Assignment Top Sheet Department of Civil

Engineering & Technology

Student Registration Number Class Section Semester

BSETC-021R18-04 Civil A 5th

Student Full Name

Muhammad Faisal Shafiq
Assign Date : Submission Deadline:
01-05-2020

Assignment No: Assignment Name/Details:

Some types of Soil along with the values of
01 Specific Gravity.

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Some types of Soil along with the values of
Specific Gravity.

Introduction:
What Is Soil?
Soil is a relatively loose material on the earth’s surface consisting of fine rock particles and
organic matter. Soil is the most important aspect to be checked before starting a construction
because if the soil is not good or if it doesn’t have a high bearing capacity, it is not suitable for
the structure. Soil testing is done before starting a project to check the health of soil, example-
we check salinity, acidity, water content, air voids, chemicals present if any, density and so
on. We have different tests to determine the above factors, but first let us get known to the
various types of soil
(1) Sand
(2) Loamy Sand
(3) Sandy loam
(4) Sandy Silt Loam
(5) Silt Loam
(6) Clay Loam
(7) Silt
(8) Clay and silty clay
(9) Organic

Sand and its Specific Gravity

Sand particles composed of quartz have a specific gravity ranging from 2.65 to 2.67. Inorganic
clay's generally range from 2.70 to 2.80. Soils with large amounts of organic matter or porous
particles (such as diatomaceous earth) have specific gravities below 2.60.

Loamy Sand and its Specific Gravity

Loam is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > 63 micrometers (0.0025 in)), silt (particle
size > 2 micrometers (7.9×10−5 in)), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < 2 micrometers
(7.9×10−5 in)). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–
silt–clay, respectively. And its specific gravity is 2.45

Sandy loam

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Sandy loam is a type of soil used for gardening. This soil type is normally made up
of sand along with varying amounts of silt and clay. Many people prefer sandy loam soil for
their gardening because this type of soil normally allows for good drainage. ... It is important for
a person not to add too much sand

Sandy silt loam

Soil containing not less than 70 percent silt and clay and not less than 20 percent sand

Silt loam
A soil containing 50-88% silt, 0-27% clay, and 0-50% sand.

Clay loam
Soil containing 27-40% clay, 20-45% sand, and the remaining portion silt.

Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and
feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in
suspension with water (also known as a suspended load) and soil in a body of water such as a
river
And its specific gravity is 2.65-2.7

Clay and silty clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay
minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3 , MgO etc.) and organic matter.
silty clay. A clay soil containing from 50 to 70 percent silt.
And its specific gravity is 2.67-2.9

Organic Soil
 Organic soil is a soil that is created by the decomposition of plant and animal materials to
create a nutrient and mineral rich mini-ecosystem with microorganisms that feed and
breathe life back into the soil.
And its specific gravity is less than 2

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Find specific gravity of soil
Data for Specific gravity
Mass (g)
Wt. of empty bottle = W1 g 173
Wt. of bottle +Soil = W2 g 63
Wt. of bottle +Soil+Water = W3 g 695
Wt. of bottle +Water = W4 g 672

Gs = [(W4-W1) a / [(W4-W1) – (W3-W2)]

Typical Values of Correction Factor

T° (C) Correction Factor (a)
4 1.000
15 0.9999
20 0.9982
25 0.9971
30 0.9957
32 0.9942

I used Correction Factor is 25

Gs = [(672-173) 0.9971 / [(672-173) – (695-63)]

Gs = 3.74