Current Electricity

DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1
14 Current Electricity
 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW v) Acid Accumulator : 2.2 V maximum and
1.8 V minimum
1. Sources of Electric Current
vi) Alkali Accumulator : 1.35 V maximum and
The device that can supply electric current is 1.25 V minimum.
called source of electric current. Two types of
Factors on which the emf of the cell depends are
sources of electric current are in general use.
as follows :
i) Chemical sources of electric current. They
i) Nature of electrolyte
are called cell or battery.
ii) Nature of electrodes.
ii) Electromagnetic sources of electric current.
They are called dynamo or generator. 4. Comparative study of different types of cells
Sr. Cell Anode Cathode Electrolyte
2. Cell
No.
The cell is a device that converts chemical energy
1. Voltaic Cu Zn Dil. H2SO4
into electric energy. The cells are of two types :
2. Daniel Cu Zn Dil. H2SO4
i) Primary cell. It is a device that supplies
3. Leclanche C Zn NH4Cl
current as soon as it is assembled. Voltaic
4. Dry cell C Zn NH4Cl
cell, Leclanche cell, Daniel cell, Dry cell etc.
are the examples of primary cells. 5. Acid PbO2 Pb Dil. H2SO4
6. Alkali Ni + NiO2 FeO2 KOH
ii) Secondary cell. It is a device that need to
be charged before it can be used to supply 5. Electric current
current. They are also called storage cell or
The time rate of flow of electric charge is called
accumulators. Acid cell and Alkali cell are
electric current. If q charge flows in time t, then
the examples of the secondary cells.
q
A cell is denoted as : electric current is given by : I  .
t
The unit of electric current is ampere (A)
Combination of two or more cells is called
A= C s–1
battery. It is denoted as follows :
Electric current has magnitude as well as direction
of flow. But it is a scalar quantity.
3. Electromotive force (emf) 6. Current density

The potential difference across the terminals of The electric current per unit area of cross section
a cell, when no current is drawn from it (open is called current density. If I be the current through
circuit) is called electromotive force. an area of cross-section A, then the current
The emf of different types of cells is as density is given by :
follows : I
i) Voltaic cell : 1.08 V
J
A
ii) Daniel cell : 1.08 V The unit of current density is Am–2.
iii) Leclanche cell : 1.5 V The current density is a vector directed along the
iv) Dry cell : 1.5 V flow of current.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY ( 99 )
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DGT GROUP TUITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS
7. Conductors, semiconductors and insulators e) The resistance of a conductor is equal to

(bad conductors) the slope (tan ) of the V–I graph.
i) Substances such as silver, copper, aluminium
(in fact all metals), which have large number
of free electrons in them are called conductors
of electricity.
The number density of free electrons in the
conductors is of the order of 1022/cm3.
ii) Semiconductors have comparatively less
Fig. 8.1
number of free electrons in them. Silicon
and germanium are the examples of f) The conductors are called ohmic if the V-I
semiconductors. graph for them is a straight line.
g) The conductors are said to be non-ohmic if
iii) Insulators have negligible number density of
the V-I graph for them is a curve.
free electrons.
h) For ohmic conductors the resistance is same
Under similar conditions, the current
for all values of current or potential difference.
set up in the conductors is much larger as
But for non-ohmic conductors, the resistance
compared to that in the 'semiconductors and
is different for different values of current
insulators.
or potential difference.
8. Ohm's law
9. Resistivity and conductivity
Physical conditions such as temperature
The resistance of a ohmic conductor depends on
remaining unchanged, the current (I) through a
the following factors :
conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference (V) across its ends. That is : i) Resistance is directly proportional to the
length () of the conductor.
V R
I  V or I 
R ii) Resistance is inversely proportional to the
where R is a constant of proportionality area of cross section (A).
called resistance of the conductor.
1
a) Resistance is defined as the ratio of the R
A
potential difference (V) and the current (I)
through the conductor. That is :  
Hence R  or R  
V A A
R
I Here  is a constant of proportionality that
depends on the nature of the conductor as
b) The unit of resistance is ohm ()
well as temperature  is called resistivity.
V Inverse of resistivity is called conductivity

A () :
c) The inverse of resistance is called conductance 1
(G). That is : 

1
G 1 A
R G 
R 
d) The unit of conductance is siemns (S).
The unit of resistivity is ohm-metre (m).
1 A The unit of conductivity is siemns per metre
S 
 V (S m–1).
10. Variation of resistance on stretching a wire where R2 is the resistance at temperature t2 and
Consider a wire of length 1, area of cross section R1 is the resistance at temperature t1. The  is
A1, volume V, density d and mass m. It is stretched called coefficient of increase of resistance.
to length 2 and area of cross-section changes to The resistivity also varies as follows :
A2. However volume, density and mass remain  2  1[1   (t 2  t1 )]
unchanged. Let the resistance of the stretched
wire be R2. Then : 12. The emf and terminal potential difference of
a cell
1
R1   Suppose, the emf of a cell is  and its internal
A1
resistance is r. Let an external resistance R be
Which can be written as : connected across the cell through a key as shown
below.
1 A V
R1     1 21   2
A1 A1 A1
V
Similarly, R 2  
A 22
R 2 A12
Hence 
R1 A 2 2
Again, we can write :
Fig. 12.1
1 2 2
R1    1  1 Here V1 and V2 are the voltmeters connected
A1 A11 V
across the cell and the external resistance R. Let
the current in the circuit (K-c1osed) be I. Then,
 22
And R2   using the Ohm's law we can write :
V
 I [R  r]  IR  Ir
R 2  22 IR = V = potential difference across the external
Hence 
R 1  12 resistance R. This is equal to the terminal potential
difference across the cell. That is the reading of
R 2 A12  2 2 both the voltmeters V1 and V2 will be V.
Thus, we find :  
R1 A 2 2  12 Hence  V  Ir
If r1 and r2 be the radii of cross-section,  V
Hence I
then A1  r and A 2  r2 .
1
2 2 r
And V   Ir
R r4
Hence : 2  1 4 Thus, V <  . That is when current is drawn from
R 1 r2
a cell its terminal potential difference is less than
Thus, knowing the relative values of A, r and , the emf.
the R1 and R2 can be compared.
13. Drift velocity
11. Variation of resistance and resistivity with When electric current is set up in a conductor,
temperature the electrons drift through the conductor with
The resistance of the ohmic conductors varies velocity , which is given by :
as follows : I

R 2  R 1[1   (t 2  t1 )] neA
Here I is the electric current through the

1 2 3 
conductor, n is the number density of free    ......  m
electrons, A is the area of cross-section and e is r1 r2 r3 rm
I
the charge on the electron. 1 1 1 1
1  R     ......  
r r
 1 2 3r rm 
14. Combination of cells
The cells may be combined together in the iii) Mixed combination of cells.
following three ways, so as to obtain maximum
current output.
i) Series combination.
Fig. 14.1
This combination is used when external Fig. 14.3
resistance (R) of the circuit is much larger This combination is used when the external
as compared to the internal resistance (r) resistance R is of the same order as the
of the cell. internal resistance r of the cell. That is
That is : R >> r R  r.
Suppose n cells, each of emf  and Here N = nm cells are combined in m rows,
internal resistance r are connected in series each row having n cells such that mR = nr.
across an external resistance R. Then the The current through the external resistance
current in the circuit will be : is given by :
n n mn 
Is  Im  
R  nr nr mR  nr
R
ii) Parallel combination of cells. m
15. Series and parallel combination of resistances
i) If n resistors of resistances R1, R2, R3 .....
are connected in series, then their equivalent
resistance is given by :
Fig. 14.2
This combination is used when the external
resistance (R) is much smaller as compared
to the internal resistance (r) of the cell. That Fig. 15.1
is R << r.
Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + .....
If m cells are connected in parallel
ii) If n resistors of resistances R1, R2, R3 .....
across a resistance R, then current through
are connected in parallel, then their equivalent
the resistance is given by :
resistance is given by :
 m
Ip  
R  r / m mR  r
When m cells of emfs 1 ,2 ,3 ..... m and

of internal resistances r1, r2, r3 ...... rm are
connected in parallel across an external
resistance R, then the current through the
external resistance is given by, Fig. 15.2
16. Kirchhoffs Laws 17. Wheatstone bridge principle

These laws are used to find out the equivalent Four resistances P, Q R and S are arranged
resistance & potential difference in the complicated to form a bridge as shown in the figure with a
circuits. cell E and key K1. A galvanometer G and key K2
are connected between the points B and D. On
Kirchhoff's first law : closing K1 first and K2 later on, if galvanometer
It states that the algebric sum of current shows zero deflection, then the bridge is balanced.
meeting a juction in the closed circuit is zero. This
law is also known as Kirchhoff's current law. This
law supports the law of conservation of charge
i.e., I  0
Sign conventions
The current flowing in a conductor towards
the junction is taken as positive and the current
flowing away from the junction is taken as
negative.
P R
Consider a junction O in the electrical circuit i.e., 
at which the current from five directions is Q S
meeting. Proof : On closing the keys K1 and K2, current I
starts flowing through the circuit.
At point A : Current I1 flows through resistance
P and (I – I1) current flows through resistance
R.
Let I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 be the current in these At point B : Current Ig flows through G.
conductors. According to Kirchhoffs first law,
At point D : (I – I1) is coming from R and Ig is
 I1  I 2  I3  I 4  I5  0 coming from G. Hence total current at D is
(I – I1 + Ig) which flows through S.
 I 3  I5  I1  I 2  I 4
At point C : (I1 – Ig) current is flowing from Q
i.e., sum of incoming current = sum of and (I – I1 + Ig) current is coming from S. Hence,
outgoing current total current at C is I.
Kirchhoff's second law or loop law Apply Kirchhoff's loop law to loop ABDA,
It states that in a closed loop, the algebric I1P  Ig G  (I  I1 )R  0
sum of emf's is equal to the algebric sum of the
The value of R is adjusted such that galvanometer
product of resistance and the respective currents
shows zero deflection i.e., Ig = 0.
flowing through them. This supports the law of
conservation of energy.  I1P  (I  I1 )R  0
E  IR  I1P  (I  I1 )R ... (i)
Sign conventions Apply Kirchhoffs loop law to loop BCDB,
While traversing in a loop, if negative pole (I1  Ig )Q  (I  I1  Ig )S  Ig G  0
of the battery comes first, then emf is taken as
positive and vice-versa. The value of R is adjusted such that galvanometer
While traversing in a loop, if we are moving shows no deflection i.e., Ig = 0.
in the direction of current, then the product of (I1  0)Q  (I  I1  0)S  0  0
resistance and the current in that resistor is taken
as positive and vice-versa.  I1Q  (I  I1 )S  0  I1  (I  I1 )S ... (ii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we have The positive terminals of the two cells E1
and E2 whose emfs are to be compared are
I1P (I  I1 )R P R
   connected to a joint A of the potentiometer wire.
I1Q (I  I1 )S Q S Their negative terminals are connected to
terminals (1) and (2) of the two way key. The
18. Potentiometer terminal (3) of the two way key is connected to
A potentiometer is a device used for measuring jockey J through a galvanometer G. Close the key
small potential difference, to compare the emf of K and with the help of rheostat adjust a constant
two cells and to measure the internal resistance current in the potentiometer wire. Connect
of the cell. It works on the principle that potential terminals (1) and (3) of the two way key. Due to
difference across any part of a uniform wire is this, the cell E1 comes in the circuit and the
directly proportional to the length of that part of galvanometer G gives deflection. Move the
the wire when a constant current flows through jockey on the wire. A position J is reached when
the wire. galvanometer. shows null deflection. Note down
It works on the principle that potential difference AJ. Let AJ = I1.
across any part of a uniform wire is directly Then from the principle of the potentiometer,
proportional to the length of that portion when a
constant current flows through the wire. E1   1  E 2  k  2
Let,  = length of the wire Now disconnect terminals (1) and (3) and
connect the terminals (2) and (3) of the two way
V = potential difference across the wire
key. Due to this the cell E2 comes in the circuit
R = resistance of the wire and the galvanometer G shows some deflection.
A = area of cross-section of wire Now move the jockey on the wire. A position J is
I = current of flowing through the wire reached, when the galvanometer shows null
 = resistivity of wire deflection.
Then, from Ohm's law, V = IR Note down AJ' and let AJ' = 2
Then E 2   1  E 2  k 2 ... (ii)
   I 
But, R   VI   
A A A Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get
E1 k1 E 
I   1  1 ... (iii)
Since = constant (k) E 2 k 2 E2  2
A
 V  k 20. Determination of internal resistance of a cell
or V  I, which is the principle of potentiometer..
19. Comparison of emf of two cells using poten-

tiometer
The desired circuit diagram is shown in the
following figure : Connect a battery E, key K,
ammeter A1 and rheostat between A and B.
The circuit diagram to measure the internal

resistance r using potentiometer is shown in the
figure. Class key k1 and adjust a constant current
in the circuit within the help of rheostat. Move
the jockey on the wire till the galvanometer gives
null deflection. Let that point be J.
At this stage, the potential difference between A The Wheatstone bridge is balanced.
and J is equal to the e.m.f. (E) of the cell.
P R
Let AJ = 1 Therefore : 
Q S
VAJ  k 1 or VAJ  k 1 Here, R = resistance of wire segment AD and
where, k is the proportionality constant. S = resistance of wire segment DC.
Let resistance of the wire of unit length be r.
But E  VAJ  k1
If AD = 1 and DC = 2, then : R= r1 & S = r2.
or E  k 1 ... (i)
P r1 1
Now close key k2 and move the jockey on the Hence :  
Q r 2  2
wire untill galvanometer gives zero deflection. Let
J' be the point on the wire at which galvanometer
gives zero deflection.
Let AJ'= 2
Then VAJ '   2 or VAJ '  k 2
Voltage of the cell is equal to the potential
difference difference between A and J'.
 V  k 2 ... (ii)
Dividing (i) and (ii), we get Fig. 21.1
For the metre bridge 1 + 2 = 100 cm.
E k1 1
  ... (iii) Hence 2 = (100 – 1) cm.
V k 2  2
100  1
But, internal resistance of the cell is given by, And, we can write : Q  P
1
E 
r    1 R Here  1 should be measured in centimeters.
V  Substituting the values of 1 and P, the resistance
Q can be calculated.
 
