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 SLAS / 2016/IQ/01
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YS% ,xld mßmd,k fiajd újD; $ iSñ; ;r. úNd.h
idudkH nqoaêh

uq,ska u § we;s jpkhg iudk f;areï fok jpk folla tu fma<sfhys we;' tu jpk fol háka
bß w`Èkak'
01' wys ( wysxil" i¾mhd" mlaI" lvqj" ;drld" wyi
02' wd,h ( .Dyh" m,d" kgqj" we,au" m¾j;h" foda,dj
03' b`ÿre ( fmdf<dj" rc" Yl%hd" .=rejrhd" bkaøsh" wei
04' Nh ( hlaIhd" ;%dih" c,h" le,h" tx;dj
05' Èh ( .eyeksh" f,dalh" .i" c,h" Worh" oyäh
06' w`ÿre ( ñ;%hd" ilafoú`ÿ" m¾j;h" .=rejrhd" ud`Mjd" u,
07' mshhqre ( j,dl=`M" fk`Mï" mjqv¾" mfhdaor" fi!uH" w.=re
08' oo ( .skak" fldäh" pl%h" YÍrh" kdih" mCIs
09' iur ( wkx.hd" meKs" hqoaOh" l¾uh" mkai," Èhr
10' Èhro ( YÍrh" nqÿkajykafia" iqÿ" l=áh" iQhœd" pkaøhd
my; tla tla fma<sfha we;s ixLHdj,ska tlla yer wfklajg lsishï fmdÿ ,laIKhla we;' tu ixLHdj
f;dard th ;s;a br u; ,shkak'
11' 10" 14" 44" 78" 92" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
12' 1" 3" 5" 7" 9" 11 ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
13' 4" 7" 10" 14" 36" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
14' 5" 9" 36" 49" 81" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
15' 1" 2" 9" 17" 33" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
16' 14" 20" 28" 42" 84" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
17' 11" 14" 15" 17" 18" 20 ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
18' 117" 108" 97" 90" 72" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
19' 4" 6" 9" 16" 81" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
20' 154" 144" 133" 112" 105" ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
my; tla tla m%Yakfha ;o l`M wl=ßka uqøs; jpk hq.,hla o" Bg my;ska idudkH f,i uqøs; jpk hq.,
myla o we;' l`M wl=ßka uqøs; jpk fol w;r mj;sk" iïnkaO;djg wdikak u iïnkaO;dj
olajk jpk hq.,h f;drd" Bg háka brla .ikak'
21' mÍlaIKh ( f;dard .ekSu 23' weu;s uKav,h ( weu;sjrhd
^w& m%Yakh ( m%fya,sldj ^w& lvh ( uqo,d,s
^wd& ;¾lh ( úl,amh ^wd& mdi, ( m%Odkdpd¾h
^b& úksYaph ( ;SrKh ^b& mdr ( ;dr
^B& igk ( mrdch ^B& oïm, ( mqrel
^W& rch ( md,kh ^W& mkai, ( yduqÿrefjda
22' TÜgqj ( ch.%yKh 24' nhsisl,h ( ;sßlal,h
^w& Èkqu ( merÿu ^w& fy,sfldmagrh ( .=jka hdkh
^wd& m%S;sh ( úkaokh ^wd& niaßh ( ÿïßh
^b& wYajhd ( Èkqu ^b& Trej ( keõ
^B& úNd.h ( idud¾:h ^B& fudag¾ ihsl,h ( ld¾ r:h
^W& mÍlaIKh ( m%;sM,h ^W& ßlfidaj ( nrndf.a
1
25' k.rdêm;s ( k.rh 26' k.=, ( lDIsl¾uh
^w& ks,Odßhd ( ld¾hd,h ^w& fmd; ( ,sùu
^wd& wêkS;s{hd ( Widúh ^wd& l,siu ( uy;auhd
^b& mshd ( ksji ^b& frdlgh ( wcGdldY;rKh
^B& mdi, ( .=rejrhd ^B& iQmamqj ( ke,ùu
^W& mskd ( wïn,u ^W& lu; ( wiajekak
my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ;s;a bß u; ,shkak'

27' iqo;ag irex.,a .Kkdjla we;' Tyq tla wjia:djl" fufia mjik ,È' zz ug we;s irex.,a
w;=frka folla yer wkslajd r;= mdg h' folla yer wkslajd ks,a mdg h' folla yer wkslajd
ly mdg h'ZZ Tyqf.a m%ldYkhg wkqj" Tyq i;= jQ irex.,a .Kk lSh o@ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

28' oeka frdñfh,af.a jhig" remsh,af.a jhi iudkjk Èkg" frdñh,af.a jhi oeksfh,af.a jhi
fuka yßhg u wvla fjhs kï" jeäuy,a nfõ wkqms<sfj< wkqj" fï ;sfokdf.ka fojekshd
jkafka ljqo@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

29' úNd.hl § .Ks;h m%Yak m;%hg Ñka;d" khkdg jvd ,l=Kq ,enqjd h' m%§md yd ixck ,enQ
,l=Kqj, tl;= j" khkd yd Ñka;df.a ,l=Kqj, tl;=jg" yßhg u" iudk h' tfy;a m%§md yd
Ñka;df.a ,l=Kqj, tl;=j" khkd iy ixckf.a ,l=Kqj, tl;=jg jvd wvq h' tlsfkld ,enQ
,l=Kq" jeä u ,l=fKa isg wvq u ,l=Kq f;la wkqms<sfj<g ;enQ úg" fojeks ;ek ,nkafka
ljq o@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

30' my; m%ldYk lshjkak'

^w& ,,s;a lu,ag jvd úoHdjg oCI h'
^wd& lu,a fndfyda úg úoHdj bf.k .kafka pdkaokSf.ks'
^b& úoHdjg b;d u ÿ¾j, jika;s h'
^B& ifrdacd jika;sg jvd úoHdjg oCIh'
^W& ifrdacd ,,s;ag jvd úoHdjg olaI jqj o pdkaokS ;rï oCIkshla fkdfõ'
fï whf.a úoHdj bf.ksfï oCI;dj wkqj fojeks ;ek ysñlr .kafka ljq o@
^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&

my; wNHdifha ta ta fma<sfhys we;s ysia;eka iqÿiq mßÈ mqrjkak'

WodyrKh .uk$ .u $ iu. $ iu $ mrk" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fuys kj
s erÈ W;;
a rh mr fõ' Bg fy;
a j
= " fuys mohkf a .a wk; a u s wlr = w;yer B<. jpkh iE§u h's
31' iglmá" ilá $ b,máh" bmh $ úcïNsld" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

32' wrek" fldu," wu, $ ják" m%n," jn, $ l=¿Kq" nuqKq" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

33' mrk" lsuo" l+lú" moú $ jg" .i" iu" jiu $ ú," ,m" u;" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
34' ñáh" myk" ykñá $ jokd" ihk" hkjo $ lsßuÿ" t;k" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
35' lsis" w,shd" ueá" ls,sá $ .kq" mj" w,shd" .jhd $ iqÿ" ju" .`. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
36' nksuqj" uqksnj $ mgkj" kgmj $ lgjy" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
37' mkaou" ukaom $ ,x.u" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2
38' ;ekam;a" uyk" ymka $ wl-=i,a" úu, '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
39' jod," i;yg" ody; $ wñ," msßySu" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
40' újrK" lïms;" jrl; $ úl,am" m,`okd" '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

41' my; oelfa jkf

a ka bx.i
S% s fydä
a fha wlr
= e Ndú;d lrñka lrk ixLHdj, tl;= lÍ
s ul's th fyd`Èka
mÍlI
a dlr n,d ta ta wlr = ej, w.hka olj a kk
a '

X Y X X =
Z Y X tu ki
s d Y =
X Z =

42' my; oelfa jk rEmh ieÈ we;f a ;a ;f

s% ldK
a hl; = a j¾. fiká
a ógr 22 l j¾.M,hla we;s jD;;
a hl;= a
fikáa ógr 5 la È. mdohla we;s iup;r = ih
% l;
= a iïnkO a ùfuk's tu rEmfha we;eï fldgij a ,
j¾.M,h ta ta fldgia olj
a d we;'

Y
5
14
X 7

tys w`ÿre l< fldgfia j¾.M,h fiká

a ógr lh
S o@ ^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&

43' me;a; fikaáóg¾ 2 la jQ ms;a;, odÿ leghl nr .a?ï 4 ls' tu øjHfhka u idok ,o me;a;
fikaáógr 4 la jQ odÿ leghl nr fldmuK o@ ^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&

44' nd,iQßh ,smslre uy;df.a w;sld, §ukd we;=¨ uq¿ fõ;kh remsh,a 8 500 la úh' Tyqf.a uQ,sl fõ;kh
w;sld, §ukdjg jvd re' 5 500 la kï" Tyqf.a uQ,sl fõ;kh lSho@ ^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&

