Nand Foundation Academy, Shegaon.

9834274427
MH-CET CELL
Biology
Total Questions : 40 Total Marks : 40
Roll No.
24-Mar-2020
XII - A Div 10:00 AM To 12:00 PM
This is to certify that, the entry of Roll No. has been correctly written and verified.

Candidate’s Signature MH-CET Biology Invigilator’s Signature

Note :
i) All Questions are compulsory
ii) Darken ( ) the appropriate circle(#) of the most correct option/response with black ball point pen.

Excretion and Osmoregulation

1) Excretory product of mammals is

A) Ultrafiltered in the glomerulus
A) Urea B) Uric acid
B) Excreted by the nephrons
C) Ammonia D) All
C) Secreted actively
2) Glomerular filtrate rate per day is
D) Reabsorbed actively
A) 150 L B) 190 L C) 170 L D) 180 L
6) All of the following animals are ureotelic
3) Which of the following excretes nitrogenous EXCEPT
waste in the form of uric acid?
A) frog B) snake C) turtle D) toad
A) Lizards and birds
7) Uric acid is formed in human from
B) Molluscs and mammals
A) Purines B) Proteins
C) Frogs and cartilaginous fishes
C) Glucose D) Pyrimidines
D) Insects and bony fishes 8) Releasing of urine becomes voluntary when it
is in :
4) The yellow colour of urine is due to the
presence of
A) Pelvis B) Ureter
A) urea B) uric acid
C) Urethra D) Urinary bladder
C) urochrome D) bilirubin 9) The process of urea formation from excess of
amino acids and bile pigments formation from
5) High threshold substances are the substances
haemoglobin of degrading RBCs occur in :
which can be:
 A) Urea in liver and bile pigments in kidneys A) loop of Henle

B) Urea in kidneys and bile pigments in B) collecting duct

pancreas
C) proximal convoluted tubule
C) Urea in kidneys and bile pigments in liver
D) distal convoluted tubule
D) Liver
17) Which of the following pair of organisms are
10) Excretion in Amoeba occurs through uricotelic?

A) lobopodia B) uroid portion A) Birds and insects

C) contractile vacuole D) limiting membrane B) Reptiles and mammals

11) The absorption of Na + and secretion of K+ by

C) Both (a) and (b)
the nephron is under the control of hormone:
D) Cartilaginous fishes and mammals
A) ADH B) Corticosterone
18) ADH controls water permeability of
C) Aldosterone D) Progesterone
A) collecting tube
12) The conversion of NH3 into urea occurs in:
B) distal convoluted tubule
A) Urinary bladder B) Spleen
C) proximal convoluted tubule
C) Kidney D) Liver

13) Transitional epithelium lines in : D) Bowman"s capsule

19) Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney secrete

A) Glomerulus
hormone

B) Nephrons
A) angiotensingoge B) angiotensin II

C) Urinary bladder
C) coherin D) renin

D) Urinary bladder and ureter 20) Specific gravity of urine normally is

14) Filtration pressure in human kidneys is about:

A) 1.010 − 1.015 B) 1.015 − 1.020

A) + 18 mm Hg B) + 70 mm Hg
C) 1.020 − 1.025 D) Both (a) and (b)

C) +45 mm Hg D) + 75 mm Hg 21) Part of nephron impermeable to salt

15) Structural and functional unit of kidney is

A) neuron B) nephron

C) lungs D) Schwann"s cells

16) The maximum number of microvilli is present in

 A) Distal convoluted tubules A) 20 mm Hg B) 75 mm Hg

B) Descending limb of loop of Henle C) 30 mm Hg D) 50 mm Hg

28) Filtrate within the Henle"s loop is most

C) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
concentrated in the:
D) Collecting duct
A) Descending limb
22) Which one is related to urine concentration in
mammals? B) Ascending limb

A) Testosterone hormone C) Bend between the ascending limb and the

distal tubule
B) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Hairpin bend
C) Oxytocin hormone
29) Glomerulus is formed by
D) All of the above
A) branch from renal vein
23) Deposition of .......in the joints causes gout.
B) uriniferous tubule
A) urea B) uric acid
C) branch from renal artery
C) guanine D) ammonia
D) coiling of proximal part of uriniferous tubule
24) Urea formation takes place in
30) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) decreases
A) kidneys B) liver C) lungs D) spleen
A) blood pressure B) secretion of renin
25) Choose the correct Match of the following
options.
C) Na+ excretion D) vasodilation

31) The appearance of albumin in urine is most

likely due to:

