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Absfracl - Low-shortsircuit-capacity electric systems may and the magnetic saturation of the stator leakage reactance,
present considerable distortion in the voltage waveform when during motor start-up.
supplying nonlinear loads. Three-phase induction motors when The following items are analyzed:
connected to such a system may suller additional requirements Rotor bar skin effect modeling;
~
di=do-ki.n2.f.
I 0 8 . d ~ (1)
where al is the leakage flux up to the depth xb, and nz is the
X?(h)(n) = X Z O ' q [ JT
=X'] (13)
@t=k,.
I di.drb
shown in [2];
B. R2(n) andX,(n) From the Catalogue Data The magnetization branch of the motor equivalent circuit
during start-up can be neglected due to its high reactance.
As presented in [3]: Fig. 2 shows the circuit used for current calculation, where
R 2 ( 4 = R 2 0 .exp(K, ' m) (6) Vh is the supply voltage.
653
Th) = ' [ ' 2 ( h ) 'sin(s,
@N y h ) / ( h' Q)]' (23)
W.RESULTS
A squirrel-cage induction motor with 90 kW, 4poles,
(15)
where: 1780 rimin, 440 V, 60 Hz, q N = 91.8 %, PFN= 0.87;
Tk = 2.5 pu; Tp = 2.2 pu; I, = 7.3 pu was supplied by non-
sinusoidal voltage. The voltage total harmonic distortion
(VTHD) is 13.5 % with 256.34 rms volt per phase. The rms
phase voltage and the degrees displacement angle for each
CALCULATION
V. TORQUE harmonic component are shown in Table 1.
The torque developed by the motor is calculated by the
interaction between the magnetomotive forces (MMF) TABLEI
HARMONICVOLTAGESPECTRUM
produced by the stator ( F , )and the rotor (F2):
I k I l l 5 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 1 9 1
F = F, x F 2 (17) Vch,ol) 251.26 12.01 12.00 11.99 11.98 11.97 11.96
Fig. 3 shows the magnetovotive forces diagram and the qh, -2.699' 79.62" -1W.I' 80.19' -95.73" 80.36" -99.61"
V I I080
(4 @)
I
In the same way, the harmonic torque produced by stator
harmonic fluxes and rotor harmonic currents can be obtained
by (23).
654
Fig. 6 and 7 show the rotor resistance and reactance Fig. 9 shows the rotor fundamental component current
variations for harmonic components, respectively. magnitude variation as a function of the speed and Fig. 10
4,0 , ~ ~~ ~~~~ j shows the harmonic current magnitude variation.
~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
3.0
3,5 P
- - so
0.0 -
x
4
I
+ : : : : : : : : ,
5
, .
+7
3
X
.
x
I
.
Speed@)
1
,
,
+I3
a
.
s
I
.
"
.
'
+I7
-
,
;7
2
,
4 1
-
9
9
Fig.9. Rotor current variation due to fundamental component.
b
0,125
I
0,120
0,115
G 0,110 1
0.30
- 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
s p d @U)
Fig. 11. Torque produced by the interaction between the fundamental flux
and the fuodamental cmmt.
,
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Fig. 12 shows the harmonic torque resulting from the
speed @U) interaction between the stator fundamental flux and the rotor
Fig.8. Stator leakage reactance variation. harmonic currents.
655
8
-2
-150' ' . . I 4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 0.1 02 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0
s p d @U) S P d @")
Fig. 12. pulsating torque produced by the interaction between the Fig. 15. Torque produced by the interaction between harmonic fluxes and
fundamental flux and harmonic cwmts. harmonic c m t s of different orders.
I
1
01 ' ' I
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 09 1.0
S P d @U)
Fig. 16. Resulting harmonic torque.
-
0~ -
J
bo0 , 0 0 5 00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
speed @U) Speed @U)
Fig. 14. Torque produced by the interaction between harmonic fluxes and Fig. 17. Resulting harmonic torque with 5* and 7* harmonic voltages
harmonic currene of same orders. filtered
656
1300 -Was presented the possibility to conduct analysis based
only on ordinary data available in the manufacturer's
catalogue.
WII. REFERENCES
[I] 1. P. G. de Abreu, I. S . de SA, C. C. MO, Harmonic Voltage Distortion
in Isolated Electric Systems, h c . 7th Intmtianal Conference "Electri-
800 cal Power Quality and Utilisation", Cracow, PL, September 2003,469-
412.
100 I. S . de S i , Cootribniplo i M l i s e do Comportamento T h i c o de
0.2 0.202 0.204 0.206 0.208 121
Motores de Indupb Trifisicos com Rotor do Tipo Gaiola, PhD Thesis,
S P d @U) Unicamp, 1989.
Fig. 18. Zoomed in resulting harmonic torque. [3] J. S. de SA, Su-sBo Em Tempo Real de Motores de Indupso Trif&i-
COS de Grande Parte, h a l s of the U( Can5eso de Ingcniaria Electrica,
1300 Aria, Chile, October 1991.
1 [4] E. Ruppea Filho, H. Arango, J. S . de SA, Analysis of Squirrel Cage
,200t 1 Induction Motor Rotor B m T h erm al Behavior, Prffi. International
Conference on Electrical Machinhes, Massachusets, August 1990, 245-
250.
[SI F. K i i m e l , Ele!&schc Anuiebstechnik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1971.
M.BIOGRAPHIES
700' I 77J. Potifama G. de Abreu was bom on Madeira Is- . ~~
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