of tidal terms; The methods of predicting
tides.
Knowledge of principles of Charts construction and projections

construction of the different
types of charts and their use Basic knowledge of chart projections; Definition of
natural scale of a chart; large scale charts show a small
area in greater detail than small-scale charts; numbering
and mode of presentation of information on charts; the
cause of chart distortion; The requirements for a chart
appropriate for marine navigation; The principles of
construction, properties and limitations of the Mercator
chart.
Electronic Charts
ECDIS and other electronic chart systems meeting IMO
performance standards may substitute for traditional
charts; Knowledge of electronic charts; Differences
between Vector and Raster Electronic Charts; Major
characteristics of ECDIS data such as data term and
definition: data contents, attribute, data quality and it
accuracy;
PAGE 46 OF 164

Competence: Plan and conduct a passage and determine position
Knowledge of principles of Electronic Charts (cont’d…)

construction of the different
types of charts and their use Terms and definitions used in the context of ECDIS;
ECDIS display characteristics; Scope and selection of
chart display categories.
Thorough knowledge of and Chart Usage

ability to use nautical charts
Ability to use charts of various projections in common use
and produced by the Canadian Hydrographic Service,
including Mercator, Polyconic and gnomonic charts; the
use of charts in the practice of coastal navigation and on
ocean passages; the transfer of positions from a chart of
one projection to another of a different projection; care
and upkeep of charts; Ability to make chart corrections
according to Notices to Mariners; The replacement of
superseded editions; possessing and using latest available
charts and publications, including large-scale charts of the
pilotage area duly corrected to date; chart catalogues and
numbering.
Information from charts
Ability to recognize and to demonstrate the use of the
symbols and abbreviations on a chart, especially
lighthouses, buoys, beacons, radio beacons and other
navigational marks; Ability to identify the characteristics
and range of lights; Ability to calculate the distances of
sighting lights and dipping distances; Ability to identify
the symbols for chart depths and nature of the bottom; Use
of soundings; Ability to recognize coastlines, coast and
radar-responsive targets; Ability to interpret coastline
contours, bottom topography, depths and nature of bottom;
Ability to use the tidal information given on a chart;
Ability to recognize traffic lanes and separation zones;
The danger of placing implicit reliance upon floating
navigational aids; The danger of approaching navigational
aids too closely; Ability to obtain and appraise information
from navigational publications including sailing
directions, notices to mariners, radio navigational
warnings and ship’s routeing information; Demonstrate
simple passage planning and execution including use of
sailing directions, tide tables, radio navigational warning
and ship’s routeing information within parameters
established by the Master; The use of clearing marks and
horizontal and vertical danger angles;
PAGE 47 OF 164

Competence:
Thorough knowledge of and Information from charts (cont’d…)

ability to use nautical charts
Ability to recognize suitable passages, approaches and
anchorages in clear weather and thick weather, using
radar-responsive targets demonstrate planning of a passage
between two ports from berth to berth using the
procedures for passage planning as per the Guidelines for
Voyage Planning provided by IMO Resolution A.893(21).
Keeping a log Knowledge of the record of navigational activities and

incidents to be kept in accordance with the SOLAS
Convention and the Navigation Safety
Regulations;common practice regarding keeping a
navigational log and voyage records; Knowledge of the
proper keeping of different kinds of log during ocean
passages, coastal navigation and in port in line with the
requirement in the company’s ISM Safety Management
System; the duty of the OOW to maintain an accurate log.
Thorough knowledge of and Sailing directions

ability to use up-to-date
publications Familiarity with the contents of preface to Sailing
Directions, the important general navigational information
contained in the preamble and opening chapter of these
volumes.
Tide tables
Ability to calculate tides and heights and low water at
reference and secondary ports, and the calculation of depth
of water at those times; Use of the calculated depth of
water at high and low water to determine the height of
water at a given charted position; Ability to determine the
predicted time for a given tide level; Ability to estimate set
and rate of tidal currents by reference to tidal current
tables and by actual observation; The tentative nature of
tabulated tidal current values and the need for caution in
using them; The use of tidal stream charts; The zero level
of the charts.
PAGE 48 OF 164

Competence:
Thorough knowledge of and Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations

ability to use up-to-date
publications General knowledge of the Charts and Nautical
Publications Regulations.
Monthly Notices to Mariners and Annual Edition of
Notices to Mariners:
Familiarity with the contents; Correction of charts and
publications; The importance of chart corrections being
kept up to date.
Symbols, abbreviations and terms (Chart no.1):
Familiarity with chart symbols and abbreviations
published in the Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart
No. 1.
Radio aids to marine navigation: Nature of content.
List of lights:
Familiarity with light characteristics, colours and sound
signals used as aids to navigation; Use of Lists of lights,
buoys and fog signals; the terms used to define the power
of lights; (e.g., geographical range, luminous range,
charted range computed range, nominal range, computed
visibility; use of a luminous range diagram); Knowledge
of factors controlling the range of visibility; The effect of
abnormal refraction fog signals of different types,
anomalies of sound propagation in fog, notices regarding
lights, lighthouses and buoys; Ability to calculate the
distances of sighting lights and dipping distances.
Ice navigation in Canadian waters: Nature of content.
Ability to navigate in confined Altering course; transits; leading marks and bearings;
waters Recording the vessel’s progress; Making allowance for
height of tide; Preparatory details to be attended to in
entering confined waters (e.g. a review of the relevant
sections of the sailing directions, ready availability of
large-scale charts of the area with proposed track drawn to
indicate distances, courses and near dangers noted);
Navigational aids with their characteristics to be
identified, clearing lines, marks and bearings to be used
during the passage to be drawn in, pre-calculation of tidal
heights where critical depths of water may be encountered;
The maintenance of a record of the vessel’s progress on
both charts in logbook, including times of passing
successive points, course’s compass error, speed, weather;
PAGE 49 OF 164

Ability to navigate in confined (cont`d…)

waters
Fixing the vessel’s position by relative and true bearings,
transits; Dead reckoning position, estimated position and
observed position.
Knowledge of the use of Pilotage

navigational aids in pilotage
situations Thorough knowledge regarding preparations for pilotage;
possessing and using latest available charts and
publications, including large-scale charts of the pilotage
area duly corrected to date, latest sailing directions,
Notices to Mariners, Lists of Lights, Traffic Zone
Regulations (as applicable), tide tables, copy of Charts
and Publications Regulations, Radio Aids to Marine
Navigation and chart catalogue; Familiarity with bridge
practices and procedures in pilotage situations; the
requirement to continue the practice of good navigation
procedures by the OOW and ship’s personnel generally,
and the realization that the presence of a pilot on the
bridge does not absolve the ship’s personnel from their
continuing responsibility for the safe navigation of the
ship; The duty of the officer of the watch to ensure that
the pilot’s advice is understood and effectively carried out;
The extent to which reliance is placed on buoys.
Thorough knowledge of the Knowledge of the Canadian System of Buoyage in detail;

Canadian system of buoyage Difference between lateral and cardinal systems; Use of
Sailing Directions for determining other buoyage systems
in use; Principles and rules of the International
Association of Lighthouse Authorities Maritime Buoyage
System, Systems “A” and “B”; Understanding of the basic
principles employed in the lateral and the cardinal
buoyage systems; The importance of consulting the
applicable volume of Sailing Directions for details of
buoyage system in-force locally prior to entering
unfamiliar waters of other countries; Aids to navigation.
2.2.4 NAVIGATION SAFETY, LEVEL 1 (NS 1)

2) The final examination consists of 100 multiple choice questions.
PAGE 50 OF 164
3) The final examination is written at a Transport Canada Marine Safety and

Security examination centre.
4) The final examination is of a one hour and half duration.
5) The final examination is based upon:
Competence: Maintain a Safe Navigational Watch
Thorough knowledge of the Knowledge and application of the content and intent of the
content application and intent Collision Regulations with Canadian Modifications as
of the International amended from time to time, including distress signals.
Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea with
Canadian Modifications 1983
Thorough knowledge of the Principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch

Principles to be observed in as set out in the STCW Code, section A-VIII/2 regarding;
keeping a navigational watch
regarding watchkeeping at sea - Navigation;
and watchkeeping in different - Navigational equipment;
circumstances including - Navigational duties and responsibilities;
vessel at anchor and - Handling over and taking over the watch;
watchkeeping in port - Look-out;
- Navigation with a pilot embarked;
- Protection of the marine environment;
- Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System;
- Blind pilotage technique
- General principles for ship reporting systems and with
VTS procedures.
Recommendations on operational guidance for officers in
charge of a navigational watch as set out in Chapter VIII,
Section A-VIII/2 of the International Conference on
Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978 as amended:
- Maintenance of an efficient look-out;
- The use of engines and sound signaling apparatus;
- Taking over the navigational watch;
- Periodic checks of navigational equipment
- Compliance with SOLAS V/19 regarding the use of
the automatic pilot and the change-over to manual
steering and vice-versa;
- Electronic navigational aids;
- The use of radar;
- Navigation in coastal waters;
- Conduct of the watch in clear weather;
- Actions to take in restricted visibility;
- The circumstances in which the officer of the watch
should call the master;
PAGE 51 OF 164

Thorough knowledge of the Recommendations on operational guidance for officers in

Principles to be observed in charge of a navigational watch as set out in Chapter VIII,
keeping a navigational watch Section A-VIII/2 of the International Conference on
regarding watchkeeping at sea Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978 as amended:
and watchkeeping in different
circumstances including - Navigation with pilot embarked;
vessel at anchor and - Briefing of watchkeeping personnel.
watchkeeping in port
Keeping a safe navigational watch at anchor
Duties of the officer of the watch while at anchor.
Entries that should be made in the log-book.
Keeping an effective deck watch in port under normal
circumstances
Principles to be observed in keeping a watch in port:
Arrangements for keeping watch in port should:
- ensure the safety of life, ship, cargo and port
- observe international, national and local rules
- maintain order and the normal routine of the ship
Taking over the watch and lists the information which the
officer being relieved should pass to the relieving officer;
Matters on which the relieving officer should satisfy
themselves himself before assuming charge of the watch;
How the watch should be kept and lists the points to
which attention should be paid; Actions to take on
receiving a storm warning or in an emergency threatening
the safety of the ship; Entries which should be made in the
log-book.
Keeping a safe deck watch in port when carrying
hazardous cargo
Definition of 'hazardous cargo; Importance that sufficient

personnel should be readily available on board when
carrying hazardous cargo in bulk;
Indicate special requirements that may be necessary for
special types of ships or cargo, particularly with respect to:
- the number of crew required on board
- the state of readiness of fire-fighting appliances and
other safety equipment
- special port regulations
- communications with the shore in the event of an
emergency arising
- special precautions to prevent pollution of the
environment
PAGE 52 OF 164
2.2.5 METEOROLOGY, LEVEL 1 (MET 1)

a written test comprising multiple-choice and descriptive questions.
3) The final examination is to be divided into two sections; they are:
a) 25 multiple choice questions worth two marks each; and
b) 5 descriptive questions that may contain simple drawing, worth 10
marks each.
Note that paragraphs (3) (a) and (b) shall be mastered each with a 70 %
mark or higher, to obtain the credit.
4) The examination is of three hours duration;
Competence:
Ability to use and interpret Shipborne Meteorological instruments

information obtained from
shipborne meteorological Aneroid barometer; Ability to read the atmospheric
instruments pressure from an ordinary aneroid barometer and precision
aneroid barometer; Thermometer; Function of a
hygrometer; Basic principles of wind sensors; The basic
principles of wind sensors, take and log readings of wind
speed.
Knowledge of the The Atmosphere, its composition and physical

characteristics of the various properties
weather systems, reporting
procedures and recording The composition of the earth’s atmosphere, mentioning
system dry air and its constituents, water vapour and aerosols;
Ability to draw and label a typical vertical temperature
profile through the lower 100 km of the earth’s
atmosphere; Definition of troposphere, tropopause,
stratosphere, stratopause, mesosphere, mesopause and
thermosphere;
PAGE 53 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the The Atmosphere, its composition and physical

characteristics of the various properties (cont`d…)
weather systems, reporting
procedures and recording Ability to describe the main features of the troposphere;
system The importance of the sun as the principal energy source
for atmospheric processes; The nature of solar radiation,
(scattering, reflection and absorption); The effect on
insolation of a variation in latitude; The effect on
insolation of a variation in the sun’s declination; The
effect on insolation of a variation in the length of daylight;
Definition of water vapour; The properties of water vapour
in the atmosphere; Definition of evaporation,
condensation, latent heat of vaporization; Definition of
saturated air; The processes of mixing, cooling and the
evaporation of water vapour, by which a sample of air
may be brought to saturation; Definition of dewpoint,
absolute humidity, relative humidity, vapour pressure.
Atmospheric pressure
Knowledge of pressure equals force per unit area;

Knowledge of the atmosphere exerts a pressure on any
surface within it; Knowledge of the atmosphere pressure
on a unit area of a surface is equal to the weight of the air
column extending from that surface to the outer fringes of
the atmosphere; Ability to explain that atmospheric
pressure decreases with height above sea level;
Knowledge of atmospheric pressure acts in all directions;
What is the basic unit of pressure; What is the average
pressure at sea level; Ability to explain that the surface
pressure rises if air is added to the column above the
surface, and vice versa; Define isobar.
PAGE 54 OF 164

Competence:
Wind
Knowledge of the
characteristics of the various Definition of wind; The Beaufort scale of wind force; The
weather systems, reporting pressure gradient force; The coriolis force; The surface
procedures and recording wind circulation around high and low pressure centres;
system Ability to insert surface wind directions on a map showing
pressure distribution and indicate relative wind speeds at
various places within the pressure field; Buys-Ballot’s
law; The method of estimating the strength of the wind
and direction from the appearance of the sea surface, using
the Beaufort wind scale; The factors, other than the wind
speed, which affect the appearance of the sea surface; The
difference between apparent and true wind; Ability to
determine the true wind velocity by using a vector
diagram, given the apparent wind and the ship’s course
and speed; The method of estimating the wind direction
from the appearance of the sea surface; The use of a
geostrophic wind scale.
Cloud and precipitation
How does clouds form; What does a cloud can consist of;
The need for and the definition of condensation nuclei;
Ability to name and describe the ten basic cloud types;
The probable base heights of the ten principal cloud types;
Definition of precipitation, rain, drizzle, hail, snow and
sleet; Theory of formation of thunderstorms and
lightnings; Associated clouds, conditions within the
clouds; Times, seasons and localities of occurrence.
Visibility
Definition of fog, mist, haze; Ability to apply the concept
of processes leading to supersaturation to a classification
of fogs as mixing, cooling or evaporation fogs; The
formation of radiation fog, mentioning areas, seasons and
reasons for its dispersal; The effect of pollution on the
formation of radiation fog; The formation of advection
fog; The conditions leading to the formation of sea smoke,
and typical areas where sea smoke may be encountered;
Methods of estimating the visibility at sea, by day and by
night, and the difficulties involved.
PAGE 55 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the The wind and pressure systems over the oceans
characteristics of the various
weather systems, reporting Ability to sketch the circulation cells which would exist on
procedures and recording a rotating earth, not inclined to its orbit of rotation around
system the sun, and with a homogeneous surface; Ability to draw
the mean surface pressure and wind distribution over the
earth’s surface in January and July; The characteristics and
location of the doldrums, intertropical convergence zone,
trade winds, sub-tropical oceanic highs, westerlies and
polar easterlies; Ability to describe a monsoon regime;
List of areas which experience a true monsoon regime;
The causes of monsoon regimes; Ability to apply previous
concepts to a qualitative explanation of the weather
associated with the January and July monsoons of the
Indian Ocean, China Sea, north coast of Australia and west
coast of Africa; Ability to explain the qualitatively the
monsoon-type weather along the north-east coast of Brazil;
Ability to apply the concept of horizontal temperature
differences to the explanation of the formation of land and
sea breezes; The formation of anabatic and katabatic
winds; List of regions of occurrence of anabatic and
katabatic winds; Examples of local winds.
Structure of depressions
Definition of air mass; The formation of air mass;
Definition of Source region; The characteristics required
of a source region; The source-region characteristics of
arctic, polar, tropical and equatorial air-mass types;
Definition of warm front and cold front; Recognize the
symbols for warm and cold fronts; With the aid of a
diagram, ability to describe the weather experienced
during the passage of an idealized warm front; With the
aid of a diagram, ability to describe the weather
experienced during the passage of an idealized cold front;
Definition of depression; Ability to identify a depression
on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart; The stages in the
life cycle of a polar front depression; Family of
depressions; Ability to draw a diagram of a polar front
depression, for both northern and southern hemispheres,
showing isobars, warm and cold fronts, with circulation
and warm sector; Ability to draw a cross-section through a
polar front depression, on the poleward and equatorial side
of the centre, showing fronts, cloud and precipitation
areas; The usual movement of a polar front depression;
PAGE 56 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the Structure of depressions (cont’d…)

characteristics of the various
weather systems, reporting The weather changes experienced when a frontal
procedures and recording depression passes with its centre on the poleward side of
system an observer in the northern hemisphere and in the southern
hemisphere; The process leading to the occlusion of a
polar front depression; Ability to identify a trough of low
pressure on a surface synoptic or prognostic chart; The
weather associated with the passage of a trough.
Anticyclones and other pressure system
Definition of anticyclone; Ability to draw a synoptic
pattern of an anticyclone, for both northern and southern
hemispheres, showing isobars and wind circulation;
Ability to identify an anticyclone on a surface synoptic or
prognostic chart; The weather associated with
anticyclones; Definition of a ridge of high pressure;
Ability to draw a synoptic pattern for a ridge, showing
isobars and wind directions; Describe a typical weather
sequence during the passage of a ridge between
depressions across the observer’s position; Definition of
col; Ability to draw a synoptic pattern for a col, showing
isobars and wind directions; The weather associated with a
col; Ability to identify ridges and cols on a surface
synoptic or prognostic chart.
Weather services for shipping
The organization, functions and objectives of the World
Meteorological Organization; The sources of weather
information available to shipping; The information flow
between merchant ships and Meteorological Offices; The
services provided for shipping by Meteorological offices;
The appropriate weather bulletin and the contents of each
of its sections; The types of information received by
facsimile machine; The services provided for storm
warnings.
Recording and reporting weather observations
The need for meteorological codes; Uses the Ship’s Code
and Decode book to code a ship’s full report; Uses the
Ship’s Code and Decode book to decode a ship’s full
report; Uses the Ship’s Code and Decode Book to decode
a reduced report from a shore station; Uses Beaufort letter
abbreviations for present and past weather and total cloud
amount; Interprets a ship or shore station plot.
PAGE 57 OF 164

Ability to apply the Weather Forecasting

meteorological information
available Applies previous concepts to the interpretation of symbols
and isobaric patterns on weather charts and facsimile
charts; Applies previous concepts to the interpretation of
synoptic and prognostic charts to ascertain wind
directions, areas of strong winds, cloud and precipitation
areas, fog areas, ice and areas of fine weather; Explain
how weather observations at a ship can be used to improve
the forecast derived from synoptic and prognostic charts;
Ability to evaluate the weather forecast information
received from internet and e-mail.
Competence: Maintain a safe navigational watch
Weather routeing
The use of routeing
Basic routines of weather routeing ; The use of
climatological information from routeing charts and
sailing directions for route planning; how meteorological
forecasts, and synoptic and forecast charts are used to
modify the route plan to utilize favourable conditions and
mitigate adverse conditions .
Awareness that with shore based services:

- comprehensive meteorological information is
available to personnel ashore who issue advice as to
route planning and monitor the vessel's voyage,
issuing forecasts and advice as to the utilization of
favourable conditions and mitigation of unfavourable
conditions ;
- comprehensive meteorological information and on
board software may be available to the Master who
plans the route and then monitors the vessel's voyage
and uses forecasts and warnings to utilize favourable
conditions and mitigate the effects of unfavourable
conditions ;
- when the ship is weather routed messages are
received from the routeing service which may warn of
adverse conditions (to be expected) and that these
must be brought to the attention of the Master.
Ability to use published routing instructions in passage
planning.
PAGE 58 OF 164
2.2.6 SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND STABILITY, LEVEL 4

(SCS 4)
periodical examinations and a final examination
multiple-choice questions and practical calculations based on the vessel’s
stability data booklets supplied by Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage
and Medicine division.
3) The final examination is to be divided into four sections; they are:
a) 20 multiple-choice questions or short answer question, worth 2
marks each;
b) 2 practical calculation questions using a stability data booklet worth
15 marks each;
c) 1 practical calculation using a stability data booklet question worth
10 marks; and
d) 2 descriptive and simple drawing construction questions worth 10
marks each.
4) The following open-book resources will be allowed in the examination
room:
a) Part 1 of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 of the
Load Line Convention, consolidated 2005;
b) International Load Line Zones - World Map;
c) SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2009 (IMO);
d) MV Gypsum Centennial, Ship Stability Booklet; and
e) MV Atlantic Vision, Ship Stability Booklet;
PAGE 59 OF 164

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (Stability,
Competence:
Trim and Stress Tables)
Working knowledge and Displacement

application of stability, trim
and stress tables, diagrams Definition of displacement; Given a displacement/draught
and stress-calculating curve or table find:
equipment a) Displacement for given mean draughts;
b) Mean draught for given displacements;
c) The change in mean draught when given masses are
loaded or discharged;
d) The mass of cargo to be loaded or discharged to
produce a required change of draught.
Definition of light displacement and load displacement;
Definition of deadweight and “displacement tonnage”;
Ability to use a deadweight scale to find the deadweight
and displacement of a ship at various draughts in seawater;
Definition of tonnes per centimetre immersion; Why TPC
varies with different draughts; Ability to use a deadweight
scale to obtain TPC at given draughts;
Ability to use TPC obtained from a deadweight to find:

a) The change of mean draught when given masses are
loaded or discharged;
b) The mass of cargo to be loaded or discharged to
produce a required change of draught.
Definition of block coefficient (CB); Ability to calculate
CB from given displacement and dimensions; Ability to
calculate displacement from given CB and dimensions.
Buoyancy
Meaning of buoyancy; Definition of force of buoyancy;
What is meant by reserve buoyancy; Explain the
importance of reserve buoyancy; Explain the purpose of
load lines; Explain the requirement for maintaining water
tight integrity; Ability to demonstrate an understanding of
damage stability requirements for certain vessels; The
reasons for damage stability requirements; Ability to
identify damage stability requirements for Type A vessels,
Type (B-60) and Type (B-100) vessels; Identify
equilibrium condition after flooding for Type A, and all
Type B vessels; Identify damage stability requirements for
passenger vessels.
PAGE 60 OF 164

Competence:
Working knowledge and Fresh Water Allowance

and stress tables, diagrams Why the draught of a ship decreases when it passes from
and stress-calculating fresh water to seawater and vice versa; Given the FWA
equipment and TPC for fresh water, ability to calculate the amount
which can be loaded after reaching the summer load line
when loading in fresh water before sailing into seawater;
Ability to use a hydrometer to find the density of dock
water; The effect of changes of tide and rain on dock water
density; How to obtain the correct dock water density;
Given the density of dock water and TPC for seawater,
ability to calculate the TPC for dock water; Given the
density of dock water and FWA, ability to calculate the
amount by which the appropriate load line may be
submerged; Given the present draught amidships and the
density of dock water, ability to calculate the amount to
load to bring the ship to the appropriate load line in
seawater.
Statical stability
Definition of centre of gravity (G); Definition of centre of
buoyancy (B);
Definition of the lever GZ; how variations in displacement
and GZ affect the stability of the ship;
Ability to draw a diagram of a heeled ship, showing:
a) The forces B and G;
b) The lever GZ.
Initial stability
Definition of the transverse metacentre (M); Ability to
draw a diagram of a ship heeled to a small angle and
indicate G,B,Z and M; Definition of GM; Ability to show
that for small angles of heel ( ), GZ = GM X sin ;
Ability to describe the effect on a ship’s behaviour of:
a) A large GM (stiff ship);
b) A small GM (tender ship).
Ability to use hydrostatic curves to find the height of the
metacentre above the keel (KM) at given draughts; Given
the values of KG, ability to use the values of KM obtained
from hydrostatic curves to find the metacentre height, GM.
Given a ship’s hydrostatic data and the disposition of
cargo, fuel and water, calculate the metacentric height
(GM);
PAGE 61 OF 164

