AS Chemistry Unit: 1

Topic: Periodic properties

Periodic properties (periodicity) regularly repeating patterns of atomic, physical and chemical
properties, which can be predicted using the Periodic Table and explained using the electron
configurations of the elements

Atomic radii

The atomic radius of an element is a measurement of the size of its atoms. It is the distance from the centre of the
nucleus to the boundary of the electron cloud. Since the atom does not have a well‑defined boundary, we can find
the atomic radius by determining the distance between the
two nuclei and dividing it by two. radius 5 d/2

Md. Shoaib Ahmed, B.Sc. (Honors), M.Sc. (Chemistry), SUST and PGD in IT, IICT, SUST
Teacher Chemistry, The Sylhet Khajanchibari International School & College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AS Chemistry Unit: 1
Topic: Periodic properties

Since a giant ionic lattice contains a large number of ions and hence a large number of
ionic bonds, it takes a lot of energy to break these strong electrostatic forces of attraction
between the oppositely charged ions. As a result, an ionic compound will have a high
melting or boiling point.

Md. Shoaib Ahmed, B.Sc. (Honors), M.Sc. (Chemistry), SUST and PGD in IT, IICT, SUST
Teacher Chemistry, The Sylhet Khajanchibari International School & College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AS Chemistry Unit: 1
Topic: Periodic properties

Q.

The graph shows the first ionisation energies for the elements with atomic numbers from 3 to 12.

Md. Shoaib Ahmed, B.Sc. (Honors), M.Sc. (Chemistry), SUST and PGD in IT, IICT, SUST
Teacher Chemistry, The Sylhet Khajanchibari International School & College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AS Chemistry Unit: 1
Topic: Periodic properties

Answer:
a)
N(g) → N+(g) + e(−)
or
N(g) - e(−) → N+(g

b)

Increase in nuclear charge

The (outer) electrons are added to the same quantum shell or the shielding is the same.
Irregularities:
Atom with atomic number 5 has lower IE than atom with atomic number 4 as the (2) p
electron is better shielded than the (2)s electron (so requires less energy to be removed)
Atom with atomic number 8 has lower IE than atom with atomic number 7 as there is
repulsion between the pair of electrons in the 2(p) orbital (so less energy is required to remove
one of them).

c)

nuclear charge from 3 to 11 but this is offset by) the outer electron is in a higher quantum
shell/higher energy level
therefore further from the nucleus/better shielded.

Md. Shoaib Ahmed, B.Sc. (Honors), M.Sc. (Chemistry), SUST and PGD in IT, IICT, SUST
Teacher Chemistry, The Sylhet Khajanchibari International School & College, Sylhet, Bangladesh