From (iii) r   1  1 R
 2  22. Thermoelectricity
22.1 Thermoelectric effect-Seebeck effect
21. Metre bridge or slide wire bridge Two wires of different metals joined together
It is the commonly used form of the at their ends constitute a thermocouple. The
wheatstone bridge. It can be used to determine points at which the ends of the wires are joined
unknown resistance. It has a wire AC, one metre together are called junctions.
long soldered to the ends of two rectangular Seebeck effect : When the two junctions
metallic strips AA' and CC' respectively. (See of the thermocouple are maintained at different
the fig. 21.1) B'B" is another strip having a terminal temperatures, a current is set up in the circuit of
B. A galvanometer G is connected to B. The the thermocouple. The phenomenon is called
other terminal of galvanometer is connected to a thermoelectric effect. The phenomenon was
jockey that maintains a sliding contact with the discovered by the German physicist Thomas
wire. A resistance box P is connected across Johann Seebeck in (1770 – 1831) in the year 1821.
A'B'. The unknown resistance Q is connected Therefore, it is also called Seebeck effect.
across B"C'. Battery (or cell) E is connected Remarks. The direction of flow of current
across A and C. A known resistance is taken out in copper-bismuth thermocouple can be identified
of the resistance box and the jockey is moved till by remembering the word "CUBIC". That is the
the deflection in the galvanometer is zero. current flows from Cu to Bi at the Cold junction.
22.2 Seebeck Series

1
Seebeck investigated the thermoelectric    2
2
effect for a large number of metals are arranged
them in a series called Seebeck series. Some where  and  are constants. They depend on
of the familiar metals in the series are as follows : the nature of the metals forming the thermo-
Bi, Ni, Co, Pt, Cu, Mn, Hg, Pb, Sn, Cr, Au, Ag, couple.
Zn, W, Cd, Fe, As, Sb.
22.5 Thermoelectric power
Two important characteristics of the Seebeck
series are the following : The thermo-electric power is defined as
the rote of change of thermo-electric emf with
i) Greater the separation between the metals,
higher is the thermo emf developed for given temperature. If d  be the change in thermo emf,
temperature difference in the thermocouple when the temperature of the hot junction changes
made out of them. by d, then thermoelectric power is given by :
ii) The current flow at the hot junction of the d
thermocouple is from the metal occurring S
d
earlier in the series towards that occurring
later. Thus, in the copper iron thermocouple It is also called Seebeck coefficient.
the current flows from copper (Cu) to iron
1
(Fe) at the hot junction. Since    2
2
[Remember "Hot CoFee"]
d
22.3 Neutral temperature and temperature of Therefore, S     
inversion d
The temperature n of the hot junction at The graph between S and  is a straight line as
which, thermo emf is maximum is called neutral shown below :
temperature. The temperature  i at which
direction of thermo emf reverses is called
temperature of inversion.
If c is the temperature of the cold junction,
then it is found that : n – c = i – n.
For copper iron thermocouple with cold
junction at 0 0C, the neutral temperature is,
n = 2700C and i = 5400C.
22.4   graph Fig. 22.2

Experimental studies reveal that the graph
22.6 Expression for neutral temperature
between thermo-emf () and temperature ()
At neutral temperature  = n, we have  as
of the hot function is a parabola (see fig. below).
The temperature of cold junction is taken as zero. d
maximum. Hence 0
The relation between thermo-emf & temperature d
is given by :
That is   n  0

Hence n  

22.7 Expression for the temperature of inversion
At the temperature of inversion  = 0
1
Hence  i  i 2  0
Fig. 22.1 2
23.1 Thomson Coefficient

2
Thus gives : i    2 n The heat 'Q' evolved or absorbed in Thomson

effect depends upon the current I flowing through
22.8 Peltier effect the conductor, time 't' for which the current flows
If current is made to flow through a thermo- and the temperature difference de between the
couple by connecting a cell or battery in the circuit, ends of the conductor. It is given by,
then heat is evolved at one junction and it is Q   It (d)
absorbed at the other junction. The phenomenon
where  is called Thomson coefficient, whose
is called Peltier effect. It was discovered by Jean
value depends upon the nature of the conductor.
C. Peltier in 1834.
It may be defined as follows :
When A is hot and B is cold, current flows
Here Q = Q/It (d).
anticlockwise (Seebeck effect) but if the current
through the thermocouple is anti-clockwise then Thus, the Thomson coefficient is the heat
A becomes cold and B becomes hot (Peltier evolved or absorbed along the length of the
effect). Hence Peltier effect is not inverse of conductor per unit current per unit time, when
seebeck effect rather it is complementary of the end of the conductor are maintained at
Seebeck effect. unit temperature difference.
The unit of Thomson coefficient is,
22.9 Peltier coefficient JA–1 s–1 K–1 or JC–1 K–1
The heat Q evolved or absorbed in Peltier
effect depends upon the amount of current (I) 23.2 Characteristics of Thomson coefficient
sent through the thermocouple and the time (t) The Thomson coefficient is found to be a function
for which the current flows. It is given by : of temperature. Also, it can be positive, negative
or even zero. In certain metals like Cu, Ag, Zn,
Q I t Sb, Cd, etc. heat is evolved when current flows
Here  is the constant of proportionality from higher temperature to lower temperature.
called the Peltier co-efficient. It can be defined The Thomson coefficient for such metals is
as follows. termed as positive.
In certain other metals like Bi, Co, Pt, Ni,
Q
From the above relation, we have   . Fe etc. heat is absorbed when current flows from
It
higher temperature to lower temperature. The
Thus, the Peltier coefficient is the heat Thomson coefficient for such metals is termed
evolved or absorbed at the junction per unit as negative.
current per unit time. For lead, the heat is neither evolved nor
The unit of the Peltier coefficient is JA–1 s–1. It absorbed when current flows through it and
can be written as JC–1. Because As = C, where temperature gradient is maintained along it.
C represents coulomb. The Peltier coefficient Therefore Thomson coefficient for lead is zero.
may also be defined as the amount of heat evolved
or absorbed per unit charge flowing across the 24. Comparison between Peltier and Joule's
junction. effect
Sr.
23. Thomson effect
No. Peltier effect Joule's effect
When a current flows through a 1. Heat is evolved at Heat is evolved
conductor maintained at a temperature one junction of the along whole of the
gradient, heat is either evolved or absorbed conductor. conductor.
along the length of the conductor. 2. It is a reversible It is irreversible
Direction of current flow determines whether phenomenon. phenomenon.
heat is evolved or absorbed. The phenomenon 3. Heat is also Heat is not at all
was predicted and demonstrated by Lord Kelvin absorbed at other absorbed.
and is known as Thomson effect. junction.
4. Heat evolved or Heat evolved is

absorbed is proportional to the
proportional to the square of the
current. current.
5. It depends on the It is independent of
direction of current. the direction of
current.
25. Comparison between Thomson and Joule's

effect.
Sr.
Thomson effect Joule's effect
No.
1. Heat may be Heat is only evolved
evolved or absorbed along the length of
along the length of the conductor.
the conductor.
2. A temperature No temprature
difference is difference is required
required along the along the length of
length of the the conductor.
conductor.
3. Amount of heat Amount of heat
evolved / absorbed evolved does not
depends on the depend on the
temperature difference temperature difference
across the ends across the ends
of the conductor. of the conductor.
4. It is reversible. It is irreversible.
5. Heat evolved or Heat evolved is
absorbed is propor- proportional to the
tional to the current. square of the current.
6. It depends on the It is independent of
direction of the the direction of
current. current.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Cells 10. The relative density of the electrolyte of acid
1. The electric cell is a device to obtain : accumulator should not be allowed to fall below :
a) electrons b) electric charge a) 1.80 b) 1.50
c) electric energy from chemical energy c) 1.28 d) 1.18
d) electric force 11. The capacity of a storage cell is expressed in :
2. Within the electric cell, the charge is transported a) ampere b) ampere hour
by : c) farad d) none of the above
a) free electrons b) only +VE ions 12. Which of the following cells is more likely to be
c) only –VE ions damaged due to short circuiting ?
d) both +VE ion and –VE ions a) Daniel cell b) Dry cell
3. The dimensions of the emf of a source of current c) Acid cell d) Fuel cell
are that of : 13. Which of the following acts as depolariser in
a) force b) electric field Laclanche cell ?
c) current d) potential a) MnO2 b) NH4Cl
4. Which of the following is NOT the disadvantage c) Mn2O3 d) ZnCl2
of polarisation of voltaic cell ? 14. What happens during the charging of acid cell ?
a) Increase in internal resistance a) Voltage increases
b) Wastage of chemical energy b) Energy is given out
c) Setting up of back emf c) Relative density of electrolyte decreases
d) Decrease in current supply d) Cathode becomes chocolate brown
5. In which of the following cells polarisation is the 15. The current capacity of a cell is measured in :
major defect ? a) A b) Ah
a) Voltaic cell b) Leclanche cell c) W d) Wh
c) Daniel cell d) None of the above 16. The current capacity of the charged secondary
6. In which of the cells steps need not be taken to cell does not depend on :
avoid local action ? a) rate of discharge
a) Voltaic cell b) Leclanche cell b) temperature
c) Daniel cell d) Fuel cell c) amount of active material
7. Which of the following cells involves similar d) rate of charging
chemical reactions ? 17. Which of the following does not cause sulphation
a) Voltaic cell and Daniel cell of acid storage cell ?
b) Daniel cell and Dry cell a) Incomplete charging
c) Dry cell and Leclanche cell b) Overcharging
d) Leclanche cell and Voltaic cell c) Irregular charging
8. Which of the following is NOT the name of a d) Fast charging
secondary cell ? 18. Which of the following is NOT the active material
a) Acid cell b) Alkali cell in lead storage cell ?
c) Fuel cell d) Storage cell a) Lead per oxide b) Lead sulphate
9. Who was the first to design storage cell ? c) Sponge lead d) Sulphuric acid
a) Plante b) Galvani 19. Which of the following is one of the active
c) Edison d) Volta materials of the Edison cell ?
a) Nickle oxide a) Current capacity increases

b) Potassium oxide b) Current capacity decreases
c) Iron oxide c) The emf increases
d) None of the above d) The emf decreases
20. What happens during the discharging of Edison 27. If n cells each of emf  are connected in series,
cell ? the effective emf of the combination is :
a) Relative density of electrolyte decreases a) n2  b) n 
b) The emf does not change

c) The emf decreases c) d) none of the above
n
d) Relative density increases
21. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of 28. If n cells each of emf  are connected in parallel,
alkali cells over acid cells ? the effective emf of the combination is :
a) Better operation at low temperature a) n2  b) n 
b) Mechanically strong 
c) d) none of the above
c) Higher emf n
d) Better life 29. A battery is made by connecting 4 cells in series
22. Which of the following is NOT the common name each having capacity 5 Ah at 1.5 volt. The battery
of storage cells ? will have capacity equal to :
a) Edison cell b) NIFE cell a) 20 Ah at 6 V b) 20 Ah at 1.5 V
c) Acid cell d) Plante cell c) 5 Ah at 6 V d) 5 Ah at 1.5 V
23. What causes lower efficiency of alkali cell as 30. To draw maximum current from a combination
compared to the acid cell ? of cells, how should the cells be grouped ?
a) Lower emf a) Series
b) Small amount of electrolyte b) Parallel
c) Longer life
c) Mixed
d) Higher internal resistance
d) Depends upon the relative values of external
24. A number of cells are to be grouped so as to and internal resistance
obtain maximum current. The internal resistance
31. First electrochemical cell was designed by :
of each cell is r and the total external resistance
is R. Which of the following is wrong ? a) Galvani
a) Series combination for R > r and parallel for b) Faraday
R<r c) Leclanche
b) Parallel combination for R > r and series for d) Some one other than those mentioned above
R<r 32. An external resistance R is connected to a cell
c) Mixed combination for R  r of internal resistance r. The current in the circuit
d) None of the above is maximum when :
25. Which of the following is true when the ideal cells a) R > r b) R < r
are connected in parallel ? c) R = r d) cannot be predicted
a) Current capacity increases 33. 7 cells each of emf  and internal resistance r
b) Current capacity decreases are to be connected in series. If due to oversight
c) The emf increases one cell is connected wrongly, the emf and internal
d) The emf decreases resistance of the combination will be :
26. Which of the following is true when the cells are a) 7 , 7 r b) 5 , 5 r
connected in series ? c) 7 , 5 r d) 5 , 7 r
34. What is the current through the resistor R in the 41. Five cells each of internal resistance 0.2 n and
circuit shown in fig. The emf of each cell is . e.m.f. 2 V are connected in series with a resistance
of 4 . The current through the external resistance
is :
a) 0.2 A b) 0.5 A
c) 1 A d) 2 A
42. Two identical cells connected in series send 10 A
current through a 5  resistor. When they are
 