Competence:
Working knowledge and Initial stability (Cont’d…)

and stress tables, diagrams Ability to calculate the arrival GM from the conditions at
and stress-calculating departure and the consumption of fuel and water, including
equipment the loss of GM due to FSE; Ability to estimate the loss of
GM resulting from absorption of water by deck cargo;
Ability to identify when the ship will have the worst
stability conditions during the passage; Ability to calculate
the maximum weight which can be loaded at a given
height above the keel to ensure a given minimum GM.
Angle of Loll
Ability to show that if G is raised above M, the couple
formed by the weight and buoyancy force will turn the
ship further from the upright; How B may move
sufficiently to reduce the capsizing moment to zero at
some angle of heel; Definition of angle of loll; An
unstable ship may loll to either side, why this condition is
potentially dangerous.
Curves of Statical Stability
Ability to identify cross curves (KN curves and MS
curves); Derive the formula GZ = MS + GM sin ; Derive
the formula GZ = KN – KG sin ; Derive GZ curves for
stable and initially unstable ships from KN curves;
From a given curve of statical stability, ability to obtain:
a) The maximum righting lever and the angle at which it
occurs;
b) The angle of vanishing stability;
c) The range of stability.
Ability to use KN curves to construct a curve of statical
stability and from it ability to read the maximum righting
lever and angle of which it occurs; Ability to show how
lowering the position of G increases all values of the
righting lever and vice versa.
Movement of the Centre of Gravity
Ability to calculate the movement of G (GG1) from:
GG1 = mass added or removed X distance of mass from G
new displacement of the ship
GG1 = mass moved X distance mass is moved

displacement of the ship
PAGE 62 OF 164

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship
Competence:
(Stability, Trim and Stress Tables)
Working knowledge and Movement of the Centre of Gravity (cont’d…)

and stress tables, diagrams Perform calculations as in the above objective to find the
and stress-calculating vertical and horizontal shifts of the centre of gravity
equipment resulting from adding, removing, moving or suspending
masses; Ability to calculate, by using moments about the
keel, the position of G after loading or discharging given
masses at stated positions.
Ability to calculate the change in KG during a passage
resulting from:
a) Consumption of fuel and stores;
b) Absorption of water by a deck cargo;
c) Accretion of ice on decks and superstructures given
the masses and their positions.
List and its correction
Ability to show on a diagram the forces which cause a
ship to list when G is to one side of the centre line; Ability
to show on a diagram that the angle of list ( ) is given by:
tan = GG1
GM
Where GG1 is the transverse shift of G from the centre
line.
Given the displacement, KM and KG of a ship, ability to

calculate the angle of list resulting from loading or
discharging a given mass at a stated position, or from
moving a mass through a given transverse distance; With
reference to moments about the centre line, ability to
explain how the list may be removed; Given the
displacement, GM and the angle of list of a ship, ability to
calculate the mass to load or discharge at a given position
to bring the ship upright; Given the displacement, GM and
angle of list of a ship, ability to calculate the mass to move
through a given transverse distance to bring the ship
upright; Given the draught, beam and rise of the floor,
ability to calculate the increase in draught resulting from a
stated angle of list; Ability to determine the expected
maximum heel during the loading or discharging of a
heavy lift with the ship’s gear; Ability to calculate the
increased draught resulting from the heel.
PAGE 63 OF 164

Competence: Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (Stability, Trim and
Stress Tables)
Working knowledge and Effect of slack tanks

and stress tables, diagrams Ability to show by means of diagrams how the centre of
and stress-calculating gravity of the liquid in a partly filled tank moves during
equipment rolling.
Effect of wind and effect of water on deck
Understanding the effect of severe wind and rolling in
associated sea conditions, especially in following seas;
Effect of water on deck including free surface effect.
Ability to plan the use of fuel and water to keep free
surface effects to a minimum.
Trim
Definition of trim; Definition of centre of flotation (CF);
Ability to use hydrostatic data to find the position of the
centre of flotation (CF) for various draughts; Definition of
a trimming moment; Definition of the moment to change
trim by 1 cm (MCT 1 cm); Ability to use hydrostatic
curves/tables or deadweight scale to find the MCT 1 cm
for various draughts; Given the value of MCT 1 cm,
masses moved and the distances moved forward or aft,
ability to calculate the change in trim; Given the value of
MCT 1 cm, the position of the centre of flotation, masses
added or removed and their distances forward of or abaft
the centre of flotation, ability to calculate the change of
trim; Given initial draughts and the position of the centre
of flotation, ability to extend the calculation in the above
objective to find the new draughts; Given initial draughts
and TPC, ability to extend the calculation in the above
objective to find the new draughts; Given initial draughts
and TPC, ability to extend the calculation to find the new
draughts; Ability to use a trimming table or trimming
curves to determine changes in draughts resulting from
loading, discharging or moving weights; Ability to
calculate how to divide a given mass between two given
locations to produce a required trim or maximum draught
after loading; Ability to calculate the locations at which to
load a given mass so as to leave the after draught
unchanged; Ability to calculate final draughts and trim for
a planned loading by considering changes to a similar
previous loading.
Stability versus construction
Knowledge of effects on stability associated with different
types of ships construction.
PAGE 64 OF 164

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (Stability, Trim and
Competence:
Stress Tables)
Understanding of Knowledge that flooding should be countered by prompt

fundamental actions to be closing of watertight doors, valves and any other openings
taken in the event of partial which could lead to flooding or other compartments;
loss of intact buoyancy Knowledge that cross-flooding arrangements, where they
exist, should be put into operation immediately to limit the
resulting list; Knowledge that any action, which could stop
or reduce the inflow of water, should be taken.
Understanding of the Understanding of the fundamentals of watertight integrity.

fundamentals of watertight
integrity
Understanding of the stress Vessels required to carry a loading manual; Basic

tables and stress calculating knowledge and use of a stress tables; Basic knowledge and
equipment (Loadicator) use of a stress calculating equipment (loadicator); The
information available from loadicator; The likelihood of
overstressing the hull structure when loading certain bulk
cargoes.
Competence: Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (The principal

structural members of a ship)
General knowledge of the Ship dimensions and form

principal structural members
of a ship and the proper General arrangement of different types of ship; Ability to
names for the various parts reproduce an elevation of the principal ship types,
showing holds, engine room, peak tanks, double bottom
tanks, hatchways, tween deck and position of bulkheads;
Ability to reproduce an elevation of a typical crude oil
carrier, showing bulkheads, cofferdams, pump-room,
engine-room, bunker and peak tanks, cargo tanks, slop
tank and permanent ballast tanks; Ability to reproduce a
plan view of a tanker, showing the arrangement of cargo
and ballast tanks; Definitions of the different dimensions
and forms.
Ship stresses
Describe in qualitative terms shear force and bending
moments; What is meant by hogging and sagging; Ability
to describe the loading conditions which give rise to
hogging and sagging stresses; How hogging and sagging
stresses are caused by the sea state; How hogging and
sagging stresses result in tensile or compressive forces in
the deck and bottom structure;
PAGE 65 OF 164

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (Stability, Trim and
Competence:
Stress Tables)
General knowledge of the Ship stresses (cont’d…)

of a ship and the proper Describe water pressure loads on the ship’s hull; Describe
names for the various parts liquid pressure loading on the tank structures; Ability to
calculate the pressure at any depth below the liquid
surface, given the density of the liquid; Describe the
stresses set up by liquid sloshing in a partly filled tank;
Describe racking stress and its causes; What is meant by
panting and which part of the ship is affected; What is
meant by pounding or slamming and which part of the
ship is affected; Describe the stress caused by localized
loading; Describe corrosion; Describe the cause of
corrosion on board; Various methods being used to
minimize the effect of corrosion; Ability to demonstrate
understanding of modern methods of determining the
effects of different loading and ballasting on the ship’s
structure; Ability to use modern computer software for
determining stress; Have a working knowledge of the
stress tables; How output data from ship stress finding
system may be used; Torsion stress particularly with
reference to container ship loading; Ability to analyze the
stress areas created by bending moments and shearing
forces derived by a stress indicator; Analyze the causes
and effects of shearing forces and bending moments on
ship’s structures; Definition of bending moment;
Definition of Shearing forces; Ability to extract
information from shear force and bending moment
diagrams; Describe the constructional features, which
compensate for stress.
Hull structure
Ability to identify structural components on ship’s plans
and drawings:
a) Frames, floor, transverse frames, deck beams, knees,
brackets ;
b) Shell plating, decks, tank top, stringers;
c) Bulkheads and stiffeners, pillars;
d) Hatch girders and beams, coamings, bulwarks;
e) Bow and stern framing, cant beams, breasthooks.
Types of materials that are used in the construction of a
ship.
PAGE 66 OF 164

Maintain seaworthiness of the ship (The principal
Competence:
General knowledge of the Hull structure (cont’d…)

of a ship and the proper Ability to describe and illustrate standard steel sections:
names for the various parts a) Flat plate;
b) Offset bulb plate;
c) Equal angle;
d) Unequal angle;
e) Channel;
f) Tee.
Ability to describe with the aid of sketches the
longitudinal, transverse and combined systems of framing
on transverse sections of the ships; Ability to sketch the
arrangement of frames, webs and transverse members for
each system; Ability to illustrate double-bottom structure
for longitudinal and transverse framing; Ability to
illustrate hold drainage systems and related structure;
Ability to illustrate a duct keel; Ability to sketch the deck
edge, showing attachment of sheer strake and stringer
plate; Ability to sketch a radiused sheer strake and
attached structure; Describe the stress concentration in the
deck round hatch openings; Explain compensation for loss
of strength at hatch openings; Ability to sketch a
transverse section through a hatch coaming, showing the
arrangement of coamings and deep webs; Ability to sketch
a hatch corner in plan view, showing the structural
arrangements; Ability to sketch deck-freeing
arrangements, scuppers, freeing ports, open rails; Ability
to illustrate the connection of superstructures to the hull at
the ship’s side; Ability to sketch a plane bulkhead,
showing connections to deck, sides and double bottom and
the arrangement of stiffeners; Ability to sketch a
corrugated bulkhead; Why transverse bulkheads have
vertical corrugations and for-and-aft bulkheads have
horizontal ones; Ability to describe the purpose of bilge
keels and how they are attached to the ship’s side.
Bow and Stern
Describe the provisions of additional structural strength to
withstand pounding; Describe and illustrate the structural
arrangements forward to withstand panting; Describe the
function of the sternframe; Describe and sketch a
sternframe for a single-screw ship; Describe and illustrate
the construction of a transom stern, showing the
connections to the sternframe.
PAGE 67 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of the Fittings

of a ship and the proper Describe and sketch an arrangement of modern weather-
names for the various parts deck mechanical steel hatches; How watertightness is
achieved at the coamings and cross joints; Describe the
cleating arrangements for the hatch covers; Ability to
sketch an oil tight hatchcover; Describe roller, multi-
angle, pedestal and panama fairleads; Ability to sketch
mooring bitts, showing their attachments to the deck;
Ability to sketch typical forecastle mooring and anchoring
arrangements, showing the leads of moorings; Describe
the construction and attachment to the deck of tension
winches and explain how they are used; Describe the
anchor handling arrangements from hawse pipe to spurling
pipe; Describe the construction of chain lockers and how
the bitter-ends are secured in the lockers. How to secure
anchors and make spurling pipes watertight in preparation
for a sea passage; Describe the construction and use of a
cable stopper; Describe the construction of masts and
Sampson posts and how they are supported at the base;
Describe the construction of derricks and deck cranes;
Describe the bilge piping system of a cargo ship; Describe
and sketch a bilge strum box; Describe a ballast system in
a cargo ship; Describe the arrangement of a fire main;
Describe the provision of sounding pipes and sketch a
sounding pipe arrangement; Describe the fitting of air
pipes to ballast tanks or fuel oil tanks; Describe the
arrangement of fittings and lashings for the carriage of
containers on deck.
Rudder and propellers
Ability to describe the action of the rudder in steering a
ship; Drawing of modern rudders: semi balanced, balanced
and spade; Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and
pintles; How the weight of the rudder is supported by the
rudder carrier; Ability to describe a rudder trunk; Ability
to describe the arrangement of a watertight gland round
the rudder stock; The principle of screw propulsion;
Describe a propeller and define boss, rake, skew, face,
back, tip, radius, pitch, cavitations; Ability to describe new
type of propulsion system such as electric podded
propulsion, Voith Schneider, azimuthing drive
propulsion.Compare fixed-pitch with controllable-pitch
propellers; Ability to sketch the arrangement of an oil
lubricated sterntube and tailshaft;
PAGE 68 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of the Rudder and propellers (cont’d…)

of a ship and the proper Ability to sketch a cross-section of a shaft tunnel for water
names for the various parts cooled and oil cooled types; Why the shaft tunnel must be
of watertight construction and how water is prevented
from entering the engine-room if the tunnel becomes
flooded.
Load lines and draught marks
Explain where the deck line is marked; Definition of
freeboard; What is meant by assigned summer freeboard;
Ability to distinguished between ships of Type A and
Type B for the purposes of computation of freeboard;
Ability to draw to scale the load line mark and the load
lines for a ship given summer moulded draught,
displacement and tonnes per centimetre immersion in salt
water; Ability to use the chart of zones and seasonal areas
to determine the load lines which apply for a particular
passage; Given the ship’s hydrostatic data and the daily
consumption of fuel and water, ability to determine the
minimum departure freeboard and quantity to load, taking
into account the zones, seasonal zones and areas through
which the ship will pass; Ability to calculate the maximum
quantity to load, taking account of loading, discharging
and bunkering at an intermediate port or ports, so as to
comply throughout with the load line regulations;
Demonstrate how to read draughts; List of items in the
conditions of assignment of freeboard; Why the height of
sill of openings varies between different type of vessels
based on Load Line Rules.
PAGE 69 OF 164
2.2.7 CARGO, LEVEL 2 (CG 2)

a section of descriptive, calculation and simple drawing exercises and a
section of multiple-choice questions.
3) The final examination is to be divided into three sections; they are:
a) 25 Multiple-choice questions worth two marks each;
b) 3 Descriptive questions worth 10 marks each; and
c) 1 Practical calculation question worth 20 marks.
room:
a) Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations;
b) Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of Bulk
carriers (BLU Code);
c) Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing;
d) Code of Safe Working Practices for Self-unloading Vessels;
e) Safe Container Convention Regulations;
f) Safe Working Practices Regulations;
g) TP 10944 - Notice to Shipmasters Loading Coal;
h) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act;
i) Transportation and Dangerous Goods Regulations;
j) Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
k) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as
amended (SOLAS);
l) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and
Supplement; and
m) The International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC).
PAGE 70 OF 164

Monitor the loading, stowage, securing, care during the
Competence:
voyage and unloading of cargoes.
Knowledge of the effect of Securing Cargoes

cargo including heavy lifts on
the seaworthiness and stability Methods of securing and stowing of all cargoes, cargo
of the ship liable to slide, heavy loads, heavy lifts, vehicles, trailers,
containers, portable tanks; Methods of blocking, lashing,
shoring, chocking and tombing cargo; Methods of
securing cargo faces resulting from part discharge before
making a sea passage; Methods of securing heavy loads
and heavy lifts; Methods of stowing and securing vehicles
and trailers; Methods of securing containers, trailers,
portable tanks and other cargo units in accordance with
the ship’s cargo securing arrangements manual; Basic
knowledge of the content, application and ability to use
the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and
Securing; Basic knowledge of the content of the
Guidelines for packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs).
Deck cargo
Cargoes other than in containers, commonly carried on
deck are:
a) dangerous goods not permitted below decks;
b) large units;
c) difficult or impossible to stow below deck, which can
safely be exposed to the elements;
d) cargoes which can be exposed to the weather and
which would occupy a very large space below decks;
e) livestocks in limited numbers.
Why efficient securing of cargoes is essential for the
safety of the ship as well as the cargo; Adequate stowage
and securing of deck cargo for the worst conditions which
could be experienced; Hatches securely closed and cleated
before loading on them;
Stowage should leave safe access to essential equipment
and spaces needed to navigate and operate the ship such
as:
a) sounding pipes to tanks and bilges;
b) devices for the remote operation of valves;
c) mooring arrangements;
d) fire-fighting and life-saving equipment;
e) crew accommodation and working spaces
f) protection for the crew.
PAGE 71 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the effect of Deck cargo (cont’d…)

the seaworthiness and stability Deck cargo should not obstruct the view from the
of the ship navigating bridge or overside at the bow; The weight of
deck cargo should not exceed the maximum permissible
load on the deck or hatches; How the effects of a
concentrated load can be spread over a wider area by the
use of dunnage and deck shoring taking into consideration
the positioning of girders, tranverses and longitudinals
under the tank top;
Effects of deck cargo on stability with reference to:
a) its vertical moment about the keel;
b) the absorption of water or accretion of ice;
c) the clearing of water from the deck in heavy weather;
d) increased reserve buoyancy of a timber deck cargo.
The recommendations on the stowage and lashing of
timber deck cargoes as set out in the IMO Code of Safe
Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes; Basic
knowledge of the content, application and ability to use
Part 1, Section 4 – Timber deck cargoes of the Cargo,
Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Ability to use the
Canadian Code of Safe Practice for ships carrying timber
deck cargoes; Guard lines or rails to be provided at the
sides of a deck stow and at openings in the stow; Provision
of means of safe access between the deck and the top of
the stow; Method of safe stowage and securing of
containers on deck on vessels not specially designed for
the carriage of containers; Safe loading/discharging of
Ro-Ro cargoes.
Container cargo:
Arrangements of a container ship; Sequence of operations
during discharging and loading at a terminal; The factors
involved in planning a container stow; Methods of safe
stowage and securing of containers on deck; The types and
sizes of container in use; Operational knowledge of the
Safe Container Convention Regulations.
Bulk Cargo (Other than grain)
Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to
use Part 1, Section 2 – Solid bulk cargoes other than grain
of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Basic
knowledge of the contents, application and intent of the
IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code
(IMBSC);
PAGE 72 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the effect of Bulk Cargo (Other than grain) (cont’d…)

the seaworthiness and stability Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to
of the ship use the Code of practice for the safe loading and
unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU Code); Ability to
identify the loading, stowage and leveling requirements
for various bulk cargoes; Knowledge of the content,
application and ability to use TP 10944 – Notice to
Shipmasters Loading Coal; Precautions to take during
loading, transportation and discharging coal; Hazards
associated with coal cargoes; Importance of monitoring
the temperature of the holds associated with carriage of
coal cargoes; Ventilation of coal; Transportations of
concentrate cargoes; Definitions of angle of repose,
cargoes which may liquefy, flow moisture point, flow
state, transportable moisture limit; Inspection and
preparation of cargo holds prior to loading bulk cargoes;
Separation between certain bulk cargoes and other than
bulk cargoes is required; Some bulk cargoes may deplete
the oxygen content of holds or produce toxic gases,
precautions to be taken before entry of holds.
Bulk Grain Cargo
Ability to use Part 1, Section 3 – Grain cargoes and Part II
– Fumigation of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle
Regulations; Basic knowledge of the International Code
for the safe carriage of grain in bulk; Definitions of grain,
filled compartment and partly filled compartment;
Cleaning and preparation of holds and decks for the
carriage of grain; Importance of trimming: Trimming of
filled and partly filled compartments; How the surface of a
partly filled compartment is secured against movement;
How to separate two different bulk grain cargoes loaded
into the same compartment; Role of Agriculture Canada
regarding the carriage of grain; Insect or rodent
infestation; Dangers associated with using insecticide in
cargo holds.
Knowledge of safe handling, Cargo Care

stowage and securing of
cargoes including dangerous, Inspection and preparation of holds:
hazardous and harmful Reasons for a general inspection of holds; List of items to
cargoes and their effect on the be inspected; The importance of cleaning holds before
safety of life and of the ship loading; How to clean holds after discharge of a general
cargo; The reasons for using dunnage;
PAGE 73 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of safe handling, Cargo Care (cont’d)

cargoes including dangerous, The types and sizes of material used for dunnage; The
hazardous and harmful methods of dunnaging a hold for various cargoes and how
cargoes and their effect on the to dispose of old dunnage; Effect of dirty dunnage on
safety of life and of the ship cargo; The fitting or spar ceiling and its purpose;
Importance of drain wells cleanliness; How bilge suctions
should be checked for efficient working scuppers and
sounding pipes; How limbers and drain well covers should
be treated to prevent suctions being blocked by small
debris, but ensuring free drainage to the suctions.
Segregation and separation of cargoes:
The need for the segregation of different cargoes with
reference to: dangerous goods, dry cargo, wet cargo, clean
cargo, dirty cargo, delicate cargo and valuable cargo; How
the cargoes in the previous objective can be segregated;
Methods of separating adjacent parcels of cargo; The use
of port marking to segregate parcels for discharge at
different ports.
Ventilation and control:
List of factors involved in the control of sweat by
ventilation; Ability to distinguish between ship’s sweat
and cargo sweat and the conditions in which each is
experienced; The system of natural ventilation and how it
should be controlled to minimize the formation of sweat;
Forced ventilation and humidity control for cargo holds
and the properties measured and recorded at the control
panel; How to operate the ventilation system described in
the previous objective; Required ventilation for the
removal of heat, gases and odours; Cargoes requiring
special ventilation.
Refrigerated Cargo:
How holds and lockers are prepared for loading; The need
for the pre-cooling of spaces and dunnage to be used; The
dunnaging requirements for refrigerated cargo; Examples
of commodities carried chilled; Examples of frozen cargo;
Lists of inspections of cargo which should be made before
and during the loading; The use of brine traps in
compartment drains-before this stage; The purpose of
compartment temperature recording.
PAGE 74 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of safe handling, Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes

cargoes including dangerous, The different types of containment covered by the term
hazardous and harmful “packaged form”; The classification of dangerous goods in
cargoes and their effect on the the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG)
safety of life and of the ship Code; The properties, characteristics and physical state of
the different substances, materials and articles covered by
the 9 classes of the IMDG Code; The marking, labeling
and placarding of dangerous goods as required by the
IMDG Code and DG’s in limited quantities, e.g. schedule
18; Information that the duty officer should have on hand;
Special measures to be taken when a certain dangerous
cargo is handled; Measures to be taken in the event of an
incident or accident; Knowledge of where to look for
damage and defects most commonly encountered due to:
loading and discharging, corrosion, and severe weather
conditions; Actions to be taken are laid down in the IMO
Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous
Goods (EmS), the IMO Medical First Aid Guide for Use
in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) and the
International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS);
Procedures to be taken when any accident or incident
occur during the handling of dangerous goods; Fire
precautions to be taken when carrying dangerous goods;
Precautions which should be taken while loading or
discharging explosives;
With the aid of a diagram, indicate the meaning of the
following stowage and segregation requirements for the
different types of ships:
a) on deck only;
b) on deck or under deck;
c) away from;
d) separated from;
e) separated by a complete compartment or hold from;
f) separated longitudinally by an intervening complete
compartment or hold.
use the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and
Regulations; Knowledge of the content, application and
ability to use Part 1, Section 5 – Dangerous goods
(packaged) of the Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle
Regulations.
PAGE 75 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of safe handling, Cargo Handling Equipment