45' wdfrdka" ndfrdka yd úfrdka hk mqoa.,hka ;sfokdg ms<sfj<ska úkdä 4 lg" 5 lg" yd 6 lg jrla
blald .eiSfï wdndOhla je<`È ;snqKs' fudjqka ;sfokd u tla Èkl yuq jQ fudfydf;a u Tjqkag tlajr
blald .eiqKs fudjqka ;sfokd tlg isáhd kï" kej; tljr blald .ikqfha Bg fldmuK ld,hl
miqj o@ ^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&

3
 F - fldgi'

my; § we;s wNHdifhka ys jï me;af;a rEm 4 yd ol=Kq me;af;ys A, B, C, D jYfhka" kï

lrk ,o rEm 4 la we;' jï me;af;a we;s rEm rgdj wkqj" B<`.g tk rEmh A, B, C, D w;ßka
f;dard" Bg háka brla w`Èkak'

46'

47'

48'

49'

50'

§ we;s ms<s;=r ,efnk fia" fï tla tla m%Yakfhys ixLHd w;r + ,l=K + fyda ,l=K fyda
,l=K fhdokak

WodyrK :
5 ............... 3 ............... 7 ............... = 26

úi`ÿu :
5 + 3 x 7 = 26

3 hk ixLHdj 7 hk ixLHdfjka .=K lsßfuka yd Bg 5 tl;= lsßfuka 26 ,efnk

neúka" ms<s;=r f,i ms<sfj<ska + iy hk x ,l=Kq fhdod we;'

51' 14 ............. 3 ............. 4 = 2 52' 9 ............. 3 ............. 1 = 28

53' 36, ............. 33 ............. 11 = 39 54' 96 ............. 6 ............. 8 = 8
55' 15 ............. 3 ............. 3 = 15 56' 5 ............. 64 ............. 4 = 11
57' 4 ............. 8 ............. 4 = 128 58' 10 ............. 9 ............. 3 = 30
59' 16 ............. 1 ............. 32 = 1/2 60' 1/2 ............. 0 ............. 4 = 0
4
 SLAS /2016/IQ/02
zznqoaê l,ïnkhl kjuq u.ZZ
YS% ,xld mßmd,k fiajd újD; $ iSñ; ;r. úNd.h 2016 - 2017
idudkH nqoaêh
ish¨u m%YaKj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
my; ±lafjk ixLHd rgd y`ÿkdf.k jryk ;=, ;sìh hq;= ixLHdj ;s;a br u; ,shkak'

01. 5(7)2 6(10)4 2(5)3 4 (.......) 9 09. 5(1)7 2(4)10 1(5)11 5 (.......) 13
02. 6(4)2 8(5)3 7(6)1 12 (.......) 5 10. 1(4)1 2(16)2 1(9)2 2 (.......) 3
03. 4(5)9 8(3)5 15(6)9 3 (.......) 7 11. 2(1)1 4(4)2 7(16)3 12 (.......) 7
04 5(26)8 4(14)3 6(26)7 2 (.......) 8 12. 3(6)2 9(36)4 8(40)5 5 (.......) 6
05. 9(10)4 11(12)5 7(6)4 15 (.......) 9 13. 12(4)3 18(2)9 15(5)3 45 (.......) 15
06. 5(6)2 3(2)4 9(12)3 8 (.......) 1 14. 3(36)2 2(4)1 1(9)3 3 (.......) 1
07. 8(5)2 7(6)5 1(6)11 7 (.......) 9 15. 5(1)5 6(4)3 4(4)2 9 (.......) 3
08. 9(4)1 12(4)4 13(1)11 9 (.......) 5

wxl 16" 17" 18 hk tla tla m%Yakfha § we;s ixLHd w;r iïnkaO;dj f;areïf.k" ysia;ekg iqÿiq
wxlh f;darkak'

16' (A) 36
13 16 18 33 22 30 53 28 ?
(B) 42
11 25 31 (C) 44
(D) 48
(E) 50

17' (A) 14
45 25 42 33 15 35 44 10 ?
(B) 17
(C) 29
10 18 4 9 18 19
(D) 34
(E) 41

18' (A) 0
7 6 10 11 1 2
(B) 2
29 11 ?
(C) 3
13 99 2 (D) 4
(E) 5

wxl 19" 20" 21" 22 hk ta ta m%Yakfha tla tla fldgq j ;=< wxlhla ne.ska fhdod we;' tu wxl w;r
iïnkaO;d f;areï f.k ysia;ekg meñKsh hq;= wxlh iys; jrKh f;darkak

19'
15 76 23 (A) 140 (B) 150 (C) 160

19 ? 71 (D) 180 (E) 200

5
20'
6 45 3 (A) 15 (B) 12 (C) 10

2 ? 1 (D) 8 (E) 5

21'
5 70 7 (A) 32 (B) 55 (C) 64

4 ? 8 (D) 80 (E) 96

22'
5 29 4 (A) 41 (B) 30 (C) 31

6 ? 5 (D) 40 (E) 21

tla tla fma<sfha oS rEm yh w;=frka y;rla tla;rd rgdjla wkqj ilia ù we;' tu rgdjg fkd.e<fmk
rEm fol háka bß w`Èkak'
23' + O 26'
+ O

24' 27'

25'

bx.%Sis wdldrdÈfha wkqmq<sfj, fufia h'

3

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

my; tla tla .eg¨ j,g wod< jkafka bx.%Sis wdldrdÈfha wl=re tla;rd ksYaÑ; ms<sfj,lg .<md
;eîuh' ms<S;=re ysia;ek ,shkak'
WodyrKh(
A, C, E, G, I, .............
by; ksoiqfka A wl=ßka mgkaf.k wl=rla yer wl=rla ,shd we;s neúka B<`. wl=re K úh hq;=h'

26' Z, A, Y, B, X, ............. 31' A, X, U, R, O, .............

27' C, B, A, Z, Y, X, ............. 32' A, Z, B, X, C, U, D, .............
28' B, C, T, X, F, G, U, ............. 33' B, E, I, N, T, .............
29' Y, V, R, M, G, ............. 34' K, Z, J, K, Z, I, J, K, Z, .............
30' C, D, X, W, G, H, T, ............. 35' B, E, J, S, .............

6
 ms<sfh, lsÍï iïnkaO my; .eg¿ j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
36' Tng fjkia b,lalï yhla § we;' tu b,lalï yhu Ndú;fhka iEÈh yels ixLHd .Kk
fldmuKo @
.................................................................
tl fma<shg ;nd we;s mqgq 5l isiqka mia fofkla jdä lrúh hq;=j we;'
37' isiqka miafokd jdä lrúh yels fjkia wdldr lShla we;ao @

.................................................................
38' tl;a rd ii
s k
q a fofofkla ñ;r
= ka jk w;r Tjk q a fofokd iEu úgu tl<`.k
s a jdä jkf
a ka kï tfia
jdä lrúh yels fjkia wdldr lh S la we;oa @
.................................................................

39' lKva dhï iis k

q a fofofkla wukdm ù iá
s k w;r Tjy
q q tl <.k
s a jdä fkd fj;'s tfia jdä lrúh
yels fjkia wdldr lh S la we;oa @
.................................................................

40' tla kYs Ñ

a ; iis f
q jlg
= olK
= q fl<jr jdäúug wjYH fõ kï tf,i ii
s k
q a jdä lrúh yels wdldr
lh
S la we;oa @
.................................................................

41' tla kYs Ñ

a ; iis f
q jlg
= lu
= k fyda fl<jrl jdä ùug wjYHj we;' tfia jdä lrúh yels wdldr
lh
S la we;a o@
.................................................................

42' ii
s k
q a 5 la yd YI
s Hdjka 4la ii
s k
q a fjkuu;a YI
s Hdjka fjkuu;a iá
s k mßÈ mg
q q 9l jdä lrúh yels
wdldr lh S la we;oa @
.................................................................

43 isg 48 olajd m%Yak j, m%ldY y;rla ne.ska § ;sfí' thska ;=kla idudkH m%ldY jk w;r b;sß
m%ldYh ks.ukhls' ks.ukh f;dard thg wod, wxlh ;s;a br u; ,shkak'

43' (A) fyd`Èka mdvï lrk ii s k

q g a Wiif a m< úNd.h wir S e ke;'
(B) iuyr mY % k
a m;% i`oyd ,ndfok ld,h mu % dKj;a ke;'
(C) wdo¾Y mY% k
a m;% j,g m< s ;
s r= e ,h
s d yr
q e ùuo mf
% hdc a kj;h
a '
(D) úYja úoHd,hg we;, = ;a ùug Wiia fm< úNd.h iu;a úh h; q h
= '
.................................................................