a) b) connected in parallel, they send 8 A current
2R R
through the same resistance. What is the internal
2 resistance of each cell ?
c) d) none of the above a) zero b) 2.5 
R
35. Two identical batteries are connected in series c) 10  d) 10 
with +VE terminals together and –VE terminals 43. The lamp of flash light is 1.5 . It uses 3 cells
together, forming a closed circuit. Which of the each of 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.25 .
following will be zero ? What is the net potential difference across the
a) The emf of each cell lamp ?
b) Potential difference across each cell a) 1.5 V b) 2.25 V
c) Current in the circuit c) 3 V d) 4.5 V
d) Resistance in the circuit 44. No load emf of a battery of internal resistance r
36. A primary cell has e.m.f. 2 volt when short is . What will be the potential drop across its
circuited it gives a current of 4 ampere its internal terminals when a resistance R = r is connected
resistance in ohms will be : across it ?
a) 0.5 b) 2  
a) b)
c) 5 d) 8 4 2
37. A 50 volt battery is connected across 10 ohm c) 2  d) 4 
resistor. The current is 4.5 ampere. The internal 45. A cell of emf  is connected across a resistance
resistance of the battery is : R. The potential difference across the terminals
a) zero b) 0.5 ohm of the cell is V. What is the internal resistance of
c) 1.1 ohm d) 5.0 ohm the cell ?
38. A cell of emf 2 V, when short circuited gives a
V V
current of 4 A. What is the internal resistance of a)   b)
R V
the cell ?
a) 0.5  b) 1.0  V V
c) V d) R
c) 2.0  d) 4.0  E V
39. The capacity of a storage cell is 2.5 Ah. What is 46. In a potentiometer experiment the balancing with
the maximum current that it can supply for half a cell is at length 240 cm. On shunting the cell
hour ? with a resistance of 2 , the balancing length
a) 0.5 A b) 1.0 A becomes 120 cm. The internal resistance of the
c) 2.5 A d) 5.0 A cell is :
40. The internal resistance of cell is 0.1  and its emf a) 4  b) 2 
is 2 V. When a current of 2 A is being drawn c) 1  d) 0.5 
from it, the potential difference across its terminals 47. A cell supplies a current of 1 A through a
will be : resistance of 5  and a current of 0.6 A through
a) more than 2 V b) 2 V a resistance of 10 . What is the internal resistance
c) 1.8 V d) none of the above of the cell ?
a) 1.0  b) 1.5  a) series

c) 2.9  d) 2.5  b) parallel
48. A cell does 5 joules of work in carrying 2 coulomb c) mixture of series and parallel combinations
of charge around a closed circuit. The electro- d) none of these
motive force of the cell is :
54. Two unequal resistances are connected in parallel
a) 2 volt b) 2.5 volt across a cell. Which of the following statements
c) 4 volt d) 5 volt is true ?
49. In the fig. the potential difference across AB is a) Same current is set up in both resistors
3V. If the internal resistance of the battery is 1 , b) Current through smaller resistor is more
its emf is :
c) Current through larger resistor is more
d) Anyone of the above can be true depending
on the emf of the cell
55. Two unequal resistors are connected in series with
a cell. Which of the following statement is true ?
a) Potential drop across either resistor is same
b) Potential drop across smaller resistor is more
a) 6 V b) 9 V c) Potential drop across larger resistor is more
c) 15 V d) 18 V d) Anyone of the above, can be true depending
50. What is the current in the circuit given below ? on the emf of the cell
56. Why we prefer constantan wire for making
standard resistors ?
a) Low resistivity
b) High resistivity
c) High temperature coefficient of resistance
a) 4 A b) 2 A
d) Low temperature coefficient of resistance
c) 1 A d) 0.5 A
57. Which of the following has –VB temperature
51. In the Fig. what will be the reading of the ammeter coefficient of resistance ?
and voltmeter, when the key K is closed ? The
a) Tungsten b) Carbon
internal resistance of the cell is zero.
c) Nichrome d) Platinum
58. The resistivity of a material is inversely proportional
to :
a) number density of electrons as well as relaxation
time
b) number density of electrons and directly
a) 5 A, 2 V b) 2.5 A, 2.5 V proportional to relaxation time
c) 31 A, 2.5 V d) 2 A, 5 V c) relaxation time and directly proportional to the
number density of electrons
Resistances & Resistivity (Series / Parallel) d) neither relaxation time nor number density of
52. Ohm's law is valid when the temperature of the electrons
conductor is : 59. Increase in which property of free electrons
a) constant b) very high causes increase in the resistance of a conductor
c) very low d) varying with rise in temperature ?
53. To obtain maximum resistance by joining the given a) Number density b) Relaxation time
resistors, they should be grouped in : c) Mass d) None of the above
60. Which of the following characteristic of electrons 67. We show our V-I graphs given below :
determines the current in a conductor ?
a) Drift velocity alone
b) Thermal velocity alone
c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity
d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity
61. Resistivity of conductor depends on :
a) length
b) area of cross-section
c) volume
d) temperature
62. For ohmic conductor the drift velocity d and the
electric field E applied across it are related as :
Which is the V-I graph for diode valve ?
a) d  E b) d  E a) (i) b) (ii)
c) (iii) d) (iv)
c) d  E 3/ 2 d) d  E 2
68. In Q.67, which is the V-I graph for the heater
63. The equivalent resistance in series combination filament ?
is :
a) (i) b) (ii)
a) smaller than the largest resistance
c) (iii) d) (iv)
b) larger than the largest resistance
69. In Q.67, which is the V-I graph for thermistor ?
c) smaller than the smallest resistance
a) (i) b) (ii)
d) larger than the smallest resistance
c) (iii) d) (iv)
64. The equivalent resistance of the parallel combi-
70. In Q.67, which is the V-I graph for thermistor ?
nation is :
a) (i) b) (ii)
a) smaller than the largest resistance
c) (iii) d) (iv)
b) larger than the largest resistance
71. Resistivity of a conductor depends upon its :
c) smaller than the smallest resistance
a) resistance
d) larger than the smallest resistance
b) length
65. A voltmeter of resistance R is to be used to measure
c) area of cross-section
the potential difference across a resistance r. In
which case the reading will be nearest to that in d) none of the above characteristics
the absence of voltmeter ? 72. The length of a conductor is halved. Its conductivity
a) R < r will be :
b) R > r a) halved b) unchanged
c) R = r c) doubled d) quadrupled
d) R = 0 73. The length of a conductor is halved. Its conductance
will be :
66. An ammeter of resistance R is to be used to
measure the current through a resistance r. In a) halved b) unchanged
which case the reading will be nearest to the c) doubled d) quadrupled
current in the absence of ammeter. 74. Out of the following materials, the conductivity is
a) R =  the largest for :
b) R > r a) copper b) lead
c) R < r d) R = r c) zinc d) mercury
75. You are given three equal resistors. How many 82. High pressure decreases the amplitude of atomic
groups of resistances can be obtained by joining vibrations. This causes :
them in series and parallel grouping ? a) decrease in electric and thermal conducti vities
a) Two b) Three b) increase in electric and thermal conductivities
c) Four d) Six c) increase in electric conductivity and decrease
76. Which of the following characteristic is immaterial in thermal conductivity or vice versa
for the fuse wire ? d) no change in electric or thermal conductivities
a) Resistivity b) Radius
83. When the car starts, the illuminance of the head
c) Length d) None of the above lights decreases. This happens because the :
77. The V-I graph for a conductor makes angle  a) potential drop inside the battery increases
with V-axis. Here V denotes voltage and T
b) emf of the battery decreases
denotes current. The resistance of the conductor
is given by : c) internal resistance of the battery increases
a) sin  b) cos  d) current drawn from the battery decreases
c) tan  d) cot  84. If the radius of a wire carrying current is doubled,
78. In the absence of electric field, the mean velocity the drift velocity of the electrons will be :
of free electrons in a conductor at absolute a) unchanged b) halved
temperature T is : c) one-fourth d) four times
a) zero 85. The current through a resistance changes by 1%.
b) independent of temperature What is the percentage change in voltage across
it ?
c) proportional to T
a) 0.5 % b) 1.0 %
d) proportional to T
c) 2 % d) 4 %
79. A wire is cut into 4 pieces, which are put together
side by side to obtain one conductor. If the original 86. The temperature coefficient is negative for :
resistance of the wire was R, the resistance of a) brass b) mercury
the bundle will be : c) CuSO4 solution d) silver
R R 87. Out of the following which does not possess
a) b) negative temperature coefficient ?
4 8
a) Paper
R R b) Rubber
c) d)
16 32
c) Gutta Parcha d) Nichrome
80. Four wires each of same length, diameter and
88. Two wires have same length. But area of cross-
material are connected to each other to form a
section of one is 4 times that of the other. If the
square. If the resistance of each wire is R, then
resistance of thinner wire be 200 , what is the
equivalent resistance across the opposite corners
resistance of the thicker wire ?
is :
a) 100  b) 50 
R R
a) b) c) 25  d) 12.5 
4 2
89. Just as electricity is supplied at 220 V for domestic
c) R d) none of these use in India, it is supplied at 110 V in USA. If
81. The conductivity of a conductor decreases with resistance of 60 W bulb for use in India is R, that
temperature because on heating : of a 60 W bulb for use in USA will be :
a) atoms vibrate vigorously
b) conductor expands R R
a) b)
c) electrons gain energy 4 2
d) electrons vibrate vigorously c) R d) 2 R
90. Four wires of equal length and of resistance 10 97. The smallest resistance that can be obtained by
ohms each are connected in the form of square. the combination of n resistors, each of resistance
The equivalent resistance between two opposite R is :
comers of the square is :
R R
a) 10 ohms b) 40 ohms a) b)
n2 n
10 c) nR d) n2R
c) 20 ohms d) ohms
4 98. A steady current is set up in a metallic wire of
91. Cell of negligible resistance and e.m.f. 2 volt is non-uniform cross-section. How is the speed of
connected to series combination of 2, 3 and 5 flow  of electrons related to the area of cross-
ohm. The potential difference in volts between section A ?
the terminals of 3 ohm resistance will be : a)  is independent of A
2 b)   A 1
a) 0.6 V b) V
3 c)   A
c) 3 V d) 6 V
d)   A 2
92. A piece of wire of resistance 4 ohm is bent through 99. When a current I is set up in a wire of radius r,
1800 at its mid-point and the two halves are the drift speed is d. If the same current is set up
twisted together. Then the resistance is : through a wire of radius 2 r the drift speed will
a) 8 ohms b) 1 ohm be :
c) 2 ohms d) 5 ohms
d d
93. A cell of negligible resistance and emf 2 volt is a) b)
4 2
connected to series combination of 2, 3 and 5
ohm. The potential difference in volts between c) 2 d d) 4 d
the terminals of 3 ohm resistance will be : 100. The equivalent resistance of n resistors each of
same resistance when connected in parallel is Rp.
2 If they are connected in series, the equivalent
a) 0.6 V b) V
3 resistance will be :
c) 3 V d) 6 V
Rp Rp
94. In the above question, what is potential difference a) 2 b)
n n
across the combination of 2 & 3 ohm resistances?
a) 1.5 V b) 1 V c) n Rp d) n2 Rp
c) 0.5 V d) 0.25 V 101. The masses of the three wires of copper are in
the ratio of 1 : 3 : 5. And their lengths are in the
95. A uniform wire 10 cm long is carrying a steady
ratio of 5 : 3 : 1. The ratio of their electrical
current. The potential drop across it is 10 V. What
resistances is :
is the electric field inside it ?
a) 1 : 3 : 5 b) 5 : 3 : 1
a) zero b) 1 Vm–1
–1
c) 1 : 15 : 125 d) 125 : 15 : 1
c) 10 Vm d) 100 Vm–1
102. An aluminium wire is drawn through a die so as
96. A wire of resistance R is bent in the form of a
to double its length. If the original resistance be
circle. The resistance between two points on the
R, then the new resistance of the wire will be :
circumference of the wire and at the end of a
diameter of the circle is : R R
a) b)
R R 16 4
a) b) c) 4 R d) 16 R
4 8
103. An aluminium wire is drawn through die so as to
R R reduce its diameter to half. If the original resistance
c) d)
16 32 be R, the new resistance of the wire will be :
is 12 . What is the resistance of the burnt