cargoes including dangerous, Care and maintenance of: a) Standing rigging; b) topping
hazardous and harmful lifts, cargo runners, guys and preventers – cargo blocks
cargoes and their effect on the and topping lift blocks; c) derrick heel fittings; The
safety of life and of the ship rigging of derricks for loading and discharging cargo: a)
using married falls and b) by single swinging derrick;
How to set up guys and preventers for working with
married falls; Ship’s rigging plan; Limitations and effect
of angles between runners; How to change the rig from
single runners to gun tackles; How to top and lower
derricks safely; Means of securing derricks for sea; The
precautions to take when lifting bales with hooks in the
bale bands and damage caused by hooks generally; The
handling of common unitized and pre-slung loads;
Advantages and disadvantages of ship’s cranes and
derricks for handling cargo – types of derricks – Hallen,
Stullen, Thompson, Velle etc.; Precautions to be taken
when fork-lift trucks or similar devices are used in the
tween-decks or holds.
Cargo Handling Safety
Visual inspections required before the start of cargo
operations each day and the frequent inspections of gear
while in use for cargo operations; The importance of
having a Safe Working Load (SWL) for the cargo gear;
Ropes and wires certificates; Frequency of ropes, wires,
blocks and loose gear inspections while in use for cargo
operations; How to determine when a cargo runner needs
replacing; Basic knowledge of the content, application and
ability to use the Safe Working Practices Regulations; The
need for accident prevention and precautions to be taken in
ship operation; Hatch covers safety precautions; The
provision of adequate lighting for working spaces,
portable lights and precaution with dangerous cargoes;
Importance of maintaining close communication with the
shore during the loading and unloading stage; Information
that should be agreed between ship and shore before any
loading or unloading operation; Awareness of the content
of the Code of Safe Working Practices for Self-Unloading
Vessels; Knowledge of Part III – Tackle of the Cargo,
Fumigation and Tackle Regulations and associated
documentations.
PAGE 76 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of safe handling, Oil tanker Piping and Pumping Arrangements

cargoes including dangerous, Tanker Arrangement:
hazardous and harmful Ability to describe the crude carriers and product tankers
cargoes and their effect on the arrangements of:
safety of life and of the ship
a) cargo tanks;
b) pump-rooms;
c) segregated ballast tanks;
d) slop tanks;
e) cofferdams – peak tanks - deep tanks;
f) accommodation; and
g) ventilators leading to accommodation and machinery
spaces.
Cargo piping system:
The direct pipeline arrangement in crude carriers; The
ring-main system in a product tanker; the piping
arrangements in a pump-room; The system of individual
deep-well pumps for a product tanker;
The arrangement and use of:
a) deck lines;
b) drop lines;
c) stripping lines;
d) crossovers;
e) bypasses;
f) master valves;
g) tank suction valves;
h) sea suction valves.
Cargo pumps:
The main operating features of centrifugal pumps; Why
most cargo pumps are of centrifugal type; The main
operating features of the reciprocating and screw positive-
displacement pumps; The applications for which positive-
displacement pumps are most suitable; How eductors
work; Examples of eductors use; The conditions for which
the pumps are being used such as stripping; The safe
handling of chemical cargoes; The safe handling of
liquefied gas cargoes; The use of ship/shore checklist;
PAGE 77 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of safe handling, Cargo pumps: (cont’d…)

cargoes including dangerous, The importance of setting the right pumping rate during
hazardous and harmful the loading and unloading operation.
cargoes and their effect on the Precautions before entering enclosed or contaminated
safety of life and of the ship spaces
List of potentially dangerous spaces, including: cargo
spaces, cargo, fuel and ballast tanks, pump-rooms,
cofferdams, duct keels, peak tanks and double bottom
tanks; Procedures and precautions for entry into enclosed
spaces; Authorizations required; Risk assessment before
the entry into enclosed spaces, with reference to T70; Gas
monitoring equipment, fixed and portable; Personnel
safety equipment, clothing and personal protection;
Shipboard emergency plan; Check list to obtain a permit
to enter; Items on checklists; Validity of permit; Why
periodical tests of the atmosphere should be made by
persons working in an enclosed space; Safety checks to be
repeated before re-entering a space after a break;
Ventilation; Definition of TLV, TWA and STEL.
Cargo calculations and Cargo plans:
Bale capacity and grain capacity; Stowage factor, broken
stowage; Maximum height to which cargo of stated
stowage factor can be loaded; Ullage; Use tank calibration
tables and given cargo density to calculate the weight in a
tank; Use tank calibration tables and given weights and
densities of cargo to determine the ullages required;
Determine the ullage to leave to produce a given minimum
ullage after allowing for expansion of cargo; Corrects
densities for temperature; Extracts information from cargo
plans of general cargo ships or container ships; Draw up a
cargo plan from given information; Uses a hold capacity
plan to estimate the depth of cargo in a hold or the area of
tween-deck required for a given cargo; Uses a capacity
plan to estimate the quantity of cargo, which can be loaded
in part of a tween-deck.
PAGE 78 OF 164

Competence:
Ability to establish and Basic knowledge of the exchange of information and

maintain effective communications required between the ship and terminal
communications during under the Code of practice for the safe loading and
loading and unloading unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU code); The
communication requirements under the Vessel Pollution
and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations.
Basic knowledge of the Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes

content and application of
SOLAS chapters VI, VII and Part A : General provisions;
XII Part B : Special provisions for bulk cargoes other than
grain;
Part C : Carriage of grain.
Chapter VII – Carriage of Dangerous Goods
Part A : Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form;
Part A-1 : Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in
bulk;
Part B : Construction and equipment of ships carrying
dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk;
Part C : Construction and equipment of ships carrying
liquefied gases in bulk;
Part D: Special requirements for the carriage of
packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and
high-level radioactive wastes on board ships.
Chapter XII – Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
Inspect and report defects and damage to cargo spaces,

Competence:
hatch covers and ballast tanks
Inspect and report defects and Cargo spaces inspections

damage to cargo spaces, hatch
covers and ballast tanks Possible causes of damage to the cargo space during cargo
operation; General layout of a cargo space for a bulk
carrier; General layout of the cargo space for an oil tanker;
General layout of the cargo space for a container vessel ;
General layout of a general cargo ship; Defects that could
arise due to the nature of cargo carried; The corrosion
effect that could arise due to structural stress, uneven
distribution of cargo, chemical reactions on the ship
structure; Methods in use to prevent the occurrence of
corrosion in cargo spaces; The damage to cargo space due
to severe weather condition; Ability to identify structural
or parts to be inspected each time in order to cover all
parts within a given period of time; The safety procedures
before entry into the cargo tank for inspection.
PAGE 79 OF 164

Competence: Inspect and report defects and damage to cargo spaces,
Inspect and report defects and Hatch covers inspection

damage to cargo spaces, hatch
covers and ballast tanks The working principles of a hatch cover; The construction
of a hatch cover; The difference between watertight and
weathertight; The critical components of the hatch cover
that contribute to weathertightness; The critical
components of the hatch cover that contribute to
watertightness; The structural components of a hatch cover
which are most likely to experience corrosion; The testing
methods for a hatch cover.
Ballast tanks inspection
The purpose of ballast tanks; The construction sketch of a
ballast tank; The parts in the ballast tanks which are most
likely to experience corrosion; The period of interval for
the inspection of ballast tanks ; The corrosion prevention
methods for ballast tanks.
Damage report
The items that need to be taken into account where
preparing a damage report; The evidence that needs to be
collected in assisting the preparation of a damage report.
Enhanced Survey Programme
The guidelines on the Enhanced Programme of Inspections
during surveys of Bulk Carriers; The guidelines on the
Enhanced Programme of Inspections during surveys of Oil
Tankers.
2.2.8 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE, LEVEL 3 (GSK 3)

50 multiple-choice questions worth 2 marks each.
PAGE 80 OF 164

room:
a) Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations;
b) Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations;
c) Fire and Boat Drills Regulations;
d) Canada Labour Code;
e) Canada Shipping Act-2001;
f) Vessel Fire Safety Regulations;
g) Life-Saving Equipment Regulations;
h) Marine Occupational Safety and Health Regulations;
i) Marine Personnel Regulations;
j) Pollutant Discharge Reporting Regulations,1995;
k) Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
l) Safety and Health Committees and Representatives Regulations;
m) Shipping Safety Control Zones Order;
n) Vessel Certificates Regulations;
o) International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, as amended;
p) Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement, 1971, and rules, 1971;
q) Protocol and Rules on space Requirements for Special Trade
Passenger Ships 1973;
r) Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their
Luggage by sea 1974;
s) International Convention on Tonnage Measurements of Ships,
1969;
t) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
ships, 1973, and the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL
73/78) and its Annexes;
u) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as
amended (SOLAS);
v) The International Safety Management (ISM) Code;
w) International Ship and Shore Facility Security (ISPS) Code;
PAGE 81 OF 164
x) The International Convention on Standards of Training,

Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 2010 (STCW
2010);
Ensure compliance with pollution-prevention
Competence:
requirements
Knowledge of the precautions Knowledge of precautions to be taken during fueling or oil

to be taken to prevent transfer; Precautions to be taken to prevent pollution of the
pollution of the marine marine environment by oil, sewage, garbage, antifouling
environment system or other pollutant and air pollution; Take
appropriate action in response to pollution incidents
onboard and found at sea; Importance of proactive
measures to protect the marine environment.
Anti-pollution procedures and Ability to describe the content and key points in a typical
all associated equipment shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP); Basic
knowledge of anti-pollution equipment required by
MARPOL Convention and Canadian regulations; Basic
knowledge of Garbage management plans.
Knowledge of the pollution Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to
prevention requirements as use the following Canadian Regulations:
contained in the Canadian
Regulations Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations;
Shipping Safety Control Zones Order.
Knowledge of the statutory requirements to report
pollution incidents as contained in the Pollutant Discharge
Reporting Regulations, 1995.
Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations
Competence: Monitor compliance with legislative requirements
Basic working knowledge of Introduction to maritime Law

the relevant IMO conventions
concerning safety of life at sea List of main originators of international conventions
and protection of the marine concerned with maritime law;
environment
PAGE 82 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of Introduction to maritime Law (cont’d…)

concerning safety of life at sea Describe flag state jurisdiction, coastal State jurisdiction
and protection of the marine and port State jurisdiction; The significance of the “no
environment more favorable treatment” clause in the SOLAS,
MARPOL, STCW and ILO Minimum Standards in
Merchant Ships Conventions; Ability to distinguish
between private and public international law; How public
maritime law is enforced through: survey, inspection, and
certification, penal sanctions and administrative
procedures;The importance of keeping up to date with
developments in new and amended legislation.
Awareness of the layout, application and content and
basic working knowledge of the following conventions
and codes:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from ships, 1973, and the Protocol of 1978 relating
thereto (MARPOL 73/78) and its Annexes;
International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 as
amended;
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,
1974 as amended (SOLAS);
The International Safety Management (ISM) Code;
International Ship and Shore Facility Security (ISPS)
Code;
The International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 2010
(STCW 2010);
Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement, 1971, and
rules, 1971;
Protocol and Rules on space Requirements for Special
Trade Passenger Ships 1973;
Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers
and their Luggage by sea 1974.
Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seaman
(For further details regarding the above Conventions
and Codes, refer to IMO Model Course No. 7.03).
PAGE 83 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of Convention of the Prevention of Marine Pollution by

the relevant IMO conventions Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter ( London
concerning safety of life at sea Dumping Convention) (LDC)
and protection of the marine
environment The aims of the Convention; Definition, for the purpose of
Convention: a) dumping; b) wastes or other matter; c)
special permit; d) general permit; Prohibited dumping;
Special permit required for dumping of wastes listed in
Annex II; Dumping of all other wastes requires a prior
general permit; Application of Article IV; Dumping in
case of force majeure; Regulations on the incineration of
wastes at sea; The appropriate authority of a Contracting
Party should issue prior special or general permits in
respect of matter intended for dumping: loaded in its
territory, loaded by a vessel flying its flag when the
loading occurs in the territory of a State not party to the
Convention.
International Convention Relating to Intervention on
the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, 1969
The rights of Parties to the Convention to intervene on the
high seas following a maritime casualty.
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil
Pollution Damage, 1969
Definition, for the purpose of the Convention: Ship,
owner, oil, pollution damage, preventive measures and
incident; The occurrences to which the Convention
applies; Liability; List of exceptions to liability.
International Convention on Tonnage Measurements
of Ships, 1969
Knowledge of the International Convention on Tonnage
Measurement of Ships, 1969; knowledge of the Vessel
Registration and Tonnage Regulations; requirement of
tonnage certificate for registering a vessel; requirement for
Panama and Suez tonnage measurements. TP 13430 -
Standards for the Tonnage Measurements of Ships.
International Convention for the Control and
Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments,
2004
Definition of ballast water, ballast water management and
sediments; The conditions where the application of this
Convention may be exempted; The application of the
convention; The management and control requirement
based on section B regulation B1-B6;
PAGE 84 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of International Convention for the Control and

the relevant IMO conventions Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments,
concerning safety of life at sea 2004 (cont’d…)
and protection of the marine
environment The Annex – Section A, B, C, D and F; The various
methods of ballast exchange; The standards that need to be
observed in ballast water exchange.
International Convention on the Control of Harmful
Anti-fouling Systems on Ship’s, 2001
Definition of anti-fouling system; The control of waste
material in Annex 1 of the Convention.
Guidelines on the enhanced Programmed of
Inspections During Surveys of Bulk Carriers and Oil
Tankers
The application of the guidelines; Definition of: overall
survey, close-up survey, substantial corrosion, corrosion
prevention system, critical structure areas and intermediate
enhanced survey; The requirements for enhanced survey
carried out during periodical survey; The requirement for
enhanced survey carried out during annual survey; The
intermediate enhanced survey; The preparation for survey.
Anti-Pollution procedures and all associated
equipment
Control of discharge of oil
The control of discharge of oil as stated in Regulation 9 of
MARPOL 73/78; Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas;
Methods for prevention of oil pollution and discharge
provisions for oil and oily waste from machinery spaces
outside special areas and within special areas; Bilge water
holding tank; Oily water separator; Oil discharge
monitoring and control system and oil filtering equipment
as stated in Regulation 16 of MARPOL 73/78; The
prevention of oil pollution as stated in Regulation 13F in
the event of collision or stranding and Regulation 13G in
the event of collision or stranding measures for existing
tankers of MARPOL 73/78; the retention of oil on board
as stated in Regulation 15 of MARPOL 73/78.
Oil Record Book (Part I machinery space operations
and Part II – Cargo/Ballast operations)
The requirements for the provision of Oil record books;
The various operation when the Oil record book has to be
completed;
PAGE 85 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of Oil Record Book (Part I machinery space operations
the relevant IMO conventions and Part II – Cargo/Ballast operations) (cont`d…)
concerning safety of life at sea
and protection of the marine The various entries that needs to be made in the Oil record
environment book with respect to above for following operations:
a) for machinery space operations (all ships);
b) for cargo/ballast operations (oil tankers);
The entries required for accidental or other exceptional
discharge of oil.
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)
including Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency
Plans (SMPEP) for oil and/or Noxious Liquid
Substances and Vessel Response Plan (VRP)
What is a Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan;
Content of a SOPEP; Which vessels must carry a SOPEP;
Guidelines for the Development of a Shipboard Oil
Pollution Emergency Plan; Link to IOPP certificate.
Shipboard Marne Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP)
Vessels required to carry a SMPE); Content of SMPEP.
Vessel Response Plan (VRP)
What is a Vessel Response Plan; Vessels required to carry
a VRP.
Overview of anti-pollution equipment, Sewage plant,
Incinerator, comminutor, ballast water treatment
plant
The operating procedures of anti-pollution equipment such
as: sewage plant, incinerator, communitor and ballast
water treatment plant.
Volatile Organic Compound (VOV) Management Plan,
Garbage Management System, Anti-fouling systems,
Ballast Water Management and their discharge
criteria
Volatile Organic Compound Management Plan
What is Volatile Organic Compounds; When VOC
emissions from the fuel/petroleum industry sources occur;
When VOC emissions from ships occurs; How to control
the emission; The aim of the VOC Management Plan.
PAGE 86 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of Proactive measures to protect the marine environment

concerning safety of life at sea Garbage Management Plan
and protection of the marine The content of the Garbage Management Plan; Which
environment vessels are required to carry a garbage Management Plan.
Garbage Record Book
Which vessels are to be provided with a Garbage Record
Book; The various operation when the Garbage Record
Book has to be completed; The various entries that needs
to be made in the Garbage Record Book; The disposal
criteria for cargo residues/cargo hold washing water
residues.
Anti-fouling systems
Basic knowledge of the IMO International Convention on
the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems; When did it
came into force.
Importance of proactive measures to protect the
marine environment
The need for taking proactive measures to protect the
marine environment; The proactive measures that can be
taken on board the ships to protect the marine environment
for shipboard operations, including: a) bunkering; b)
loading / discharging oil, chemicals and hazardous
cargoes; c) tank cleaning; d) cargo hold washing; e)
pumping out bilges (hold in engine room); f) ballast water
exchange; g) purging and gas freeing; h) disposal of other
garbage; i) discharge of sewage.
Laws of the sea
Conventions on the Law of the sea
The legal status of UNCLOS; The legal status of the
Geneva Conventions; The pollution of the marine
environment; Definition of dumping and force majeure.
Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone
Legal status of the territorial sea and its breadth,
Definition of internal waters; The legal status of road
steads; The right of innocence passage; Definition of
“passage” and “innocent passage”;Matters on which
coastal State laws or regulations may affect innocent
passage;
PAGE 87 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (cont`d…)
concerning safety of life at sea The obligations during innocent passage in a territorial
and protection of the marine sea; The use of sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in
environment the territorial sea; The obligations of nuclear-powered
ships and ships carrying dangerous or noxious substances;
The additional rights of a coastal State regarding ships
proceeding to internal waters or calling at a port facility;
The charges which may be levied on ships passing through
a territorial sea; The criminal jurisdiction of a coastal State
on board foreign ship passing through the territorial sea;
The coastal State’s obligation to facilitate contact between
consular authority of the flag state and the ship’s crew
when taking measures to arrest a ship; The civil
jurisdiction of a coastal State on board a foreign vessel
passing through the territorial sea; The extent of the
contiguous zone and the control a coastal State may
exercise therein.
International straits
The legal status of waters forming straits used for
international navigation; The right of transit passage;
definition of transit passage; the duties of ships in transit
passage; The meaning of “generally accepted international
regulations, procedures and practices”; The duty of ships
in transit passage regarding sea lanes and TSS; Matters on
which coastal State laws or regulations may affect transit
passage; The obligations of ships during transit passage;
The application of innocent passage to straits used for
international navigation; Definition of Archipelago and
archipelagic state; The right of innocent passage through
archipelagic waters; How sea lanes should be defined and
how ships should follow them; Archipelagic State may
designate TSS for any sea lanes; Ships must respect
established sea lanes and TSS.
Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf;
Definition of the exclusive economic zone and states its
breadth; Definition of continental shelf; The coastal
State’s jurisdiction over artificial islands, installations and
structures within its exclusive economic zone; The
establishment of safety zones around artificial islands,
installations and structures and the breadth of those zones;
The obligations of ships regarding safety zones.
PAGE 88 OF 164

Basic working knowledge of High seas

concerning safety of life at sea The freedom of the high seas; The nationality of ships;
and protection of the marine Documents issued when a State granted the right to fly its
environment flag; The status of ships regarding nationality; The duties
of the flag State with respect to ships flying its flag; Who
may withdraw a master’s certificate or a certificate of
competency or a license.
Protection and Preservation of the Marine
Environment.
The rights of coastal states to adopt laws and regulations
for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution in
respect of their exclusive economic zones; The
enforcement by flag States of measures for the prevention,
reduction and control of pollution from ships; The
enforcement by port States of measures of measures for
the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from
ships; The measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to
avoid pollution; The enforcements by coastal States of
measures for the prevention, reduction and control of
pollution from ships; Definition of maritime casualty.
Knowledge of the Canada Canada Shipping Act 2001 (CSA):

Shipping Act-2001
use the Canada Shipping Act-2001, Part 1 to 6, 7 and 8.
Knowledge of Canadian Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability

Regulations and vessels to use the following Regulations:
documentation
Fire and Boat Drills Regulations;
Life-Saving Equipment Regulations;
Vessel Fire Safety Regulations;
Vessel Certificates Regulations;
Marine Personnel Regulations.
Knowledge of management of Knowledge of the basic safety and familiarization training

personnel required for all members of the complement; Knowledge
of the organization and training of crews for emergencies
and related drills; Emergency procedure plans and station
bills for tankers, passengers and cargo vessels; Practical
knowledge of organization and training of the crew for
routine operations and maintenance;
PAGE 89 OF 164

Knowledge of management of (cont’d…)

personnel
Ability to apply task and workload management including:
a) Planning and coordination;
b) Personnel assignment
c) Time and resource constraints
d) Prioritization
Knowledge and ability to apply effective resource
management:
a) Allocation, assignment, and prioritization of resources;
b) Effective communication onboard and ashore;
c) Decision reflect consideration of team experience;
d) Assertiveness and leadership including motivation;
e) Obtaining and maintaining situational awareness.
Knowledge and ability to apply decision making
techniques:
a) Situation and risk assessment;
b) Identify and consider generated options;
c) Selecting course of action;
d) Evaluation of outcome effectiveness.
Comply with Marine Canada Labour Code

Occupational Safety and
Health legislation Basic knowledge of the content, application and ability to
use the Canada Labour Code, the Marine Occupational
Safety and Health Regulations and the Safety and Health
Committees and Representatives Regulations.
2.2.9 CELESTIAL NAVIGATION, LEVEL 2 (ASTRO 2)

multiple-choice questions on basic principles and practical navigation
calculations.
a) 20 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark each;
b) 4 practical calculations questions worth 5 marks each;
PAGE 90 OF 164
c) 2 practical calculations questions worth 10 marks each; and

d) 2 practical calculations questions worth 20 marks each.