44' (A) j,dl¿ = iEÈ we;f a ;a >kN S jkh jQ c, jdIm a j,k

s 's
(B) wêl j¾Idj ki s d .xj;r = we;s úh yelh s '
(C) .xj;r= kis d mf
% oY a j, ck;dj wj;eka fj;'s
(D) jeis ld,j,§ .xj;r = i`oyd ioQdkïj iàs u iÿqih q '
.................................................................

7
45' (A) wêl jeis ld,j, kdhhEï we;s fõ'
(B) kdhhEï ki s d ck;dj wj;eka fj;'s
(C) wj;eka jQ ck;djg iyk ie,iu S rcfha j.luS l's
(D) mi ;<
= g c,h ldkÿa ù f;; mij a , nr jeä ùu kdhhdï we;s ùug fy;
a j
= h's
.................................................................

46' (A) rEmjdyks hs m¿

q ,a ikk a fs õok udOHhl's
(B) jeämr
q rEmjdykh sS keröu lv = d orejkg a kiq ÿqih
q '
(C) rEmjdyk
s hs jeämr q u krUkf a ka ldk; a d md¾Yjhh's
(D) úúO j¾. j, rEmjdyk s s km
s ojkq ,efí'
.................................................................

47' (A) Woh wdydrh fkd.ekf S uka .eig a h% ás ia we;s fõ'

(B) .Eig
a h
% á
s ia we;s jkfa ka Worh ;< = wï, idkøaKh jeä ùfuk's
(C) lß
s iy; s wdydr .ekf S uka .eig a h % ás ia ijq l< yelhs '
(D) ñßia wdydr wvq lÍ s uo fyd`o m< s h s ul's
.................................................................

48' (A) f;,a iy; s wdydr m<s f

S h, lÍs ug .DyKfs hda Wkkÿa fj;'s
(B) wdydr f;f,ka mi s u
S tys rih jeä ùug fy; a = fõ'
(C) f;,a iy;s wdydr jeämr q .eku S YÍr fi!LHhg wy; s lrh'
(D) w¨;a wjr
q eÿ iufha f;,a iy; s wdydr ny, q j olk a g we;'
.................................................................

my; .eg¿j, uq,ska § we;s jpk hq.,fha iïnkaOhg iudk iïnkaOhla we;s jpk hq.,h wfkla
mo j,ska f;darkak'

49' .iI- fmd;; a

(I) f.äh - uoh (II) f,dï - neg¿jd
(III) ,h S - ;k
S ;
a (IV) ud¿jd - fldrfmd;=

50' mDÓúh - .y% f,dl a h

(I) i;; a = - lIa r
S mdhs (II) ñki
s d - lI
a r
sS mdhs
(III) i¾Q hhd - ;drldj (IV) jdykh - mj % dykh

51' bfvdr
a h - khs `.h
(I) .xj;r = - jeii
a (II) ;dmh - i¾
Q hhd
(III) WoOa ukh - uoq,a (IV) ,dNh - md%.O
a kh

52' mk
s i
a , - i; s ;
a rd
(I) yKq q - .r
= ejrhd (II) ;dmh - WIK
a ;j
a h
(III) mEk - f,L a lhd (IV) W±,,a - lïlrejd

8
53' ;r
s ia - irs ia
(I) wlIa dxY - foY
a dxY (II) È. - m<,
(III) Rcq - jl% (IV) YÍrh - yis

54' l-i
= .ks k
a - wdydr
(I) mm
s dih - f;a j;r
= (II) Okj;la u - uoq,a
(III) ìh - ffO¾hh (IV) frd.
a h - T!IO

55' .,a w`.r= e - bkO

a k
(I) n;a - wdydr (II) mk;a h
s - .r
= ejrhd
(III) fld< - .ia (IV) u,
Q øjH - ixfhd. a

56 lÓldpd¾hjrhd - uydpd¾hjrhd
(I) ld¾ñlhd - bxðfkr a ejd (II) .r
= ejrhd - YIs Hhd
(III) úki
s r
q e - k;
S {
s hd (IV) f,L a lhd - l,dlrejd

57' kej - jrdh

(I) ldrh - uymdr (II) ÿïßh - f¾,m a dr
(III) wyia hdkh - .j
= ka f;dgm
q , (IV) i¾ Q hhd - llI
a h

58' ldrh - uymdr

(I) Trej - f;dgm
q , (II) ÿïßh - f¾,m a dr
(III) kej - rej, (IV) i¾Q hhd - llIa h

59 isg 79 olajd .eg¿ mokï jkafka bx.%Sis fydaäh u; h' Tfí myiqj ioyd bx.%sis fydaäh my;
olajd we;'
3

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
EQUIPMENT hk bx.%Sis jpkh tla;rd ryia ixfla; l%uhlg olajd we;af;a ^10& ^34& ^42& ^18&
^32& ^26& ^10& ^28& ^40& hkqfjks'
my; bx.%sis jpk ryia ixfla; l%ufhka ,shkak'
59' BUTTERFLY .......................................... 64' TRANSPORT ..........................................
60' DRAGON .......................................... 65' TRAFFIC ..........................................
61' ANCIENT .......................................... 66' CHITTAGONG ..........................................
62' AMERICA .......................................... 67' CULTURE ..........................................
63' BEAUTIFUL .......................................... 68' COLOMBO ..........................................
my; ryia ixfla; l%uhg ,shd we;s jpk bx.%Sis nig fmr,kak'
69' (38) (42) (28) (12) (24) (30) (46) (10) (36) ......................................................................

70' (10) (24) (10) (44) (10) (28) ......................................................................

71' (4) (2) (38) (10) (26) (2) (28) (40) ......................................................................

72' (42) (28) (8) (10) (36) (38) (40) (2) (28) (8) ......................................................................

73' (10) (28) (10) (26) (50) ......................................................................

9
74' (4) (18) (36) (26) (42) (8) (2) ......................................................................
75' (36) (42) (46) (2) (28) (8) (2) ......................................................................
76' (50) (10) (24) (24) (30) (46) ......................................................................
77' (8) (18) (6) (40) (18) (30) (28) (2) (36) (50) ......................................................................
78' (6) (18) (28) (10) (26) (2) ......................................................................

79' tl; a rd jpkhla by; ryia NdIdfjka ,ù s fï§ tla ixfl; a hla jerÈ f,i ,h s ù we;' my;
±lfa jkf a ka tu jpkhh's tys jerÈ ixfl;a h fidhd ;;
s a br u; ,h s kk a '
(6) (30) (42) (28) (40) (35) (50) ......................................................................

my; olajd we;af;a tl iudk odÿ leg 7 la tlsfkl w,jd idod we;s jia;=jls' tu rEmh weiqßka
80 isg 84 olajd m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

n<,d
1
l=l=,d
khd d isxyhd
isxyh 2
khd

3
n,a,d
l=l=,d

w,shd

d 5
isxyhd

w,sh
l=l=,d
6 d 4
n,a,
n<,d

n,a,d

80' y;r fjks legfha mg

s m
q i mk
s ;
a r
+ h lu
= loa @ .....................................................................
81' yhfjks legfha ìug .efgk mk
s ;
a r
+ h lu
= loa @ .....................................................................
82' ;k
= a fjks legfha y;r jeks legh yd .efgk mk
s ;
a r
+ h lu
= loa @ ....................................................
83' m<uq legfha jïmi mk
s ;
a r
+ h lu
= loa @ .....................................................................

84' y;a fjks legfha mia fjks legh yd .efgk mk

s ;
a r
+ h lu
= loa @ .....................................................
85 isg 90 olajd .eg¿j,g úi`ÿï ,nd §u ioyd my; o;a; Wmfhda.s lr.kak'

ið;a" wu,a" iqu,a" wñ;a hk isõfokd ;ukaf.a Nd¾hdjka jk rdðld" ruHd" ruKs" iqñrd hk
ldka;djka iu`. rjqï fïihl jeä ù isá;s'
ii) iajdñ mqreIhd iy Nd¾hdj tlsfkldg uqyqK ,d jdä ù isá;s'
ii) rdðldg ol=Kska iqñrd o iqñrdg ol=Kska ruHdo jdä ù isá;s'
iii) tla tla Nd¾hdjf.a kfuys tla wl=rla wef.a iajdñ mqreIhdf.a kug o we;'
iv) ruKsf.a iajdñ mqreIhd wu,a fkdfõ'
85' iu
q ,f
a .a Nd¾hdj jkfa k"a
(I) rdðld (II) ruHd (III) ruKs (IV) iñ
q rd

10
86' rdðldg yß fl,k s a bÈßfhka jdä ù iá s kf
a k"a
(I) ið;a (II) wu,a
(III) iu
q ,a (IV) wñ;a

87' wu,g
a jïmik s a jdä ù iá
s kf
a k"a
(I) ruHd (II) wñ;aa
(III) iuq ,a (IV) ið;a

88' ruHdg olK

= q miks a jdä ù iá
s kf
a k"a
(I) ið;a (II) rdðld fyda iðq ;a
(III) wñ;a (IV) ruKs fyda iuq ,a

89' wñ;a iy iñ q rd ;u i:
a dk udrelr .kf a ka kï" wu,g
a olK
= q mik
s a ;k
= j
a k i:
a dkfha jdä ù
iá
s kf
a ka ljoq @
(I) rdðld (II) wñ;a
(III) ruKs (IV) iñq rd

my; § we;s rEmh fyd`Èka ksßlaIKh lr wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

90' fuu rEmfha we;s iup;r

= i% ixLHdj fldmuKo @ .....................................................................
91' Rcf
q ldK
a di% ixLHdj fldmuKo @ .....................................................................
90' ir, f¾Ld ixLHdj fldmuKo @ .....................................................................