A) Increase in the blood pressure

B) Decrease in the blood osmotic pressure

A) III B) II C) I D) IV

26) Juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes which C) Damage to the Malpighian corpuscles

hormone :
D) Damage to the proximal convoluted tubules
A) Vasopressin B) Oxytocin
32) The human kidney
C) Angiotensin D) Aldosterone

27) The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid

to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
 38) Which of the following amino acids are present
A) is responsible for the storage of nutrients
in Ornithine cycle ?
such as glycogen
A) Valine and cysteine
B) concentrates the urine by actively
transporting water out of the filtrate
B) Arginine and citrulline
C) produces more dilute urine when the
C) Glycine and methionine
collection ducts become less permeable to
water
D) None of the above
D) responds to antidiuretic hormone by 39) Least amount of waste is found in:
increasing urine output

33) Transition epithelium is found in A) Renal artery

A) ureter B) urinary bladder B) Renal vein

C) urethra D) kidney C) Hepatic vein

34) The glomerular filtration rate in normal adult is: D) Hepatic portal vein

A) 200 ml / minute B) 250 ml/ minute 40) A person has taken large amount of protein rich
diet. He will excrete more of:
C) 125 ml/ minute D) 170 ml / minute
A) Urea B) Uric acid
35) Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate:
C) Sugar D) Salts and water
A) Along with concentration gradient

B) Against concentration gradient

C) By simple diffusion

D) By selective osmosis

36) The plasma resembles in its composition to the

filtrate produced by the glomerulus except the
presence of:

A) Glucose B) Chloride

C) Amino acids D) Proteins

37) The artificial kidney is designed according to

the principle of:

A) Hydrolysis B) Dialysis

C) Lysis D) Secretion
 Answer Sheet

Biology : Excretion and Osmoregulation

Total Questions : 40 Total Marks : 40

1 A 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 C 11 C 12 D
13 D 14 A 15 B 16 C 17 C 18 A 19 D 20 B 21 B 22 B 23 B 24 B
25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 B 30 A 31 C 32 C 33 A 34 C 35 B 36 D
37 B 38 B 39 B 40 A
 Solution Sheet

Biology : Excretion and Osmoregulation

Total Questions : 40 Total Marks : 40

1) Ureotelism is a type of excretion in which main
nitrogenous waste is urea and animals showing
ureotelism, are called ureotelic animals. It is a
common
method of excretion in man and all other
mammals.
2) The quantity of glomerular filtrate formed
each minute in all the nephron of both
kidneys is called glomerular filtration rate
(GFR). The GFR in a normal adult person
is 125 mL of plasma per minute or 180 L
of plasma per day.
3) Birds and lizards excrete nitrogenous wastes in
the form of uric acid. It is less toxic and
insoluble
in water. It does not require water for their
elimination.
These animals excreting uric acid are called
uricotelic.
4) The yellow colour of urine is due to the
presence
of pigment urochrome. This pigment is formed
by
bile pigment bilirubin.
5) The high threshold substance are totally
absorbed from glomerular filtrate e.g.
glucose by active transport against electro
chemical gradient. It requires
energy.
6) Snake is a terrestrial animal.
Snake is uricotelic animal.
7) In man purines are changed to uric acid for
excretion.
8) When near about 300−500 ml of urine is
collected bladder the parasympathetic
nerve fibres brings contraction of detrusor
muscle of urinary bladder and
relaxation of internal sphincter. As a result
urine is expelled forcely outside
the body called micturition.
9) Urea is synthesized in liver which is eliminated
though kidneys. Liver also play
important role of excreting bile pigments
pigments (bilirubin biliverdin)
10) Contractile vacuole helps in excretion in
Amoeba as its watery contents possess
traces of CO2 and urea.
11) Aldosterone (salt retaining hormone) secreted
from adrenal cortex maintains
Na+ and K+ ratio. The reabsorption of Na+
secretion of K+ is
controlled by aldosterone.
12) In liver ammonia (NH3 ) is combined with CO_2
to from urea. It take place by
ornithine or urea cycle.
13) The kidney have a special mechanism for
concentrating the urine, this is known
as counter current mechanism. This
mechanism depends on the loops of Henle, the
vasa recta and collecting tubules.
14) BP in glomerualr capillaries is about 70 mm Hg.
While opposing osmotic pressure
of blood plasma protein is 32 mm Hg plus the
pressure of fluid in nephric capsule
is 20mm Hg. Therefore net effective filtration
pressure is [70 – (32+20)= 18 mm
Hg]
15) Kidney is a compact mass of extremely fine
and coiled tube-like excretory tubules called
uriniferous tubules or nephrons.
16) The wall of PCT consists of cuboidal epithelium
which has microvilli forming brush border to
increase surface area for reabsorption. Each
cell
may have about 150 micovilli.
17) The animals which excrete mainly uric acid are
called uricotelic animals. These include snakes,
lizards, a few mammals (some desert rodents),
birds, terrestrial gastropods and insects.
18) ADH or vasopressin is effective in reabsorption
of water by changing permeability of collecting
ducts.
19) The juxtaglomarular cells (JG cells or granular
cells) are cells in the kidney that synthesise,
store and secrete the enzyme renin. They play
a critical role in the renin-angiotenis system
and
thus in renal autoregulations of the kidney.
20) Urine is a pale yellow coloured transparent
liquid which has a pH of 6.00, specific gravity
ranges from 1.015 to 1.020.
21) In descending limb of loop of Henle, water is
reabsorbed due to increasing osmolality of
interstitial
fluid. Sodium and other solutes are not
reabsorbed
here. The filtrate become hypertonic to blood
plasma.
In ascending limb of loop of Henle, solutes
(Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl) are reabsorbed whereas it is
impermeable to water.
In distal convoluted tubule, there is active
reabsorption
of sodium ions from the filtrate under the
influence of
aldosterone.
Collecting duct reabsorb the water and also
Na+ under
the influence of aldosterone.
22) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) act
via
c-AMP; its release is inhibited by alcohol, which
therefore stimulates urine production, its
concentration in blood depends on the rate of
urine production and is zero, when urine
production
is at its maximum rate.
23) Deposition of crystals of uric acid in the joints
causes gout. It is a type of arthritis. Symptoms
include sudden burning pain, stiffness and
swelling in the affected joints.
24) Urea formation takes place in liver through
urea cycle or Krebs-Hanseliet cycle.
25) The only correct match given is DCT (Distal
Convoluted
Tubule), part of a renal tubule which helps in
the secretion
of H+ and K+ ions.
26) DCT forms very close contact with glomerulus
of same nephron to from a complex
structure called Juxta glomerular apparatus. It
release hormone rennin which
converts angiotensinogen into angiotensis.
27) Kidneys help in the formation of urine, from
the blood flowing through glomerular
capillaries.
About 20% of plasma fluid filters out into the
Bowman"s capsule through a thin glomerular-
capsular membrane due to a net or effective
filtration of about 10 to 15 mm Hg.
So, the nearest option is (a).
28) In U shape Henles loop, the descending limb is
permeable to water and
impermeable to salt. In hair pin bend region the
fluid become more hypertonic
i.e. most concentration.
29) Golmerulus is a network of capillaries
i.e. uriniferous tubules.
30) Antrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is a hormone
produced in the cardiac atrium. Its effect in
increased excretion of water and sodium and
a fowering of blood pressure which reduces
the workload of the heart.
31) Albumin is protein of high molecular weight.
Normally it does not filtrated
through basement membrane of glomerulus
and podocytes of Bowman"s capsule. It
damage may leads to appearance of albumin in
urine
32) From the distal convoluted tubule, the filtrate
enters
the collecting tubule, where further
reabsorption of
water takes place. Now, the filtration become
more
concentrated which makes the filterate
hypertonic.
When the collecting duct become less
permeable
to water, it produces more dilute urine.
33) From the hilum of each kidney emerges a
whitish
tube, the ureter. Their wall consists of
transitional
epithelium surrounded by a layer of muscle
fibres.
34) Near about 1300 ml of blood passes into both
kidney per minute. It is essential
that 125 – 130 ml of glomerular filtrate is formed
per minute.
35) Glucose is reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate
by active reabsorption. It is
vital process which works against
concentration gradient so it is energy
dependent process. It is a rapid process by
which even whole substance can be
reabsorbed.
36) The glomerular filtrate or primary urine
produced during ultra filtration is
plasma without protein i.e. deproteinsed.
37) The dialysis is an artificial kidney which used to
filter the blood of a person
whose kidneys are damaged. It works on the
principal that the diffusion of small
solutes molecules through semi permeable
membrane.
38) Ornithine cycle is also called urea cycle,
which takes place in the mitochondria of
liver cells. The amino acids arginine and
citrulline are formed during the formation
of urea.
39) Renal vein collects filtered blood from both
kidneys which contain least amount
of waste substance.
40) Protein is catabolised into urea. Hence person
who consume protein rich diet
will excretes more urea.