Knowledge of basic nautical Solar system

astronomy
Composition and dimensions of the solar system; Ability
to identify planets useful for navigation; The earth’s
elliptical orbit; The eccentricity of the earth’s orbit; The
inclination of the earth’s axis to the plane of the orbit and
the stability of the axis and its effect on seasons changes;
The dates of the solstices and equinoxes; The concept of
the earth’s axial rotation giving day and night; The
varying length of daylight through the year; Daylight and
darkness conditions in various latitudes at the solstices and
equinoxes; The significance of the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn of the Arctic and Antarctic circles.
Celestial sphere and equinoctial system of co-ordinates
Description of the celestial sphere; The apparent annual
motion of the sun and the concept of the ecliptic;
Definition of celestial poles, celestial meridians,
equinoctial and the obliquity of the ecliptic; The
equinoctial as a fixed reference plane and the direction of
the First Point of Aries as a reference direction; The
equinoctial system of co-ordinates and definition of
sidereal hour angle, declination and polar distance; Ability
to extract information from the star diagrams in the
Nautical Almanac.
Hour angle
The concept of the earth’s axial rotation causing change in
the hour angle of bodies; Definition of Greenwich Hour
Angle (GHA), Local Hour Angle (LHA) and longitude,
and ability to explain their relationship; The rate of change
of GHA of the sun and Aries; The tabulation of SHA,
GHA and declination (and “d” and “v” corrections) in the
Nautical Almanac for all celestial bodies; Ability to
determine the geographical position of a body for any
given GMT.
PAGE 91 OF 164

Knowledge of basic nautical Daily motion and horizontal system of co-ordinates

astronomy
Definition of rational horizon, zenith, and nadir;
Definition of vertical circle and prime vertical circle;
Definition of elevated pole and depressed pole; Ability to
prove that the altitude of the elevated pole is equal to the
observer’s altitude; Definition of the observer’s upper and
lower celestial meridian; Ability to identify the apparent
daily path of all bodies; Definition of true altitude,
azimuth and true zenith distance; The relationship between
azimuth, quadrantal bearings and 360 notation bearing;
Ability to recognize rising and setting points and
definition of amplitude; The meaning of the term
circumpolar, and the conditions necessary for a body to be
circumpolar; The condition necessary for a body to cross
the prime vertical; The parts of the PZX triangle; Ability
to draw figures on the plane of the rational horizon and of
the observer’s celestial meridian, using the equidistant
projection to illustrate navigational problems and
principles.
Ability to use celestial bodies Sextant and altitude corrections

to determine the ship’s
position Definition of sextant altitude; Parts of the sextant; How to
retrieve and return a sextant into the storage box; Ability
to demonstrate how to use and read a sextant; Ability to
correct a sextant into which has been introduced one or
more of error of perpendicularity, side error or index error;
Ability to find the index error of the sextant by the
horizon; How to find the index error of the sextant by the
sun and stars; Ability to use the sextant for taking vertical
and horizontal angles; The purpose of altitude correction;
Definition of visible, sensible and rational horizon;
Definition of observed latitude and true altitude;
Definition of dip, refraction, semi-diameter and parallax
and explain their causes; Apply index error; Apply the
corrections for the items listed in the above objectives and
explain the factors determining their magnitude; Ability to
illustrate the effect of terrestrial refraction on the dip and
distance of the sea horizon; The use of the altitude
correction tables in the Nautical Almanac, including
reference to critical tables, interpolation tables and low-
altitude correction tables; Obtain the true zenith distance
from the true altitude of the body.
PAGE 92 OF 164

Ability to use celestial bodies Amplitudes

Ability to determine the observed altitude of the sun when
position
the true altitude is zero; The effect of latitude on the
accuracy of amplitude observations; Ability to calculate
the LAT and LMT on the theoretical and visible rising and
setting of the sun; Ability to extract the information from
the tabulation of the rising and setting of the sun in the
Nautical Almanac.
Time and equation of time
Description of the apparent solar day and what is the
relationship between LHA (sun) and LAT; Definition of
the sidereal day and what is a fixed interval; The reasons
for the sun’s irregular rate of change of SHA and the
necessity to adopt the astronomical mean sun for
timekeeping purposes; Ability to describe the equation of
time (ET) and its components; Ability to determine the ET
from the Almanac and its sign of application; Definition of
GMT, LMT and longitude; Definition of zone times and
standard times; How to alter the ship’s time during a
passage with increasing or decreasing longitude; The use
of time signals; Ability to determine the error of a
chronometer or watch.
Nautical Almanac
The information contained in general in the Nautical
Almanac and in detail in the daily pages; Ability to use the
tables of corrections and incremental corrections in the
Nautical Almanac; Ability to find the LHA of a body,
given the date, GMT and longitude of the observer; The
importance of the First Point of Aries; Ability to find the
LHA of Aries, given the date, GMT and longitude of the
observer; What is meant by the sidereal hour angle of a
star and obtain it from the Nautical Almanac; Derive the
LHA of a star from the LHA of Aries and the SHA of the
star; Ability to use the information in the Nautical
Almanac to obtain the LMT of the meridian passage of a
body to the nearest minute and interpolates for the
observer’s longitude when necessary.
Latitude by meridian altitude
Ability to apply the true zenith distance of a body when it
is on the observer’s meridian to the declination of the
body, to obtain the observer’s latitude; Apply these
correctly when the declination and latitude have the same
names or have different names;
PAGE 93 OF 164

Ability to use celestial bodies Latitude by meridian altitude (cont’d…)

position The relationship between the altitude of the elevated pole
and the latitude of the observer; What is meant by a
circumpolar star, and the terms upper and lower transit;
Ability to find the value of the polar distance of the body,
using declination; Ability to apply the polar distance to the
true altitude of a body at a lower transit to find the altitude
of the elevated pole and the latitude; Ability to calculate
the direction of the position line and the latitude of the
observer by meridian altitude.
Pole star observations
Ability to identify certain major stellar constellations and
navigational stars describe their movement relative to
Polaris and the movement of Polaris with change of
latitude; Ability to identify Polaris; Ability to identify
major constellations; Ability to describe the motion of the
stars about Polaris; The relationship between the altitude
of Polaris and the observer’s latitude; Deduce from the
above objective that the true altitude of Polaris can be used
to find the latitude of the observer; Obtain the corrections,
-1 , + a0, + a1, +a2, from Pole Star tables in the Nautical
Almanac and apply them to the altitude of Polaris to find
the latitude of the observer; Ability to find the true
azimuth of Polaris from the tables and the direction of the
position line.
Position fixing
Combine the equinoctial and horizon system of co-
ordinates to determine the centre and radius of a position
circle and its direction in the vicinity of a selected
position; Apply the principles of a method of enabling the
navigator to draw a small part of the position circle in his
vicinity to at a practical problem; Ability to determine the
direction of a position line through an observer and a
position through which it passes; Ability to define and
evaluate the co-latitude, polar distance and zenith distance
and use them as the side of the PZX triangle; Ability to
solve the PZX triangle to find the calculated zenith
distance of the body when it is out of the meridian; Apply
this calculated zenith distance to the true zenith distance of
the body to find the intercept and the intercept terminal
point. Ability to determine the true azimuth of the body
from tables and determine the direction of the position
line;
PAGE 94 OF 164

Ability to use celestial bodies Position fixing (cont’d…)

position Ability to find the position of the observer at the time of
the final observation, given two or more position lines
with the courses and distances run between the
observations.
Determine position and the Classify stars by apparent magnitude; Recognize stellar
accuracy of resultant position constellations as seen from earth; Kepler’s laws;
fix by any means Determine the hour angle and declination of the planets;
Determine the time of visible rising and setting of the sun
by use of the nautical Almanac; Determine the azimuth
and hour angle of true rising and setting of the sun; Civil,
nautical and astronomical twilights; The influence of
latitude on the duration of twilight, including the
conditions necessary for twilight all night, continuous
daylight and continuous darkness; Ability to calculate the
time of meridian altitude of the planets and stars; Altitude
corrections for the planets and stars; The relation between
time and longitude and between time and hour angle;
Ability to calculate position lines by means of all the
celestial bodies in any position; Ability to choose stars
suitable for observation in the twilight period; Ability to
identify stars by means of a star chart, a star finder and by
calculations.
Ability to determine the Sailings

Ship’s position by Parallel,
Definition of “departure”, “true course” and “rhumb line”;
Plane and Mercator sailing
Ability to derive the plain sailing formulae; The
relationship between departure and difference of longitude
in cases involving a change of latitude, by using mean
latitude; Parallel sailing formula; Ability to calculate the
distance between two positions on the same parallel of
latitude; Ability to calculate the difference in longitude for
a given distance run along a parallel of latitude; Ability to
derive the final position after sailing along a parallel of
latitude; Use the Plane sailing formula; The meaning of,
and can derive, mean latitude; Ability to calculate the
correct departure to use in a plane sailing problem; Ability
to calculate the course and distance between two positions,
using the plane sailing formula; Ability to calculate a DR
position or an estimated position by using the plane sailing
formula, given compass course and compass error,
distance by log, estimated speed, tidal and current
information and leeway; The layout of a traverse table;
PAGE 95 OF 164

Ability to determine the Sailings (cont`d…)

Ship’s position by Parallel,
Plane and Mercator sailing Ability to derive the information required in a parallel or
plane sailing problem, using a traverse table or calculator;
Ability to solve problems of plane sailing; Ability to solve
problems of DR and fixing positions, using plotting charts;
Mercator Sailing formula; Ability to use the mercator
formula to calculate course and distance between two
positions; Ability to use the Mercator formula to calculate
the final position, given the initial position, course and
distance.
Ability to determine the Great circle sailing

Ship’s position by Great
Circle sailing Understanding of great circle sailing including composite
and limited latitude great circles; Ability to calculate the
initial course and distance of a great-circle track; Ability to
calculate composite great circles; The use of gnomonic
charts for plotting the great circle between two points;
Ability to transfer a great circle from a gnomonic to a
Mercator Chart.
Navigating in high latitudes Knowledge of the special considerations to be applied

when navigating in high latitudes due to rapidly changing
weather conditions, low and ice-masked coast lines; rapid
convergence of meridians; extreme refraction and false
horizons; low horizontal intensity of the earth’s magnetic
field; chart projections, including non-triangulated chart
and lack of detail; loss of accuracy in plotting; gyro
compass limitations; extended twilight; majority of
observations being low altitude; decreasing importance of
error in time; front and back altitudes to offset refraction;
slow rate of change of altitude in relation to azimuth;
maintaining track and estimated position; determination of
the most suitable heavenly bodies; approximate setting on
a sextant to observe any heavenly body; calculation of EP
in heavy weather.
PAGE 96 OF 164
2.2.10 ELECTRONIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS

a) 20 multiple choice questions worth two marks each;
b) 5 multiple choice questions worth four marks each;
c) 1 descriptives questions on “Radar / ARPA” worth 20 marks; and
d) 1 descriptive question on « Compass » worth 20 marks.
Knowledge of electronic Introduction to Hyperbolic positioning System

systems of position fixing
Ability to describe, with reference to position fixing, the
nature of a hyperbola; The principles of the hyperbolae
being position lines and ability to draw a hyperbolic
pattern; The causes of ambiguity and reduced accuracy in
the baseline extension area; Method of ascertaining
position
Loran-C and E-Loran
Knowledge of the Loran-C and E-Loran system; Ability to
draw block diagram of a Loran-C receiver, showing how
time differences are measured; How ambiguity in position
line is resolved; Why third-cycle matching is used; How
the use of sky waves affects the measured time difference;
Ability to describe typical radii of coverage areas; Ability
to identify the Loran chart and the additional information
printed thereon; Switch on equipment, select chain and
relate the time differences obtained to the correct station
pair; Ability to recognise warnings which indicate that the
system may be faulty; The basic operating principles of E-
Loran; The principal difference between E-Loran and
traditional Loran-C; The use of E-Loran when satellite
services are disrupted; Ability to describe the control,
operating and monitoring systems of E-Loran; The view
mode and signal tracking of E-Loran; The advantages and
limitations of E-Loran.
PAGE 97 OF 164

Knowledge of electronic Global Navigation Satellite Systems

systems of position fixing
The principles of operation of global navigation satellite
systems; The intended level of accuracy of the system.
GPS systems and DGPS systems
The basic principles of the GPS; Ability to describe the
system configuration; Atomic clock signal information;
The frequencies that are used; Ability to describe the C/A
& P codes; How the basic line measurement is obtained;
The Dilution of Precision (DOP); The various DOPs that
are used; The various errors of GPS; Selective availability;
What is WGS 84; Datum shifts; The advantages and
limitation of GPS; The basic principle of Differential GPS;
DGPS frequency; The limitation of the DGPS receiver;
Ability to set-up and initialize a GPS/DGPS receiver.
GLONASS and GALILEO systems

The principle on which GLONASS works; The different
satellite constellation configurations under GLONASS and
GPS respectively; The advantage of the receiver capable
of operating both GLONASS and GPS ( combined
GPS/GLONASS system receiver); The limitation of the
GLONASS system receiver; The principles of Galileo as
the European satellite navigation system; Ability to
describe that Galileo comprises 30 medium earth orbit
(MEO) satellites in 3 circular orbits; The satellite
geometry and dual atomic clocks in the Galileo system;
The limitations of Galileo system receiver.
Knowledge of electronic depth Echo-sounders systems and logs

sounding system and speed
and distance measurement The principles of echo sounding:
a) The principles of sound transmission in water;

b) How an echo sounder uses sound to perform its
functions.
The components of an echo sounder:
a) Identify the principal components;

b) Ability to describe the function and operational
maintenance of each principal component.
PAGE 98 OF 164

Knowledge of electronic depth Echo-sounders systems and logs

and distance measurement Ability to demonstrate the setting up procedure for an
echo sounder:
a) Ability to list the controls found on an echo sounder;

b) Ability to demonstrate the function of each control;
c) Ability to prepare an echo sounder display for use.
The use of the echo sounder data:
a) Application of echo sounder data to general

navigation;
b) Application of echo sounder data to specific
navigation.
The errors and limitations of an echo sounder:
a) List and describe the errors of an echo sounder;

b) List and describe the limitations of an echo sounder;
c) The causes of inaccuracies to instrument or scale
error and their likely magnitude and measures that
may be taken to eliminate them;
d) Recognise the various types of false echo that may
be observed, describe their formation and state the
possible action to remove them from the trace;
e) The potential error due to trim, heel and transducer
separation; Name the different types of log.
The need for a log; Ability to determine the speed of the
vessel; Ability to determine the distance traveled by the
vessel; Ability to determine the log error;
PAGE 99 OF 164

Knowledge of electronic depth Echo-sounders systems and logs (cont`d…)

and distance measurement 1.1. Ability to identify the information given by a log; Ability
to identify the vessel’s speed through the water; Ability to
find the vessel’s speed over the ground.
Knowledge of the basic AIS and VDR systems

principle and the operational
use of AIS and VDR system The AIS Concepts and IMO standards; AIS Data,
information and frequencies; AIS Ship Installation; AIS
data overlays on ECDIS/ ARPA display; Ability to use the
AIS at sea; The function and carriage requirements of
VDR; Knowledge of VDR IMO standards; Knowledge of
VDR types.
Knowledge of ship’s compass Magnetism of the earth and ship deviation

and steering system
The theory of magnetism as applied to ferromagnetic
materials; Ability to describe a simple magnet, its poles
and the law of attraction and repulsion; Ability to describe
the magnetic field around a magnet; Ability to describe
magnetic induction and differentiates between hard and
soft iron; The meaning of the terms: intensity of
magnetization, permeability, magnetic susceptibility (no
mathematical formula required); Ability to describe the
magnetic field of the earth; Definition of magnetic poles
and magnetic equator; Definition of angle of dip; How the
earth’s total field can be split into horizontal and vertical
components; Definition of magnetic variation and why it
is a slowly changing quantity; Ability to describe the
compass needle in relation with the horizontal components
of the earth’s field and the field due to the ship’s
magnetism; The effect of introducing a disturbing
magnetic force into the vicinity of a compass needle;
Ability to use a vector diagram to find the field at a point
resulting from two given fields.
PAGE 100 OF 164

Knowledge of ship’s compass The Magnetic Compass

and steering system
Ability to sketch and describe the construction and the
composition of a liquid magnetic card; How the card is
kept practically horizontal in all latitudes Ability to
describe all the components elements of a magnetic
compass; Ability to describe magnetic compass liquid;
Definition of deviation; Ability to illustrate with sketches
the deviation on various heading produced by permanent
magnetism with a pole or poles lying in the plane of the
compass card; How deviation chart is made; The
precaution to be made around magnetic compass.;
Maintenance, error verification and compass adjustments.
The Gyro-Compass
The basic principle of a gyro-compass; Free gyroscope
and its gimbal mounting; What is meant by gyroscopic
inertia and precession; What is meant by tilt and drift; The
apparent movement of the gyroscope on the earth’s
surface, given its position and initial latitude; How a free
gyroscope can be made north-seeking by the use of gravity
control and describe the resulting oscillation of the axis;
The use of damping in azimuth and damping in tilt to
cause settling of the axis; How control and damping can
be achieved;
Ability to describe a familiar gyro-compass with particular
reference to:
a) The method of support;

b) Control and damping arrangement;
c) The method of maintaining the heading indication in
line with the axis of the gyro;
d) The transmission of the heading to repeaters;
The performance standard for heading control systems;
Ability to describe the starting and stopping procedure for
a gyrocompass;
PAGE 101 OF 164

Knowledge of ship’s compass The Gyro-Compass (cont`d…)

and steering system
Ability to demonstrate the correct starting procedure;
Ability to describe the correct stopping procedure;
Ability to describe the set-up procedure for a gyrocompass
repeater system;
a) What are the various applications of gyrocompass

repeaters;
b) Describe the set-up procedure for each type;
c) Describes how gyro heading input is supplied to radar
installation.
The alarms fitted to a gyro-compass; The operational
checks and performance monitoring functions to be
performed on a gyro-compass and repeaters; The checks
required for a gyro-compass;
The documentation necessary:
a) The limitations of a gyro-compass;
b) The effect of each limitation.
Fluxgate compass
Definition of singles axis and dual axis of a fluxgate
compass; Ability to explain basic operation; Explain
Transmitting Magnetic Compass; Solid state type.
Steering control system components
The principles of an automatic pilot system; The functions
of the manual settings; The procedures for change-over
from automatic to manual steering and vice-versa; What is
meant by an adaptive automatic pilot and how it
functions; The course monitor and off-course alarm; The
operation of the course recorder log; The other alarms
fitted to the system; The regulation regarding the use of
the automatic pilot; The recommendation on performance,
standards for automatic pilots.
Use of RADAR and ARPA to maintain safety of

Competence:
navigation
Knowledge of the basic theory Fundamental principles of a radar system

and operation of a marine
Radar System The principles of range and bearing measurement; The
function and siting of component.
PAGE 102 OF 164

Competence:
navigation
Knowledge of the basic theory Radiation hazard and precautions and safe distance
and operation of a marine
Radar System The importance of not storing radar spares nearer to
magnetic compasses than the specified safe distance; The
safety precaution necessary in the vicinity of open
equipment and the radiation hazard near antennae and
open waveguides.
Recognize that radar consists of computer component
The main components of a computer system: input device,
output device, printed circuit board, Central Processing
Unit (CPU), Memory; Relate computer processing to
radar: Analogue and digital concepts, analogue to digital
converter, Auto-tuning, Auto-clutter, Trails, manual
plotting, Image expansion and image averaging.
Characteristics of radar sets and factors affecting
performance
The relationship between maximum range and pulse
recurrence frequency; The relationship between detection
range and transmitted energy (power and pulse length);
The relationship between minimum range and pulse
length; The effects on bearing and range accuracy of beam
width, heading marker error, centring error, yawing,
parallax, variable range marker and gyro error; The effects
on bearing discrimination beam width, spot size, plan
position indicator tube size, pulse length, gain; The
difference between x-band radar and S-band radar
(Frequencies, antennas); Advantage and disadvantage of
X-band Radar; Advantage and disadvantage of S-band
Radar.
Factors external to the radar set affecting detection
Ability to use the equation for the distance to the radar
horizon and ability to explain the relationship between
antenna location and detection ranges; The effect of
variations in refraction on radar detection range (super
refraction, sub refraction, surface duct, elevated duct); The
effect of precipitation on radar detection ranges (rain, hail,
snow fog); Ability ti identify blind areas and shadow
areas, permanent blind and shadow sectors and their
relationship to the antenna location; How characteristics of
targets influence their detection range (aspect, shape,
composition, size); How clutter may mask targets (sea
clutter and rain clutter).
PAGE 103 OF 164

Competence:
navigation
Knowledge of the basic theory Factor which might cause faulty interpretation of the
and operation of a marine radar picture
Radar System
Relative motion and true motion presentation; The cause
and effect of interference; The cause and effect of side
echoes; The cause and effect of indirect echoes; The cause
and effect of multiple echoes; The cause and effect of
second trace echoes; The effect on radar performance of
power lines and bridge crossing rivers and estuaries; The
effect of the ship in seaway; The effect of ship in ice
covered waters.
IMO Performance standards for radar equipment
The performances standards contained in Res. 477(XII),

annexe 4, Recommendation on performance Standards for
Radar equipment as amended by IMO resolution MSC.64
(67) Annex 4; Required accuracy (range and bearing
measurement); Required discrimination (range and
bearing); Carriage requirement for radar as mentioned in
the Navigation Safety regulation SOR/2005-134.
Knowledge of the set up and Set up and maintain optimum radar display
the operation of Radar in
accordance with Ability to operate main controls (Power, antenna); Ability
manufacturer’s instructions. to operate transmitter controls (Standby/transit, pulse
length, PRF); Ability to adjust receiver controls to give an
optimal picture (tuning, gain, linear/logarithmic gain,
sensitivity time control, fast time control); Ability to
adjust display controls (brilliance, illumination, focus,
shift, range selector, range rings, VRM, EBL, mechanical
cursor, heading marker, anti-clutter); The presentation of:
Head-up, Course-up, North-up, relative motion mode,
True motion mode; The function of each radar display
control; The operation of radar in high speed Craft (ref.
High Speed Craft Code); Routine radar checks; The
periodic operational checks to be performed by the radar
operator; The purpose and the contents of radar logs.
Knowledge of an ARPA ARPA systems displays characteristics

System
Different display characteristics: Vectors, graphics, digital
read-out, PPC, PAD; Different ways in which targets may
be acquired; The sensors that supply ARPA input data;
The processing of the input data; The ARPA output
displays.
PAGE 104 OF 164

Competence:
navigation
Knowledge of an ARPA IMO performance standards for ARPA

System
IMO performance standards for ARPA as mentioned
inside IMO Resolution A.823(19), Annex,
Recommendation on Performance Standards for
Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPAs); The
requirements for acquisition and tracking targets; The
requirements for accuracy of ARPA; Operational warning
required; Which data which should be available in
alphanumeric form; The effects of sensor errors for ARPA
equipment complying with IMO performance standards;
Performance standards for gyro and log inputs; The
performance standards for range and bearing accuracy and
discrimination of radar; Knowledge of ARPA IMO
symbols; Carriage requirement for ARPA as mentioned in
the Navigation Safety regulation SOR/2005-134.
Acquisition of targets principles
The criteria for target acquisition; The criteria for
automatic selection of targets given in the set’s instruction
manual; The criteria to be used for manual acquisition
targets; The maximum number of targets which may be
acquired; Appropriate use of suppression of target
acquisition over certain areas.
ARPA tracking capabilities and limitations
Target tracking by ARPA; How targets are lost and alarm
activated; Common circumstances leading to target swop;
The effect of target swop on displayed data.
ARPA processing delays
The delay in the display of processed ARPA data after
target acquisition; Delay in the display of new data when
the target ship manoeuvres.
PAGE 105 OF 164
2.2.11 ORAL EXAMINATION ON GENERAL SEAMANSHIP

(OOW-O)
1) The oral examination is administered by a Transport Canada Marine
Safety and Security Examiner at a Transport Canada Marine Safety and
Security examination center. Candidates should demonstrate the ability to
apply the knowledge outlined in this oral examination syllabus by
appropriate responses, anticipations and reactions to a range of routine,
non-routine and contingency scenarios as presented by the examiner,
from the perspective of the duties and responsibilities associated to the
validity of the Watchkeeping Mate certificate.
2) The oral examination is of an unlimited duration.
Principles in keeping a Knowledge of the voyage planning requirements set out in

navigational watch section A-VIII/2 of the STCW Code.
Bridge procedures
The responsibilities and duties of the officer for
watchkeeping at sea, at anchor or in port; Watchkeeping
arrangements and principles to be observed for
watchkeeping at sea under different conditions and in
different areas as set out in the STCW Code, section A-
VIII/2, including under pilotage, and watchkeeping at
anchor and in port; The responsibilities and duties of the
officer for keeping a safe deck watch in port when
carrying hazardous cargo; purpose, necessity and general
content of standing orders, night orders, bridge or
movement book, ship’s logbook and similar material;
knowledge of steering orders and responses; the purpose
of maintaining a proper lookout; knowledge of the IALA
systems of maritime buoyage.
Collision regulations
A thorough knowledge of the content, application and
intent of the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at sea, 1972 with Canadian Modifications 1983.
PAGE 106 OF 164

Competence: Plan and Conduct a Passage and Determine Position
Steering control systems Steering control systems

Knowledge of steering control systems, including pre-
departure and pre-arrival tests, automatic pilot, operational
procedures and changeover from manual to automatic
control and vice-versa – adjustment of controls for
optimum performance; What is meant by an adaptive
automatic pilot and ability to explain how it functions; The
course monitor and the off-course alarm; The operation of
the course recorder; Other alarms fitted to the system; The
regulation regarding the use of the automatic pilot; The
recommendation of performance standards for automatic
pilots; The need for regular checking of the automatic
pilot to ensure that it is steering the correct course; The
factors to take into account regarding the change-over to
manual control of steering in order to deal with a
potentially hazardous situation; Emergency steering gear
procedures and use.
Competence: Manoeuvre the Ship
Knowledge of the effects of Provision and display of manoeuvring information

deadweight, draught, trim, recommended in Assembly resolution A.601(15); General
speed and under keel manoeuvring characteristics of merchant vessels of all
clearance on turning circles types; Definitions of terms: turning circle, advance,
and stopping distances transfer, drift angle, tactical diameter, track reach, head
reach and side reach; Turning circles of a ship in the
loaded and ballast conditions, at different speeds; The use
of the rate of turn indicator to assist turning of vessel;
Accelerating turn and decelerating turn; How speed
reduces during a turn under steady engine power; Stopping
distances in loaded and ballast conditions; Why a loaded
ship carries her way longer than when in ballast; The
effect of shallow or deep water on the turning circle;
Directional stability; Steering behaviour or directionally
stable and unstable ships.
Knowledge of the effects of How the effect of wind on a given ship depends upon: -
wind and current on ship the wind strength, - the relative direction of the wind, - the
handling above water area and profile, - the draught and trim, - the
ship’s fore-and-aft movement; Behaviour of the ship when
engines are put astern, the pivoting point; Behavior of a
ship moving ahead with a wind from various directions;
Effects of wind when making large turns, on a disabled
vessel, when the ship is slowed, when making sternway;
Creating a lee; The effect of current on the motion of a
ship, when in rivers and narrow channels, when turning in
a channel;
PAGE 107 OF 164