11
 zznqoaê l,ïnkhl kjuq u.ZZ SLAS /2016/ES/01
YS% ,xld mßmd,k fiajd újD; $ iSñ; ;r. úNd.h 2016 - 2017
wdo¾Y rpkd
^wvqmdvq yd úfYaI ,laIK idlÉPd lsÍu ioyd&
1' úμdfõ yd ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj ñksidf.a wd;;sh jeä lrhs'
i;ajhdf.a wdrïNfha mgkau mßirh yd iyfhda.fhka yd iyÔjkfhka i;ajhd jdih lf<ah'
mßirh u; hefmñka th úkdY fkdfldg wdrlaId lrk ,È' wdïNfha § ñksidf.a o uq,sl wjYH;d b;d
ir, úh' ta wkqj mßirh yd iduldój Èú f.ùug Tjqka mqreÿ úh' ir, Èú meje;au ñksidf.a" i;ajhdf.a
iy wfkl=;a mdßißl wx.hkaf.a meje;aug n,mEula we;s fkdlf<a h' Tyqg wjYH wdydr ,nd .ekSfï§
mdßißl iu;=,s;;djhg n,mEula fkdùh' ta ksid ñksidf.a yeisÍu yd udkisl uÜgu mßirh u.skau
hym;a lrk ,È' wjYH;d ir, ùu u; ñksia l%shdldrlï iSud iys; úh' udkj YsIagdpdrh úldYkh
jkakg jq l, fuu ;;a;ajho fjkia jkakg mgka .;af;ah'

udkjhd úúO hq. miq lrñka kj fidhd .ekSï lrkakg úh' ish¨ i;a;ajhka iajNdjfhkau
l=;=y,h iys; fõ' fuu l=;=y,fha wksjd¾h m%;sM,h f,i kfjda;amdok ìysjkakg mgka .ks'
udkjhdf.a uq,a ld,Sk hq.j, mjd Tyqf.a l%shdldrlïj, t;rï wdfõ.YS,s njla olakg fkdjqK w;r" Èú
meje;au ir, úh' tf`âr hq.fha § if;l= urd ish wdydr wjYH;djh imqrd .;a;d úkd" w;sßla;hla ìys
lsÍug fyda ,dN ,eîu jeks ;r`.ldß fÉ;kdjka Tjqkag fkd;snqKs' f.dú hq.hg meñKs miqj jqjo" Èú
mej;au ir, úh' Tjqka tl jdiia:dkhla lrd frdla jkakg jQ w;r" f.dú;eka lsÍu yd i;a;aj md,kh
isÿ lf<ah' fuys§ w;sßla;hla ìys lsÍu yd yqjudrej hk ixl,am ìys úh' fï ;=<ska fm!oa.,sl foam,
ms<sn`o ixl,amh ìys úh' fï ;=<ska fm!oa.,sl foam< ms<sn`o ixl,amh Ndú;hg meñKs w;r" j;alï /ia
lsÍu olajd mqoa., j¾Okh úh' ta wkqj ñksid Ndú;d l< m%d:ñl ;dlaIKsl l%u o ÈhqKq jkakg úh' tysÈ
Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d jeä jkakg jq w;r" ;r`.ldß;ajh o we;s úh' uq,a ld,Skj ñksid ;=< mej;s b;d ir,
ksoyia Ñka;k rgdjg kj ixl,amhkaf.a n,mEï ksn`oj ,efnkakg úh' ta wkqj fm!oa.,sl;ajh" mjq,"
foam<" n,h" ,sx.sl;ajh" ±kqu wd§ ixl,amhkaf.a n,mEu ñksid ;=<g we;=¿ úh' m%d:ñl ;dlaIKsl l%u
jQ .,a wdhqO yd i;=ka ovhï lsÍfï§ wkq.ukh l< l%u fjkqjg ÿkq" B" .skaor wd§ l%u Ndú;hg meñKs
w;r" fuhska ñksidf.a ffp;islhkao fjkia jkakg úh' ;DIaKdj wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh" udkisl ysxikh"
wdÈh jeä jkakg úh'

fujeks YsIagdpdrhkaf.a úldYkh;a iu`.u ixialD;sl wx.hkao ìysjkakg úh' iudch flf¾
m%n, f,i n,mdkakd jq wd.ñl ixl,amhka ìys úh' tlS wd.ñl ixl,amhka yd weoys,s u.ska ñksia is;
hï ;rulg fyda md,kh lsÍug iu;a úh' ta ;=<ska fY%aIaG ixialD;ska ìys jkakg úh' úμdfõ ÈhqKqjla
isÿjkjdg jvd jeä fõ.hlska ixialD;slhkaf.a hym;a meje;au ;yjqre jkakg úh' ;dlaIKsl wx.hka
j¾Okh jQfha wd.ñl rduqj ;=<h' ñksidf.a udkisl;ajh ;=< úoHd;aul ixl,am iy ;dlaIKsl fidhd
.ekSï ìysjqfha wd.ñl ixialD;shkag wkql+, jk mßoafoks' fmrÈ. YsIagdpdr f,i nqÿ oyñka fmdaIKh
jqK ixialD;shl ÈhqKq úμdjka yd ;dlaIKhka olakg ,enqK o" udkisl wd;;shla olakg fkd,enqfKa
ukdj yslauqKq udkisl;ajhla tl, mqoa.,hdg mej;s neúks' fuifmdfÜñhdkq YsIagdpdrh" .%Sl
YsIagdpdrhkaf.a ;dlaIksl j¾Okh wog o mqÿu M<jk iq¿h' ñirfha msróv jeks ±jeka; ks¾udKhkao"
fy< Èj m%lg fn!oaO iaudrlhkao tl, mej;s ÈhqKq ;dlaIKh fudkjg meyeÈ<s lrhs' fujeks
ks¾udKhka ;=<ska me/kakkaf.a udkisl ksrjq,a nj yd ksoyia Ñka;kh m%lg lrhs' tl, ;dlaIKsl
ÈhqKqj u.ska udkisl ksoyila yd ksjy,a njla ,nd ÿkakd úkd" udkisl wd;;shla we;s fkdlf<ah'

wmrÈ. ixialD;skaf.a úma,úh ;dlaIKsl yd úoHd;aul fmr<Ska ;=<ska kj f,dalhla ìysjkakg

úh' úfYaIfhka foaY .fõIKh yd fj<`odï ÈhqKQùu ;=< yqfol,dj isá ixialD;ska f,dalh olskakg úh'
fY%aIaG od¾Ykslhka my< jkakg úh' fkdfhl=;a fidhd .ekSï yd m¾fhaIK isÿ lrkakg úh' fï
WÉp;u ia:dkhla iksgqyka lrñka ld¾ñl úma,jh 17 jk ishjfia w. Nd.fha isÿ úh' bka kj ld¾ñl
hq.hla ìysjQfha j¾Okh jk ñksia wjYH;djkag myiq úi`ÿï fidhkq msKsihs' Ôú;h ir, lrkjd
fjkqjg ixlS¾K Ôú;h myiqfjka f.khdug wjYH wxf.damdx. ìys lsÍug ñksid W;aiql jkakg úh'
wd.ñl ixialD;sfha fmdaIKh ,nñka ukdj md,kh l< Ôjk rgdj l%ufhka fjkia jkakg úh' ta wkqj
f,!lsl iem iïm;a fidhñka ñksid tlsfkld w;r ;r`. lrkakg úh' fï ;=< ksoyia udkisl;ajhla
we;sj isá ñksiqkaf.a uki fjkia fjñka udkisl mSvdjkag f.dÿre úh' fmr l, iSñ; jQ wjYH;d
úoHdfõ yd ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj ksid mq¿,a jkakg úh'