R R
a) b) resistor ?
16 4
a) 4  b) 8 
c) 4 R d) 16 R
c) 12  d) 16 
104. The length and area of cross-section of a conductor
111. The validity of ohm's law requires that the drift
are doubled, its resistance will be :
velocity  is related to the electric field E across
a) halved b) unchanged the conductor as :
c) doubled d) quadrupled
a)   E1/ 2 b)   E
105. A potential difference of 10 V is applied across a
conductance 4 S. The current in the conductor is : c)   E 2
d)   E 4
a) 40 A b) 2.5 A 112. What is the maximum number of 100 W, 200 V
c) 2.4 A d) none of the above lamps which can be connected in a circuit having
fuse wire of safe current 5 A ?
106. The relation between S m–1 and S cm–1 is :
a) 5 b) 10
a) 1 Sm–1 = 100 S cm–1
c) 20 d) 40
b) 1 Sm–1 = 10 S cm–1
113. The resistance of 1 kg of a material in the cubical
c) 1 Sm–1 = 0.1 S cm–1
form of each side  is R. What will be the
d) 1 Sm–1 = 0.01 S cm–1 resistance, if the same material is used as a
107. Three resistances of 10 , 5 , 2  respectively rectangular block of length 2 ?
are connected in parallel. New resistance will be :
R R
a) more than 10  a) b)
4 2
b) between 10  and 5 
c) 2 R d) 4 R
c) between 5  and 2 
114. The resistance of hot tungsten filament is about
d) less than 2 
10 times the cold resistance. What will be the
108. A wire of resistance 3  is cut into three equal resistance of 100 W and 200 V lamp when not in
pieces, which are joined to form a triangle. The use ?
equivalent resistance between any two comers
a) 14000  b) 400 
of the triangle is :
c) 40  d) 4 
3 2 115. Given that R1 = 2 , R2 = R3 = 6 . Which of the
a)  b) 
2 3 following combinations will give an effective
resistance of 4  ?
1
c)  d) 4  a) All in parallel
4
b) R1 and R2 in parallel in series with R3
109. G1, G2, G3 are the conductances of three conductors.
c) R2 and R3 in parallel in series with R1
When they are joined in series, their equivalent
d) R3 and R1 in parallel in series with R2
conductance will be :
116. A wire is stretched by 0.5%. What is the change
1 1 1 in its resistance ?
a) G1 + G2 + G3 b)  
G1 G 2 G 3 a) 0.5 % b) 1.0 %
c) 2.0 % d) 4.0 %
G1G 2 G 3
c) 117. The dimensions of a block are 1 cm  1 cm 
G1  G 2  G 3 100 cm. If specific resistance of its material is
d) given by some other relation 3  10–7 ohm metre then the resistance between
the opposite rectangular faces is :
110. Two resistances when connected in parallel have
equivalent resistance of 3 . When one of the a) 3  10–9 ohm b) 3  10–7 ohm
resistance is burnt and broken, the net resistance c) 3  10–5 ohm d) 3  10–3 ohm
118. There is a current of 3.2 A in a conductor. The a) 1 A b) 1.5 A

number of electrons that cross any section normal c) 10.5 A d) 12 A
to the direction of flow per second is :
123. In fig. 122.1 if R1 + R2 = 10.5 , what is the
a) 1019 b) 2  1019 reading in the voltmeter ?
c) 3  1019 d) 3.2  1019 a) 1 V b) 1.5 V
119. Two wires of same material and same mass have c) 10.5 V d) 12 V
lengths in the ratio 1 : 2. If we apply the same
124. In fig. 122.1 if the reading in the voltmeter be
potential across each of them, the heat generated
10 V and R1 = 5 , what is R2 ?
in them will be in the ratio :
a) 1.5  b) 2.5 
a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1
c) 3.5  d) 4.5 
c) 1 : 4 d) 4 : 1
125. What is the resistance across A and B in the fig. ?
a) 3 R b) R
R R
a) b) R
5 3 c) d) none of the above
3
c) R d) 3 R
126. What is the equivalent resistance across A and B
in the fig., if R = 3  ?
R
a) b) R
2 a) 9  b) 12 
c) 2 R d) 4 R c) 15  d) none of the above
122. Fig. shows a battery B of emf 12 V connected in 127. What is the total resistance of the circuit shown
series with an ammeter, a resistor R1 and a in fig. 127.1 ?
rheostat R2. A voltmeter is also connected across
the battery. The internal resistance of the battery
is r = 1.5 .
Fig. 127.1
a) 6  b) 7 
c) 8  d) 9 
Fig. 122.1 128. What is the reading of ammeter in the fig. 127.1 ?
If at any instant R1 + R2 = 10.5 , what is the a) 0.5 A b) 1.0 A
reading in the ammeter ? c) 1.5 A d) 2 A
129. What is the reading of the voltmeter in fig. 127.1 ? 32 8

c)  d) 
a) 1 V b) 2 V 3 3
c) 2.5 V d) 3 V 134. In the circuit given below in which case the
130. A voltmeter is used to measure the potential ammeter reading will not change when R2 is
difference V across XY in the circuit in Figure varied ?
below. In order to give an accurate reading V,
how should the resistance of the voltmeter
compare with R ?
a) R1 = r b) R1 = 2 r
c) R1 > R2 d) r = 0
135. In the circuit given below the ammeter reading is
a) Much greater than R
zero. What is the value of the resistance R ?
b) Slightly less than R
c) Equal to R d) Slightly greater than R
131. All bulbs in figure given below are identical.
Which bulb(s) light(s) most brightly :
a) 50  b) 100 
c) 200  d) 400 
136. In the above circuit, in which of the following
case the reading of the ammeter will change if
a) 1 only b) 2 only
the ammeter resistance G is changed ?
c) 3 and 4 d) 1 and 5
a) G = 50  b) G = 100 
132. In the circuit in figure given below all four bulbs
c) G = 500  d) none of the above
are identical. How do the brightnesses of the bulbs
compare ? 137. What is the total resistance across A and B in the
circuit given below :
a) Bulb 1 is brightest
b) Bulb 4 is brightest
c) Bulbs 1 and 4 are brighter than 2 and 3
d) Bulbs 3 and 4 are brighter than 1 and 2
133. The resistance across the legs M and N of the a) 2 R b) R
letter 'A' as shown in the following figure is : c) R / 2 d) R / 4
138. In the circuit given below the ammeter and voltmeter
are ideal measuring devices. What is the reading
of the voltmeter ?
a) 4  b) 20 
a) 6 V b) 3 V c) resistance d) current
c) 1.5 V d) zero 144. According to the Kirchhoff's law the sum of the
139. In the circuit shown below, what is the potential products of current and resistance as well as emfs
difference across A and B ? in a closed loop is :
a) greater than zero
b) zero
c) less than zero
d) determined by the emf
145. What determines the conventional direction of the
a) 60 V b) 45 V product of current and resistance while applying
the Kirchhoff slaw ?
c) 30 V d) 20 V
a) Magnitude of current
140. In the circuit shown below every resistance has
24 ohm value. The resistance between terminals b) Value of resistance
P and Q is : c) Direction of current
d) None of the above
146. Why the Wheatstone bridge is more accurate than
the other methods of measuring resistances ?
a) It has four resistor arms
a) 26 ohm b) 32 ohm b) It is based on Kirchhoff's laws
c) 36 ohm d) 42 ohm c) It does not involve Ohm's law
141. The colour coded resistance of carbon resistor d) It is a null method
of fig. (Initial three band are red and fourth band 147. If P, Q, R and S are the resistances in the arms
is silver) : of Wheatstone bridge, then the bridge is most
sensitive, when :
a) P = Q = R = S
b) P = Q and R = S
c) P + Q = R + S
d) P – Q = R – S
a) 222  ± 10 % b) 2200  ± 10 %
148. The resistance in ohm in the four arms of Wheatstone
c) 333  ± 5 % d) 33000  ± 10 %
bridge are as follows. In which case the bridge is
142. Find the resistance between a and b in the circuit balanced ?
given below.
a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 2, 3, 4
c) 3, 3, 3, 4 d) 4, 4, 4, 4
149. In the circuit shown in fig., the current drawn
from the battery is 4A. If 10 resistor is replaced
by 20 resistor. the current drawn from the
circuit will be :
a) 3  a) 6 
c) 9  d) 12 
Kirchhoff's Law (Wheatstone Bridge)

143. Wheatstone bridge is used to measure :
a) e.m.f. b) potential
a) 1 A b) 2 A
c) 4 A d) 8 A
150. Fig shows a Wheatstone bridge circuit. If a current
of 2A enters at A, then what is the current in the
arm BC ?
a) B to D
b) D to B
c) Depends on the value of emf (  ) of the cell
d) Depends on the internal resistance (r) of the
a) 0.5 A cell
b) 1.0 A 155. What is the current through the 3 resistance in
c) 1.5 A the circuit shown below ?
d) none of the above
151. What is the reading of ammeter in the fig. 150.1.
Assume that the internal resistance of battery is
zero and the key is closed ?
a) 5 A
b) 3 A
c) 11 A
d) Cannot be calculated unless 2 is known
156. Four resistors are connected as shown, and a
a) 0.25 A b) 0.5 A 6 volt d.c. battery of negligible resistance is
c) 1.0 A d) 2.0 A connected across terminal A, C. The potential
difference across terminal B, D will be :
152. In the fig. in Q. No. 151. how does the reading in
the ammeter change when the key is opened ?
a) Becomes one fourth
b) Becomes half
c) Remains unchanged
d) It is doubled
153. How does the current drawn from the battery in
figure in Q. No. 151 change when the key is a) 0 V
opened ? b) 1.5 V
a) Becomes one fourth c) 2 V
b) Becomes half d) 3 V
c) Remains unchanged 157. Fig. below shows a Wheatstone's net, with
d) It is doubled P = 1000 ohm, Q = 10.0 ohm, R (unknown), S
154. Figure given below shows an unbalanced variable and near 150 ohm for balance. If the
wheatstone bridge. What is the direction of connections across A, C & B, D are interchanged,
conventional current between B and D ? the error range in R determination would :
d) None of these
161. The null point in a potentiometer with a cell of
e.m.f.  is obtained at a distance '' on the wire.
Then :
a)    b)    2
1 1
c)   d)  
 2
162. Which of the following can cause the null point
a) remain unaffected
of a potentiometer to shift beyond the wire ?
b) increase substantially
a) Low emf auxiliary battery
c) increase marginally
b) High emf of auxiliary battery
d) decrease substantially
c) Shorter length of wire
158. Find the resistance across AB in the circuit given
d) Longer length of wire
below :
163. When the balance point is obtained in the
potentiometer, the current is drawn from :
a) both the cell and auxiliary battery
b) cell only
c) auxiliary battery only
d) neither cell nor auxiliary battery
164. Post office box is a device for measuring resistances
based on the principle of :
a) 4 R b) 2 R
a) potentiometer b) metre bridge
R c) ohm meter d) galvanometer
c) R d)
2 165. In the potentiometer for measuring the emf of
159. Find the resistance across A and B in the circuit the cell, at null point no current flows through :
given below : a) the main circuit
b) the cell circuit
c) both the main and cell circuits
d) neither main nor the cell circuits
166. Potentiometer is better for measuring the potential
difference than the voltmeter because :
a) it uses a long wire
b) it uses an auxiliary battery of large emf
a) 5 A b) 7  c) it does not disturb the potential difference to
be measured
c) 10  d) 
d) it is based on the principle of Wheatstone
bridge
Potentiometer & Meter Bridge
167. An electron in the potentiometer wire experiences
160. Slide wire bridge does not operate on the same a force of 2.4  10 –19 N. The length of the
principle as the : potentiometer wire is 4 m. The emf of the battery
a) Wheatstone bridge connected across the wire is :
b) Potentiometer a) 2.4 V b) 4.0 V
c) Post office box c) 4.8 V d) 6.0 V
168. For higher sensitivity which of the following is a) 0.25 V b) 0.50 V

essential for the potentiometer ? c) 0.75 V d) 1.00 V
a) Higher emf of auxiliary battery
b) Higher resistivity of the wire Thermoelectricity
c) Larger length of the wire 174. In a thermocouple minimum current flows at :
c) None of the above a) neutral temperature
169. In a potentiometer of 10 wires, the balance point b) temperature of inversion
is obtained on the 6th wire. To shift the balance
c) twice the neutral temperature
point to 8th wire, we should :
d) twice the temperature of inversion
a) increase resistance in the main circuit
b) decrease resistance in the main circuit 175. Charge carriers in the thermocouple are :
c) increase resistance in series with the cell a) electrons b) protons
whose emf is to be measured c) positive ions d) negative ions
d) decrease resistance in series with the cell 176. A battery is connected to a thermocouple of
whose emf is to be measured. copper and iron. The two junctions will be :
170. In a potentiometer experiment for measuring the a) at the same temperature
emf of a cell, the null point is at 240 cm when we b) heated up
have a 500  resistor in series with the cell and c) neither heated up nor cooled
galvanometer. If the series resistance is reduced
d) undergoing thermo electric effect leading to
to half, the null point will be at :
the heating of one junction and cooling of the
a) 480 cm b) 240 cm other
c) 120 cm d) 60 cm
177. Which of the following is not reversible ?
171. A battery of 6 volt is connected to the terminals
a) Seebeck effect b) Peltier effect
of the three-meter long wire of uniform thickness
and resistance of the order of 100 ohm. The c) Joule's effect d) Thomson effect
difference of potential between two points 178. In which of the following the power dissipation is
separated by 50 cm on the wire will be : proportional to the square of the current ?
a) 1 volt b) 1. 5 volt a) Peltier effect
c) 2 volt d) 3 volt b) Joule's effect
172. The balance point of a potentiometer with two c) Thomson effect
cells in series is at  = 250 cm. And if one cell is d) None of the above
reversed the balance point is at 1 = 150 cm. What 179. The thermocouple should preferably be not used
is the ratio of emfs of the two cells ? for measuring temperature above :
a) 0.25 b) 0.50 a) that of cold junction
c) 0.75 d) 1.00 b) that of hot junction
173. What is the emf of the cell C in the circuit shown
c) temperature of inversion
in fig., if the deflection in the galvanometer is
d) neutral temperature
zero ? The resistance of the wire is 3 ? The
length of the wire is 100 cm. 180. The Thomson coefficient for lead is :
a) less than zero
b) zero
c) more than zero but less than 1
d) more than 1
181. Seebeck effect is inverse of :
a) Peltier effect b) Joule's effect
c) Thomson's effect d) None of the above
182. The thermocouple cannot act as : a) P = 10 , Q = 20 