Competence: Manoeuvre the Ship
Knowledge of the effects of (cont`d…)

wind and current on ship
handling How a current may be used to control lateral movement
towards or away from a river berth; Use of an anchor to
dredge down with a current; Ability to manoeuvre the
vessel in simple turning and anchoring manoeuvres in
various conditions.
Knowledge of manoeuvres Distinguish between immediate action, delayed action and

and procedures for the rescue person missing situations; Manoeuvres required in a man
of person overboard overboard situation; Single turn, Williamson turn and
Scharnow turn manoeuvres; Situations in which each turn
is appropriate; The sequence of action to take when a
person is seen to fall overboard; The action to take when a
man-overboard report is received on the bridge.
Knowledge of squat, shallow Definition of shallow water, squat, blockage factor;

water and similar effects Shallow water effects as: increased directional stability, a
large increase in turning radius, the ship carrying her way
longer and responding slowly to changes in engine speed,
speed falling less during turns, squat increasing, trim
changing; Effect of squat on maneuverability; Effect of
bank suction and bank cushion in restricted waters; The
squat and other shallow water effects increase as the
blockage factor increase; Propeller and rudder effects on
steering, including wake current, transverse thrust and
screw race when going ahead and astern.
Knowledge of proper Preparation of anchors to be ready for use; The approach

procedures for anchoring and to an anchorage; The use of anchor buoys; Safety
mooring measures to be taken by the anchor party; Method of
letting go and the amount of cable to veer initially; Fittings
and cable markings; Communication with the bridge; How
to determine when the ship is brought up; Anchoring in
water too deep to let the anchor go on the brake; Securing
of anchors on the completion of anchoring; Preparation
and procedures during heaving up; Securing anchor gear
in preparation for sea passage; Use, care and stowage of
mooring lines, types of line used for mooring and their
characteristics; Names of the various mooring lines and
orders; Preparation to be made for berthing alongside,
including head ropes, stern ropes, breast ropes, springs,
stopper, heaving lines, winches, self-tensioning winches,
capstan, windlass, wire rope; Making fast on-shore
bollards being used by another ship; Use of mooring on
the bight and doubling up;
PAGE 108 OF 164

Competence: Manoeuvre the ship
Knowledge of proper (cont’d…)

procedures for anchoring and
mooring Use, handling and securing of towing wires; Handling and
securing of insurance wires; Use of lines in securing a
vessel and in warping alongside a berth; Use of lines in a
lock or lay-by; How to make fast tugs on towing hawsers
or lashed up alongside; Methods of mooring to a buoy;
Use of a messenger to pass on a wire or chain to a buoy;
Preparation, use, handling and securing of a pilot ladder.
Ice navigation Basic Knowledge of winterization; Knowledge and ability

to explain the danger of freezing temperature for the
vessel, the crew and the safety equipment; Knowledge of
special precautions to take when sailing in presence of ice;
Basic working knowledge of the content of TP 14335 -
Winter Navigation on the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Transit on the St-Lawrence Seaway Handbook

Seaway
Awareness of Part I – Condition of ships and Part III –
Seaway navigation of the Seaway Handbook.
Competence: Cargo Handling and Stowage
Loading and unloading of Safety of operations

cargoes
The responsibilities, duties and tasks of the OOW during
cargo handling, stowage and securing; the proper use of
derricks, cranes and other cargo gear; the surveillance of
cargo handling operations to ensure compliance with safe
working practices and regulations; protection of crew
members and stevedores; the significance of SWL
inscriptions on derricks, cranes and cargo gear; Basic
knowledge of the dangerous goods handling, stowage,
securing and carriage requirements as indicated in the
IMDG Code.
PAGE 109 OF 164

Competence: Response to emergencies
Precautions for the protection Contingency plans for response to emergencies;

and safety of passengers or Awareness of contingency plans for response to various
crew in emergency situations emergencies; Knowledge of the content of a muster list
and emergency instructions; The concept of dividing the
crew into teams; Knowledge of the composition of
emergency teams; Communication links between
emergency teams; The importance of drills and crew
training.
Actions to be take to deal with:
- fire in specific areas such as galley, accommodation,
engine-room or cargo space, including co-ordination
with shore facilities in port, taking account of the
ship's fire-control plan;
- rescue of victims of a gassing accident in an enclosed
space;
- heavy weather damage, with particular reference to
hatches, ventilators and the security of deck cargo;
- rescue of survivors from another ship or the sea ;
- leakages and spills of dangerous cargo;
- stranding ;
- abandoning ship.
Protection and safety of passengers; Knowledge of
specific duties assigned to officers and crew members for
the mustering, control and rescue of passengers.
Initial action to be taken The OOW initial actions to be taken following a collision,
following a collision or running aground, discovery of fire, sighting of derelicts,
grounding or other sighting or receiving distress signals, breakdown of aids or
emergencies: initial damage equipment, power failure, capsize of tugs when under tow
assessment and control or manoeuvring, collapse of crew member in tank or other
confined space, accidents to any person on board, ship;
Procedures for abandoning ship; Ability to determine
damage to own ship; Ability to measures to attempt to
limit damage to salve own ship; Precautions to be taken
when beaching; Actions to be taken on stranding; Means
of limited damage and salving the ship following a fire or
explosion; Steering arrangement using materials normally
found aboard ship; Means of constructing a rudder, where
practicable.
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Competence: Response to emergencies
Procedures to be followed for Measures for assisting a vessel in distress; Rescue of

rescuing persons from the sea, persons from a vessel in distress, from a wreck, or from
assisting a ship in distress, and the sea.
port emergencies
Emergencies in port
The OOW actions, which can be taken when emergencies
arise in port; action on discovery of fire aboard or ashore,
fire alarms ashore; precautions when taking on or
transferring fuel, water or stores; action to be taken in
event of excessive ranging, parted moorings, burst oil
lines, tank overflows, striking by another vessel, taking
bottom, leakage and spills of dangerous cargo.
Competence: Respond to a distress signal at sea
Knowledge of the contents of Search and Rescue

the IMO International
Aeronautical and Maritime Knowledge and understanding of the content and
Search and Rescue manual application of the IMO International Aeronautical and
Maritime Search and Rescue manual (IAMSAR).
Competence: Communicate effectively and in emergencies
Normal and emergency Recognition and knowledge of the meaning and use of
communications distress signals contained in the Collision regulations;
Recognition and knowledge of the meaning and use of the
lifesaving, emergency and distress signals contained in the
International Code of Signals; Emergency
communications within the GMDSS regulations;
understanding and use of the IMO standard Marine
Communication Phrases.
Inspect and report defects and damage to cargo spaces,

Competence:
Inspect and report defects and Knowledge and ability to explain where to look for
damage to cargo spaces, hatch damage and defects most commonly encountered due to
covers and ballast tanks Loading and unloading operations, corrosion, severe
weather conditions; Identify those elements of the ship
structure, which are critical to the safety of the ship;
Understanding of the purpose of the “enhanced survey
program”
Maintain Seaworthiness of the Understand fundamentals of watertight integrity, and the

ship closing of all openings including hatch covers, access
hatches and watertight doors; Preparations of a vessel for
heavy weather.
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Basic working knowledge of Basic working knowledge of the SOLAS and MARPOL
the relevant IMO conventions conventions; Purpose and application of the International
concerning the safety of life at Safety Management (ISM) and International Ship and
sea and the protection of the Shore Facility Security (ISPS) Codes; Purpose of Flag
marine environment State and Port State control.
Canadian legislation and Basic knowledge and application of the Canada Labour
regulations and vessels Code and the Marine Occupational Safety and Health
documentation Regulations; Practical knowledge of the rights and
privileges of the various certificates of competency and
endorsements required on board ship and issued by
Transport Canada; Basic knowledge of ship’s
documentation, inspection certificates, loadline
certificates, manning certificates, tackle book, oil record
book.
Competence: Seamanship
Mooring Lines Use, care and stowage of mooring lines, types of line used
for mooring and their characteristics; Names of the various
mooring lines and orders; Making fast on-shore bollards
being used by another ship; Use of moorings on the bight
and doubling up; Use, handling and securing of lines to
make fast a harbour tug; Use, handling and securing
towing wires; Use, handling and securing of insurance
wires; Use of lines in securing a vessel and in warping
alongside a berth, lock or lay-by; Use of mooring wire-
ropes reels; Types of fairleads, their construction, naming
and use; Use of rat guards.
Deck Machinery Practical use and care in the use of: electric and hydraulic
winches (ordinary and self-tensioning), windlasses and
capstans; Electric and hydraulic derrick winches and deck
cranes; Elevators and hatch opening systems.
Knots and Splicing Basic knotting, gripping and splicing with reference to
current practice, seizings, rackings, frappings, and
stoppers.
Rigging Practical knowledge of the rigging of ships, comprising

the names, purpose, and construction of standing and
running rigging; Reeving of blocks and purchases;
Rigging of stages and chairs; Rigging of booms for single
or doubled up operations; Names, purposes and
construction of the various parts of a boom; Stresses on
the various parts of a boom system during operation.
PAGE 112 OF 164
NAUTICAL SUBJECTS AT THE CHIEF MATE LEVEL:
2.2.12 NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS (NS&I)

a written test comprising descriptive questions.
3) The final examination is to be divided into three sections; they are:
a) 2 descriptive questions worth 20 marks each;
b) 2 descriptive questions worth 15 marks each; and
c) 3 descriptive questions worth 10 marks.
4) The final examination is of three hours duration.

5) The candidate should recognize the fallibility of all electronic aids, and
the importance of combining different methods and possessing a
continuing ability and preparedness to fall back on basic, non-electronic
navigation methods at any time.
Determine position and the accuracy of resultant
Competence:
position fix by any means
Using modern electronic Shipborne navigational equipment and systems

navigational aids, with specific
knowledge of their operating Thorough knowledge of the Navigation Safety
principles, limitations, sources Regulations, physical, operational and operator
of error, detection of requirements of marine electronic navigation systems
misrepresentation of including bridge design and visibility, electromagnetic
information and methods of compatibility of equipments on or in the vicinity of the
correction to obtain accurate bridge, equipments approval and maintenance of
position fixing equipments.
Integrated Navigation system (INS) and Integrated
Bridge system (IBS)
What is Integrated Navigation System; The three
categories of INS as defined by IMO; What is Integrated
Bridge Systems; The limitations of the systems;
PAGE 113 OF 164

Determine position and the accuracy of resultant
Competence:
position fix by any means
Using modern electronic Integrated Navigation system (INS) and Integrated

navigational aids, with specific Bridge system (IBS) (cont’d…)
knowledge of their operating
principles, limitations, sources Ability to assess the benefits of integrated systems of
of error, detection of navigation to particular vessel operations and identify the
misrepresentation of integrity of the information provided from the data inputs
information and methods of available, with particular reference to data requirements
correction to obtain accurate and quality.
position fixing Sound reception systems
Knowledge of the functions, principles, practical
application and operation of sound reception systems
required on a totally enclosed bridge, including functional
requirements, method of presentation and installation
requirements
High-Precision Position-Fixing Systems
General knowledge of principles and practical application
of high-precision position-fixing systems, including
Trisponder, Mini-Ranger, Decca Hi -Fix/6, Syledis B,
Raydist, Argo, MRD-1, and Trident III.
Dynamic Positioning Systems
General knowledge of the principles, practical application
and operations of dynamic positioning using taut wire,
acoustic, heading reference, radar, HPNS, INS and GPS
methods.
Time
Knowledge of the nature of time measurement systems in
use by electronic position fixing systems; relationship
between time measurement systems and the effect of the
measurement systems used on positional data.
Electricity Correct identification of faults and knowledge of

precautions to guard against the hazards associated with
electrical equipment.
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Competence: Determine and allow for compass errors
Knowledge of the principles of The parts of the magnetic compass and their function
magnetic compasses,
electromagnetic compasses The requirements of SOLAS Chapter V – Regulation 19 in
and marine transmitting regards to the requirements for the carriage of magnetic
magnetic heading devices and compasses; Pelorus; Parts and functions of the magnetic
ability to determine and allow compass; The operating principle of Transmitting
for errors of the magnetic Magnetic Compass; Performances standards for magnetic
compasses compasses.
The errors of the magnetic compass and their
correction
The importance of keeping a record of observed
deviations; Ability to determine deviations and prepare a
table or graph of deviations; The approximate coefficients
A, B, C, D and E; The equation for the deviation on a
given heading in terms of the coefficients; The conditions
which give rise to each of the coefficients; the use of the
approximate coefficients A, B, C, D and E; Why
coefficients A and E may exist at a badly sited compass;
The non-magnetic causes of an apparent coefficient A;
Coefficient B results from what; Induced magnetism; How
the deviation associated with the coefficient permanent B
varies with magnetic latitude; How the deviation
associated with the coefficient induced B varies with
magnetic latitude; Why the deviation due to permanent
magnetism should be compensated by permanent magnets
and that due to induced magnetism by spherical soft iron
correctors, where possible; The causes of heeling error and
how it varies with heel, course and magnetic latitude; The
correction of heeling error and why the correction does not
remain effective with change of magnetic latitude; The
correction of heeling error and why the correction does not
remain effective with change of magnetic latitude;
Definition of the constant lambda 1 and lambda 2;
Definition of the constant mu; How the soft iron spheres
increase the mean directive force towards magnetic north
and that the value of lambda with the spheres in place is
called ship’s multiplier;
PAGE 115 OF 164

Knowledge of the principles of The errors of the magnetic compass and their
magnetic compasses, correction (cont’d)
electromagnetic compasses
and marine transmitting The vertical force instrument and its use in correcting
magnetic heading devices and heeling error; Methods of obtaining a table of deviations;
ability to determine and allow Ability to analyze a table of deviations to obtain
for errors of the magnetic approximate coefficients; Anything which could affect the
compasses deviation of the compass should be stowed in its sea-going
position before correcting; The adjustment of the compass
by the analysis and or tentative methods and obtain a table
of residual deviations; The order in which corrections
should be made and why they are made in that order; How
heeling error may produce an unsteady compass on certain
headings after a large change of magnetic latitude and how
to deal with it; How sub-permanent magnetism gives rise
to retentive error; Definition of the magnetic moment of a
bar magnet; How the relative strengths of two fields may
be found.
Knowledge of the principles of The principles of gyro-compass

gyro-compasses and
transmitting heading devices The operating principles of the mechanical/ballistic gyro
and ability to determine and compass; The operating principles of other types of gyro
allow for errors of the gyro- compasses such as Fibre Optic gyro-compass and ring
compasses laser gyro-compass and their advantages over the
mechanical / ballistic gyro-compass.
Gyro-compass errors and corrections
Why a gyro-compass that is damped in tilt will settle with
its spin axis at a small angle to the meridian, except when
at the equator; The resulting error; Latitude error; Course
and speed error; The rate of tilting; How the tilt causes
precession in azimuth to the west on northerly headings
and to the east on southerly headings in compasses with
liquid ballistic control; How is the velocity error is
removed; How the correction is made in compasses that
employ other methods of detecting tilt; Ballistic
deflection; The behavior of a liquid ballast during a
change of speed or an alteration of course; The precession
resulting from ballistic deflection; The sensitive element
of a gyro-compass; The effect of rolling on a liquid
ballistic for various ship's headings; Why the movement
of the liquid causes an error except on the cardinal
headings; How intercardinal rolling error is reduced to
negligible proportions; The performance standards for
gyro-compasses.
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Knowledge of the systems The main systems under the control of the master gyro;
under the control of the The main types of gyro-compasses in use at sea; Refer to
master gyro and the operation manufacturer’s manuals to determine necessary
and care of the main types of maintenance tasks.
gyro-compasses in use at sea
Heading control systems / Automatic pilots
Knowledge of the functions, principles, operational
requirements, alarms, indicators and fall-back
arrangements required of Heading control systems / Auto-
Pilot systems; the differences between Heading control
systems and Auto-Pilot systems.
Rate of turn indicators
Knowledge of the functions, principles and operational
requirements of rate of turn indicators. Practical
knowledge of the Steering Appliances and Equipment
Regulations.
Establish Watchkeeping Arrangements

Competence:
and procedures
Knowledge of bridge Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) and Simplified Voyage

equipment and systems Data Recorder (S-VDR)
Meaning of Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) and Simplified
Voyage Data Recorder (S-VDR); The purpose of Voyage
Data Recorder (VDR) and Simplified Voyage Data
Recorder (S-VDR); The information contained in a VDR
and S-VDR is made available at what time and to whom;
The operation of a VDR and S-VDR; The requirements set
out in MSC resolution A.861(20) on the fixed type
protective capsule for S-VDR; Recording and tampering;
The continuity of operation of VDR and S-VDR; List of
data items recorded in the VDR and S-VDR; The Data
output interface of VDR and S-VDR, that they provide an
interface for downloading the stored data and playbacks
the information to an external computer. This interface is
compatible with an internationally recognized format,
such as Ethernet, USB, FireWire, or equivalent; The
software for data downloading and playback; Who is the
owner of the information; The recovery and relevant
information of VDR and S-VDR; The custody, read-out
and access to the VDR and S-VDR information; The
limitations of the receivers.
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Establish Watchkeeping Arrangements
Competence:
and procedures
Knowledge of bridge Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System

equipment and systems
The carriage requirement of Bridge Navigational Watch
Alarm Systems (BNWAS); The purpose of BNWAS;
What does the system monitor; When the BNWAS should
be operational; Operational modes; List of the operational
sequence of indications and alarms; Emergency call
facility; The limitation of the system.
Competence: Use radio-communication equipment
Knowledge of the Signal Manipulation

fundamentals of
electromagnetic signal Knowledge of the techniques used to generate, modulate,
generation and transmission detect and amplify radio frequency electromagnetic
and use of radio equipments signals; the effect of modulation technique, band and band
width on signal quality and detectability; the need for and
characteristics of common marine antenna types.
Radio-Communication Equipment
Knowledge of specific principles, practical application and
operation of typical radio-communication equipment in
current service. Practical knowledge of the Ships Station
Radio Regulations and Ship Radio Technical Regulations.
Radio-Communication Systems
Thorough knowledge of the regulatory requirements for
marine radio-communications systems; VTS and distress
and safety systems; organization and operating protocols
of satellite and terrestrial marine communication systems
for ship stations, satellite systems and terrestrial systems.
PAGE 118 OF 164
2.2.13 METEOROLOGY, LEVEL 2 (MET 2)

a written test comprising multiple-choice and descriptive questions.
a) 25 multiple choice questions worth two marks each; and
b) 5 descriptive questions that may contain simple drawing, worth 10
marks each;
Any other equivalency may be considered on a case by case basis
Competence: Forecast weather and oceanographic conditions
Ability to understand and Synoptic and prognostic charts and forecasts from any
interpret a synoptic chart and source
to forecast area weather,
taking into account local Ability to interpret the isobaric patterns of a synoptic
weather conditions and weather chart with interpolation and extrapolation as
information received by necessary; Ability to determine the geostrophic and
weather fax approximate surface wind speeds from the chart by use of
the geostrophic wind scale; Ability to determine the
weather associated with specific places within the plots;
Ability to determine the likely movement of pressure
systems; The use of prognostic charts; The information
given in shipping forecasts; The information received
from internet and e-mail.
The Range of Information Available
Knowledge of information available on weatherfax in
Canada and Worldwide; Forecast 12-24 hours, pressure,
wind, sea state, visibility, clouds, weather changes;
Knowledge of services available; Radio Aids to
navigation, Atlantic and Great Lakes, Pacific; Ability to
locate marine weather forecast areas; Understanding
weather forecasts for the Great Lakes, ability to use
MAFOR code; Assorted weatherfax in weather, satellite,
sea state and ice charts; Understanding of synoptic surface
analysis charts; Understanding of surface progs;
Understanding of wave charts, analysis, forecast;
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Ability to understand and The Range of Information Available (cont’d...)

interpret a synoptic chart and
to forecast area weather, Ability to evaluate the information given in ice charts;
taking into account local Ability to evaluate the use of 500hPa charts in forecasting
weather conditions and the progress of depressions; Ability to evaluate the value
information received by of personal observations of weather signs, in evaluating
weather fax weather trend; List of information available to the mariner
via internet and email; Ability to evaluate the information
received from internet and e-mail.
Weather forecasting
Ability to forecast anticipated local weather from synopsis
and prognosis information received, the movement of
meteorological systems, knowledge of local influences,
observation of local conditions and movement of own
ship.
The main types of floating ice, their origins and
movements
The formation of icebergs from floating glacier tongues
and from ice shelves, and the characteristics of each; The
formation of sea ice; Definition of ice tongue, ice shelf;
Freezing of fresh and salt water; Formation of land ice;
Greenland and Antarctic ice caps, glaciers; Ice types and
egg code; Type of ice, new, frazil, grease, slush, shuga,
nilas, pancake, young, grey, grey-white, first year, second-
year, multi-year, fast ice, pack ice, ice of land origin,
forms of floating ice (floe sizes); Ice fields and their
movement, icebergs and drift, iceberg routes, limits,
seasons, reasons for variation in numbers, difference
between northern and southern hemisphere icebergs; The
reasons for the decay of icebergs; Presence of icebergs in
North Pacific, North Atlantic lane routes, International Ice
Patrol.
The guiding principles relating to the Safety of
Navigation in the vicinity of ice
The signs which may indicate the proximity of ice on clear
days and nights; The ranges at which observers may
expect to detect ice visually in varying conditions of
visibility; The limitations of radar as a means of detecting
ice; The precautions to be taken when navigating near ice,
and when ice is suspected in vicinity; Avoidance, shelter,
warmer water, alteration of course and speed; Thorough
knowledge of the content and application of the TP 5064 -
Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters; Thorough knowledge
and ability to use the Canadian Annual Notices to
Mariners (Ice navigation section).
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Ability to understand and Conditions leading to ice accretion on ship’s

interpret a synoptic chart and superstructures, dangers and the remedies available
to forecast area weather,
taking into account local Icing of superstructures, causes, fog, freezing drizzle,
weather conditions and freezing rain, freezing spray; Action to be taken in the case
information received by of serious accumulation of ice; Ability to use the Mariner’s
weather fax Handbook, for estimating the rate of ice accretion;
Methods of avoiding or reducing ice accretion; Reports to
be made under International Conventions when ice is
encountered; The information to be given in radio
messages reporting dangerous ice; The iceberg
nomenclature in use by the International Ice Patrol; The
information to be given in radio messages reporting
conditions leading to severe ice accretion on ship’s
superstructures.
Knowledge of the Tropical revolving storms

characteristics of various
weather systems, including Definition of path, track, vertex or cod, vortex or eye,
tropical revolving storms and trough line, angle of indraught, dangerous semi-circle,
avoidance of storm centers dangerous quadrant, navigable semi-circle; Local
and the dangerous quadrants nomenclature of TRS; Regions and seasons of greatest
frequency of TRS; The conditions associated with the
formation of TRS; The factors which affect the future
movement of a TRS; The typical and possible tracks of
TRS; The factors associated with the decay of TRS;
Ability to draw a plan of a TRS showing isobars, wind
circulation, path, track, vortex or eye, trough line,
dangerous semicircle, dangerous quadrant and navigable
semicircle for North and South hemispheres; The reasons
for the naming of the dangerous semicircle; Ability to
draw a cross section through a TRS showing areas of
cloud and precipitation; The characteristics of a TRS, i.e.
size, wind, pressure, eye, cloud and precipitation
sequence; The signs which give warning of the approach
for the TRS; The methods of determining the approximate
bearing of an approaching TRS; The method of
determining in which sector of a TRS the ship is situated;
The correct avoidance procedure when in the vicinity of a
TRS; Given the position and direction of travel of a TRS
and ship’s voyage information, ability to indicate the
appropriate measures to avoid the danger sector of a TRS;
The messages required to be sent in accordance with the
requirements of SOLAS, when a TRS is encountered, or
suspected to be in the vicinity; Messages required to be
sent in accordance with the requirement of SOLAS when a
wind of or above storm force 10 is encountered which has
not previously been reported.
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Knowledge of the Tropical revolving storms (cont’d…)