úoHdfõ yd ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKQfõ jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhla igyka lrkafka ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqjhs'

fï ;=<ska f;dr;=re myiqfjka .,d hdug bv ie,iqKs' ta wkqj wd¾Ól yd iudch b;d fõ.fhka ÈhqKq
12
jkakg úh' ñksidf.a udkisl wd;;sh fï iu`.u jeä jkakg úh' ;u ,dNh Wmßu lsßug jHdmdßlhka
fm<Uqk w;r" ish¨ mqoa.,hka ;u wNsu;d¾: uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug fkdkj;sk .ukl fhfokakg úh'
fï ;=< wd.ñl wjia:djkag" iudðh wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùug mej;s bvlv wvq úh' fuhska ukig
wjYH ksfrda.SNdjh wvq úh' bka udkisl mSvdjka isÿ jQj;a" th wfkl=;a iem iïm;a yuqfõ mqoa.,hdg
t;rï ±fkkakg jQfha ke;'

j¾;udkh jk úg úoHdj yd ;dlaIKh b;d ÈhqKq by< ;,hlg meñK ;sfí' wNHjldY ;rKh"
w;siqfLdamfNda.s mdßfNda.sl NdKav" kùk ffjμ úoHdjka wdÈ fkdfhl=;a ;dlaIKsl ÈhqKq uÜgï j,g
meñK ;sfí' úYaj .ïudkh hk ixl,amh úYaj mjq, hk ixl,amh olajd ióm lsÍug ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh iu;a ù ;sfí' kuq;a" ñksidf.a udkisl ;;a;ajh yd wiykldß nj o jeä ù ;sfí' tla
mqoa.,fhl= ÈhqKq jk úg WfmalaId iy.; ùug jvd B¾IHd lsÍug mqoa.,hd fm<ö ;sfí' fï ;=<ska Tyqf.a
udkisl yd Ydßßl fi!LHh hk folu msßySug ,la fõ' Tyqf.a wd;;sh jeä fõ'

úfYaIfhka rEmjdysks udOHh Ndú;hg meñKSfuka miq ñksia wd;;sh m%n, f,i jeä ù ;sfí'
ish¨ ikaksfõokhka rEm udOHfhka f.k tk ksid mqoa.,hd th ±äj .%yKh lr .kS' fï ;=<ska mqoa.,
wiykh jeä fõ' mdßfNda.sl NdKav iïnkaOfhka l=vd orejdf.a mgka uy¿ mqoa.,hd olajd wiykhg
m;a fõ' ;reK mrmqf¾ wd;;sh jeä ùug fuu ;dlaIKsl yd úoHd;aul ÈhqKqj m%n, f,i odhl fõ'
,sx.sl jYfhka ;reK mrmqr uxuq,d lsÍug j¾;udk úoHdj iu;a ù ;sfí' u;a øjH yd ;%ia;jdoh o" úoHdj
yd ;alaIKh ÈhqKq ùfï wksjd¾h m%;sM,fhda fj;s' udkisl wd;;sh we;s jq úg u;aøjH tlu msysg lr
.kakd iudc lKavdhï isá'

ñksidf.a wd;;sh ms<Sônq lrk m%Odk wx.h jkafka ;%ia;jdohhs' j¾;udfha ú»fõ yd ;dlaIkfha
ÈhqKqj fmr<d ñksidf.a wiykhg fya;= jk nj wjfndaO lr .ekSug ;%ia;jdoh lÈu kso¾Ykhls' w;s
kùk wú wdhqO" ixydrl wdhqO iSudjlska yd wpdr O¾uj,ska f;drj ñksidg fmr<d myr fohs' tfiau
mßirúkdYho úoHdj ;dlaIKh ÈhqKqfõ wksjd¾h M,hls' iajdNdúl iïm;a iSudjlska f;drj yd
wl%uj;a f,i Ndú; lsÍfuka mßir wiu;=,s;;djh we;s fõ' fuh ñksidf.a wd;;shg n,mdk m%n,
idOlhls' ñksia l%shdldrlï j, wksgqM, f,i iajdNdúl Wmøj we;s fõ' ta ;=<ska ñksidg u kej;
whym;la isÿ fõ' wl%uj;a kd.ÍlrKh ñksia wd;;sh ±ä lrhs' ñksidg ksoyfia iduldó mßirhl Ôj;a
úh yels kï" ksoyia udkisl;ajhla ;=< Èú f.úh yelsh'

;dlaIKsl ÈhqKQ ùï ;=<ska ñksid iem myiq Ôú;hla .; lrhs' kuq;a iudcfha iuia; mqoa.,hkag
u tjeks u.la we;s fkdfõ' w;s iqfLdamfNda.s Èúhla f.jk iq¿ mqoa., ixLHdjla f,dj by<u iïm;a
fldgila N=la;s ú`Èk w;r" nyq;rhla b;d wirKj hemSï uÜguj;a fkd,en Èú f.jhs' fujeks iudc
ia:r ìys ùuo ñksidf.a wd;;sh jeä ùug fya;= fõ' fujeks ñksia wd;;sh ms<sônq jkafka wjidkfha
;%ia;jdÈ l%shd u.ska fyda úúO n,mEï lKavdhï ìys ùfuks' fuys§ fujeks wiykldß lKavdhïj,g
wjYH WmlrK úoHdfõ yd ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj úiska imhd § ;sfí'

j¾;udk ffjμ úoHdj o" úoHdfõ ÈhqKqfjka iqfmdaIs; wxYhls' ukqIH l%shdldrlïj,ska we;sjk
wd;;sh iukh lrkq jia ffjμ úoHd;aul wx.hkao ìys ù ;sfí' ;dlaIKfha WÉp;u wjia:djkag
meñK isák j¾;udk f,dalh kej; fmr mej;s wd.ñl ixl,amhkaf.a msysg m;kafka ;dlaIKh yd
úoHdfõ ÈhqKqj ;=<ska ñksidg <`.d lr.; fkdyels jq wNsu;d¾:hka bgq lr .ekSughs' WodyrK f,i
Ndjkd l%u" fudayk úoHdjka yd úúO wd.ñl ixl,am ÈhqKq ffjμ úoHdj ;=< j¾;udkfha Ndú;hg
meñK ;sfí' wd.ñl ixl,amhkaf.a /ljrKh hgf;a ñksidg ;Dma;su;a ðú;hla .; l< yels njg fuh
fyd`ou WodyrKhls'

ñksid iajNdjfhkau wd;aud¾:ldñ" B¾IHd iy.;" ;DIaKdj iys; mqoa.,hl== jqj;a" Tyq úúO
ixialD;slhkaf.ka" iodpdr O¾uhkaf.ka tajd hgm;a lrf.k Èj f.jhs' úoHdfõ yd ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj
wúêu;a f,i fhdod .ekSfuka ñksid n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;Dma;su;a Ôú;h fkd,efí' ;Dma;su;a nj
we;af;a wd;;shla fkdue;s ;ekhs' tneúka" úoHdfõ yd ;dlaIkfha ÈhqKqj ñksidf.a wd;;sh jeä
fkdlrk wdldrfhka ;Dma;su;a ñksfil= ìys lsÍug odhl lr.; hq;=h'

13
 02' Y%S ,xldfõ ixj¾Ok jevigyka j, yevh
Y%S ,xldfõ mqrd;k hq.fha§ ixj¾Okh w;HjYHfhkau lDIsl¾udka;h yd ne`È l%shdldrlï
ish,a,lau iduqysl jq o" wfkHdakH ne`§ula iys; jqo l%shdj,ska úh' tfukau tjl ixj¾Okh iudc"
wd¾Ól" mdßißl" wd.ñl" foaYmd,ksl" ixialD;sl hk ish¨ iudc ixia:d yryd jq ifudaOdksl
l%shdj,shlao úh' hemqï udkisl;ajh fjkqjg iajdëk;ajho" ks¾udKYs,S;ajh o" wNsudkho" iajYla;sh o
iEu ixj¾Ok Odrdjlu olakg ,enqKs' tys m%;sM, j¾;udkfha§ mjd jeõ" wuqKq' fjfyr úydr u.ska
ixfla;j;a fõ'

wêrdcHjd§ hq.fha§" ixj¾Okh uqo,a u.ska ueksh yelalla njg m;a jQ w;r jeú,s l¾udka;h
flakaø fldg.;a ixj¾Ok jev igyka ìysúh' wdkhk wmkhk wd¾Ólhla ìysúh' foaYsh l¾udka;h
hemqï wruqKq blaujd fkd.sh w;r" jeõ wuqKq m%;sixialrKh lsÍugo rcfha Kh uqo,a yd fufyhùu
wjYH úh' W!refndlal Th wuqK m%;sixialrKh l< ,kafoaiska tys msßjeh f.dùkaf.ka fldgia
jYfhka wh lr.kakd ,È' ta wkqj wfkHdakH /`Èhdj m<d.sh w;r" hemqï udkisl;ajh l%ufhka j¾Okh
jQ nj olakg ,enqKs'

ksoyiska miq iajfoaYSh md,kh wdrïN ùug m%:ufhka rch ixj¾Okfha flakaø.; odhlhd f,i
j.lSï ±rE w;r" ck;dj w;r ;j ÿrg;a hemqï udkisl;ajh ;yjqre úh'

tlaoyia kjish ;siayfha ìys jQ flkaishdkq wd¾Ól ixl,am mjd iqNidOkjd§ rdcHhka ìys ùug
uQf,damdhsl úh' yd,afmd;" wdydr uqoaorh" ckiúh" iuDoaê jeks iqNidOkjdÈ rdcH wd¾Ól Wmdhud¾.
wmg fmkajd fokafkao" ixj¾Okfha§ rch m%Odk j.lSï orK l%shdldrlï ys m%;sM, ,nkakd njg
nrm;, f,i ck;dj ;=< ;yjqre jkakg úh'