a) refrigerator b) a.c. generator b) P = 20 , Q = 40 
c) thermometer d) voltmeter c) P =10 , Q = 10 
183. What is the nature of graph between temperature d) P = 40 , Q = 10 
and thermo emf ? 190. The instrument for the accurate measurement of
a) Hyperbola b) Straight line e.m.f. of a cell is :
c) Parabola d) Some other curve a) A voltmeter
184. Thermoelectric power is the rate of change of b) An ammeter
thermo emf with : c) A potentiometer
a) temperature b) time c) A Wheatstone bridge
c) distance d) thermo electric current 191. The cells E1 and E2 in the following figure have
185. In the Seebeck series Bi occurs first followed by e.m.f.s 4 V and 8 V and internal resistances 0.5
Cu and Fe among other. The Sb is the last in the ohm and 1 ohm respectively. The P.D. across E1
series. If 1 be the thermo emf at the given and E2 are :
temperature difference for Bi – Sb thermocouple
and , be that for Cu – Fe thermocouple, which
of the following is true ?
a) 1   2 b) 1   2
c) 1   2
d) Data is not sufficient to predict it
a) 4.25 V, 6 V b) 7.5 V, 3 V
186. As the temperature of hot junction increases, the
c) 9.25 V, 6.5 V d) 3.25 V, 6.5 V
thermo emf :
192. The terminal voltage of a battery is 9 V when
a) always increases
supplying a current of 4 amp and 8.5 V when
b) always decreases supplying 6 A. Then, the E.M.F. of the battery
c) may increase or decrease is :
d) neither increases nor decreases a) 10 V b) 8 V
187. If the temperature of the hot junction of a thermo- c) 7.5 V d) 6 V
couple changes from 800C to 1000C, the percentage 193. The equivalent resistance between points and B
change in thermoelectric power is : in the following figure, in ohms is :
a) 8 % b) 10 %
c) 20 % d) 25 %
Recent Questions from MH-C.E.T. Exams.

188. A cell of e.m.f. 1.08 V is balanced by a 216 cm
length of a potentiometer, wire that would balance r
a) r b)
a cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V is : 3
a) 300 cm b) 250 cm 2r
c) d) 3 r
c) 310 cm d) 290 cm 3
189. With resistances P and Q in the left and right 194. A wire of radius r has resistance R. If it is stretched
gaps of meter bridge respectively, the null point
r
divides the wire in the ratio 1 : 2. If P and Q are to a radius . Its resistance becomes :
increased by 20  each, the null point divides the 2
wire in the ratio 3 : 4, then the resistances P and a) 0.5 R b) 2 R
Q are given as : c) 4 R d) 16 R
195. A current of 4 amp. flows through the wire in the

1 1
figure. The potential drop between A and B is : a) A b) A
2 20
1 1
c) A d) A
a) 35 V b) 36 V 25 10
c) 37 V d) 38 V 200. Watt hour meter measures :
196. Two identical resistors connected once in series a) current b) electric energy
and then in parallel are connected to a battery. c) power d) voltage
The ratio of the power delivered by the battery 201. When a current flows through a conductor its
temperature :
Pseries
a) may increase or decrease
Pparallel will be :
b) remains same
1 c) decreases d) increases
a) 2 b)
2 202. Two wires of same material have length L and
2L & cross-sectional areas 4A & A respectively.
1 The ratio of their specific resistance would be :
c) 1 d)
4 a) 1 : 2 b) 8 : 1
197. In the adjacent circuit, power dissipated in c) 1 : 8 d) 1 : 1
resistance R2 is : 203. The resistance of a 5 cm long wire is 10 . It is
uniformly stretched, so that its length becomes
20 cm, The resistance of the wire is :
a) 160  b) 80 
c) 40  d) 20 
204. The effective resistance of two resistors in parallel
12
is . If one of the resistors is disconnected
7
a) 0 W b) 3 W the resistance becomes 4 . The resistance of
c) 6 W d) 12 W the other resistor is :
198. A terminal voltage of a battery is 9.0 V when a) 4  b) 3 
supplying a current of 4.0 A and 8.5 V when
12 7
supplying 6.0 A. The internal resistance of the c)  d) 
battery is : 7 12
a) 0.10  b) 0.25  205. The effective resistance between the terminal A
c) 0.50  d) 0.60  and B of the circuit shown is :
199. What is the magnitude of the current i in the circuit
given ?
a) 18  b) 24 
c) 30  d) 42 
206. When a wire is stretched the length of wire
becomes four times. The ratio of resistance is :
[in the circuit each side of triangle AB has a) 1 : 64 b) 64 : 1
resistance equal to 30 ohms] c) 1 : 8 d) 1 : 16
207. If four resistances each of 4  are to be joined 214. In a Wheatstone network P = Q = R = 10  and
to have resistance of 3  they should be arranged : S = 20 . What resistance is to be connected
a) 3 in parallel and 1 in series across 20  to balance the bridge :
b) 3 in series and 1 in parallel a) 40  b) 5 
c) 2 in parallel and 2 in parallel c) 10  d) 20 
d) all are in series 215. Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by :
208. If power is 112 watt and V = 56 volt. What is the a) increasing length
value of resistance ? b) increasing voltage
a) 56  b) 28  c) increasing potential gradient
c) 10  d) 5  d) increasing current
209. A thick wire is stretched so that its length become 216. A wire of diameter 1 mm is wound over a cylinder
two times. Assuming that there is no change in of radius 2.5 cm. Resistance of the wire is 200 
its density, then what is the ratio of change in and  = 10–6 m. No. of circular turns wound
resistance of wire to the initial resistance of wire ? over the cylinder are :
a) 2 : 1 b) 4 : 1 a) 100 turns b) 1,000 turns
c) 3 : 1 d) 1 : 4 b) 10 turns d) 10,000 turns
210. The length of resistance wire is increased by 10%. 217. A wire of length 1.6 of m has a resistance 8  is
What is the corresponding change in the connected to a battery of 2 volts and internal
resistance of the wire ? resistance 2 . What is the potential gradient ?
a) 10 % b) 25 % a) 1.5 V/m b) 0.5 V/m
c) 21 % d) 9 % c) 1 V/m d) 2 V/m
211. A conductor of length '' , area of cross-section 218. Specific resistance of a metal conductor is 4  10–5
"A" has n number of electrons per unit volume of m and its area of cross section is 8 cm2 when
the conductor, the current flowing through 0.2 A current passes through the conductor then
conductor in time t is given by : potential gradient of the conductor is :
nAe a) 10–1 V/m b) 10–3 V/m
a) I  b) I  nA
t c) 10–2 V/m d) 10 V/m
219. S.I. unit of potential gradient is :
e ne
c) I  d) I  a) V cm b) V/Cm
nAt t
c) V m d) V/m
212. A cell of emf E is connected across a resistance
220. Kirchhoff s first law is the consequence of Law
R. The potential difference between the terminals
of Conservation of :
of the cell is found to be V. The internal resistance
of the cell must be : a) mass b) energy
c) charge d) momentum
 2(E  V)V   2(E  V)R  221. For measurment of potential difference, potentio-
a)   b)  
 2   E  meter is preferred in comparison to voltmeter
because :
 (E  V)R   (E  V)  a) potentiometer is more sensitive than voltmeter
c)   d)  
 V   R 
b) the resistance to potentiometer is less than
213. The length of wire is increased by 10% then the voltmeter
percentage change in resistance is : c) potentiometer is cheaper than voltmeter
a) 21 % b) 10 % d) potentiometer does not take current from the
c) 5 % d) 15 % circuit
222. For a thermocouple, the inversion temperature is 229. In a Wheatstone's network the positions of the
6000C and the neutral temperature is 3200C. Find battery and the galvanometer are interchanged.
the temperature of the cold junction ? The balance condition :
a) 40 0C b) 20 0C a) remains unaltered
0
c) 80 C d) 60 0C b) alters
223. A circular loop and a square loop are formed from c) may or may not be altered depending on the
the same wire and the same current is passed resistance of the galvanometer and the battery
through them. Find the ratio of their dipole d) none of these
moments.
230. In Wheatstone's bridge, three resistors P, Q, R
4 are connected in three arms in order and 4th arm
a) 4  b)
 S is formed by two resistors s1 and s2 connected
in parallel. The condition for bridge to be balanced
2
c) d) 2  P
 is 
Q
224. When a resistance of 100  is connected in series
with a galvanometer of resistance R, its range is R(s1  s 2 ) s1s 2
a) b)
V. To double its range a resistance of 1000  is s1s 2 R(s1  s 2 )
connected in series. Find R :
Rs1s 2 (s1  s 2 )
a) 700  b) 800  c) d)
(s1  s 2 ) Rs1s 2
c) 900  d) 100 
231. An electron in potentiometer wire experiences a
225. The e.m.f of a thermocouple, cold junction of which
force 2.4  10–19 N. The length of potentiometer
is kept at –3000C is given by,
wire is 6 m. The e.m.f. of the battery connected
1 2 across the wire is :
E  40t  t
10 [electronic charge = 1.6  10–19 C]
The temperature of inversion of thermocouple will a) 6 V b) 9 V
be : c) 12 V d) 15 V
a) 20 0C b) 400 0C 232. The masses of three copper wires are in the ratio
0
c) – 200 C d) – 100 0C 1 : 3 : 5 and their lengths are in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1.
226. Which of the following is correct relation between The ratio of their resistance is :
potential gradient, current I and specific resistance a) 15 : 1 : 125 b) 1 : 125 : 15
? c) 125 : 1 : 15 d) 125 : 15 : 1
A 233. The resistances in left and right gap of a meter
a) b) IA bridge are 20  and 30  respectively. When
I
the resistance in the left gap is reduced to half its
I I value, the balance point shifts by :
c) d)
A A a) 15 cm to the right b) 15 cm to the left
227. If the temperature of cold junction decreases then c) 20 cm to the right d) 20 cm to the left
neutral temperature : 234. A potentiometer wire of length 10 m is connected
a) increases b) decreases in series with a battery. The e.m.f. of a cell
c) remains constant balances against 250 cm length of wire. If length
d) may increase or may decrease of potentiometer wire is increased by 1 m, the
new balancing length of wire will be :
228. For a thermocouple, the temperature of inversion
is that temperature at which thermo emf is : a) 2.00 m b) 2.25 m
a) zero b) maximum c) 2.50 m d) 2.74 m
c) minimum d) none of the above 
REVISION OUESTIONS 7. The equivalent resistance C, P of the arrangement