characteristics of various
weather systems, including Features distinguishing it from extra-tropical cyclone,
tropical revolving storms and small diameter, steeper pressure gradient, winds tangent to
avoidance of storm centers central isobars, eye absence of fronts; Warnings, radio
and the dangerous quadrants messages, projected track, unusual swell, appearance of
the sky, unusual changes in wind strength and direction,
corrected drop in barometric pressure; Hurricane and
typhoon anchorages.
Knowledge of ocean current Surface water circulation of the ocean and principal
systems adjoining seas
The effect of geostrophic force on surface current; The
generation of drift currents by prevailing winds; The
generation of gradient currents from differences in water
temperature and salinity; The generation of gradient
currents resulting from the indirect effect of wind causing
a piling up of water on windward coasts, as in the case of
the equatorial counter currents; The nature of currents
formed by a combination of the above as experienced by
western shores of large land masses; The general pattern
of surface water circulation to the atmospheric pressure
distribution;Ability to identify the principal individual
currents by name; The causes of individual currents where
explicitly stated in Meteorology for Mariners; The
classification of individual currents as warm or cold where
appropriate; The form in which surface current data is
presented in current atlases and on routeing charts; Ability
to evaluate qualitatively the use of this data in passage
planning; The derivation of the vector mean current;
Ability to compare qualitatively the values of the
information given by the current rose, the predominant
current and the vector mean current as aids to passage
planning.
Voyage planning principles with respect to weather
conditions and wave height
Ability to use the data from Ocean Passages of the world;
Climatological routeing; Definition of Significant wave
height; The factors affecting wave height and direction;
The methods employed in forecasting wave heights;
Optimum (Least time) routeing; The forms of routeing;
The methods of constructing a least time track; The merits
of ship and shore based routeing, and their limitations; The
construction of ships performance curves; The use on
monthly Routeing Charts;
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Knowledge of ocean current Voyage planning principles with respect to weather

systems conditions and wave height (cont’d…)
The construction and use of a Baillie wind rose;
Demonstrate familiarity with the forms of climatological,
meteorological and current data presented in the Sailing
Directions (Pilot Books) and in the Mariner’s Handbook.
The formation of sea waves and swell waves
Difference between seas and swells, definitions of period,
height, length, speed, steepness, fetch; Ability to select
and use data from Ocean Passages of the World; The role
of wind in wave formation; The importance of wind force
in wave formation; The importance of duration of wind
causing waves; The importance of fetch in the growth of
waves; Ability to use Dorrenstein’s nomogram for
forecasting; Wave heights; The relationship between sea
waves and swell waves; The decay of swell waves as they
travel from the area of origin; Wave groups, waves in
shallow water, ground swell, breakers and surf; Swells in
forecasting tropical revolving storms; Effect of coast,
wind, currents, tide; Storm surge; Effect of ice on waves,
ice crystals, pack ice; Tsunamis and tidal waves,
description, epicentre, dangers, tsunami warning system,
true tidal waves and tidal bores; Seiche.
Ability to calculate tidal Apply the relevant weather conditions to tidal

conditions calculations
The non-astronomical component of sea level;
Irregularities of the tide; Accuracy of the predicted tide
level; The use of tide tables; Ability to determine the
predicted height of water at a given time in a tabulated
port; Ability to determine the predicted time for a given
time level; Ability to demonstrate the use of tidal stream
charts; definition of zero level of the charts; The effect of
high or low atmospheric pressure on tide levels; The effect
of persistent winds on tide levels and tidal times; The
effect of abrupt changes of weather conditions on tidal
levels; The origin and areas of prevalence of seismic
waves. The use of computer programs to obtain tidal
information; The use of harmonic constant method of tidal
prediction; The reliability of tidal predictions.
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Use all appropriate Nautical publications and information which can be

navigational publications on obtained via internet and e-mail on tides and currents
tides and currents
Ability to use tidal height calculations in passage
planning, with regard to limiting draughts and times of
available depth of water; Ability to use tidal stream
information in passage planning, with regard to effect on
course made good, and effect on speed, timing of events;
Ability to use current information in passage planning,
with regard to effect on course made good, and effect on
speed, timing of events. Ability to use information which
can be obtained via internet and email on tides and
currents in passage/voyage planning.
2.2.14 CARGO, LEVEL 3 (CG 3)

a) 1 descriptive question worth 10 marks;
b) 2 descriptive questions worth 15 marks each; and
c) 2 descriptive questions worth 20 marks each;
d) 1 question worth 20 marks on drawing up a proposed loading plan
and complete stability calculation form for ocean and sheltered
waters voyages for port warden’s approval prior to commencement
of loading Grain cargo. (Mandatory passing mark on this question
is 70%.)

room:
a) Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing;
b) BLU Code - Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading
of Bulk Carriers, Including BLU Manual;
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c) BCH Code - Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships

Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk;
d) IGC Code – International Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk;
e) IBC Code – International Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk;
f) IMSBC Code – International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code
and supplement;
g) IMDG Code – International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code,
Volumes 1 & 2 and Supplement;
h) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as
amended (SOLAS);
i) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
j) Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes,
1991, IMO Resolution A.715(17);
k) International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk;
l) TP 2534 -Canadian Code of Safe Practice for ships carrying timber
deck cargoes;
m) TP 215 – Instructions to Masters of vessels loading grain in
Canada;
n) Canada Shipping Act, 2001;
o) Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations;
p) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act;
q) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations;
r) Load Line Regulations;
s) International Conference on Load Lines, 1966 and regulation;
t) World Chart of Seasonal Zones, for Load Line Convention;
u) Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
v) MV Gypsum Centennial, Ship Stability Booklet, Grain;
w) MV Crane Island, Grain Loading Plan and Stability Booklet.
PAGE 125 OF 164

Plan and ensure safe loading stowage, securing, care
Competence:
during the voyage and unloading of cargoes
Knowledge of and ability to Plans and Actions Conform with International

apply relevant international Regulations
regulations, codes and
standards concerning the safe Ability to plan loading to comply with Load Line
handling, stowage, securing Convention in term of:
and transport of cargoes a) freeboard;
b) seasonal restrictions;
c) zones;
d) statical and dynamic stability requirements;
e) bunker requirements, and consider;
f) expected weather patterns.
Ability to plan loading to comply with the IMO Intact
Stability Code; Ability to plan cargo stowage and carriage
in compliance with the Code of Safe Practice for cargo
stowage and securing; Knowledge of content and
application of the Cargo Securing Manual; Ability to use
data from the cargo securing manual to plan a range of
cargo types.
Knowledge of loading cargoes Knowledge of loading cargoes and ballasting in order

and ballasting in order to keep to keep hull stress within acceptable limits
hull stress within acceptable
limits The importance of devising a cargo stowage plan and
loading / unloading plan; The stages of development of a
safe cargo loading or unloading plan; The reason to keep
the hull stress levels below the permissible limits by the
greatest possible margin; When making a plan for cargo
operations, the officer in charge must consider the
ballasting operation, to ensure what; The importance to
know the exact pumping rates achieved on board their ship
to ascertain and ensure the plan are devised and modified
accordingly; Ability to plan loading/de-ballasting
operations with acceptable stress parameters; Ability to
plan discharging/ballasting operations with acceptable
stress parameters.
PAGE 126 OF 164

Competence:
Stowage and securing of Timber deck cargoes

cargoes on board ships,
including cargo-handling gear Knowledge of the content of the Code of Safe Practice for
and securing and lashing ships carrying timber deck cargoes with respect to:
equipment - stowage of sawn timber, logs, cants and wood pulp;
- fitting of uprights;
- lashings and the arrangements for tightening them,
including the use of a wiggle wire.
The dangers of heavy seas breaking aboard and how to
minimize that risk; The action to take if cargo is lost
overboard or jettisoned; The maximum height of cargo
permitted on deck in a seasonal winter zone in winter; The
controlling factors for height of cargo at other times; The
requirements for fencing, for provision of walk-ways and
for access to the top of the cargo; Preparation, stowage
and securing of vessel to load timber cargoes including
logs, pit props, sawn lumber (loose or packaged) below
deck, on deck and on deck of vessel having timber
loadlines; The requirements when loading to timber load
lines;The stability information that should be available to
the master; When the worst stability conditions during a
voyage are likely to occur; The rolling period test for the
approximate determination of a ship’s stability and the
limitations of the method; The actions to be taken in the
event of the ship developing an angle of loll; Ability to
plan the loading and securing of a timber deck cargo.
Understanding and application of the Cargo, Fumigation
and Tackle Regulations and the Canadian Code of Safe
Practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes for the
safe stowage, stability, securing and carriage of timber,
height of cargo, protection of the crew, and safe practices;
Lashings, their tests, markings and certifications; Water
absorption and ice accretion.
Refrigerated cargo
Trading patterns and use of specialized refrigerated ships,
general cargo ships fitted with refrigerated lockers;
Refrigerated containers and other modes; Special carriage
requirements of various refrigerated cargoes and
separation of non-compatible cargoes;
PAGE 127 OF 164

Competence:
Stowage and securing of Refrigerated cargo (cont’d...)

cargoes on board ships,
including cargo-handling gear Preparation and inspection procedure of compartments,
and securing and lashing loading, carriage and discharging arrangements, stowage
equipment principles and safe carriage requirements; Special trade
and commodity requirements, shipper’s instructions and
joint deck and engine department responsibilities for safe
carriage; Need for maintenance of accurate records of
compartment temperature at all times; Palletised and
unitised refrigerated cargoes; Conditions for loading,
stowage, carriage and discharging arrangements,
malpractice in handling refrigerated cargoes; Care and
preparation of refrigerated compartments after discharge;
Types of refrigeration systems used and advantages and
disadvantages of each.
Care of cargo during carriage
Ability to plan the loading and stowage of a hold or holds
using a cargo list and reference books to take into account
of the carriage requirements of the various cargoes; The
precautions to avoid crushing and chafing damage and
which cargoes are most liable to be affected; How cargo
may be damaged by residues of previous cargo, dirty
dunnage or leaking fuel oil tanks; How cargo can be
damaged by dust and the precautions to take when
carrying commodities giving rise to dust;Which cargo are
particularly liable to damage by ship or cargo sweat and
how to minimize the risk of sweat damage; Any goods
containing liquids are liable to leak, ability to describe the
stowage required to prevent any leakage damaging other
goods; Goods spoiled by extremes temperatures; When
does overheating can occur; How to protect cargoes which
must be kept from freezing; The measures to take to
prevent pilferage of cargo during loading, discharging and
carriage; The damage to cargo which can result from the
use of fork-lift trucks and similar machinery in cargo
spaces and methods of preventing it.
Requirements applicable to cargo-handling gear
Definitions of: competent person, responsible person,
authorized person, lifting appliance and loose gear; The
requirements for guarding dangerous parts of machinery;
The Requirements for the marking of beams and portable
hatch covers; The requirements for fencing of openings;
The requirements for the testing of lifting appliances and
loose gear before they are used for the first time;
PAGE 128 OF 164

Competence:
Stowage and securing of Requirements applicable to cargo-handling gear

cargoes on board ships, (cont’d…)
including cargo-handling gear
and securing and lashing The requirements for periodic thorough examination and
equipment inspection of lifting appliances and loose gear; What is
meant by thorough examination; The records and
certificates which should be kept in respect of tests,
thorough examinations and inspections of lifting
appliances and loose gear; The marking of safe working
loads required on lifting appliances and loose gear;
Rigging plan.
Maintenance of cargo gear
Ability to prepare plans for the inspection of cargo gear;
Ability to undertake inspections of cargo gear so that any
safety issues associated with machinery, structure, running
and standing rigging and associated equipment is
identified and addressed before use; Ability to maintain
the records and plans required for the cargo gear; Ability
to develop maintenance plans and procedures for the
maintenance of machinery, structure, running and standing
rigging and associated equipment of cargo gear, including
blocks, shackles, wire and fibre ropes; Ability to provide
instruction to crew and ability to manage the maintenance
of cargo gear;The requirements for the annealing of
wrought iron loose gear; The precautions to be taken when
working aloft for the overhaul of cargo gear.
Maintenance of hatch covers
Trackways; Adjustments of draw chains; Lubrication of
wheels, gears, racks and pinions and other moving parts;
Side cleats and cross joint wedge mechanisms; Hydraulic
systems; Drainage channels and drainage holes; How to
check that compression bars are making complete contact
with sealing gaskets; How to check for weather tightness;
Ability to prepare plans and procedures for the inspection
and maintenance of hatch covers.
PAGE 129 OF 164

Competence:
Loading and unloading Loading stowage and discharge of heavy weights

operations, with special
regard to the transport of Ability to describe the correct procedure for handling
cargoes identified in the Code heavy weights and precautions to be taken; How a load
of Safe Practice for Cargo should be spread over an area of deck or tank top by the
Stowage and Securing use of dunnage to avoid heavy point loading between
beams and floors; The use of shoring in a tween-deck to
spread the load over a larger part of the ship’s structure;
Why double bottom tanks should be full or empty and the
ship upright before starting to load or to discharge; The
rigging of a heavy-lift derrick; Methods of securing heavy
lifts in the hold or on deck.
Care of cargo during carriage
Ability to outline the content of the Code of Safe Practice
for Cargo Stowage and Securing; How to stow and secure
containers on deck on vessels which are not specially
designed and fitted for the purpose of carrying containers;
The stowage and securing of containers and other cargo
units in ships other than cellular container ships; The
contents of the cargo-securing manual and its use; The
stowage and securing of road vehicles on ro-ro ships;
Recommended methods for the safe stowage and securing
of: portable tanks, portable receptacles, wheel-based
(rolling) cargoes, Coiled sheet steel, heavy metal products,
anchor chains, metal scrap in bulk, flexible intermediate
bulk container and unit loads; Actions which may be taken
in heavy weather to reduce stresses on securing
arrangements induced by excessive accelerations; Actions,
which may be taken once cargo, has shifted.
Methods and safeguards when fumigating holds
The reasons for the control of pests; The methods for the
prevention of insect infestation; How contact insecticides
in the form of sprays, smokes or lacquers may be used by
the crew for dealing with local infestation; The
information about the fumigation which should be
supplied to the master; Precautions to be taken before,
during and on completion of fumigation; The precautions
to be taken if essential crew members are permitted to
return before aeration of the ship; The precautions to be
taken if entry to spaces under fumigation is imperative.
PAGE 130 OF 164

Competence:
Loading and unloading Methods and safeguards when fumigating holds

operations, with special (cont’d…)
regard to the transport of
cargoes identified in the Code Knowledge of the content of Part II – Fumigation of the
of Safe Practice for Cargo Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations; Precautions to
Stowage and Securing be taken for fumigation in transit; The training which the
designated representatives should have; The items which
the ship should carry; The procedures for the fumigation
and the handling over of responsibility from the fumigator
in charge to the master; The safety checks on gas
concentration that should be made throughout the voyage,
records in the log books; The procedures to follow prior to
and on arrival at the discharging port; The precautions to
be taken during the discharge of cargo until the ship is
certified free of fumigants; The procedures for the carriage
of fumigated freight containers, barges and transport units
that are loaded after fumigation without ventilation; The
methods which may be used for the control of rodents;
The use of baits by the ship’s crew and the precautions to
observe; The use of pesticides is regulated by
Governments, and their use may be limited by the
regulations and requirements of: the country where the
cargo is loaded or treated, the country of destination, the
country of registration of the ship; The use of pesticides
by the ship’s crew and the precaution to observe; The
measures to be taken if clothing becomes contaminated;
The actions to be taken in the event of exposure to
insecticides resulting in illness.
General knowledge of tankers Terms and definitions

and tanker operations
Definition of petroleum; Saturated vapour-pressure;
Vapour/temperature relationship; Boiling point, influence
of pressure on boiling point temperature; Reid vapour
pressure ; Why the pressure in a tank is not necessarily the
same as the Reid Vapour Pressure of the oil it contains,
even at the standard temperature; Flashpoint; Why
flashpoint cannot be used as an absolute measure safety;
Definition of flammable; Flammable range, upper and
lower flammable limit; Definition of auto-ignition
temperature; Relationship between flash point, and lower
flammable limit; Viscosity of a fluid;
PAGE 131 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of tankers Terms and definitions (cont’d…)

and tankeroperations
Definition of pour point; Ability to calculate the volume of
dry residue as a uniform layer on the tank bottom; Ability
to calculate the volume of liquid residues as a wedge on
the tank bottom; Know the limitation of application of
wedge calculation.
Contents and application of the International Safety
Guide for Oil tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)
Contents of ISGOTT; Terminal, local and national
application; The general precautions to be taken on tankers
regarding:
- smoking, matches and cigarette lighters;
- Naked lights;
- The galley;
- Electrical equipment;
- Use of tools;
- Entry to enclosed spaces and pump-rooms.
The information which should be exchanged between the
ship and the terminal before arrival; Safety procedures
between the tanker and the terminal; Firefighting
equipment required; Safety measures against pollution and
actions to take in case of an accident are agreed before
transfer or cargo commences; The use of inert gas plant;
The hold and tank arrangements of combination carriers;
The safety aspects relating to the operation of double hull
tankers; Change over from oil to dry bulk cargo and from
dry bulk cargo to oil; Procedures of disposal with the oil
residues in the slop tank; What is load-on-top procedures;
Ship’s oil record book; Definition of gas-freeing; Why
inert gas is used to purge the tanks of hydrocarbon vapors
before introducing air on suitably equipped ships; What
checks are made during gas-freeing; Precautions to take
when person working in tanks; Cargo calculation; Density
of oil versus temperature; Petroleum Measurements Tables
for Crude Oils, products and Lubricating oils; Difference
between mass and weight.
Oil tanker operations and related pollution-prevention
regulations
Definition of “segregated ballast”, “clean ballast”, dirty
ballast”, “slop tank”;
PAGE 132 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of tankers Oil tanker operations and related pollution-prevention

and tankeroperations regulations (cont’d…)
Ability to describe an inert gas system and ability to
sketch the distribution of inert gas to tanks; Reasons for
ballasting; weather conditions/additional ballast; Why a
ship may have only clean or segregated ballast on board
upon arrival at a loading port; Criteria for the discharge of
oil from cargo-tanks areas of oil tankers; Procedures for
changing ballast at sea; How to dispose of dirty ballast;
How to decant the water contents of the slop tank; How to
proceed for the final flushing of cargo pumps and lines to
be used for discharge of clean ballast; At which distance
from shore the operation of discharging dirty ballast,
decanting the slop tanks and flushing lines can be done;
the reasons for tank cleaning; Ability to describe the use of
fixed and portable machines for tank cleaning; Ability to
describe the use of slop tanks during tank cleaning;
Describe crude oil washing and the reasons for requiring it
in crude oil tankers of 20000dwt and above.
Chemical tankers
Definition of a chemical tanker; What is dedicated
service; What is a chemical tanker engaged in parcel trade;
The most important of the rules governing chemical
tankers; IMO Conventions covering the carriage of
chemicals in bulk; The most important Codes and
Standards covering the transport of liquid chemicals;
Reasons for the Liquid products listed in Chapter 17 of the
IBC Code; What may be a safety hazards; Personnel
safety equipment, clothing and personal protection during
loading and discharging operations; Cargoes requiring
respiratory and eye-protection equipment; Equipment for
evaluation of atmosphere in tanks; How to use an
absorption tube gas detector for measuring the
concentration of a gas; What is meant by “the threshold
limit value (TLV) of a product” and “the odour threshold);
The importance of information about cargoes to be
handled; Where to found the information for products;
What information is necessary for the safe carriage of a
cargo; First Aid procedures, including the use of specific
antidotes for poisons; With the aid of a simple drawing,
ability to explain how cargo is routed from the manifold to
tanks on a chemical tanker with separate lines for each
tank.
PAGE 133 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of tankers Chemical tankers (cont’d...)

and tankeroperations
With the aid of a simple drawing ability to explain a
“closed circuit” loading operation using a vapour-return
line; What measures are taken during loading for the
purposes of quality control; Visual and audible high level
alarms and tank overflow control system; Before
discharging, procedures taken to verify if the product has
been contaminated on board during passage; With the aid
of a drawing, ability to explain how cargo is routed from
tank to the manifold on a tanker with deepwell pumps and
separate lines from each tank.
Tank cleaning and control of pollution in chemical
tankers
Different tank-cleaning procedures; Phases in a tank-
cleaning operation; The use of slop tanks to hold cargo
residues and tank washings; With the aid of a simple
drawing, ability to explain the cycle of a tank-washing
system from the seawater inlet to the slop tank; Content of
Annex II of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention; The new
four category pollution category system for noxious liquid
substances (X,Y,Z and OD); Certificate of fitness;
Procedures and Arrangements Manual ; Pollution-
prevention procedures during cargo transfer; Entries to be
made in the Cargo Record Book.
Gas tankers
Definition of liquefied gas; Liquefied gas products
transported by gas tankers are listed in Chapter 19 of the
IGC Code; Four groups of gas cargoes; What is LNG;
What is LPG; Which surveys are required for the issue of
an International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Liquefied Gases in Bulk; Content of certificate of fitness;
Definition of the following terms used in the IGC Code:
a) boiling point;
b) cargo area;
c) cargo containment system;
PAGE 134 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of tankers Gas tankers (cont`d…)

Definition of the following terms used in the IGC Code:
d) gas carrier;
e) gas-dangerous space or zone;
f) gas-safe space; g) hold space;
h) interbarrier space;
i) MAR VS;
j) primary barrier;
k) secondary barrier tank dome;
Four types of ships in IGC; What is the difference between
these four types of ships; What is the division into ship
types is based on; Ability to describe “integral tank”,
“membrane tank”, “semi-membrane tank”, “independent
tank”, and “internally insulated tank”;
Ability to explain the division of independent tanks into:
a) Type A, generally a self-supporting prismatic tank;
b) Type B, generally a self-supporting spherical tank;
c) Type C, generally a self-supporting cylindrical
pressure tank.
Location of shut off valves; Operation of the emergency
shutdown valves (ESD); Pressure relief system; Type of
cargo pumps;The uses of cargo heaters and vaporizers;
The effect of transfer of heat to the cargo on cargo
temperature and tank pressure; How is controlled the
cargo in pressure tanks; Ability to describe the single-
stage direct liquefaction cycle; The uses of inert gas; How
is measured the liquid level in cargo tanks; How to prevent
overflow; How cargo leakage through the primary barrier
can be detected; Ability to describe briefly the
arrangements for fire fighting on deck in the cargo area
and describe the water-spray system for ships carrying
flammable or toxic products.
Cargo Operations in Gas Tankers
Where the information for each product can be found;
Information needed before loading; Personnel safety
equipment, clothing and personal protection;
Communication between the ship and the terminal;
PAGE 135 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of tankers Cargo Operations in Gas Tankers (cont’d...)