1948 isg 1970 olajd hq.h ;=< fukau" 1970 isg 1977 hq.h ;=<§o rdcH odhl;ajh" ixj¾Ok
jevigykays wksjd¾h úh' tneúka" ck;dj ;=<ska wd;audNsudkh" iajdëk nj m<dhkakg úh'

tlaoyia kjish ye;a;E yf;ka miqj fm!oa.,sl jHjidhlhka ioyd wd¾Ólfha bvm%ia:d újr
jqjo" foaYsh uOHu mka;shla iy m%d.aOkh ysñ mka;shla ìys fkdùug ck;dj ;=< mej;s hemqï
udkisl;ajh bjy,a jQ neõ y`ÿkd.; yelsh'

j¾;udkfha§ m%cd uq,sl jqjo" rdcH ueÈy;a ùu uq,sl jqjo" .%du ixj¾Ok jevigyka j,§ mjd
ck;dj ;=< mj;akd hemqï udkisl;ajh ndOdldß idOlhla f,i n,mdkq y`ÿkd.; yelsh' tfukau
iuia; iudc ixia:djka ms<sn`oj ie,ls,su;a fjñka ixj¾Ok jevigyka l%shd;aul ùulao ±lsh
fkdyelsh'

ta wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ixj¾Ok jevigyka j, yevh úúO jqj o" yrh ck;djf.a hemqï udkisl;ajh
blaujd fkdhk neõ iqmeyeÈ,sh'

03' foaYmd,kSlrKhg f.dÿre fkdúh hq;= rdcH fiajh iajdëk jq;a wmlaImd;s jQ;a W;a;Í;r iudc
fufyjrls'

foaYfha Ñria:dhs meje;au r`od mj;skqfha rdcH fiajfha ld¾hlaIu;djh u;h' ksrka;r m%;sm;a;s
iïmdokh úêu;a ixj¾Ok rgdjl Ôjkd,shhs' rdcH fiajfha ì`o jeàï im: lrkqfha foaYfha ixj¾Ok
ix.%dufha mßydkshhs' YS>% ixj¾Okh wfmalaIs; ´kEu foaYhla tys uQ,sl moku f,i ish rdcH fiajh
iúu;a lr.kS'

j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH fiajlhkaf.a jegqma iy §ukd ioyd jirl rdcH úhou o< jYfhka
remsh,a ñ,shk ;=ka ,laIhls' iuia: úhofuka úYd, fldgila jehjkqfha Wiia rdcH ks,OdÍkaf.a
iqnidOkh iy jrm%ido iemhsu Wfoidh" fm!oa.,sl wxYh iu. iei§fï§ by< jrm%ido iys; rdcH
fiajfha ;k;=re j;auka ;reK mrmqf¾ W;a;Í;r wfmalaIdjhs' úYd, ;r`.hl fh§ rdcH ;k;=re .%yKh
lr .ekSug W.;a ;reK mrmqr wiSñ; m%h;akhla orhs' úêu;a ;r`. úNd. moaO;shla iy Bg wkqrEmsj
ieliq iïuqL mßlaIK ud,djlao iys; f;dard .ekSfï mámdáhla rdcH fiajd pl%f,aLK wdY%S;j mj;s'
j¾;udkfha§ fulS n`ojd .ekSfï mámdáfha úksúoNdjh iy ksrjμ;djh ms<Sn`oj .eg¿ u;= ù we;'
foaYmd,k n,mEï fuu n`ojd .ekSfï l%shd mámdáfha m%uqLj ±lsh yels ww;r th ksjerÈ mqoa.,hka wod<
;k;=re fj; .%yKh lr .ekSfï§ .eg¿ we;s lrjhs'

foaYmd,k ueÈy;a ùï u; rdcH fiajdjg m%fõY ù jrm%ido ,nk iqÿiqlï imqrd fkdue;s mqoa.,hd
ish fiajd ;;ajh ms<sn`oj ukd wjfndaOhla fyda ksmqK;ajhla fkdolajhs' wld¾hlaIu rdcH fiajhlg
14
uxfm;a újr lrñka foaYmd,k u;su;dka;r iy mlaI foaYmd,kh rdcH fiajdj fj; wj;S¾K ùu mru
mú;% úh hq;= rdcH fiajh flf<iSula jkq we;' foaYmd,k mlaI wkqj l,a,s .efik rdcH fiajlhka
úhjq,a iy.; ;;ajhla ks¾udKh lrk w;r túg rdcH fiajd mrud¾: m%;sia:dmkh wiSre jkq we;'

fiajd,dNSka fj; Wmßu iy wjxl rdcH fiajdjla iemhsh hq;= rdcH fiajlhd l=iSk wm%sh
mqoa.,fhl= ùu iuia: rdcH fiajh ms<sn`oj wm%ikak m%;srEmhla ck;dj ;=< f.dvke.Sug iu;a fõ'
foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùï j,ska f;dr rdcH fiajdjla ìys lsÍu mru wfmalaIdj lr .ksñka th imqrd .ekSu
ioyd fjfyik md,k hka;%hla j¾;udkfha ìysùu wjYHh' rdcH fiajd n`ojd .ekSfï mámdá úSOu;aj
iy iqlaIuj l%shd;aul ùu ;=< foaYmd,k ueÈy;a ùï ÿria lr ld¾hlaIu ldrhY+r iy ksmqK;ajfhka msß
msßila rdcH fiajh fj; wdl¾YKh lr .; yels fõ'

ish rdcldß lghq;= wmlaImd;ssj iy idOdrKj lsÍug iqÿiq mßirhla ld¾hd,h ;=< ks¾udKh ùu
w;HjYH jk w;r fiajd,dNSkag m%uqLia:dkh ,eìh hq;= w;r ish fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d mfil,d ck;d
fiajh fjkqfjka wem lem fjk ks,Odßka msßila ìysúh hq;=h' wdl,amuh jYfhka rdcH fiajlhd"
iuDoaêu;a lsÍu ;=< ¥IK jxpd iy w,a,ia wju jk iqmsßisÿ rdcH fiajhla ck;dj fj; iemhsh yels fõ'

foaYmd,kSlrKhg f.dÿre fkdúh hq;= rdcH fiajh iajdëk jq;a wmlaImd;s jQ;a W;a;Í;r jQ;a
iudc fufyjrls'