from Competitive Exams of resistances shown below in the adjoining figure
between the points A and B is :
1. Three resistances of magnitude 2, 3 and 5 ohms
are connected in parallel to a battery of ten volts
and of negligible resistance. The potential drop
across the 3 ohm resistance will be :
a) 2 volts b) 3 volts
c) 5 volts d) 10 volts
2. Two resistances are joined in parallel whose
6
resultant is ohms. One of the resistance wire a) 6 ohm b) 8 ohm
5
c) 16 ohm d) 24 ohm
is broken and the effective resistance becomes
2 ohms. Then the resistance in ohm of the wire 8. The internal resistance of a cell of e.m.f. 2.0 volt
that got broken was : is 0.1 ohm. It is connected to a resistance of 3.9
ohm. The voltage across the cell will be (in volt) :
3 a) 0.5 b) 1.90
a) b) 2
5 c) 1.95 d) 2.0
6 9. The potential difference between the points A and
c) d) 3 B in the adjoining circuit diagram will be :
5
3. Three 2 ohm resistors are connected to form a
triangle. The resistance between any two corners
is :
a) 6 ohm b) 2 ohm
3 4
c) ohm d) ohm
4 3
4. Resistances of 1, 2 and 3 ohin are connected in
the form of a triangle. If a 1.5 volt cell of negligible
internal resistance is connected across the 3 ohm 2 8
a) Volt b) Volt
resistor, the current flowing through this resistance 3 9
will be :
4
a) 0.25 A b) 0.5 A c) Volt d) 2 Volt
3
c) 1.0 A d) 1.5 A
10. In the following circuit, the e.m.f. of the cell is
5. A battery of 6 volt is connected to the terminals 2 volt and the internal resistance is negligible. The
of a three-metre long wire of uniform thickness resistance of the voltmeter is 80 ohm. The reading
and resistance of the order of 100 ohm. The of the voltmeter will be :
difference of potential between two points
separated by 50 cm on the wire will be :
a) 1 volt b) 1.5 volt
c) 2 volt d) 3 volt
6. A 50 volt battery is connected across a 10 ohm
resistor. The current is 4.5 ampere. The internal
resistance of the battery is :
a) zero b) 0.5 ohm a) 0.80 volt b) 1.60 volt
c) 1.1 ohm d) 5.0 ohm c) 1.33 volt d) 2.00 volt
11. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 0.5 17. Three resistances each of 4  are connected in
ohm is connected across a variable resistance R. the form of an equilateral triangle, the effective
The value of R for which the power delivered in resistance between two comers is :
it is maximum is given by : a) 8  b) 12 
a) 2.0 ohm b) 0.25 ohm
3 8
c) 1.0 ohm d) 0.5 ohm c)  d) 
8 3
12. Certain substances loose their electrical resistance
completely at finite, low temperatures. Such 18. A primary cell has an e.m.f. of 1.5 volt, when
substances are called : short-circuited it gives a current of 0.75 ampere.
a) superconductors The internal resistance of the cell is :
b) semiconductors a) 4.5 ohm b) 2 ohm
c) dielectrics  1 
d) perfect conductors c) 0.5 ohm d)   
 45 
13. A length of wire of resistance R is stretched
uniformly so that its length is doubled. Then the 19. Four wires AB, BC, CD, DA of resistance 4 ohm
resistance of the stretched wire will be : each and fifth wire BD of resistance 8 ohm are
joined to form a rectangle ABCD of which BD is
R diagonal. The effective resistance between the
a) 2 R b)
2 points A and B is :
R
c) 4 R d)
4
14. If a power of 100 W is being supplied across a
potential difference of 200 V, current flowing is :
a) 2 A b) 0.5 A
c) 1 A d) 20 A
15. In the fig. current through the 3  resistor is 0.8
ampere then potential drop through 4  resistor
is : a) 24 ohm b) 16 ohm
4 8
c) ohm d) ohm
3 3
20. A battery of e.m.f. 10V is connected to resistances
as shown in Figure.
a) 9.6 V b) 2.6 V
c) 4.8 V d) 1.2 V
16. Kirchhoff's law of electricity follows :
a) law of conservation of energy only
The potential difference VA – VB between the
b) law of conservation of charge only points A and B is :
c) law of conservation of both energy and charge a) – 2 V b) 2 V
d) sometimes law of conservation of energy and
in some other times law of conservation of 20
c) 5 V d) V
charge 11
21. The internal resistance of a primary cell is 4 ohm. 26. What will be the equivalent resistance between
It generates a current of 0.2 ampere in an external the two points A and D ?
resistance of 21 ohm. The rate at which chemical
energy is consumed in 2.1 A providing the current is :
a) 0.42 J/s b) 0.84 J/s
c) 5 J/s d) 1 J/s
22. In the figure given below, the current passing
through the 6  resistor is :
a) 10  b) 20 
c) 30  d) 40 
27. A wire of radius r has resistance R. If it is
stretched to a wire of r/2 radius, then the
resistance becomes :
a) 2 R b) 4 R
c) 16 R d) zero
a) 0.40 A b) 0.48 A
28. Kirchhoff's first law, i.e. i  0 at a junction,
c) 0.72 A d) 0.80 A deals with the conservation of :
23. The equivalent resistance of the following infinite a) charge b) energy
network of resistance is : c) momentum d) angular momentum
29. The current in the following circuit is :
a) Less than 4 
b) 4  1 2
a) A b) A
c) more than 4  but < 12  8 9
d) 12  2
c) A d) 1 A
24. If current flowing in a conductor changes by 1%, 3
then power will change by : 30. What is the equivalent resistance between A and
a) 10 % b) 1 % B?
c) 100 % d) 2 %
25. In the given figure, when galvanometer shows
no deflection, the current (in ampere) flowing
through 5  resistance will be :
2 3
a) R b) R
3 2
R
c) d) 2 R
2
31. A 50 volt battery is connected across 10 ohm
resistor. The current is 4.5 A. The internal resistance
of the battery is :
a) 0.5 b) 0.6 a) zero b) 0.5 
c) 0.9 d) 1.5 c) 1.1  d) 5.0 
32. Two identical batteries, each of e.m.f, 2 volts and a) ( 3  1) b) (1  3)

internal resistance 1 ohm are available to produce
heat in a resistance R = 0.5 ohm by passing a c) (1  3) d) (2  3)
current through it. The maximum power that can
be developed across R using these batteries is : 37. A wire of resistance R is cut into 'n' equal parts.
These parts are then connected in parallel. The
equivalent resistance of the combination will be :
R
a) nR b)
n
n R
c) d)
R n2
38. The resistivity of a wire depends on its :
a) Length
a) 1.28 W b) 2.0 W
b) Area of cross-section
8 c) Shape
c) W d) 3.2 W
9 d) Material
33. The resistivity of a potentiometer wire is 39. The temperature coefficient of resistance of semi-
40  10–8 ohm-m and its area of crosssection is conductor is :
8  10–6 m2. If 0.2 ampere current is flowing a) positive
through the wire, the potential gradient will be :
b) negative
a) 10–2 volt/m b) 10–1 volt/m
c) neutral
c) 3.2  10–2 volt/m d) 1 volt/m
d) first 'A' and then 'C'
34. The conductivity of a superconductor is :
40. The E.M.F. of the Daniel cell is :
a) Infinite b) Very large
a) 0.56 V b) 1.12 V
c) Very small d) Zero
c) 2.56 V d) 3.12 V
35. The current in the ann CD of the circuit will be :
41. The figure shows the connections of a rheostat
with an external battery. A is an ammeter and V
is a voltmeter. The sliding contact R starts from
point P and moves towards the end Q. Which of
the following statements is correct ?
a) i1 + i2 b) i2 + i3
c) i1 + i3 d) i1 – i2 + i3 a) Both ammeter and voltmeter show constant
36. The resistance between the terminal points A and reading
B of the given infinitely long circuit will be : b) The reading of ammeter remains constant but
that of voltmeter increases
c) The reading of ammeter remains constant but
that of voltmeter decreases
d) Both ammeter and voltmeter readin increases
42. A conducting wire is drawn to double its length.
Final resistivity of the material will be :
a) double of the original one a) 8.31 A b) 6.82 A

b) half of the original one c) 4.92 A d) 1.2 A
c) one-fourth of the original one 49. A wire of resistance 1  is stretched to double
d) same as original one its length. The resistance will become :
43. In a voltameter the conduction takes place due a) 2 b) 4
to :
1
a) electrons only c) d) 1
4
b) holes only
50. If a wire of radius 'r' is drawn into another wire
c) electrons and holes of radius '2r', the new resistance of the wire will
d) electrons and ions be :
44. What is the current (I) in the circuit, as shown in
R
the figure ? a) 2 R b)
2
R
c) 4 R d)
16
P R
51. In the following Wheatstone's bridge  . If
Q S
key K is closed then the galvanometer will show
a) 2 A b) 1.2 A deflection :
c) A d) 0.5 A
45. The internal resistance of a cell of e.m.f. 2 V is
0.1 . It is connected to a resistance of 3.9 .
The voltage across the cell will be :
a) 0.5 V b) 1.9 V
c) 1.95 V d) 2 V
46. In a meter bridge, the balancing length from the
left end (standard resistance of one ohm is in the
right gap) is found to be 20 cm. The value of the a) in left side b) in right side
unknown resistance is : c) no deflection d) in either side
a) 0.8  b) 0.5  52. Specific resistance of a wire depends upon :
c) 0.4  d) 0.25  a) length b) cross-section area
47. A potentiometer consists of a wire of length 4 m c) mass d) none
and resistance 10 . It is connected to a cell of 53. Masses of three wires of copper are in the ratio
e.m.f. 2 V. The potential difference per unit length 1 : 3 : 5 and lengths are in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1. Then
of the wire will be : the ratio of their electrical resistances are :
a) 0.5 V/m b) 2 V/m a) 1 : 3 : 5 b) 5 : 3 : 1
c) 5 V/m d) 10 V/m c) 1 : 15 : 125 d) 125 : 15 : 1
48. The current in the given circuit is : 54. Potentiometer measures potential more accurately
because :
a) it uses sensitive galvanometer for null detection
b) it measures potential in the open circuit
c) it uses high resistance potentiometer wire
d) it measures potential in the closed circuit
55. Five resistances have been connected as shown 62. The resistance of each arm of the Wheatstone's
in the figure. The effective resistance between bridge is 10 ohm. A resistance of 10 ohm is
A and B is : connected in series with galvanometer then the
equivalent resistance across the battery will be :
a) 10 ohm b) 15 ohm
c) 20 ohm d) 40 ohm
63. Copper and silicon is cooled from 300 K to 60 K,
the specific resistance :
20
a) 14  b)  a) decreases in copper but increases in silicon
3
b) increases in copper but decreases in silicon
14 c) increases in both
c)  d) 21 
3 d) decreases in both
56. A car battery has e.m.f. 12 volt and internal 64. In the circuit shown below, what is the value of
resistance 5  10–2 ohm. If it draws 60 ampere the unknown resistor R so that the total resistance
current, the terminal voltage of the battery will of the circuit between points P and Q is also equal
be : to R ?
a) 5 volt b) 3 volt
c) 15 volt d) 9 volt
57. Choose the correct statement :
a) Peltier effect and joule effect are reversible
b) Peltier effect & Thomson effect are reversible a) 3 ohms b) 39 ohms
c) Thomson effect and joule effect are reversible
c) 69 ohms d) 10 ohms
d) All the effects are irreversible
58. The smallest temperature difference that can be 65. In the given circuit, current in the arm BD is :
measured with a combination of a thermocouple
of thermo e.m.f. 30 V per degree and a
galvanometer of 50 ohm resistance, capable of
measuring a minimum current of 3  10–7 amp.
is :
a) 0.5 degree b) 1.0 degree
c) 1.5 degree d) 2.0 degree I
59. The neutral temperature is 327 0C and the a) zero b)
2
temperature of cold junction is 10 0C. Then
c) I d) 2 I
inversion temperature is :
a) 644 °C b) 634 °C 66. Thermo emf set up in thermocouple varies as
c) 600 °C d) 168 °C 1
E = aT –   bT2, where a, b are constant and
60. Seebeck emf depends on : 2
a) Temperature of hot junction T is temperature in Kelvin.
b) Temperature of cold junction If a = 16.3 V/0C and b = 0.042 V/(0C)2,
c) Neutral temperature then inversion temperature is :
d) None of these a) 776 0C b) 388 0C
61. Which of the following combination would give c) 279 0C d) none of these
maximum emf ? 67. In a thermocouple the neutral temperature is
a) Ni and Cr b) Fe and Bi 3200C. If the temperature of the cold junction is
c) Sb and Bi d) Cu and Fe 300C, the temperature of inversion will be :
a) 350 0C b) 640 0C a) 1 A b) 2 A
0 0
c) 610 C d) 290 C c) 4 A d) 6 A
68. If each of the resistance of the network shown 73. The thermistors are usually made of :
in figure is R, the equivalent resistance between a) metals with low temperature coefficient of
A and B is : resistivity
a) 3 R b) 5 R b) metals with high coefficient of resistivity
c) R / 2 d) R c) metal oxides with high temperature coefficient
69. A strip of copper and another of germanium are of resistivity
cooled from room temperature to 80 K. The d) semiconducting materials having low tempe-
resistance of : rature coefficient of resistivity
74. The thermo emf of a thermocouple varies with
the temperature e of the hot junction as,
E  a  b2 in volts
a
where the ratio is 7000C. If the cold junction
b
a) each of these increases is kept at 00C, then the neutral temperature is :
b) each of these decreases a) 700 0C
c) copper strip increases and that of germanium b) 350 0C
decreases c) 1400 0C
d) copper strip decreases and that of germanium d) no neutral temperature is possible for this
increases thermocouple
70. The thermo e.m.f. of a thermocouple is 25 V/0C
75. Thermocouple is an arrangement of two different
at room temperature. A galvanometer of 40 ohm
metals :
resistance, capable of detecting current as low
as 10–5 A, is connected with the thermocouple. a) to convert heat energy into electrical energy
The smallest temperature difference that can be b) to produce more heat
detected by this system is : c) to convert heat energy into chemical energy
a) 20 0C b) 16 0C d) to convert electric energy into heat energy
0
c) 12 C d) 8 0C e) to convert mechanical energy into electrical
71. The thermo e.m.f. produced in a thermocouple is energy
3 microvolt per degree centigrade. If the tempe-
76. In the circuit shown, the internal resistance of
rature of the cold junction is 200C and the thermo
the cell is negligible. The steady state current in
e.m.f. is 0.3 milli volt, then the temperature of
the 2  resistor is :
the hot junction is :
a) 20 0C b) 100 0C
c) 120 0C d) 140 0C
72. The total current supplied to the circuit by the
battery in the given circuit is :
a) 0.6 A b) 1.2 A
c) 0.9 A d) 1.5 A
77. The rate of increase of thermo e.m.f, with
temperature at the neutral temperature of a
thermocouple :
a) is positive the 'balancing lengths' on the potentiometer wire

b) is zero are found to be 3 m and 2.85 m, respectively.
c) depends upon the choice of the two materials The value of internal resistance of the cell is :
of the thermocouple a) 0.75  b) 0.25 
d) is negative c) 0.95  d) 0.5 
83. The resistances in the two arms of the meter
78. A meter bridge is set-up as shown to determine
bridge are 5  and R , respectively. When the
an unknown resistance X using a standard 10 ohm
resistance R is shunted with an equal resistance,
resistor. The galvanometer shows null point when
the new balance point is at 1.6 1. The resistance
tapping-key is at 52 cm mark. The end-corrections
'R', is :
are 1 cm and 2 cm respectively for the ends A
and B. The determined value of X is :
a) 25  b) 10 
a) 10.2 ohm b) 10.6 ohm c) 15  d) 20 
c) 10.8 ohm d) 11.1 ohm 84. A current of 2 A flows through a 2  resistor
79. A wire of resistance 4  is stretched to twice its when connected across a battery. The same
original length. The resistance of stretched wire battery supplies a current of 0.5 A when
would be : connected across a 9  resistor. The internal
resistance of the battery is :
a) 8  b) 16 
c) 2  d) 4  1
a) 0.5  b) 
80. The internal resistance of a 2.1 V cell which gives 3
a current of 0.2 A through a resistance of 10  1
c)  d) 1 
is : 4
a) 0.8  b) 1.0  85. If power dissipated in the 9  resistor in the circuit
c) 0.2  d) 0.5  shown in 36 watt, the potential difference across
the 2  resistor is :
81. The resistances of the four arms P, Q, R and S in
a Wheatstone's bridge are 10 ohm, 30 ohm,
30 ohm and 90 ohm, respectively. The e.m.f. and
internal resistance of the cell are 7 volt and 5 ohm
respectively. If the galvanometer resistance is
50 ohm, the current drawn from the cell will be :
a) 0.1 A b) 2.0 A
c) 1.0 A d) 0.2 A
82. A potentiometer circuit has been set up for fmding a) 4 volt b) 8 volt
the internal resistance of a given cell. The main c) 10 volt d) 2 volt
battery, used across the potentiometer wire, has 86. A ring is made of a wire having a resistance
an emf of 2.0 V and a negligible internal R = 12 . Find the points A and B, as shown in
resistance. The potentiometer wire itself is 4 m the figure, at which a current carrying conductor
long. When the resistance, R, connected across should be connected so that the resistance R of
the given cell, has values of : the sub circuit between these points is equal to
i) infinity 8
.
ii) 9.5  3
90. Two ideal batteries of emf V1

and V2 and three resistances
R1, R2 & R3 are connected
as shown in the figure. The
current in resistance R 2
would be zero if :
a) V1 = V2 and R1 = R2 = R3
1 5 1 1 b) V1 = V2 and R1 = 2 R2 = R3
a)   8 b)   3
2 2 c) V1 = 2 V2 and 2 R1 = 2 R2 = R3
1 3 1 1 d) 2 V1 = V2 and 2 R1 = R2 = R3
c)   8 d)   2
2 2 91. During an experiment with a metre bridge, the
87. In the circuit shown the cells A and B have galvanometer shows a null point when the jockey
negligible resistances. For VA = 12 V, R1 = 500  is pressed at 40.0 cm using a standard resistance
and R = 100  the galvanometer (G) shows no of 90 , as shown in the figure. The least count
deflection. The value of VB is : of the scale used in the metre bridge is 1 mm.
The unknown resistance is :
a) 4 V b) 2 V
a) 60  0.15  b) 135  0.56 
c) 12 V d) 6 V
c) 60  0.25  d) 135  0.23 
88. A cell having an emf  and internal resistance r
is connected across a variable external resistance 92. Two batteries of different emfs and different
R. As the resistance R is increased, the plot of internal resistances are connected as shown. The
potential difference V across R is given by : voltage across AB in volts is :
a) b)
a) 2 b) 3
c) 4 d) 5
c) d)
93. The current i in a coil varies with time as shown
in the figure.
89. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by measuring
the current flowing in it and the voltage difference
applied across it. If the percentage errors in the
measurement of the current and the voltage
difference are 3% each, then error in the value
of resistance of the wire is :
a) 3 % b) 6 % The variation of induced emf with time would
c) zero d) 1 % be :
c) 100 W d) 25 W
97. The supply voltage to a room is 120 V. The
resistance of the lead wires is 6 . A 60 W bulb
a) is already switched on. What is the decrease of
voltage across the bulb, when a 240 W heater is
switched on in parallel to the bulb ?
a) 10.04 volt b) zero volt
c) 2.9 volt d) 13.3 volt
98. Two cities are 150 km apart. Electronic power is
b) sent from one city to another city through copper
wires. The fall of potential per km is 8 volt and
the average resistance per km is 0.5. The power
loss in the wire is :
a) 12.2 kW b) 19.2 W
c) 19.2 kW d) 19.2 J
c) 99. In a large building, there are 15 bulbs of 40 W,
5 bulbs of 100 W, 5 fans of 80 W and 1 heater of
1 kW. The voltage of the electric mains is 220 V.
The minimum capacity of the main fuse of the
building will be :
a) 8 A b) 10 A
d) c) 12 A d) 14 A
100. Heater of an electric kettle is made of a wire of
length L and diameter d. It takes 4 minutes to
94. If voltage across a bulb rated 220 volt 100 watt raise the temperature of 0.5 kg water by 40 K.
drops by 2.5% of its rated value, the percentage This heater is replaced by a new heater having
of the rated value by which the power would two wires of the same material, each of length L
decrease is : and diameter 2d. The way these wires are
a) 20 % b) 2.5 % connected is given in the options. How much time
in minutes will it take to raise the temperature of
c) 5 % d) 10 %
the same amount of water by 40 K ?
95. The power dissipated in the circuit shown in the
figure is 30 watt. The value of R is : a) 4 if wires are in parallel
b) 2 if wires are in series
c) 1 if wires are in series
d) 0.5 if wires are in parallel
101. Across a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross
section a constant potential difference is applied.
The quantity which remains constant along the
conductor is :
a) drift velocity b) electric field
a) 20  b) 15  c) current density d) current
c) 10  d) 30  102. A potentiometer wire has length 4 m & resistance
96. Two electric bulbs marked 25 W – 22 V & 100 W 8 . The resistance that must be connected in
–220 V are connected in series to a 440 V supply. series with the wire and an accumulator of e.m.f.
Which of the bulbs will fuse ? 2 V, so as to get a potential gradient 1 mV per
a) neither b) both cm on the wire is :
a) 44  b) 48  1   2 12
c) 32  d) 40  a) 12 b)   
1 2
103. A resistance' R' draws power 'P' when connected
212 1   2
to an AC source. If an inductance is now placed c)    d) 2 
in series with the resistance, such that the 1 2 1 2
impedance of the circuit becomes 'Z', the power 108. A circuit contains an ammeter, a battery of 30 V
drawn will be : and a resistance 40.8 ohm all connected in series.
If the ammeter has a coil of resistance 480 ohm
R and a shunt of 20 ohm, the reading in the ammeter
a) P   b) P
Z will be :
2 a) 2 A b) 1 A
R R
c) P   d) P c) 0.5 A d) 0.25 A
Z Z
109. In the given figure, a diode D is connected to ar
104. A, B and C are voltmeters of resistance R, 1.5 R external resistance R = 100  and an e.m.f. of
and 3 R respectively as shown in the figure. When 0.5 V. If the barrier potential developed across
some potential difference is applied between X the diode is 0.5 V, the current in the circuit will
and Y, the voltmeter readings are VA, VB and VC be :
respectively. Then :
a) VA = VB  VC b) VA  VB  VC
c) VA = VB = VC d) VA  VB = VC a) 20 mA b) 35 mA
105. When 5 V potential difference is applied across c) 30 mA d) 40 mA
a wire of length 0.1 m, the drift speed of electrons 110. A potentiometer wire of length L and a resistance
is 2.5  10–4 ms–1. If the electron density in the r are connected in series with a battery of e.m.f.
wire is 8  1028 m–3, the resistivity of the material E0 and a resistance r1. An unknown e.m.f. E is
is close to : balanced at a length  of the potentiometer wire.
a) 1.6  10–6  m b) 1.6  10–5  m The e.m.f. E will be given by :
c) 1.6  10–8  m d) 1.6  10–7  m
E0 LE 0 r
106. In the circuit shown, the current in the 1  resistor a) b) (r  r )
L 1
is :
LE 0 r E0 r 
c)  r d) (r  r )  L
1 1

a) 0.13 A, from Q to P
b) 0.13 A, from P to Q
c) 0.3 A, from P to Q
d) 0 A
107. Two metal wires of identical dimensions are
connected in series. If  1 and  2 are the
conductivities of the metal wires respectively, the
effective conductivity of the combination is :
DGT GROUP TUITIONS [MHT - CET] PHYSICS
Brain Teasers a) 3, 4 b) 4, 12
1. A battery of 6 V and internal resistance 2  sends c) 12, 16 d) 16, 3
a current of 1 A through a load. If two such 8. A certain wire of length  and diameter D is to
batteries are connected in series across the same be reshaped into another wire so as to have
load, the current through the load will be : minimum resistance. Which of the following
combinations will yield it ?
a) 1.20 A b) 1.50 A
c) 2.00 A d) none of these D
a)  '  2, D ' 
2. In the above question, what will be the current 2
through the load when the two batteries are 
connected in parallel to each other across the b)  '  , D '  2D
2
same load ?
a) 1.20 A b) 1.50 A D 
c)  '  4, D'  d)  '  , D'  2D
c) 2.00 A d) none of these 2 4
3. The potential gradient along the length of uniform 9. A wire is stretched so as to change its diameter
wire is 10 Vm–1. The length of the wire is 1 m, by 0.5%. What is the change in resistance ?
What is the potential difference across two points a) 0.5 % b) 1.0 %
on the wire separated by 25 cm ? c) 2.0 % d) 4.0 %
a) 2.5 V b) 5.0 V 10. The masses of three wires of copper are in the
c) 7.5 V d) none of the above ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and their lengths are in the ratio
3 : 2 : 1. The ratio of their resistances is :
4. A 4 m long wire of resistance 8  is connected
in series with a battery of emf 2 V and a resistor a) 1 : 6 : 27 b) 27 : 6 : 1
of 7 . The internal resistance of the battery is c) 1 : 2 : 3 d) 3 : 2 : 1
1 . What is the potential gradient along the 11. Two resistors are connected (a) in series (b) in
wire ? parallels. The equivalent resistance in the two
a) 0.25 Vm–1 b) 0.50 Vm–1 cases are 9 ohms and 2 ohms respectively. Then
c) 0.75 Vm–1 d) 1.00 Vm–1 the resistances of the component resistors are :
5. Three equal resistors each of resistance R are a) 2 ohm and 9 ohm
connected so as to form a triangle. The equivalent b) 3 ohm and 6 ohm
resistance across any two corners is : c) 3 ohm and 9 ohm
2R R d) 2 ohm and 6 ohm
a) b) 12. An electrical cable of copper has just one wire
3 3
of radius 9 mm. Its resistances is 5 ohm. The
3R single copper wire of the cable is replaced by 6
c) d) 3 R
2 different well insulated copper wires each of
radius 3 mm. The total resistance of the cable
6. To get maximum current through a resistance of
will now be equal to :
2.5 , one can use m rows of cells each row
having n cells. The internal resistance of each a) 7.5 ohm b) 45 ohm
cell is 0.5 . What are the values of n and m if c) 90 ohm d) 270 ohm
the total number of cells is 45 ? 13. An electric motor runs on a D.C. source of e.m.f.
a) m = 3, n = 15 b) m = 5, n = 9 220 V and internal resistance 11 . Then the
c) m = 9, n = 5 d) m = 15, n = 3 power output of the source is maximum when
the current drawn by the motor is :
7. We have two resistors R1 and R2. By using them
singly in series and parallel combination we can [Assume the resistance of armature zero]
obtain four resistances of 3, 4, 12 and 16 ohms. a) 20 A b) 10 A
The R1 and R2 are : c) 5 A d) 0
14. An electric motor runs on a D.C. source of e.m.f. 21. A copper wire of length  and radius r is nickle
100 volt and draws a current of 5 ampere. If the plated till its final radius is R. If the specific
efficiency is 25%, then the resistance of the resistance of copper and nickIe be c and n,
armature is : then the conductance of the wire will now be :
a) 5 ohm b) 10 ohm
  rR    rR 
c) 20 ohm d) 40 ohm a)       b)      
 c n   c n 
15. The armature of a D.C. motor has 20  resistance.
It draws a current of 2.5 ampere when run by   r2 R 2  r2    r2 R 2  r2 
220 volts D.C. supply. The value of back e.m.f, c)       d)      
induced in it will be :  c n   c n 
a) 150 V b) 160 V 22. A wire of resistance 1 ohm/metre is bent in the
c) 170 V d) 180 V form of a circle of radius 50 cm, The same wire
is connected along the diameter. What is the
16. A Daniel cell has an internal resistance of 1.2
resistance across the ends of the wire connected
ohm. The ratio of amounts of heat produced in
along the diameter ?
the cell for each gram of zinc consumed in the
short circuit to that when external resistance a)   b) (  4) 
1.2  is connected in the circuit is :
  4   
 
