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BSW and WLR Effect

Agenda
n BSW and WLR What is it?
n Study BSW and WLR with

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– Black Oil
– Volatile Oil
– Condensate
n Conclusion
BSW and WLR are not the same and the effect?

n BSW is a measurement at ambient conditions when the fluid contains

no more gas (flashed)

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n WLR is the measurement of the ratio of water and liquid but at line
conditions
n Watercut Measurement (Xw) is the ratio of Water over the entire fluid
(gas and liquid) and is also the Water Fraction at line conditions
n Therefore fundamentally both measurements are different but related
via the fluid properties
n The Vx software does not give the possibility to enter the BSW but only
the WLR.
– This leads to some errors in the calculation of the Oil and Water flow rates
at standard and line conditions.
 WLR versus BSW

n It is easy to demonstrate that the WLR can be expressed as

a function of the BSW (assuming no sediment) based on the

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definition:
VW , LC VW , SC VW , LC
WLR = BSW = Xw =
VW , LC + VO , LC VW , SC + VO , SC VG , LC + VW , LC + VO , LC

n The final expression can be expressed as:

BSW
WLR =
bw bw
fn(rgmp ; GVF ; Rst ) + BSW .(1 − fn(rgmp ; Rwst ; Rst ))
bO bO
WLR dependency

n The WLR is therefore dependant of several parameters

which are assumed for this study to be close to:

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Black Oil Volatile Condensate
bo (m3/m3) 0.857 0.75 0.85

bw (m3/m3) 1 1 1

rgmp (m3/m3) 0 0 0.00002

Rst (m3/m3) 500 2125 7500

Rwst (m3/m3) 0 0 0
Black Oil: WLR versus GVF and BSW
WLR versus BSW & GVF

0.9

1
0.8

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0.95
0.9
0.85
0.7 0.8
0.75
0.7
0.6 0.65
0.6
0.55
GVF

0.5 0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.4 0.3
0.25
0.2
0.3 0.15
0.1
0.05
0.2 0
-0.05

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Black Oil: Absolute Error WLR – BSW versus
(GVF, BSW) Absolute Error WLR -BSW

0.9

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0.8 0.025
0.02

0.7 0.015
0.01
0.005
0.6
0
-0.005
GVF

0.5 -0.01
-0.015
-0.02
0.4
-0.025
-0.03
0.3 -0.035
-0.04

0.2 -0.045
-0.05

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Summary Black Oil

n No dependence versus GVF because rgmp = 0

n Using the BSW as WLR lead to a systematic over prediction

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of the WLR and therefore the Water Flow rate or under
prediction of the oil flow rate
n The WLR maximum error is at WLR ~ 50% and in the range
of 3.5 - 4.0%
n In water or oil phase continuous (BSW > 70% or < 30%) the
error is in the range of 0 – 3%
Volatile Oil: WLR versus GVF and BSW
WLR versus BSW - Volatile -

0.9

1
0.95

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0.8
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.7 0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6 0.6
0.55
0.5
GVF

0.5 0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.3 0.1
0.05
0
0.2 -0.05

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Volatile Oil: Absolute Error WLR – BSW versus
(GVF, BSW) Absolute Error WLR-BSW -Volatile Oil-

0.9

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0.8 0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.7 0.005
0
-0.005
-0.01
0.6
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
GVF

0.5 -0.03
-0.035
-0.04
-0.045
0.4 -0.05
-0.055
-0.06
0.3 -0.07
-0.08
-0.09
-0.1
0.2 -0.12
-0.14

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Summary Volatile Oil

n No dependence versus GVF because rgmp = 0

n Using the BSW as WLR lead to a systematic over prediction

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of the WLR and therefore the Water Flow rate or under
prediction of the oil flow rate
n The WLR maximum error is at WLR ~ 50% and in the range
of 6.0 – 7.5%
n In water or oil phase continuous (BSW > 70% or < 30%) the
error is in the range of 0 – 5%
Condensate Oil: WLR versus GVF and BSW
Condensate BSW-WLR

0.9

0.8 1

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0.95
0.9
0.85
0.7
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.6 0.65
0.6
0.55
GVF

0.5 0.5
0.45
0.4
0.4 0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.3 0.15
0.1
0.05
0.2 0
-0.05

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Condensate Oil: Absolute Error WLR – BSW
versus (GVF, BSW) Error BSW-WLR -Condensate-

0.9

0.025

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0.8 0.02
0.015
0.01
0.7 0.005
0
-0.005
-0.01
0.6 -0.015
-0.02
-0.025
GVF

-0.03
0.5
-0.035
-0.04
-0.045
0.4 -0.05
-0.055
-0.06
-0.07
0.3 -0.08
-0.09
-0.1
0.2 -0.12
-0.14

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Condensate Oil: Absolute Error WLR – BSW
versus (GVF, BSW)
Error BSW-WLR -Condensate-

0.025

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0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0.95 0
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
GVF

-0.03
0.9
-0.035
-0.04
-0.045
-0.05
-0.055
-0.06
0.85 -0.07
-0.08
-0.09
-0.1
-0.12
-0.14
0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
BSW
Condensate Oil: Absolute Error WLR – BSW
versus (GVF, BSW)
Error BSW-WLR -Condensate-

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0.025
0.02
0.99 0.015
0.01
0.005
0
-0.005
0.98 -0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
GVF

-0.03
0.97
-0.035
-0.04
-0.045
-0.05
0.96 -0.055
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.09
0.95 -0.1
-0.12
-0.14

0.94
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
BSW
Summary Condensate

n No dependence versus GVF up to 95% GVF

n Using the BSW as WLR lead to a systematic over prediction

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of the WLR and therefore the Water Flow rate or under
prediction of the oil flow rate
n The WLR maximum error is at WLR ~ 50% and in the range
of 6.0 – 8.5%
n In water or oil phase continuous (BSW > 70% or < 30%) the
error is in the range of 0 – 5%
General Conclusion

n Using BSW input as WLR value lead to a systematic over

estimation of the WLR and therefore an overestimation of the

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Water Flow rate or underestimation of the oil flow rate
n The WLR maximum error is at WLR ~ 50% and the error
associated to this wrong input is larger than the WLR
specification (between 3.5 to 8.5% following the fluid)
n WLR measurement is a difficult measurement to get in the
field and it is strongly recommended to get an option to
introduction either the WLR or the BSW.
Additional information

n The BSW can be expressed versus WLR:

bw

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fn( rgmp ; GVF ; Rst )
bO
BSW = WLR
bw
1 − WLR fn( rgmp ; Rwst ; Rst )
bO

n If rgmp = 0 then
BSW
WLR =
bw bw
+ BSW .(1 − )
bO bO