SLAS /2016/GK/EX/01
zznqoaê l,ïnkhl kjuq u.ZZ
YS% ,xld mßmd,k fiajd újD; $ iSñ; ;r. úNd.h 2016 - 2017
idudkH ±kSu - wu;r lshúu

kHIaÀl n,d.dr j, b;sydih

f,dj m%:u jrg kHIaÀl m%;sl%shdjla u.ska úÿ,sh ksmojkq ,nkafka 1948 iema;eïn¾ 03 jk Èk weußld
tlai;a ckmofha Oak Ridge Tennessee ys§h'

ta iïnkaOj f,dj fojk úYd, mßlaIKh 1951 foieïn¾ 20 jk Èk weußld tlai;a ckmofhau Arco
Idaho m%foaYfha msysá EBR - I m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkfha§ isÿ úh'

tjeks m¾fhaIKj, m%;sM,hla f,i f,dj m%:u kHIaÀl n,d.drh 1954 cqks 27 jk Èk Soviet City
Obninsk j, wdrïN jqK w;r f,dj m%:u mQ¾K mßudK kHIaÀl n,d.drh 1956 Tlaf;dan¾ 17 jk Èk
tx.,ka;fha Calder Hall j,§ wdrïN ù we;'

kHIaÀl n,d.drhla hkq"

kHIaÀl n,d.drhla hkq" ;dm m%Njh f,i kHIaÀl m%;sl%shdjla fhdod .ksñka úÿ,sh ksmojk ;dm
n,d.dr úfYaIhls'

idudkH ;dm n,d.dr fukau fuys§ o isÿ jkqfha ckkh jk ;dm Yla;sh u.ska c,h jdIam njg m;a lrjd
tu c, jdIam u.ska we;s lrkq ,nk wêl mSvkh Wmfhda.s lrf.k g¾nhsk tlla fyda lsysmhla
lrleùfï l%shdj,shhs'

kHIaÀl n,d.drhl l%shdj,sh

kHIaÀl m%;sl%shdjla u.ska ;dm Yla;sh ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh úLKavkh (fission) f,i ye`Èkafõ'

fufia ksmojk ;dm Yla;sh Wmfhda.s lrf.k c,h jdIam njg m;a lsÍfï fN!;sl l%shdj,shla kHIaÀl
n,d.dr j,§ isÿ lrhs'
235 238
fï i`oyd 92
U iy 92
U hk bkaOk j¾. fol fhdod.ks'
15
fï ioyd fndfyda úg 238U bkaOk j¾.h Ndú; l,o 235
92
U hk bkaOkfha úLKavk l%shdj,sh (fission) myiq
92
fõ'

fï i`oyd È.= isria k,j, wiqrk ,o >k ueá .=,s j,ska iukaú; U bkaOk fhdod.ks'
235
92
U - hqf¾kshï kHIaÀh

fuu hqf¾kshï kHIaÀh kshqfg%dak yd fm%dfgdakj,ska iukaú; jk w;r wia:dhs fõ'

tu ksid th úLKavkh ù kshqfg%dakhla uqla; lrhs'

235 236
92
U + 1 n 0 92
U Eq 01

^wia:dhs& ^wia:dhs&
236
by; Eq 01 u.ska iEÿk UkHIaÀho wia:dhs jk neúka th ia:dhs kHIaÀhla njg m;ajk ;=re my; mßÈ
92
úLKavkh isÿ fõ'
236 144 89
92
U
56
Ba + 36
Kr + 3 (1 n)0
Eq 02

^wia:dhs& ^ia:dhs& ^ia:dhs&

by; Eq 01, Eq 02 úLKavk m%;sl%shd isÿ ùfï§ o< jYfhka 100 KJmol l muK ;dm Yla;shla úfudapkh
fõ'
235
fuys§ Eq 02 u.ska uqla; jk kshqfg%dak 3 (10 n) udOHfha mj;sk ;j;a 92U kHIaÀ 3 la iu. .eà (Eq 01
fuka), tu.ska iEfok 23692
U kHIaÀ 3 kej; úLKavkhg ,la ù (Eq 02 fuka) kej; kshqfg%dak 3 ne.ska
kshqfg%dk 9 la udOHhg uqla; lrhs' th my; Eq 03 u.ska meyeÈ,s lr.; yel'

235
< 236 144 89
92
U + 1 n 0 92
U
56
Ba + 36
Kr + 3 (10 n) Eq 03

^wia:dhs& < ^wia:dhs& ^ia:dhs& ^ia:dhs&

fufia kej; kej; isÿjk m%;sl%shd odu m%;sl%shd (Chain Reactions) f,i y`ÿkajk w;r my; rEmfhka
th meyeÈ,s lr.; yels fõ'

n
n
Kr U.235
n
n
n
n U.235 n U.235 n
n
n n
Ba
U.235
n
n

16
moaO;sh ;=< fujeks m%;sl%shd úYd, ixLHdjla tlajr isÿjk neúka uqla;-1 jk ;dm m%udKho w;s úYd,h'

fufia wêl ;dmhla uqla; ùu ksid laIKsl kHIaÀl iafmdagkhkao isÿ ùug we;s iïNdú;dj b;d by<h'
tu ksid ;;a;aj md,kh fuys§ w;sYh jeo.;a lreKls'

fufia isÿ úh yels laIKsl kHIaÀl iafmdagkhkaf.ka je<lSu ioyd fujeks m%;sl%shd moaO;s ukao.dó
f,i jeä ld, mrdihla ;=< mj;ajd .ekSu isÿ lrhs'

tu kHIaÀl m%;sl%shd u.ska ksmojk wêl ;dm Yla;sh c,h jdIam lsÍu ioyd fhdod .kq ,nhs'

fufia ksmo jk c, jdIam u.ska we;s lrkq ,nk wêl mSvkh u.ska g¾nhsk tlla fyda lsysmhla
l%shd;aul lrjd .ekSu kHIaÀl n,d.drj,§ isÿ fõ'

my;ska olajd we;s kHIaÀl n,d.drhl o< wdlD;sh u.ska tys l%shdj,sh ir,j y`ÿkd .; yels fõ'

o< wdlD;sh

m%;sl%shd
k,h W;amdolh

md,l l+r

YS;lh

kHIaál n,d.dr u.ska mßir moaO;shg we;sjk n,mEu

iajdNdúl iïm;a ,nd .ekSfï wmyiq;djhka iy nyq,j Ndú;fhka tu iïm;a iS>%fhka laIhùfï
wk;=rlg uqyqKmdk neúka kHIaál n,h wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ioyd fhdod .ekSug fnfyda ÈhqKq
rgj,a fm<ôKs'

 ta wkqj cmdkh" wefußldj" hqlaf¾kh wdÈ rgj, m%n, kHIaál n,d.dr f.dv ke.sKs'

kuq;a tu kHIaál n,d.dr u.ska wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg m%n, odhl;ajhla iemhqjo thg idfmalIj
hï hï wys;lr ;;a;ajhka o f.dv kef.kakg úh'

 tkï kHIAál n,d.dr j, w;=re m%;sM,hka u.ska iajdNdúl mßir moaO;sfha ;=,khg n,mEï
lsÍu yd mßir moaO;sh ì`o jeàug fya;= ùu ±laúh yelsh'

kHIaál n,d.dr l%shdldß;ajh ioyd fhdod.kakd úlsrKYS,s wuqøjH md,khlska f;drj mßir
moaO;shg fhduq ùu fuys m%Odk n,mEula f,i ±laúh yelsh' th wjia:d lsysmhla hgf;a ±laúh
yelsh'

 n,d.dr l%shdldß;ajhka j,§ nyq, jYfhka kHIaál bkaOk jehùu ^zma¨fgdakshïZ jeks m%n,
úlsrKYS,s uq,øjH md,khlska f;drj mßir moaO;shg uqod yeÍu'&

 tfukau kHIaál n,d.dr l%shdldß;ajhka j,§ úúO úlsrKYS,s uq,øjH iq¿ jYfhka fyda mßirhg
uqod yeÍu'

 kHIaál n,d.dr iïnkaO yÈis wk;=re wdÈfha§ Ndhdkl úlsrKYS,s uq,øjH wiSñ; f,i mßirhg
jHdma; ùu
Wod(-
1&' cmdkfha *ql=Isud n,d.drh yÈis wk;=rlska úkdY ùfuka Nhdkl úlsrKYSs,s jdhq mßirhg tl;=
ùu u.ska mßir ;=,kh ì`o jeàu yd ck;djf.a fi!LHhg n,mEï we;s ùu'
2&' hqlaf¾kfha Chernobyl kHIaál n,d.drfha yÈis wk;=r u.ska we;s jQ úlsrKYS,s n,mEu
17
 úlsrKYS,s uq,øjH we;=,;a .Eia j¾. yd úúO ridhksl wuqøjH mßirhg jHdma; ùu'

fuu n,d.dr l%shdldß;ajhka j,§ úúO w;=re ksIamdokhka f,i úúO .Eia j¾. yd øjHuh
úlsrKYS,s øjH ksmofõ' fuu uQ,øjHhka mßirhg jHdma; ùfuka we;s jk ydksh" n,mEu ms<sn`oj
(E.P.A.) mßir wdrlaIl wdh;kh yd (N.R.C) wdÈ wdh;khkao wjOdkh fhduq flßKs' ta wkqj
mqrjeis ksjdi kHIaál n,d.dr msysá N+ñfhka 50 Km muK ÿr isg f.dvke.sh hq;= nj Tjqkaf.a
woyi fõ' fuu úI úlrKYS,s øjH we;=,;a .Eia j¾. mßirfha Ôúkag ys;lr fkdjk nj
fudjqkaf.a uQ,sl woyi fõ'

 tfukau á%áhï (Tritium) jeks Nhdkl úlsrKYS,s øjHo kHIaál n,d.dr u.ska îug .kakd c,h
wdÈhg tl;= ù Ôúkaf.a YÍr.; ùu tu mßirfha Ôúkaf.a fi!LHhg ±ä n,mEula we;s lrk nj
±laúh yelsh'

 zhqf¾kshïZ mßirhg wys;lr úlsrKYS,s øjHhla jqjo wd¾Ól n,h i`oyd úúO rgj,a m%n, f,i
fuu uq,øjH ksIamdokfha fh§ isáhs'
Wod(
2009 jk úg zhqf¾kshïZ ksIamdokfha m<uq rgj,a f,i lilia:dkh" lekvdj iy ´iafÜ%,shdj
ie,flk w;r fgdka 50" 572 la muK jirlg ksIamdok flf¾'

tfukau kHIaál n,d.dr j, jdhq u.ska mßir moaO;sfha ;=,kh ì`o jeà úúO iajNdúl úkdYldß
;;a;ajhka (Natural Disasters) we;s ùuo ±laúh yelsh'

 m%Odk jYfhka kHIaál n,d.dr iïnkaO yÈis wk;=re wdÈh u.skao N+ñ lïmd wdÈ iajdNdúl úm;a
we;s ùu ±laúh yelsh' md,khlska f;drj úúO úlrKYS,s uq,øjH mßirhg jHdma; ùu u.ska
fujeks n,mEï f.dv kef.a'

