MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA PENGKALAN HULU , PERAK

THE APPLICATION OF LIGHT

NAME: NUREEN QAMARYNA BINTI AHMAD KHUSAINI

CLASS: 406 (2010)

COLLEGE NUMBER:10709

I/C NUMBER: 941229-08-6434

Introduction

Light is important to human nature. It enables us to see things clearly.

Light also helps us in every fields of work. Scientist needs microscope to determine the

microorganism. They also used the telescope to determine planet and also stars up there.

As a photographer, they would need a camera to capture things.

So the application of lights can be seen in these objects .

THE APPLICATION OF LIGHT

i) Microscope

- A microscope is an instrument used to view very

small objects.

- For example: animal cells, plant cells

- Consist of two convex lenses of high power

• The lens nearer the object is called the objective lens

• the lens nearer the eye is called the eyepiece

- objective lens has a higher power as it has shorter focal length compared to the
eyepiece

• An object is placed at a distance that is slightly further than the principal focus of
the objective lens, between f0 and 2f0

• The first image,I1 formed by the objective lens is real, inverted, and magnified.

• The first image becomes the object for the eyepiece

• The eyepiece functions as a magnifying lens.

 • The eyepiece is adjusted so that the image, I1 is positioned at a distance less than
fe and hence the eyepiece which acts as a magnifying lens further enlarges the
image I1

• The final image, I2 is virtual, inverted with respect to the object, and much larger
than the object.

• The total distance between the object lens and the eyepiece is greater than (f0+fe).

• The increase in the size of the visual angle causes the image to be larger than the
object.

• The eyepiece is normally adjusted so that the final image is at the near point
(about 25cm) from the observer’s eye for a clearer view

ii) Telescope

-an optical instrument that is used to view objects at a great distance such as planets and
stars

- Consists of two convex lenses

- The objective lens whose power is low has a long focal length,f0

- The eyepiece whose power is high has a short focal length, fe. Therefore, f0>fe

- The distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece is (f0+fe)

• The principsl focus of the objective lens,F0 is coincident with the principal
focus of the eyepiece, Fe. Both lenses have the same focal plane

- Parallel rays of light from the distant object converge at the focal plane of the
objective lens to form the first image, I1 which is real , inverted and diminished

- The first image, I1 becomes the object for the eyepiece

- The first image, I1 is at the focal plane of the eyepiece and hence the final
image ,I2 is virtual, inverted and magnified with respect to the original object

- The final image is formed at infinity

iii) Camera

- Main components of a camera:

• Convex lens

• Film

• Shutter

• Diaphragm

- Convex lens used to form an image which is real , inverted and diminished in size
on the film and in this respect, the object distance is more than twice the focal
length of the camera lens

- Focusing of the image on the film is done by adjusting the focusing ring

- For the objects which are far, the film must be located at the principal focus,F of
the lens, in order to obtain a clear photo
- For the objects which are near, the image distance is greater than f. the focusing
ring is adjusted to move the lens away from the film to produce a sharp imge on
the film

- Light sensitive film is contained in a light- tight compartment at the back of the
camera

- When the button is pressed, the shutter opens to allow light from the object to
pass through the lens of the film

- The amount of light passing through the lens is controlled by the time of
exposure.

- For moving objects, a short exposure time is required

- The diaphragm controls the diameter of the aperture which also determines the
amount of light passing through the lens
 COMPARISON BETWEEN A TELESCOPE AND A MICROSCOPE

Similarities

- Consists of two convex lenses

- The first image is real , inverted and acts as the object for the
eyepiece

- The eyepiece acts as a magnifying lens

- The final image is virtual, inverted and magnified

Telescope Aspects Microscope

A low powered convex lens Type of lens Two high powered convex
and a high powered convex lens
lens

Fo>fe Focal length Fo<fe

First image is diminished First image First image is magnified

At infinity Position of final image At the near point of the
observer’s eye

Equal to fo+fe Distance between lenses Greater than f0+fe

Ciliary muscle is at ease and Condition of the eye when Ciliary muscle is contracted.
the eye is relaxed using the instrument
Eye is strained

Conclusion

Light is very important to human nature. Human depends on light to do work and also seeing
things and the beauty of nature.

The application of light helps human to create instruments. For example, microscopes enable
human to see tiny things while telescopes enable human to see distant objects. Cameras enable
human to capture things to be remember

So, light is very important to everyone of us.