Ability to describe briefly the following cargo operations:
a) drying;
b) inerting;
c) purging;
d) cooling down;
e) loading;
f) cargo conditioning on passage;
g) discharging;
h) changing cargoes;
i) gas-freeing; and
j) preparing for tank inspection;
Gas cargoes subject to the Regulations of ANNEX II of
MARPOL 73/78; International Pollution Prevention
Certificate for the carriage of noxious liquid substances in
bulk (NLS certificate); Procedures and Arrangements
Manual; Ability to calculate the vapour mass.
Knowledge of the operational Operational and design limitations of bulk carriers

and design limitations of bulk
carriers The problems that are generally considered to be
associated with bulk carriers includes, but is not limited to;
- high density cargoes, leading to loss of buoyancy or
structural failure, if holds are flooded in the loaded
condition;
- high loading rate, leading to possible loss of control
of load condition; with consequent high stresses;
- vulnerability to internal damage during cargo
loading and discharging operations, leading to
protective coating damage, accelerated corrosion,
and local structural failure;
- low freeboard, leading to high green sea loads on
deck structures;
- vulnerability to flooding of forward holds;
- rapid corrosion caused by corrosive cargo.
The minor damage to single sided ship structures or hatch
covers can lead to hold flooding; Nature of bulk cargoes
can give rise to a number of problems;
PAGE 136 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the operational Operational and design limitations of bulk carriers

and design limitations of bulk (cont’d...)
carriers
Ability to explain that cargoes such as coal produces gas
and acidic conditions, high density cargoes produce large
void spaces, and other cargoes can produce stability
problems due to shifting or liquefaction; The effect of a
single hold flooding on a bulk carrier; Corrosive effects of
some cargoes; Danger aspects of hold cleaning, ballasting
at sea and ballast exchange carried out at sea; Result of
improper cleaning; Why at shallow drafts ships in ballast
are vulnerable to slamming with the consequent risk of
bottom damage; Why loading operation of a bulk carrier
has been identified as an area of operations that can have
immediate and long term effects on the structural integrity
of the ship; Causes of high local stresses; The importance
of good coordination at the time of discharge and
ballasting of the ship; The reason why maintenance and
inspection play an important part in the safety of bulk
carriers; Static stresses in the hull structure; Why there is
an urgent need for action if a ship takes on an unusual trim
or heel, or if her motions become changed; The
vulnerability of the bulkhead in bulk carriers between
number 1 and 2 holds identified by IACS and IMO and the
potential consequences of this failing.
SOLAS Chapter XII Additional Safety Measures for

Bulk Carriers
Knowledge of the regulations provided as additional
safety measures for bulk carriers in Chapter XII of the
SOLAS convention which apply to bulk carriers of 150 m
in length and upwards, carrying high density dry bulk
cargoes, including:
- Damage stability and flotation;
- Structure of bulkheads and double bottoms;
- Overall longitudinal strength in the flooded state;
- Strength and flooding requirements for carrying
cargoes with densities of 1000kg/m3 or greater;
- The bulkhead strength requirements for carrying
cargoes of 1780kg/m3 or greater;
- Hold loading;
- Cargo density declarations;
- Provision of a loading instrument; hold, ballast and
dry space water ingress alarms;
- Availability of pumping systems;
- Restrictions from sailing with any hold empty;
PAGE 137 OF 164

Competence:
Knowledge of the operational The imposition of restrictions on loading higher density

and design limitations of bulk cargoes and homogenous loading in adjacent holds,
carriers including the endorsement of loading information and
marking of the ship; Surveys required for bulk carriers
over ten years old for the carrying high density bulk cargo.
CSR Bulk
What is IACS Common Structural Rules; The content of
IACS Common Structural Rules; The reasons for
implementing these rules; The critical areas of weakness
identified in bulk carrier and tanker structure and the
requirements for enhanced inspection identified in these
rules.
Loading, care and unloading Application of all available shipboard data related to
of bulk cargoes loading, care and unloading of bulk cargoes
Relevant information to be appraised prior planning of

loading a bulk cargo; outlines the relevant publications,
IMO codes and recommendations that should be referred
to prior loading a bulk cargo:
- SOLAS regulation VI/7 and the related Code of
practice for the safe loading and unloading of bulk
carriers (BLU Code);
- International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC);
- International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in
Bulk;
- Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and
Securing.
The procedure for loading a bulk cargo in detail; Ability to
prepare cargo stowage plans after carefully considering
and assessing information such as seasonal load line
zones, port restrictions, shipboard limits, e.g. draft, cargo
capacity, stability, stresses and loading rates; The
information that the shipper should declare prior to
loading bulk cargo; The content of the loading manual;
Loading rate, the de-ballasting capacity of the vessel;
applicable strength and draught limitations; Ability to plan
the loading, care and unloading of bulk cargoes using the
ship's approved loading manual and the typical
information provided; The action that should be taken if
the Master does not believe they have been provided with
the required or correct information relating to the cargo to
be loaded; The requirements for the carriage of loading
instruments;
PAGE 138 OF 164

Competence:
Loading, care and unloading Application of all available shipboard data related to
of bulk cargoes loading, care and unloading of bulk cargoes (cont’d...)
The typical information that can be obtained from a
loading instrument; the certification, testing and use of a
loading instrument; Ability to utilize a typical loading
instrument to plan and monitor bulk carrier loading,
ballast exchange and discharge operations.
Code of practice for the safe loading and unloading of
bulk carriers (BLU code)
The contents of the Code of Practice for the Safe Loading
and Unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU code) in relation to:
- planning the sequence of operation;
- communications and coordination between ship and
terminal;
- allocation of ships to appropriate terminals;
- condition of ships and terminal equipment;
- training of ship and terminal personnel;
- requirement to be familiar with and comply with local
regulations;use of safety checklists;
- responsibility of the Master;
- additional considerations in relation to dangerous
cargoes;
- the use of the BLU Manual by terminal staff ;
- the impact of arrival and departure condition on
manoeuvrability;
- actions to minimize hull and local stress;
- actions to take where acceptable hull and local stress
levels may be exceeded.
PAGE 139 OF 164

Competence:
Safe cargo handling in Establish procedures for safe cargo handling in

accordance with the accordance with the provisions of the relevant
provisions of the relevant instruments such as;
instruments
- IMDG Code
- IMSBC Code
- MARPOL 73/78, Annexes III and V
- The procedures that should be followed for

accepting solid bulk cargoes, packaged dangerous
goods and marine pollutants for shipment in terms
of: the required documentation;
- ensuring that the condition and labeling of the
goods are fit for carriage;
- ensuring that the vessel is able to safely stow the
cargo in terms of vessel certification, the ability to
achieve separation and segregation requirements
and the availability of any particular safety
equipment that might be required.
Ability to develop stowage plans for cargoes that
contain multiple packaged dangerous goods and ensure
that separation and segregation requirements of IMDG,
IMSBC and MARPOL are achieved; Ability to prepare
dangerous goods manifests and stowage plans in
accordance with IMDG requirements;
The preparations and precautions that should be taken
prior to the handling of bulk cargoes, packaged
dangerous goods and marine pollutants in terms of:
- preparation of space;
- mooring of the ship;
- Information exchange and communication with
port and regulatory authorities; flag and light
signals;
- provision of emergency, fire and protective
equipment.
PAGE 140 OF 164

Competence:
Safe cargo handling in The appropriate action to take in case of general and
accordance with the medical emergencies involving packaged dangerous goods
provisions of the relevant using the EMS and MFAG guidance of the IMDG Code;
instruments The risks that might be created by undeclared dangerous
goods or goods that are not packaged or
separated/segregated in accordance with the IMDG Code;
The loading and discharge of dangerous goods, bulk
cargoes and marine pollutants may be subject to port and
national regulations in loading and discharge ports in
addition to the requirements of the IMO codes.
Procedures in the safety management system for the

reporting of incidents involving the loss, or likely loss of
harmful substances; Location of goods as per MARPOL
Annex III/4 (3); Special list of manifest compliant with
section 5.4.3 of the IMDG Code as per MARPOL Annex
III/4 (3); Marine pollutant and any other dangerous goods
are stowed as required by Chapter 7.1, Section 7.1.4 of the
IMDG Code in order to comply with MARPOL Annex
III/5; Disposal of dry bulk cargo residues; Meaning of
cargo-associated waste; Meaning of operational wastes;
Garbage Management plan; Garbage Record Book; How
cargo residues are created; How to control spillage of
cargo during transfer operations; MARPOL Annex V.
Effective communications and Basic principles for establishing effective

improving working communications and improving working relationship
relationship between ship and terminal personnel
The necessity for effective communication and working

relationships between ship and terminal;
PAGE 141 OF 164

Assess reported defects and damage to cargo spaces,
Competence: hatch covers and ballast tanks and take appropriate
action
Effective communications and Basic principles for establishing effective

improving working communications and improving working relationship
relationship between ship and terminal personnel (cont’d...)
The information that should be exchanged between the
ship and terminal:
- prior to ship’s arrival;
- when arriving in a part loaded condition or with
residues;
- for combination carriers (OBO or O/O);
- in relation to the readiness of holds to load cargo;
- in ensuring that the plan and understanding of the
operation is up to date and shared by both the ship and
terminal;
- ensuring that the cargo declaration as required by
chapter VI of SOLAS 1974 is completed;
- provisions for changing loading or unloading plans.
Loading plans should be kept by the ship and terminal for
a period of six months.
Limitation on strength of the Hull girder stress; Causes of the longitudinal bending;
vital constructional parts of a Ship’s torsional strength; Upper deck plating; Transverse
standard bulk carrier and bulkheads;; Types of cracking in the upper deck; High
interpret given figures for cyclical stress; Damage to hatch covers; Causes of
bending moments and shear corrosion; Visual inspection; Cargo hold inspection; The
forces common damage/defects that may occur on watertight
transverse bulkheads situated at the ends of dry cargo
holds of a bulk carrier; Fractures that may occur in the
deck plating at hatches and in connected coamings; Causes
of cracking in way of no. 1 cargo hold.
The damages caused by cargoes in cargo holds, especially

to tanktop plating and side:
- at loading and unloading ports for coal or iron ore,
large grab buckets, high-capacity cargo;
- loaders, bulldozers and pneumatic hammers may be
employed for cargo-handling operations;
PAGE 142 OF 164

Assess reported defects and damage to cargo spaces,
Competence: hatch covers and ballast tanks and take appropriate
action
Limitation on strength of the The damages caused by cargoes in cargo holds, especially
vital constructional parts of a to tanktop plating and side: (cont’d…)
standard bulk carrier and
interpret given figures for - large grab buckets may cause considerable damage
bending moments and shear to tank top plating when being dropped to grab
forces cargo;
- use of bulldozers and pneumatic hammers may also
be harmful to cargo hold structures and may result in
damage to tank tops, bilge hoppers, hold frames and
end brackets;
- umber cargoes may also cause damage to the cargo
hold structures of smaller bulkers that are employed
in the carriage of light bulk cargoes and lumbers.
Cracking on large bulk carriers; Ballast tanks. Ability to
interpret given figures for bending moments and shear
forces.
Methods to avoid the Principal factor in the loss of many bulk carriers;
detrimental effects on bulk Corrosive effects of cargoes; Causes of improper cleaning
carriers of corrosion, fatigue during hold cleaning; Causes of corrosion due to ballast
and inadequate cargo exchange; Prevention of corrosion; Vulnerable aspects of
handling a bulk carrier operation; Damages to bow plating; Causes
of hatch cover dislodgment; Metal fatigue; What can
weaken the vessel’s structural capacity; Areas that are
prone to fatigue cracks in the cargo holds; Causes of
carriage of high density cargoes; Damages to side shell.
Competence Carriage of dangerous goods
International regulations, International Regulations and Codes

standards, codes including the
International Maritime Understand and ability to apply the content of
Dangerous Goods (IMDG) International Regulations Standards, Codes and
and the International Recommendations on the carriage of dangerous cargoes,
Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes including the International Maritime Dangerous Goods
(IMBSC) Code and (IMDG) Code; the International Maritime Solid Bulk
recommendations on carriage Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, International Code for the
of dangerous cargoes Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied
Gases in Bulk (IGC Code), International Code for the
construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code).
PAGE 143 OF 164

Competence Carriage of dangerous goods
Carriage of dangerous, Dangerous Goods in packages

hazardous and harmful
cargoes; precautions during Knowledge of the requirements of SOLAS chapter VII on
loading and unloading and the carriage of dangerous goods; Knowledge of the
care during the voyage content and application of the International Maritime
Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code; Knowledge of the
content of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act
and Regulations; Knowledge of the content of the Cargo,
Fumigation and Tackles Regulations concerning the
transportation of dangerous goods; The content of the
shipper’s declaration of dangerous goods; The marking
and labelling required on packages or cargo units; Actions
to take when documentation packaging, labelling or the
condition of packages does not meet the requirements of
the IMDG Code; Ability to describe the information given
for individual substances; Knowledge of the content of the
IMO Emergency procedures for ships carrying dangerous
goods (Ems), the IMO Medical first aid guide for use in
accidents involving dangerous goods (MFAG) and the
International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS); The
requirement for a dangerous goods manifest or stowage
plan and the ability to describe how they should be
prepared; Ability to plan loading, stowage and segregation
in accordance with the IMDG Code The explosives which
may be carried on passenger ships; The information given
in an emergency schedule; Given a loading list of
dangerous goods, ability to use the IMDG Code to plan a
stow and segregation and extracts the relevant references
to EmS and MFGA; Definitions of dangerous substances,
port authority, regulatory authority, designated port
officer, and responsible person as used in the
Recommendations on the Safe Transport, Handling and
Storage of Dangerous substances in port areas; The
inspections which may be made by a port authority;
Communications with the port authority; The requirements
regarding mooring a ship carrying dangerous substances;
PAGE 144 OF 164

Competence: Carriage of dangerous goods
Carriage of dangerous, Dangerous Goods in packages (cont’d…)

cargoes; precautions during The measures which should be taken by the responsible
loading and unloading and person in connection with:
care during the voyage a) the weather;
b) lighting;
c) protective clothing; and equipment;
d) intoxicated persons;
e) fire and other emergency procedures;
f) reporting of incidents and safety precautions.
The handling precautions which should be observed

regarding:
a) Avoidance of damage to packages;

b) Access to handling areas;
c) Lifting goods over dangerous goods stowed on deck;
d) Escape of a dangerous substance from a package;
e) Entry into enclosed spaces.
Special precautions for loading or unloading explosives.
Solid Bulk Cargoes
Knowledge of the content of the International Maritime
Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC); The main hazards
associated with the shipment of bulk solids; Information
which should be supplied by the shipper to the master
before loading; How to distribute a high density cargo
between holds when detailed information is not available;
Understanding and application of Division 2 of the Cargo,
Fumigation and Tackle Regulations on solid bulk cargo
other than grain cargo. Safety aspects of shipment
conditions; Handling, safe stowage and carriage of bulk
cargoes including ores, concentrates and materials as
stated in Code of safe practice for bulk cargoes;
Definitions, precautions, hazards, tests, specifications,
contamination, corrosion; Hazards of improper weight
distribution resulting in structural damage; Improper
stability or reduction of stability during voyage;
PAGE 145 OF 164

Carriage of dangerous, Solid Bulk Cargoes (cont’d…)

cargoes; precautions during Angle of repose, moisture migration, saturated ores and
loading and unloading and spontaneous heating; General precautions relating to
care during the voyage stability; Effects of high density bulk cargo; Hold
Preparation, including bilges, pipes and service lines;
Ventilation systems, dust intakes; Moisture content,
transportable moisture limit, sampling conditions;
Description of tests, certificates and questionnaire;
Preparation of proposed loading plan; Stowage plan and
loading sequence to be submitted to port warden for
approval prior to loading; Clearance from Port Warden on
completion of loading and before sailing;
Precautions to take before, during and after loading of
bulk cargo; Precautions to take to minimise the effect of
dust on deck machinery, navigational aids and living
quarters; The health hazards which may be associated with
bulk materials; How to trim cargoes having an angle of
repos; of less than or equal to 35 degrees and greater than
35 degrees; How to stow material which flows freely like
grain; The IMSBC Code method for determining the
approximate angle of repose on board ship; The types of
cargo which may liquefy during carriage; Precautions to
be taken to keep liquids out of holds where such cargoes
are carried and the danger of using water to cool a
shipment of these materials; The test for approximately
determining the possibility of flow which may be carried
out on board ship; IMSBC Code group of cargoes; The
content and use of the BLU Code, BLU manual,
MSC/Circ. 908 – Uniform Method of Measurement of the
Density of Bulk Cargoes, MSC/Circ. 1146 – Lists of Solid
Bulk Cargoes for which a Fixed Gas Fire-Extinguishing
System may be exempted or for which a Fixed Gas Fire-
Extinguishing System is ineffective, Res. A. 864(20) –
Recommendations for entering Enclosed Spaces Aboard
Ship, MSC.1/Circ. 1264 – Recommendations on the Safe
use of Pesticides in Ships Applicable to the Fumigation of
Cargo Holds, and BC.1/Circ.66 – Contact names and
Addresses of the Offices of Designated National
Competent Authorities Responsible for the Safe Carriage
of Grain and Solid Bulk Cargoes; List of materials
possessing chemical hazards; The uses of tables for
segregation between incompatible bulk materials and
between bulk materials and dangerous goods in packaged
form; Ability to use the IMSBC Code to extract all
necessary information for the safe carriage in bulk of a
stated cargo.
PAGE 146 OF 164

Carriage of dangerous, International Code for the Safe carriage of grain in

hazardous and harmful bulk
cargoes; precautions during
loading and unloading and Understanding and application of Division 3 of the Cargo,
care during the voyage Fumigation and Tackle Regulations, of Part C of Chapter
VI of SOLAS 1974 (amended 2004) and of the
International Code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk
(International Grain Code) ; The Code requirements for
minimum stability in terms of initial meta centric height,
angle of heel due to assumed grain shift and residual
dynamic stability; Preparation of vessel for Department of
Agriculture authorization to commence loading; The
method of verifying that the loading of a vessel supplied
with a Document of Authorization meets stability
requirements using volumetric heeling moments, cargo
details and maximum deadweight heeling moments; The
conditions which must be met before a ship without a
document of authorization may load grain; Presentation to
Port Warden; Ability to draw up a proposed loading plan
and complete the stability calculation form for ocean and
sheltered waters voyages for port warden’s approval prior
to commencement of loading;
The use of physical precautions to reduce cargo
movement:
- The use and fitting of longitudinal divisions in both
filled and partly filled compartments;
- The use of Part C of the Code to determine the
scantlings for uprights and shifting boards;
- The construction of a saucer as an alternative to a
longitudinal division in a hatchway;
- The use of bagged grain or other suitable cargo
stowed in the wings and ends of a compartment to
reduce the heeling effects of a grain shift;
- Methods of securing the free grain surface in partly
filled compartment.
Given a ship’s data and details of consumption of fuel and
of fresh water for an intended voyage, ability to prepare a
stowage plan for a cargo of bulk grain and performs the
calculations to check that the proposed stowage complies,
at all stages of the voyage, with the stability criteria set out
in Chapter VI of SOLAS 1974.
PAGE 147 OF 164
2.2.15 SHIP MANAGEMENT, LEVEL 3 (SM 3)

a written test comprising of 10 descriptive questions worth 10 marks
each.
room:
a) Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act;
b) Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations;
c) Ballast Water Control and Management Regulations;
d) Canada Labour Code;
e) Canada Shipping Act-2001;
f) Load Line Regulations;
g) Marine Personnel Regulations;
h) Marine Transportation Security Act;
i) Marine Transportation Security Regulations;
j) Merchant Seamen’s Compensation Act;
k) Pilotage Act;
l) Potable Water Regulations for common carriers;
m) Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations;
n) Shipping Casualty Reporting Regulations;
o) Vessel Certificates Regulations;
p) Pollutant Discharge Reporting Regulations;
q) Cargo, Fumigation and Tackle Regulations;
r) Vessel Clearance Regulations;
s) Vessel Registration and Tonnage Regulations
t) Transportation Safety Board Regulations;
u) Marine Occupational Safety and Health Regulations;
v) Administrative Monetary Penalties Regulations;
w) Fire and Boat Drills Regulations;
x) Safety Management Regulations;
y) Regulations amending the Safety Management Regulations;
z) Maritime Labour Convention, 2006;
aa) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
PAGE 148 OF 164
bb) International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 as amended;

cc) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as
amended (SOLAS);
dd) The International Safety Management (ISM) Code;
ee) International Ship and Shore Facility Security (ISPS) Code;
ff) The International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, including 2010
Manila Amendments (STCW 2010);
gg) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships
Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004;
hh) International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions; and
ii) The Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) Convention,
1979.
4) The examination is of a three hours duration
Monitor and control compliance with legislative
Competence: requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at
sea and the protection of the marine environment
Knowledge of international Certificates and other documents required to be

maritime law embodied in carried on board ships by International Conventions
international agreements and
conventions and National Certificates and other documents required to be carried on
Legislation for Implementing board ships by International Conventions and their period
International Agreements and of validity; List of certificates and documents required to
Conventions be carried on board ship is published by the IMO, how can
the list may be obtained; How each of the certificates and
documents required to be carried on board ships are
obtained; Knowledge of harmonized system of survey and
certification; Certificates and documents required to be
carried on board domestic vessels and their periods of
validity; Knowledge of the enhanced diagramme of
inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and of oil
tankers.
PAGE 149 OF 164

Knowledge of international Responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the

maritime law embodied in International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
international agreements and (SOLAS)
conventions and National
Legislation for Implementing Obligations of the master concerning the sending of danger
International Agreements and messages relating to dangerous ice, a dangerous delerict,
Conventions other dangers to navigation, tropical storms, sub-freezing
air temperature with gale force winds causing severe ice
accretion or winds of force 10 or above for which no storm
warning has been received; The information required in
danger messages; The obligations of the master of a ship at
sea on receiving a signal from any source that a ship or
aircraft or a survival craft thereof is in distress; The rights
of the master of a ship in distress to requisition one or
more ships which have answered his call for assistance;
When the master of a ship is released from the obligation
to render assistance; The requirements for the carriage of
navigational equipment; Manning of a vessel; Manning is
subject to Port State Control inspection; The content of the
minimum safe manning document referred to in Assembly
resolution A481(XII), Principles of safe manning; The
procedures for the testing of the ship’s steering gear before
departure; The requirements for the display of operating
instructions and change-over procedures for remote
steering gear control and steering gear power units; The
requirements for emergency steering drills; The entries
which should be made in the log-book regarding the
checks and tests of the steering gear and the holding of
emergency drills; Ships are to carry adequate and up-to-
date charts, sailing directions, list of lights, notices to
mariners, tide tables and other nautical publications
necessary for the voyage; Which ships should carry the
International Code of Signals.
Responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the

international Conference on Load Line 1966
The general requirements of the Conditions of Assignment
to be met before any vessel can be assigned a loadline; The
factors that determine the freeboards assigned to a vessel;
The requirements and coverage of initial, renewal and
annual surveys; The contents of the record of particulars
which should be supplied to the ship;
PAGE 150 OF 164

Knowledge of international Responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the

maritime law embodied in international Conference on Load Line 1966 (cont’d...)
international agreements and
conventions and National The documentation and records that must be maintained on
Legislation for Implementing the ship in terms of: certificates, record of particulars,
International Agreements and record of freeboards and information relating to the
Conventions stability and loading of the ship; The preparation required
for renewal and annual loadline surveys; The treatment of
a port lying on the boundary between two zones or areas;
The circumstances in which an International Load Line
Certificate (1966) would be cancelled by the
Administration.
Marine Personnel and Watchkeeping
STCW Convention:
Knowledge of the International Convention on Standards
of Training, Certification and watchkeeping for Seafarers
1978 as amended (STCW Convention) and STCW Code;
The principles underlying the STCW Convention; The
content and application of the STCW Convention; How to
implement the regulations for ensuring fitness for duty;
Shipboard familiarisation; What tasks or duties elementary
basic Safety familiarization involves for a watchkeeping
officer; How to organize ship board training and how to
maintain records; Penalties for breaches of STCW
Convention; IMO audits.
Marine Personnel Regulations:
Knowledge of Part 2 of the Marine Personnel Regulations
relating to the crewing requirements for Canadian vessels,
in particular the training and familiarization required, the
minimum complement, the safe manning documents, the
validity of certificates and endorsements, the deck watch,
the engineering watch, the radio watch and the medical
examination of seafarers.
Pollution prevention
Responsibilities under the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, the Protocol of
1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) and their Annexes
as modified from time to time;
PAGE 151 OF 164