a) 2.00 b) 1.00 c)  d) 
c) 0.50 d) 0.25      4
17. Masses of the three wires are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5. 23. What will be the resistance of a semicircle
Their lengths are in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1. The ratio of shown in the following figure between its two
their electrical resistance is : end faces ? Given that radial thickness = 3 cm,
a) 1 : 3 : 5 b) 5 : 3 : 1 axial thickness = 4 cm, inner radius = 6 cm and
c) 1 : 15 : 125 d) 125 : 15 : 1 specific resistance = 4  10–6 ohm  cm.
18. The resistance of a wire is 10 . It is stretched
so as to reduce its diameter to half. The resistance
of the wire will now be :
a) 40  b) 80 
c) 160  d) 320 
19. Two resistances when connected in parallel across
a cell of negligible internal resistance consume
4 times the power they would consume when
connected in series. If one resistance is 10, the a) 7.85  10–5 ohm b) 7.85  10–6 ohm
other is : c) 24.15  10–6 ohm d) 31.4  10–6 ohm
a) 10  b) 5  24. A uniform wire of resistance 20 ohm having
c) 2.5  d) 1  resistance 1 /m is bent in form of a circle as
20. A resistor is made of truncated right circular cone. shown in the figure 24.1. If the equivalent
The end radii are r1 and r2, where r2 > r1 and the resistance between M and N is 1.80 then the
altitude of the cone is . Assuming that the tapering length of the shorter section is :
is small, then the resistance of the conical wire
will be :
  1 1   4 
a)  2  2 b)  2 
  r1 r2    (r1  r2 ) 
  1    4 
c)   d)  
  r1r2    r1 r2 
Fig. 24.1
a) 2 m b) 5 m
E E
c) 1.8 m d) 18 m a) , respectively
r r
25. A uniform wire of resistance 36 ohm is bent in
form of a circle (Fig. 25.1). The effective resistance E E
b) , respectively
across the points M and N is : r R
E
c) , 0 respectively
R
E
d) , 0 respectively
r
Fig. 25.1 28. The figure 28.1 below shows a wheatstone bridge
a) 2.75  b) 3  circuit. Which of the following correctly shows
the currents i1, i2 and i3 in the correct decreasing
c) 33  d) 36 
order of magnitude ?
26. The resistance across M and N in the given figure
26.1 is :
Fig. 26.1
Fig. 28.1
r r a) i1, i2, i3 b) i2, i3, i1
a) b)
2 3 c) i2, i1, i3 d) i3, i2, i1
c) 6 r d) 2 r 29. In the following circuit, what is the reading of the
27. n cells each of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r voltmeter ?
are connected as shown in the figure 27.1. What
will be respective values of current through the
cells and the resistor connected across M and
N? Assuming resistor R is so connected that it
divides the circuit into x and n – x cells.
Fig. 29.1
a) 5 V b) 10 V
c) 15 V d) 16.5 V
30. In the above question, if the reading of voltmeter
is 10 V, then resistance of the voltmeter is :
a) 50  b) 100 
c) 200  d) 300 
31. What is the resistance between A and B in the
Fig. 27.1 fig. 31.1 :
3 5
a)  b) 
2 3
7 8
c)  d) 
5 7
35. What is the equivalent resistance between any
two comers of the triangle circuit shown below
(fig. 35.1) ? Each resistance is of 1 .
Fig. 31.1
R
a) b) R
2
c) 2 R d) 3 R
32. Which of the following gives the current in the
circuit shown in fig. 32.1 ?
Fig. 35.1
1
a)  b) 1 
2
3
c)  d) 2 
2
Fig. 32.1 36. Calculate the resistance between P and Q in the
a) 0.4 A from a to d b) 0.4 A from b to c following net work (fig. 36.1). Each resistance is
c) 1 A from a to d d) 1 A from b to c 3 .
33. What is the resistance between P and Q of the
following circuit fig. 33.1 ? Each resistance is of
1 .
Fig. 33.1
a) 1  b) 2  Fig. 36.1
c) 3  d) none of these a) 6  b) 4 
34. What is the resistance between P and Q of the c) 3  d) 2 
following circuit (fig, 34.1)? Each resistance is 37. What is resistance between P & Q in the following
of 1 . net work (fig. 37.1). Each resistance is 8 .
Fig. 34.1 Fig. 37.1

a) 24  b) 16  a) 8  b) 6 
c) 8  d) 4  c) 5  d) 4 
38. Calculate the resistance between P and Q in the 42. Figure 42.1 below shows a network of resistances.
following net work (fig. 38.1). Each resistance is The equivalent resistance between P and Q is
15 . nearest to :
Fig. 42.1
Fig. 38.1 a) 90 ohm
a) 4  b) 8  b) 20 ohm
c) 15  d) 30  c) 15 ohm
39. What is the resistance between P and Q in the d) 12 ohm
following net work (Fig. 39.1) ? Each resistance 43. In the circuit shown in figure 70.1, the ammeter
is 3 . reads I0, when K1 is open and K2 is closed or K2
is closed and K1 is open. Assume that the ammeter
resistance is much smaller as compared to R2.
When both K1 and K2 are closed, the reading is
2 I0. What is the value of r and R1 in ohms ?
Fig. 39.1
a) 9  b) 6 
c) 3  d) 2 
40. What is resistance between P and Q in the
following infinite ladder net work of resistances Fig. 43.1
see fig. 40.1 ? a) 0, 50
b) 50, 100
c) 100, 50
d) 0, 100
Fig. 40.1 44. In the potentiometer circuit here V and R are set
to give a potential gradient 10 mV/cm on the wire
a)  b) 4 
MN. If R' = 2.000 ohm, and the null point
c) 3  d) 2  MP = 82.8 cm, the current through R' is :
41. Find the resistance between P and Q in the
following combination of resistances see fig. 41.1.
Fig. 44.1
a) 0.414 A b) 0.828 A
Fig. 41.1 c) 1.656 A d) 0.207 A
45. The current i in the circuit of figure 45.1, is : 48. What is the equivalent resistance across the points
A and B in the circuit given below ?
Fig. 45.1
1 1 Fig. 48.1
a) A b) A a) 80  b) 120 
45 15
c) 160  d) 320 
1 1 49. Nine wires each of resistance 3  are connected
c) A d) A
10 5 as shown below. If a cell of emf 3 V and negligible
46. What is the potential difference between P and internal resistance is connected across one of the
Q in the circuit shown in fig. 46.1 ? wires, the current drawn from the cell will be
approximately :
Fig. 46.1
a) 15 V b) 10 V
Fig. 49.1
c) 5 V d) 2.5 V a) 1 A b) 1.5 A
47. In the circuit given below what is the current in c) 2 A d) 2.5 A
the 2  resistor ?
50. The resistance of the circuit shown in the figure
will be :
Fig. 47.1 Fig. 50.1

a) 2 A b) 4 A a) 5 r b) r
c) 6 A d) 8 A c) 4 r d) 2 r
51. In the figure 51.1, a current 1.4 A flows towards

the bridge circuit. The current in the 2 ohm resistor
is :
Fig. 51.1
a) 1.4 A b) 1.2 A
c) 1.0 A d) 0.6 A

Answer Key
MH Text Book Based MCQ's
01. (c) 26. (c) 51. (d) 76. (c) 101. (d) 126. (d) 151. (d)
02. (d) 27. (b) 52. (a) 77. (d) 102. (c) 127. (c) 152. (c)
03. (d) 28. (d) 53. (a) 78. (a) 103. (d) 128. (a) 153. (b)
04. (b) 29. (c) 54. (b) 79. (c) 104. (b) 129. (b) 154. (b)
05. (a) 30. (d) 55. (c) 80. (c) 105. (a) 130. (a) 155. (a)
06. (d) 31. (d) 56. (d) 81. (c) 106. (d) 131. (d) 156. (a)
07. (c) 32. (b) 57. (b) 82. (d) 107. (d) 132. (c) 157. (a)
08. (c) 33. (d) 58. (a) 83. (a) 108. (b) 133. (c) 158. (d)
09. (a) 34. (b) 59. (d) 84. (c) 109. (d) 134. (d) 159. (c)
10. (d) 35. (c) 60. (a) 85. (b) 110. (a) 135. (b) 160. (b)
11. (b) 36. (a) 61. (d) 86. (c) 111. (b) 136. (d) 161. (a)
12. (c) 37. (c) 62. (b) 87. (d) 112. (b) 137. (c) 162. (a)
13. (a) 38. (a) 63. (b) 88. (b) 113. (d) 138. (d) 163. (c)
14. (a) 39. (d) 64. (c) 89. (a) 114. (c) 139. (a) 164. (b)
15. (b) 40. (c) 65. (b) 90. (a) 115. (c) 140. (a) 165. (b)
16. (d) 41. (d) 66. (c) 91. (a) 116. (b) 141. (b) 166. (c)
17. (d) 42. (b) 67. (c) 92. (b) 117. (b) 142. (d) 167. (d)
18. (b) 43. (c) 68. (a) 93. (a) 118. (b) 143. (c) 168. (c)
19. (d) 44. (b) 69. (b) 94. (b) 119. (d) 144. (b) 169. (a)
20. (c) 45. (d) 70. (d) 95. (d) 120. (c) 145. (c) 170. (b)
21. (c) 46. (b) 71. (b) 96. (a) 121. (b) 146. (d) 171. (a)
22. (d) 47. (d) 72. (b) 97. (b) 122. (a) 147. (a) 172. (a)
23. (d) 48. (b) 73. (c) 98. (b) 123. (c) 148. (d) 173. (b)
24. (b) 49. (b) 74. (a) 99. (a) 124. (b) 149. (c) 174. (b)
25. (a) 50. (c) 75. (c) 100. (d) 125. (c) 150. (c) 175. (a)
DINESH [MHT - CET] PHYSICS
Answer Key
MH Text Book Based MCQ's
176. (d) 185. (c) 194. (d) 203. (a) 211. (a) 219. (d) 227. (c)
177. (c) 186. (c) 195. (b) 204. (b) 212. (c) 220. (c) 228. (a)
178. (b) 187. (d) 196. (d) 205. (a) 213. (b) 221. (d) 229. (a)
179. (d) 188. (a) 197. (b) 206. (d) 214. (d) 222. (a) 230. (a)
180. (b) 189. (a) 198. (b) 207. (b) 215. (a) 223. (b) 231. (b)
181. (d) 190. (c) 199. (d) 208. (b) 216. (b) 224. (c) 232. (d)
182. (b) 191. (d) 200. (b) 209. (c) 217. (c) 225. (c) 233. (b)
183. (c) 192. (a) 201. (d) 210. (c) 218. (c) 226. (c) 234. (d)
184. (a) 193. (b) 202. (d)
REVISION QUESTIONS from Competitive Exams.

01. (d) 17. (d) 33. (a) 49. (b) 65. (a) 81. (d) 97. (a)
02. (d) 18. (b) 34. (a) 50. (d) 66. (d) 82. (d) 98. (c)
03. (d) 19. (d) 35. (b) 51. (d) 67. (c) 83. (c) 99. (c)
04. (c) 20. (c) 36. (c) 52. (d) 68. (b) 84. (b) 100. (b,d)
05. (a) 21. (d) 37. (d) 53. (d) 69. (d) 85. (c) 101. (d)
06. (c) 22. (b) 38. (d) 54. (b) 70. (b) 86. (d) 102. (c)
07. (b) 23. (b) 39. (b) 55. (c) 71. (c) 87. (b) 103. (c)
08. (c) 24. (d) 40. (b) 56. (d) 72. (c) 88. (c) 104. (c)
09. (a) 25. (b) 41. (c) 57. (b) 73. (c) 89. (b) 105. (b)
10. (c) 26. (c) 42. (d) 58. (a) 74. (d) 90. (a,b,d) 106. (a)
11. (d) 27. (c) 43. (b) 59. (a) 75. (a) 91. (c) 107. (c)
12. (a) 28. (a) 44. (a) 60. (d) 76. (c) 92. (d) 108. (c)
13. (c) 29. (d) 45. (c) 61. (c) 77. (b) 93. (a) 109. (c)
14. (b) 30. (c) 46. (d) 62. (a) 78. (b) 94. (c) 110. (d)
15. (c) 31. (c) 47. (a) 63. (a) 79. (b) 95. (c)
16. (c) 32. (b) 48. (d) 64. (c) 80. (d) 96. (d)
BRAIN TEASERS
01. (b) 09. (c) 17. (d) 25. (a) 33. (d) 41. (a) 49. (b)
02. (a) 10. (b) 18. (c) 26. (b) 34. (d) 42. (b) 50. (a)
03. (a) 11. (b) 19. (a) 27. (d) 35. (a) 43. (a) 51. (c)
04. (a) 12. (a) 20. (c) 28. (c) 36. (d) 44. (b)
05. (a) 13. (b) 21. (c) 29. (c) 37. (c) 45. (c)
06. (a) 14. (b) 22. (d) 30. (b) 38. (b) 46. (c)
07. (b) 15. (c) 23. (b) 31. (c) 39. (d) 47. (c)
08. (d) 16. (a) 24. (a) 32. (b) 40. (d) 48. (a)
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DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1

3. Electromotive force (emf) 6. Current density

DGT GROUP TUITIONS (FEED CONCEPTS) [MHT - CET] PHYSICS

7. Conductors, semiconductors and insulators e) The resistance of a conductor is equal to