 úlsrKYS,s uq,øjH j, n,mEfuka ;o iq<x wdÈh uQ,sl lrf.k .xj;=r ;;a;ajhka mjd we;s jq
wjia:d ±laúh yelsh'
 fujeks úm;a u.ska ck;djg yd Ôúkag úúO wk;=re j,g uqyqK §ug isÿjk w;r iajNdúl
mßirfha mj;sk ;=,kh ì`o jefgk wdldrho meyeÈ,s fõ' fuu ;;a;ajh rgl Ydl yd i;a;aj
m%cdj flfrys úYd, n,mEula we;s flf¾'

ms<sld wdÈ frda. jHdma; ùfï wjodkula f.dv ke.Su

 ixLHd o;a; wkqj kHIaál n,d.dr j, úlsrKYS,s wuqøjH iys; jdhq j¾. u.ska mßirhg we;s
lrkq ,nk n,mEfuys m%;sM,hla f,i ck;djg ms<sld yd ,shqflañhdj wdÈ frda. j¾. jHdma;
ùfï wjodkuo mj;S'
 fuu ;;a;ajh n,d.dr j, idudkH l%shdldß;ajhka yd kHIaál n,h iïnkaO l¾udka;Yd,d
j,skao ksl=;a jk úlsrK fya;=fjka tajdfhys jev lrk ck;djg yd wjg fjfik idudkH
 ck;djg zms<sldZ wdÈ frda. ;;a;aj nyq,j je<§u ±laúh yelsh'
m%Odk jYfhka weußld tlai;a ckmoh" lekvdj" m%xYh" c¾uksh" cmdkh wods rgj, <uhskao
fuu ;;a;ajhg nyq,j f.dÿre fjñka mj;s'
 cmdkfha z*ql=IsudZ wdÈ yÈis wk;=re fuu ;;a;ajh j¾Okh lsÍug fya;= ù we;'

fï wkqj wd¾Ól jdis u; f.dvk.k kHIaál n,d.dr ksid m%n, mdßißl .eg¨ j,g uqyqK §ug
isÿùu ±laúh yelsh'

1986 § hqlaf¾kfha we;s jQ zp¾fkdîZ kHIaál n,d.drfha we;s jq ìysiqKq kHIaál wk;=frka
wk;=rej fndfyda kHIaál Yla;sh Ndú; lrkq ,nk rgj,a wk;=rej,g uqyqK md we;' fuu kHIaál
wk;=rej,ska jeä m%udKhla weußld tlai;a ckmoh wdY%s;j isÿ ù we;' kHIaál n,d.dr wk;=re isÿ jQ
rgj,a w;r lekvdj" m%xYh" c¾uksh" bkaÈhdj" mdlsia:dkh" cmdkh" tlai;a rdcOdksh yd weußld
tlai;a ckmoh m%Odk ;ekla .kS'

18
 fuu kHIaál n,d.dr wk;=re ksid isÿjk ydksh"

1' mßirhg
2' Ôúkag

hkd§ jYfhka fohdldrhlg y`ÿkd.; yelsh' kHIaál n,d.dr ksid mßirhg lsysmdldrhlg
ydks isÿúh yelsh'
 kHIaál bkaOk Ndú;d pl%h ;=< kHIaál øjH m%;sl%shd lrk úg§ fyda yÈis msmsÍu jekS wdmod
;;a;ajhka ys§ isÿjk mßir ydks"
 kHIaál m%;sl%shdldrl j,ska wmøjH f,i msgjk hqf¾kshï" maÆfgdaßhï u.ska mßirhg isÿjk
ydks
 kHIa ál m%;sl%shd w;r;=r§ yd yÈis wk;=re j,§ msgjk úlsrKYS,s iuia:dksl ksid mßirhg
isÿjk ydks" hkd§ jYfhks'

kHIaál n,d.dr wk;=re j,§ Ôúkag isÿjk ydks ie,lSfï§"

 kHIaál úlsrK j,g Ndckh ùu ;=< Ôú ffi, ;=< we;sjk cdkuh fjkialï u; cdkuh
úlD;s;d iys; Ôùka ìys ùug mj;sk wjodku jeäùu'
 úúO j¾.fha y`ÿkdfkd.;a kj ms<sld j¾. Ôúkag je<§ug mj;sk bvlv jeäùu'
 wêl ;Sj%;djhlska hq;a úlsrKhkag Ndckh ùfuka b;d flá l,la ;=< urKhg m;aùfï wjodku
jeäùu" jeks lreKq y`ÿkd.; yelsh'

fuu kHIaál n,d.dr wk;=re wju lsÍu ioyd wdrlaIdj yd l%shdldß;ajh jeä ÈhqKq jk mßÈ úúO
ie,iqï ^kHIaál m%;sldrl ie,iqï& kHIaál Yla;sh Ndú;d lrkq ,nk rgj,a wkq.ukh l<o" tajdfha
l%shdldß;ajh fld;rï ÿrg id¾:lo hkak mss<sn`oj mj;skafka .eg¨jls' ksrka;r N+ñlïmd wjodkï
l,dmhl msysgd we;s cmdkfha 2011 j¾Ifha§ z*ql=IsudZ kHIaál n,d.drfha we;s jQ wk;=r óg lÈu
ksoiqkls' N+ñlïmdjlg Tfrd;a;= fok mßÈ tlS n,d.drh ksujd ;snqKo" N+ñlïmdj iu`. we;sjk iqkdñ
;;a;ajhlg Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj Bg fkd;snqKs' tu j;djrKh ;=< z*ql=IsudZ n,d.drfha m%;sl%shdldrl
j,g ydks isÿ jQ w;r kHIaál úlsrKYs,s øjH uqyqÿ c,hg uqiq úh' fuu wk;=r kHIaál m%;sldrl ie,iqï
100] id¾:lo hkak ms<Sn`oj kHIaál n,h w;am;a lr .ekSfuys ,d wr.,hl ksr; f,dal n,j;=kaf.a
oEia újrlr,Sug iu;aúh'

fï j;djrKh hgf;a 2005 - 2055 w;r ld,h ;=<§ f,dalfha kHIaál Yla;sh Ndú;d lrk rgj,
wju jYfhka w;sYh ydksodhl jk kHIaál wk;=re 04 j;a we;s fõ hehs wfmalaIs; w;ru f,dal n,j;d
njg m;aùug f,dalfha rgj,a w;r mj;sk w;sYh wudkqIsl ;r`.h yuqfõ kHIaál Yla;sh wúhla f,i
Ndú;d lsÍu yuqfõ iuia; udkj ixy;sh muKla fkdj iuia; mD;=ú ;,fha iuia; Ôjhu ±ä
wkdrlaIs; njlg m;afldg we;' kHIaál Yla;sh fyd`o fiajlhl= ñi fyd`o iajdñhl= fkdjk nj iuia;
f,dalhdu f;areï.; hq;= ld,h t<U we;' iuia; Ôjfha hym; fjkqfjka kHIaál Yla;sh Ndú;d lrkq
úkd whym; fjkqfjka kHIaál Yla;sh Ndú;d lsÍu ms<sn`oj kej; kej;;a is;d ne,Sug ld,h t<U
we;' Ôjfha meje;au Wfoid kHIaál Yla;sh b;du;a mßiaifuka Ndú;h m<sn`oj f,dalfha iEu rglau
;u ±ä wjodkh fhduq lsÍu ;=< b.s jk ydks wju lr.ekSug wmg yelsjkq we;'

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