Knowledge of international Pollution prevention (cont’d)

maritime law embodied in
international agreements and The prevention of pollution by Oil (Annex I), by Noxious
conventions and National Liquid Substances in Bulk (Annex II), by Harmful
Legislation for Implementing substances carried by sea in packaged forms (Annex III),
International Agreements and by Sewage form ships (Annex IV), by Garbage from ships
Conventions (Annex V) and the prevention of Air pollution (Annex VI);
Anti-fouling system on ships, 2001; The Arctic Waters
Pollution Prevention Act; The Arctic Shipping Pollution
Prevention Regulations; Vessel Pollution and Dangerous
Chemicals Regulations; Pollutant Discharge Reporting
Regulations.
Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast
Knowledge of International Convention for the Control
and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments,
2004; Knowledge of the Ballast Water Control and
Management Regulations.
Management for the safe operation of ships
Knowledge of SOLAS Chapter IX (Management for the
safe operation of ships); the International Safety (ISM)
Code and the Safety Management Regulations; The
principles underlying the ISM Code; The content and
application of the ISM Code.
Maritime Security
Knowledge of SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (Special measures to
enhance maritime security); the International Ship and
Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code; and the Marine
Transportation Security Act and Regulations.
Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006)
Working knowledge of the Maritime Labour Convention
2006 provisions relating to the management of personnel
on board ship, with particular reference to:
- Engagement of crew;
- Employment conditions;
- Crew entitlements and repatriation;
- Medical requirements.
PAGE 152 OF 164

Competence: Monitor and control compliance with legislative
requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at
Knowledge of international Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006) (cont’d…)

international agreements and Advantages for ships of ratifying countries; What does the
conventions and National MLC 2006 aims to establish; Ability to identify the
Legislation for Implementing certificates required by MLC 2006 to be carried on board;
International Agreements and Validity of certificates.
Conventions Marine Personnel Regulations:
Knowledge of Part 3, of the Marine Personnel Regulations
relating to Maritime Labour Standards, in particular the
requirements regarding age, seafarer recruitment and
placement, conditions of employment, the hours of work
and hours of rest, food and water, on board complaint
procedures and log books.
ILO Convention
General knowledge of International Labour Organization
(ILO) convention; Ability to outline the requirements of
ILO Convention 152, the Occupational Safety and Health
(Dock work) Convention, 1979, which apply to ships.
Charter Parties
Definition of a charter party and voyage charter party;
Knowledge of charter parties, including interpretation of
various agreements; How contracts are drawn up; The
tendering of notice of readiness at the loading port; If a
ship is not ready to receive cargo by the cancellation date,
what would be the consequences; What is meant by
laytime and the terms “running days/hours”, “Sundays and
Holidays excepted”, and weather working days; The
consequences if cargo work is not completed within the
permitted laytime; On-hire and off-hire procedures;
common-law warranties; Demurrage and dispatch; Freight;
Deviation; disputes and claims as they relate to laytime
and demurrage.
Procedures for receiving, and delivering cargo
The period for which the ship is deemed responsible for
the cargo under conventions for the carriage of goods and
under typical carriage contracts evidenced by bills of
lading or charter parties; Steps taken to ensure the damage
is recorded and endorsed where appropriate on the bill of
lading; The importance of endorsing mate’s receipts for
the condition of goods and packages;
PAGE 153 OF 164

Knowledge of international The endorsements of mate’s receipts and/or bills of lading

maritime law embodied in for goods in dispute; The endorsement of mate’s receipt
international agreements and and/or bills of lading for cargoes where the weight and
conventions and National quality are not known; The actions to take when a clean
Legislation for Implementing mate’s receipt or bill of lading is demanded for cargo
International Agreements and which is not in apparent good condition; Why letters of
Conventions indemnity offered in return for clean bills of lading should
be refused; The documentation which should accompany
dangerous goods and is required before loading; the
importance of containers having their seals and locks in
place when loaded; If damage to cargo is suspected, the
importance of noting protest before commencing
discharging; The procedures for noting protest and
extending protest; The importance that an independent
cargo survey is arranged when cargo damage is suspected
or found on opening hatches; How to deal with empty bags
or packages, sweepings and other loose goods; The
procedure for claiming for damage done to the ship during
loading and discharging; To whom cargo should be
delivered; The potential consequences of delivering cargo
to the incorrect party or under a letter of indemnity; The
procedures that should be adopted when requested to
deliver cargo against a letter of indemnity. The elements to
be considered by the master when accepting cargo units or
vehicles for shipment.
Cargo
International Convention for the Unification of Certain
Rules of Law relating to Bills of Loading, as amended by
the Protocol of 1968 (Hague-Visby Rules); definition of:
carrier, contract of carriage, goods, ship and carriage of
goods; Duties of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy
and fit for the carriage of cargo; Describe the carrier’s duty
to care for the cargo; Describe the duty of the carder,
master or agent of the carrier to issue a bill of lading; List
of information which should be shown in a bill of lading;
Bill of lading is prima facie evidence of the receipt by the
carrier of the goods; The importance of accuracy of marks,
number, quantity and weight; Duty of the carrier, master or
agent to issue a “shipped” bill of lading after the goods are
loaded; Mandatory domain of the Hague-Visby Rules; The
carrier’s liability for loss or damage arising or resulting
from unseaworthiness; Exceptions to the carriers
responsibility for loss or damage; The shippers
responsibility for loss or damage sustained by the carrier
or ship;
PAGE 154 OF 164

Knowledge of international Cargo (cont’d…)

international agreements and The right to deviate for the purpose of saving life or
conventions and National property; The limitation of liability for loss or damage and
Legislation for Implementing the circumstances in which benefit of limitation is lost;
International Agreements and The provisions regarding goods of an inflammable,
Conventions explosive or dangerous nature; The liability of the carrier’s
servants (Himalaya clause).
Noting and Extending Protest
What is a note of protest; Knowledge of the master’s
obligations, and circumstances when it is advisable to note
and extent protest.
Letter of protest
What is a letter of protest; Difference with a letter of
protest and a protest note.
Ship’s Agents and Agency
Functions of agents, including their appointment, authority
and duties; Different type of agents.
Port of Refuge procedures
Definition of port of refuge; Business aspects of putting
into port with damaged ship or cargo; justifiable deviation;
Rule X for expenses at port of refuge provided in the
York-Antwerp Rules; Difference between a port or place
where a vessel seeks temporary shelter and a port of
refuge; What is a “common maritime adventure”;
Declaration of general average; Procedures for any
particular port or place of refuge in general to be followed;
Ability to outline the evidence required at port of refuge.
The master/pilot relationship
Definition of maritime pilot; IMO Assembly Resolution
A,960(23), “Recommendations on Training and
Certification and Operational Procedures for Maritime
Pilots other than Deep Sea Pilots’; Legal aspects of
compulsory and non-compulsory pilotage; Knowledge of
the Pilotage Act; Pilot’s responsibility to master; Master
relieving pilot; When a pilot shall not pilot; Pilotage
exemption or waiver as per Administrative Regulations;
License and certificate as per the General Pilotage
Regulations; Ship Owner liability for the consequences of
negligent navigation whiles the ship is under pilotage;
Transit through major canals such as Suez and Panama,
including boarding arrangements.
PAGE 155 OF 164

Competence: Monitor and control compliance with legislative
requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at
Knowledge of international Port State Control

international agreements and The aim of Port State Control; Awareness of the different
conventions and National Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Port State
Legislation for Implementing Control such as the Paris, Tokyo and other MOU; Ability
International Agreements and to identify how to ascertain which port state agreement a
Conventions particular port state might be party to and any areas of
particular focus that may currently be in place;
Appreciation of the scope of authority of Port State
Control and recognition of the right of national
administrations to inspect and detain vessels for non-
conformities; List of certificates and documents which are
checked during the inspection; Definition of “Clear
ground”; “Clear ground” to conduct a more detailed
inspection; Records of port state control inspections; What
is “Equasis”.
Canadian Legislation and Canada Shipping Act (CSA) 2001

Regulations
Knowledge of Canada Shipping Act-2001 relating to
Registrations, listing and recording; Personnel; Safety;
Navigation Services; Incidents, accidents and casualties;
Wreck; Pollution prevention and response – Department of
fisheries and oceans; Pollution Prevention – Department of
Transport; and Enforcement; Minister’s right to cancel or
suspend certificate of competency; Knowledge of offences
and legal consequences.
Canada Labour Code
Awareness of the Canada Labour Code as it relates to
vessel operation and safety; Knowledge of the application
of the Canada Labour Code to shipping; knowledge of the
Marine Occupational Safety and Health Regulations; the
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
(WHMIS); Knowledge of offences and legal
consequences.
PAGE 156 OF 164

Canadian Legislation and Canadian Regulations

Regulations
Knowledge of Shipping Casualty Reporting Regulations;
Potable Water Regulations for Common Carriers; Vessel
Certificates Regulations; Vessel Pollution and Dangerous
Chemicals Regulations; Marine Transportation Security
Regulations; Load Line Regulations; Administrative
Monetary Penalties Regulations; Fire and Boat Drills
Regulations.
Legislation affecting vessel operation
Knowledge of the Navigable Waters Protection Act;
Environmental Protection Act; Merchant Seamen
Compensation Act; Marine Transportation Security Act;
Merchant Seaman Compensation Order 1992.
Legislation Concerning Controlled Substances
Knowledge of employee assistance program; employee
rights and testing process; pre-employment testing;
documentation of medical treatment and administration of
controlled medication.
Knowledge of master’s Marine Occurrence

responsibilities in different
events Obligations and responsibilities in event of emergencies
such as accident, incident, collision, fire, distress, search
and rescue; the mandatory reporting of a marine/hazardous
occurrence under the provisions of the Transportation
Safety Board Regulations; the Canada Shipping Act 2001,
and the Canada Labour Code Part II; casualty
investigation and reports.
PAGE 157 OF 164
2.2.16 ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, LEVEL 2 (EK 2)

a) 3 descriptive and simple drawing questions worth 20 marks each;
and
b) 4 descriptive questions that may contain simple drawing worth 10
marks each.
General Knowledge of Remote Controls of Propulsion
Competence:
Plant and Engineering Systems and Services
Operating principles of Diesel engines

marine power plants
2-stroke diesel cycle; 4-stroke diesel cycle; Advantages
and disadvantages of a slow speed diesel engine; The
cause of scavenge fires and how they are dealt with;
Methods of supercharging; The fuel oil system from
bunker tank to injection; The lubrication system; Engine
cooling water system; The advantages and disadvantages
of a medium speed diesel; The need for gearing with
medium-speed diesels; The arrangement of clutch and
gears; Preparing diesel engine for stand-by; The method of
starting, stopping and reversing a direct propulsion diesel
engine; The waste heat recovery system of the 2-stroke
main propulsion engine.
Steam turbine systems
Ability to describe the turbine, the feed system and the
boiler as a system; Knowledge of impulse and reaction
turbines; Steam turbine installation and its gearing;
PAGE 158 OF 164

Competence:
Operating principles of Steam turbine systems (cont’d…)

marine power plants
Ability to distinguish between and to describe open and
closed feed systems; The main features of a water-tube
boiler; Outline the procedure for raising steam; The
procedures for warming through a steam turbine ready for
manoeuvring; The procedures for manoeuvring when
using a steam turbine.
Gas turbines
Knowledge of principles of operation of a gas turbines;
The compressor part of the gas turbine; The combustion
chamber or combustor part of the gas turbine; The turbine
part of the gas turbine; The two main types of
compressors.
Ships’ auxiliary machinery Propeller and propeller shaft

The arrangement of thrust shaft, intermediate shafts and
tailshaft; How the propeller thrust is transmitted to the
hull; How the propeller shaft is supported between the
thrust block and the stern tube; Ability to sketch and
describe an oil-lubricated stern-tube bearing; How the
propeller is secured to the tailshaft; Definition of pitch,
slip and efficiency of a propeller; Ability to calculate the
percentage apparent slip from given data; Ability to
calculate the ship’s speed, given the engine revolutions per
minute, mean pitch and percentage slip; The arrangement
and operation of a controllable-pitch propeller; The
precautions to take with a CPP before a) starting the
engine; b) going to sea; and c) entering harbour or
confined waters.
Bridge control
Knowledge of the sequence of operation of bridge control
for the main engine, including control from bridge,
machinery control room, engine control local and
changeover controls; Bridge control of controllable-pitch
propellers; Bridge control of slow speed diesel engines;
bridge control of steam turbines with associated boilers;
Bridge control for gas turbines with associated gas
generators; Ability to list the indicators and alarms
provided with bridge control; The arrangement and
operations of lateral thrusters; The bridge control and
indicators for lateral thrusters; The concept of control
systems;
PAGE 159 OF 164

Competence:
Ships’ auxiliary machinery Bridge control (cont’d…)

The terminology used in control systems; When is the
control system “fail-safe”; When is the control system
“fail-run”; The meaning of safety interlocks in a control
system; The types of controls (open and closed loop).
Generators, Alternators and Electrical distribution
Operation of a D.C. generator; Functioning of shunt- and
compound-wound D.C. motors; Operation of an alternator;
Functioning of induction motors; The relative advantages
and disadvantages of generation and distribution of D.C.
and A.C.; D.C. and A.C. distribution systems;
The use of circuit breakers and fuses; Ability to draw and
describe a navigation light circuit with indicators and
alarm, showing an alternative power supply; The use of
rectifiers; The characteristics of lead-acid batteries and of
alkaline batteries; The maintenance of batteries; Safety
precautions; The safety precautions to be observed for
battery compartments – outlining the starting requirements
for emergency generating sets; The starting requirements
for emergency generating sets; The services to be supplied
from the emergency generator; The supplementary
emergency lighting for ro-ro passenger ships; Knowledge
of Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) for computer and
control system, operation and preventive maintenance.
Boilers
Ability to distinguish between water-tube and fire tube
boilers; Describe auxiliary boilers; Describe a waste-heat
boiler; Describe exhaust-gas heat exchangers; Describe
steam to steam generators and explain where and why they
are used; Describe a boiler fuel oil supply system;
Describe the effect of dissolved salts in the feed water and
how it is treated; What is meant by priming.
Distillation and Fresh-water Systems
Distillation system; Operation of a flash evaporator;
Treatment of fresh water intended for drinking; Domestic
water system.
PAGE 160 OF 164

Competence:
Ships’ auxiliary machinery Pumps and Pumping system

Ability to classify pumps as displacement, axial-flow or
centrifugal; Operation of a reciprocating pump; Rotary
displacement pumps an typical applications; Screw pump
and possible use; Axial-flow pump and possible
applications; Centrifugal pump and typical applications;
The need to prime a centrifugal pump; The head losses in
a pumping system and how they are expresses; Net
positive suction head and its significance in pump
operation; Typical bilge system and ballast system for a
dry cargo vessel.
Steering gear
Ram-type hydraulic steering gear; Rotary-vane steering
gear; How hydraulic power is provided by variable-
delivery pumps; IMO requirements for auxiliary steering
gear and how they are met by ram-type and rotary-vane
steering gear; Telemotor control system; Electric steering
control;
How the change from remote to local control in the
steering gear compartment is made; The requirement for
power supplies to electric and electrohydraulic steering
gear; The requirements for emergency control of the
steering gear; IMO requirements for testing steering gear
and for drills. Knowledge of the requirements of the
Steering appliances and equipment regulations.
Refrigeration, Air-conditioning and ventilation
Vapour-compression-cycle refrigeration plant; Properties
of refrigerant; The use of secondary refrigerants for
cooling compartments; The co-efficient of performance of
a refrigeration plant; Air-conditioning plant; Ventilation
system for accommodation; Mechanical ventilation
systems for ship’s holds.
Stabilizers
Construction and operation of different type of stabilizers,
such as fin stabilizer and flume tanks.
Sewage Treatment Plants
Operation of a chemical sewage treatment plant; Operation
of a biological sewage treatment plant.
PAGE 161 OF 164

Competence: General Knowledge of Remote Controls of Propulsion
Ships’ auxiliary machinery Oily-water separators and oil filtering equipment

The construction and operation of an oily-water separator
(producing effluent that contains less than 100 ppm of oil);
Construction and operation of oil filtering equipment
(producing effluent that contains not more than 15 ppm of
oil); Why oily-water separators, even if well maintained
and correctly operated, may not function properly; How an
oil-content meter functions; Oil discharge monitoring and
control system.
Incinerators
The functioning of a waste incinerator.
Deck machinery
Knowledge of general arrangement of deck machinery,
main drivers used on deck auxiliaries, anchor handling
equipment, windlass arrangement, automatic and manual
mooring winches; Anchor windlasses subject to approval
by a classification society; Ability to sketch and describe a
windlass driving two de-cluthchable cable lifters and
warping drums; Ability to describe the arrangements of
vertical anchor capstans with driving machinery below
deck; Ability to describe a spooling device to distribute
the wire evenly on the drum of a mooring winch; The
working of self-tensioning winches; The advantage and
disadvantages of steam, electric and hydraulic drive for
mooring winches and capstans; Ability to describe a cargo
winch; Ability to sketch and describe a slewing deck
crane, its motor and its control; Ability to describe the
lubrication of deck machinery; Cargo handling
arrangements including heavy lifting system, deck cranes,
cargo cranes, grabbing cranes, self-unloading systems,
hatches including types of mechanically-operated hatch
covers; Lifeboat davits.
Maintenance of hatch covers
Maintenance of trackways, wheels, gears, racks, pinions,
side cleats, cross joint wedge mechanisms, drainage
channels, drainage holes; Adjustments of the tension of
draw chains; Maintenance and inspection of the hydraulic
systems; How to check that compression bars are making
complete contact with sealing gaskets; Water tightness test
on hatch covers.
PAGE 162 OF 164

Ships’ auxiliary machinery Hydraulic systems

Distinguish between open- and closed-loop systems;
Ability to describe a live-line circuit supplied by a
centralized hydraulic power system; Radial-piston and
axial-piston variable-stroke pumps; How the variable-
stroke pump can act as controller and power supply;
Ability to sketch and describe a simple spool valve with
shutoff and control of flow direction; Ram and rotary-vane
actuators; Hydraulic accumulator and its purpose.
Air receivers:
Knowledge of the function, limitations and purpose of air
receivers and fittings; Dangers associated with and
precautions that must be taken when using an air receiver.
Fire Detection and extinguishing system
Knowledge of smoke and heat detectors; Fire
extinguishing systems; Inert-gas smothering system; Self-
contained inert-gas generator; Inert-gas system taken from
boiler uptake; CO2 as a fire smothering agent, rules and
regulations for operation of CO2 system, CO2 flooding
system for cargo holds, CO2 total flooding system for
machinery space, CO2 activation alarm system, bulk CO2
system under refrigeration; Fire extinguishing mediums,
when and how to use them; Fire alarms, manually
operated, fire alarm switches, shut off machinery spaces,
remote stations; Emergency shut off device on fuel tanks;
Main fire pumps, emergency fire pumps; Fire mains, valve
used on a hydrant; Purpose of international shore
connection; Hydrants and hoses; Reasons why hoses are
tested.
Depth measuring instruments
Knowledge of pneumercator gauge, float tank gauge,
distant reading tank float gauge; Effects of trim and heel;
Limitations of each gauge when measuring tank depth or
draught measuring.
Self-Unloading vessel
Knowledge of cargo-handling tunnels; Gate structure
types; Self-unloading booms; Advantages and
disadvantages of each type; Belt/bucket system;
Attachments to booms, precautions for safe operation.
PAGE 163 OF 164

Ships’ auxiliary machinery Vessels operating in ice

Knowledge of machinery operation considerations when
navigating in ice; Methods of freeing a vessel from ice
utilizing pumping of tanks or flume system; Basic working
knowledge, content and application of chapter 2, 3, 4 , 10
and 11 of TP 14335- Winter Navigation on the River and
Gulf of St. Lawrence.
General knowledge of marine Engineering terms and fuel consumption

engineering systems
Ability to use engineering terms when describing and
explaining the operation of the machinery and equipment
mentioned above; Definition of mass, force, work, power,
energy, pressure, stress, strain, and heat; Units in which
each is measured; What is meant by the efficiency of
machine; Description of an indicator diagram and the
information obtainable from it; Definition of indicated
power, shaft power, propeller power and thrust; Definition
of the Admiralty coefficient, fuel coefficient; Fuel oil
calculations using provided information to calculate
consumption, most economic speed, estimating fuel
consumption to complete a voyage, slip percentage; How
the condition of the hull affects the fuel coefficient and the
fuel consumption.
Vibration
Knowledge of major sources of vibration in ships; Natural
vibration, forced vibration and resonance; Generation of
harmonic motion and details of their compensation;
Effects of draft and speed; Vibration monitors; Critical
speed and techniques used to counter critical speed in
rotating machinery.
Materials
Knowledge of effects of temperature on metals; Principles
of galvanic corrosion on a vessel; Method of cathodic
protection; Method of impressed current system; How
design and maintenance can alleviate considerable
corrosion on marine vessels.
PAGE 164 OF 164

Competence:
General knowledge of marine Arrangements necessary for appropriate and effective

engineering systems engineering watches to be maintained for the purpose
of safety under normal circumstances and UMS
operations
General engine room safety that should be observed at all
given times; The main dangers and sources of risk in an
engine room; The importance and implementation of risk
assessment and risk management in an engine room; The
safe systems of work and permits to work that should be
observed in an engine room; The types and importance of
wearing personal protective equipment while working in
an engine room; The arrangements necessary for
appropriate and effective engineering watches to be
maintained for the purpose of safety under normal
circumstances and UMS operations.
Arrangements necessary to ensure a safe engineering
watch is maintained when carrying dangerous cargo
The arrangements necessary to ensure a safe engineering
watch is maintained when carrying dangerous cargo.

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TP 5562E

NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING

The Director, Marine Personnel

Date signed: __________________________________

Original Date Issued: October 1998 Date Revised: July 2013

Revision Date of Issue Affected Pages Author(s) Brief Description of Change

1 July 2013 All AMSPN Comprehensive revision required

1.1 PURPOSE ..........................................................................................................................6

2 NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING CURRICULUM ..................................... 37

2.1 ACADEMICAL SUBJECTS ...........................................................................................37

1.2 EFFECTIVE DATE

2) Director General, Marine Safety and Security

3) Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine

The Director, Marine Personnel Standards, Pilotage and Medicine is responsible to

a) fulfilling Marine Safety and Security’s responsibilities with regard to

c) maintaining the integrity of the marine personnel training and certification

4) Manager, Nautical Certification and Pilotage

The Manager, Nautical Certification and Pilotage is responsible for:

a) implementing the QMS policy through amendments to standards, operating

5) Regional Directors Marine Safety and Security

Regional Directors, Marine Safety and Security are responsible for:

a) providing the human and financial resources necessary to the maintenance of

Recognized Institutions are responsible to Transport Canada for:

a) the development, delivery and maintenance of approved programs and

1.6 STCW CONVENTION REQUIREMENTS

2) The objectives are to ensure that:

b) students in the program are fairly evaluated; and

1.7 TRAINING AND THE STCW CONVENTION

Function 1 Navigation at the operational level

3) Each function is addressed in three parts:

4) The STCW Convention, as amended in 2010 included the following competences

a) Plan and conduct a passage and determine position;

k) Ensure compliance with pollution-prevention requirements;

5) The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the

These provisions cover:

6) The corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance on

1.8 COURSE AND PROGRAM APPROVAL

3) Course and Program Audit and Approval

4) Instructor Evaluation and Approval

1.9 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1.10 PROGRAM QUALITY

1.11 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS)

1.12 AUDIT OF RECOGNIZED INSTITUTIONS

b) assess the effectiveness of learning activities;

1.13 INSTITUTION COORDINATOR

1.14 AUDITORS INTERIM AND FINAL REPORT

1.15 PROGRAM POLICY

1.16 IMPLEMENTATION OF NAUTICAL CADET TRAINING

2) For the course optimization, the Recognized Institution must provide:

1.17 ADMISSIONS AND PASS/FAIL CRITERIA

1.18 ENTRY STANDARDS

1.19 CLASS SIZE LIMITATIONS

1.21 ADMINISTRATION AND INVIGILATION OF EXAMINATION

1.22 INVIGILATION RULES

1.23 REVIEW AND APPEAL PROCESS

1.25 ACADEMIC SUBJECTS

In view of the widespread use of computers aboard ship, it is recommended that an

1.26 ISSUING OF TRANSPORT CANADA TRAINING CERTIFICATES

1.27 SCHEDULING RECOMMENDED BY IMO

1.28 IDENTIFICATION OF SUBJECT AREAS

1.29 PROGRAM OUTLINE

Subject Hours Credit TCEC1

MANDATORY MARINE TECHNICAL SUBJECTS, AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL: