Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1.3) What are the main steps involved in FEA. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.5) What are the basic approaches to improve a finite element model?
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.6) Write any two advantages of FEM Analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
1.7) What are the methods generally associated with finite element analysis?
1.8) List any four advantages of finite element method. [AU, April / May – 2008]
1.9) What are the applications of FEA? [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.11) What is the limitation of using a finite difference method? [AU, April / May – 2010]
1.20) State the advantage of finite element method over other numerical analysis
methods.
1.25) How to write the equilibrium equation for a finite element? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
1.28) What do you mean by boundary condition and boundary value problem?
1.29) Write the difference between initial value problem and boundary value problem.
1.30) What are the different types of boundary conditions? Give examples.
[AU, May / June – 2012]
1.32) Write down the boundary conditions of a cantilever beam AB of span L fixed at A
and free at B subjected to a uniformly distributed load of P throughout the span.
[AU, May / June – 2009, 2011]
1.33) Briefly explain force method and stiffness method.
1.36) Write down the stress strain relationship for a three dimensional stress field.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
1.39) Write the potential energy for beam of span L simply supported at ends, subjected
to a concentrated load P at mid span. Assume EI constant.
[AU, April / May, Nov / Dec – 2008]
1.40) State the principle of minimum potential energy.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, 2013, April / May – 2009]
1.41) How will you obtain total potential energy of a structural system?
[AU, April / May – 2011, May / June – 2012]
1.42) Write down the potential energy function for a three dimensional deformable body
in terms of strain and displacements. [AU, May / June – 2009]
1.45) Name the weighted residual methods. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.46) What is the use of Ritz method? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.47) Mention the basic steps of Rayleigh-Ritz method. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.48) Highlight the equivalence and the difference between Rayleigh Ritz method and the
finite element method. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
1.49) Distinguish between Rayleigh Ritz method and finite element method.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
1.50) Distinguish between Rayleigh Ritz method and finite element method with regard
to choosing displacement function. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.51) Why are polynomial types of interpolation functions preferred over trigonometric
functions? [AU, April / May – 2009, May / June – 2013]
1.55) What do you mean by constitutive law?[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
1.58) Mention two situations where Galerkin’s method is preferable to Rayleigh – Ritz
method. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
PART – B
1.63) Explain the step by step procedure of FEA. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.64) Explain the general procedure of finite element analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.66) Explain the step by step procedure of FEM. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.67) List out the general procedure for FEA problems. [AU, May / June – 2012]
1.68) Compare FEM with other methods of analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.69) Define discretization. Explain mesh refinement. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.70) Explain the various aspects pertaining to discretization, process in finite element
modeling analysis. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
1.72) Discuss procedure using the commercial package (P.C. Programs) available today
for solving problems of FEM. Take a structural problem to explain the same.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.73) State the importance of locating nodes in finite element model.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.74) Write a brief note on the following.
1.75) What are initial and final boundary value problems? Explain.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.76) Explain the Potential Energy Approach [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.77) Explain the principle of minimization of potential energy. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.78) Explain the four weighted residual methods. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
1.79) Explain Ritz method with an example. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.84) Derive the characteristic equations for the one dimensional bar element by using
piece-wise defined interpolations and weak form of the weighted residual method?
[AU, May / June – 2012]
1.85) Develop the weak form and determine the displacement field for a cantilever beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load and a point load acting at the free end.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
1.86) Explain Gaussian elimination method of solving equations.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
1.87) Write briefly about Gaussian elimination? [AU, April / May – 2009]
( )
x =2
(iv) Galerkin
Trial function is ( )
Boundary conditions are, y (0) = 0 y (10) = 0
(iv) Galerkin
1.90) Discuss the following methods to solve the given differential equation :
( )
(i) Variant method (ii) Collocation method. [AU, April / May – 2010]
1.91) A cantilever beam of length L is loaded with a point load at the free end. Find the
maximum deflection and maximum bending moment using Rayleigh-Ritz method
1.93) Determine the expression for deflection and bending moment in a simply supported
beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span. Find the deflection
and moment at midspan and compare with exact solution using Rayleigh-Ritz
1.94) Compute the value of central deflection in the figure below by assuming
( )
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 7
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
( )
Determine the direct strains in x and y directions as well the shear strain at the point
x = 1, y =0. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.96) In a solid body, the six components of the stress at a point are given by x= 40
MPa, y = 20 MPa, z = 30 MPa, yz = -30 MPa, xz = 15 MPa and xy = 10 MPa.
Determine the normal stress at the point, on a plane for which the normal is (nx, ny,
nz) = ( ½, ½, 1
2
)
1.98) For the spring system shown in figure, calculate the global stiffness matrix,
displacements of nodes 2 and 3, the reaction forces at node 1 and 4. Also calculate
the forces in the spring 2. Assume, k1 = k3 = 100 N/m, k2 = 200 N/m, u1 = u4= 0 and
P=500 N. [AU, April / May – 2010]
1.99) Use the Rayleigh – Ritz method to find the displacement of the midpoint of the rod
shown in figure. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.101) Find the solution of the problem using Rayleigh-Ritz method by considering a two-
term solution as ( ) ( ) ( ) [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
1.102) A bar of uniform cross section is clamped at one end and left free at the other end. It
is subjected to a uniform load axial load P as shown in figure. Calculate the
displacement and stress in the bar using three terms polynomial following Ritz
method. Compare the results with exact solutions. [AU, May / June – 2011]
1.103) A simply Supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span
and it is subjected to a point load at the centre of the span. Calculate the deflection
1.106) Solve for the displacement field for a simply supported beam, subjected to a
uniformly distributed load using Rayleigh – Ritz method. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
1.107) Use the Rayleigh – Ritz method to find the displacement field u(x) of the rod as
shown below. Element 1 is made of aluminum and element 2 is made of steel. The
properties are
Field u = a1 + a2x for 0 x 200 mm, and u = a3 + a4 x for 200 x 500 mm.
1.109) Analyze the beam shown in figure using finite element technique. Determine the
rotations at the supports. Give E = 200GPa and I = 4 * 106mm4
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
1.110) A rod fixed at its ends is subjected to a varying body force as shown in Figure. Use
the Rayleigh-Ritz method with an assumed displacement field ( )
to find the displacement u(x) and stress σ(x). Plot the variation of the
stress in the rod. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
1.111) A uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load is illustrated in Figure. The
deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation given below.
Determine the displacement using weighted residual method.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 11
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
1.112) A steel rod is attached to rigid walls at each end and is subjected to a distributed
load T(x) as shown below.
1.113) Derive the stress – strain relation and strain – displacement relation for an element
in space.
1.114) Derive the equation of equilibrium in case of a three dimensional stress system.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
1.115) What is constitutive relationship? Express the constitutive relations for a linear
elastic isotropic material including initial stress and strain. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
1.117) Find the approximate deflection of a simply supported beam under a uniformly
distributed load ‘P‘ throughout its span. Using Galerkin and Least square residual
method. [AU, May / June – 2011]
1.120) Solve the following equation using a two – parameter trial solution by the
y (0) = 1
( ) ()
1.124) Determine the two parameter solution of the following using Galerkin method.
1.125) Give a one – parameter Galerkin solution of the following equation, for the two
2u 2u
domain’s shown below. 1.
x 2 y 2
1.128) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
x1 – x2 + x3 = 1
2x1 – 2x2 – x4 = 1
2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 2
x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 4
28r1 + 6r2 = 1
1.131) Use the Gaussian elimination method to solve the following simultaneous
equations:
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 2
1.132) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 13
– 2x1 + x2 – x3 = –3
2.3) What are the types of problems treated as one dimensional problem?
[AU, May / June – 2013]
2.4) Highlight at least two rules to guide the placement of the nodes when obtaining
approximate solution to a differential equation. [AU, April / May – 2010]
2.5) Define shape function. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
2.8) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element. [AU, April / May – 2009]
2.9) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element with one degree of freedom at
each node. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
2.10) Draw the shape function for one dimensional line element with three nodes.
[AU, April / May – 2009]
2.11) State the properties of stiffness matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009, 2010, 2011]
2.12) List out the stiffness matrix properties. [AU, May / June – 2012]
2.13) State the characteristics of shape function. [AU, May / June – 2011]
2.14) List the characteristics of shape functions. [AU, April / May – 2010]
2.17) Write the element stiffness matrix for a two noded linear element subjected to axial
loading.
2.18) Write the stiffness matrix for the simple beam element given below.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
2.19) What are the properties of global stiffness matrix? [AU, April / May – 2011]
2.20) Write the properties of Global Stiffness Matrix of a one dimensional element.
[AU, May / June – 2012]
2.21) Differentiate global stiffness matrix from elemental stiffness matrix.
2.24) How do you calculate the size of the global stiffness matrix?
2.25) List the properties of the global stiffness matrix. [AU, April / May – 2010]
2.28) Name the factors which affect the number element in the given domain.
2.29) State the requirements to be fulfilled by the approximate solution for its
convergence towards the actual solution.
2.32) Why polynomials are generally used as shape function? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
2.33) Why are polynomial terms preferred for shape functions in finite element method?
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.34) What do you mean by error in FEA solution?
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 17
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
2.37) State the assumptions are made while finding the forces in a truss.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
2.40) Why are polynomial types of interpolation functions preferred over trigonometric
functions? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
2.44) What do you mean by higher order elements? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
2.45) Why higher order elements are required for FE analysis? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
2.46) What are higher order elements and why are they preferred?
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.51) Obtain any one shape function for a quadratic cubic spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
2.52) Mention two advantages of quadratic spar element over linear spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
2.53) Give a brief note on the sources of error in FEA.
2.56) Write the boundary condition for a cantilever beam subjected to point load at its
free end.
2.57) For a one dimensional fin problem, what are all the boundary conditions that can be
specified at the free end?
2.58) Determine the load vector for the beam element shown in Figure
2.61) Differentiate global and local coordinates. [AU, May / June – 2013]
2.62) State the differences between a bar element and a truss element.
PART – B
2.63) What are the different types of elements? Explain the significance of each.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
2.64) Derive and sketch the quadratic shape function for the bar element.
[AU, May / June – 2011]
2.65) Derive the shape function of a quadratic 1 – D element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
2.66) Derive the shape functions for one dimensional linear element using direct method.
[AU, May / June – 2013]
2.67) Determine the shape function and element matrices for quadratic bar element.
[AU, May / June – 2012]
2.68) Derive the stiffness matrix and finite element equation for one dimensional bar.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
2.69) Derive the stiffness matrix and body force vector for a quadratic spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
2.70) Obtain an expression for the shape function of a linear bar element.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.71) Derive shape functions and stiffness matrix for a 2D rectangular element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
2.72) Consider the rod (a robot arm) as shown below, which is rotating at constant
angular velocity = 30 rad/sec. Determine the axial stress distribution in the rod,
using two quadratic elements. Consider only the centrifugal force. Ignore bending
of the rod.
2.73) A link of 2m, pin – jointed at one end, is rotating at angular velocity 5 rad / sec. the
cross – sectional area of link is 2 * 10-3 m2. Determine the nodal displacements
using two linear spar elements. Take E = 200GPa and ρ = 7850 kg/m3.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
2.75) A column of length 500mm is loaded axially as shown in figure. Analyze the
column and evaluate the stress and strain at salient points. The Young’s modulus
can be taken as E. Take A1 = 62.5mm2 and A2 = 125mm2
[AU, April / May – 2009]
2.76) Consider a bar as shown in figure. Young’s Modulus E = 2*10 5 N/mm2. A1 = 2 cm2,
A2 = 1 cm2 and force of 100 N. Determine the nodal displacement.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
2.77) Consider the bar shown in Figure Axial force P = 30 kN is applied as shown.
Determine the nodal displacement, stresses in each element and reaction forces
[AU, May / June – 2012]
2.79) Find the nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the bar shown in Figure.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.80) An axial load P = 300 x 103 N is applied at 200C to the rod as shown below. The
temperature is then raised to 600C
2.81) The stepped bar shown in fig is subjected to an increase in temperature, T=80o C.
Determine the displacements, element stresses and support reactions.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
2.82) Axial load of 500N is applied to a stepped shaft, at the interface of two bars. The
ends are fixed. Obtain the nodal displacements and stresses when the element is
subjected to all in temperature of 100˚C. Take E1 = 70*103 N/mm2, E2 = 200*103
N/mm2, A1 = 900mm2, A2 = 1200mm2, α1 = 23*10-6 / ˚C, α2 = 11.7*10-6 / ˚C, L1 =
200mm, L2 = 300mm. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
2.83) Consider a bar as shown below having a cross sectional area A e = 1.2 in2 and
Young’s modulus E = 30 x 106 psi If q1 = 0.02 in and q2 = 0.025 in, determine the
following:
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 24
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
c) The element stiffness matrix and d) The strain energy in the element.
A finite element solution using one – dimensional, two – noded elements has been
obtained for a rod as shown below.
T
Displacement are as follows Q [-0.2, 0,0.6, - 0.1] , E = 1N/mm2, area of each
mm
i) According to the finite element theory, plot the displacement u(x) versus x.
ii) According to the finite element theory, plot the strain (x) versus x.
1
iv) Determine the strain energy in the element 1-2 using U qT kq.
2
2.84) Consider the bar, loaded as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements,
element stresses and support reactions. Solve this problem by adopting elimination
method for handling boundary conditions. (value of E = 200 x 109 N/m2).
2.85) In the figure shown below load P = 60kN is applied. Determine the displacement
field, stress and support reactions in the body. Take E = 20 kN/mm2
[AU, May / June – 2011]
2.86) Consider the bar as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements, element
stresses and support reactions. (E = 200 x 109 N/m2)
2.87) An axial load P = 385 KN is applied to the composite block as shown below.
Determine the stress in each material.
2.88) For a vertical rod as shown below, find the deflection at A and the stress
distribution. E = 100 MPa and weight per unit volume = 0.06 N/cm3. Comment on
the stress distribution.
2.89) Consider a two-bar supported by a spring shown in figure. Both bars have E = 210
GPa and A=5.0 x10-4 m2. Bar one has a length of 5m and bar two has a length of 10
m. The spring stiffness is k= 2 kN/m. Determine the horizontal and vertical
displacements at the joint 1 and stresses in each bar. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
2.90) Each of the three bars of the pin – jointed frame shown in figure has a cross
sectional area of 1000mm2 with E = 200GPa. Solve for displacements.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
2.91) Find the deflection at the free end under its own weight, using divisions of
2.92) For the discretization of beam elements as shown below, number the nodes so as to
minimize the bandwidth of the assembled stiffness matrix (K)
2.93) The elements of a row or column of the stiffness matrix of a bar element sum up to
zero, but not so for a beam element. Explain why this is so.
2.94) For the beam problem shown below, determine the tip deflection and the slope at
the roller support.
2.95) For the beam and loading as shown in figure. Determine the slopes at the two ends
of the distributed load and the vertical deflection at the mid-point of the distributed
load. Take E = 200GPa and I = 4*106 mm4 [AU, May / June – 2011]
2.96) Find the deflection and slope for the following beam section at which point load is
applied.
2.97) Solve the following beam as shown below, clamped at one end and spring support
at other end. A linearly varying transverse load of maximum magnitude of 100
K
N/cm applied over the span of 4 cm to 10 cm. Take EI = 2 x 107 N/cm2, 10 2 .
EI
2.98) Obtain the deflection at the midpoint of the beam shown below and determine the
reaction.
2.99) The simply supported beam shown in figure is subjected to a uniform transverse
load, as shown. Using two equal-length elements and work-equivalent nodal loads
obtain a finite element solution for the deflection at mid-span and compare it to the
solution given by elementary beam theory. [AU, April / May - 2010]
2.100) Determine the displacements and slopes at the nodes for the beam shown in figure.
Take k=200kN / m, E=70GPa and I=2x10-4m4. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
2.101) Determine the nodal displacements and slopes for the beam shown in Figure. Find
the moment at the midpoint of element 1. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
2.102) Determine the displacement of node 1 and the stress in element 3, for the three-bar
truss as shown below. Take A = 250 mm2, E = 200 GPa for all elements.
2.103) Determine the force in the members of the truss as shown in figure.
2.104) Determine the nodal displacements and the element stresses for the two dimensional
loaded plate as shown in figure. Assume plane stress condition. Body force may be
neglected in comparison to the external forces. Take E = 210GPa, µ = 0.25,
Thickness t = 10mm. [AU, May / June – 2011]
2.105) The loading and other parameters for a two bar truss element is shown in figure
Determine [AU, May / June – 2013]
2.106) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in Figure.
E= 70Gpa.cross-sectional area A = 2cm2 for all truss members.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.107) Find the horizontal and vertical displacements of node 1 for the truss shown below.
Take A = 300 mm2, E = 2 x105 N/mm2 for each element.
2.108) Each of the five bars of the pin jointed truss shown in figure below has a cross
sectional area 20 sq. cm. and E = 200 GPa.
(i) Form the equation F = KU where K is the assembled stiffness matrix of the
structure.
(ii) Find the forces in all the five members. [AU, April / May – 2008]
2.109) Analyze the truss shown in figure and evaluate the stress resultants in member (2).
Assume area of cross section of all the members in same. E = 2 * 105 N/mm2
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
2.110) Determine the joint displacements, the joint reactions, element forces and element
stresses of the given truss elements. [AU, April / May - 2010]
2.111) Determine the force in the members of the truss shown in figure.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
2.112) Find the nodal displacement developed in the planer truss shown in Figure when a
vertically downward load of 1000 N is applied at node 4. The required data are
given in the Table. [AU, May / June – 2012]
2.113) Derive the shape function for a 2 noded beam element and a 3 noded bar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
2.114) Why is higher order elements needed? Determine the shape functions of an eight
noded rectangular element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
3.5) Write the Lagrangean shape functions for a 1D, 2 noded elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.6) Write the relation to obtain the size of the stiffness matrix for a linear quadrilateral
element having Ux and Uy as dof.
3.8) Write down the interpolation function of a field variable for three-node triangular
element. [AU, April / May – 2010]
3.10) Draw the shape functions of a CST element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
3.11) Explain the important properties of CST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.14) What are CST and LST elements? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.18) Differentiate CST and LST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
3.19) Give the Jacobian matrix for a CST element and state its significance.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.20) Evaluate the following area integrals for the three node triangular element
∫ [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.21) A triangular element is shown in Figure and the nodal coordinates are expressed in
mm. Compute the strain displacement matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.24) What are the different problems governed by 2D scalar field variables?
3.25) Use various number of triangular elements to mesh the given domain in the order of
increasing solution refinement.
3.32) Write the node numbering and element connectivity table for the given domain
using suitable discretization.
3.33) Plot the variation of shape function with respect node of a 3 noded triangular
element.
3.34) Write down the nodal displacement equations for a two dimensional triangular
elasticity element. [AU, April / May – 2010]
3.37) Give one example each for plane stress and plane strain problems.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.38) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.39) Distinguish plane stress and plane strain conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
3.40) Define plane strain with suitable example. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.42) Define a plane stress problem with a suitable example. [AU, May / June – 2013]
3.43) Explain plane stress problem with an example. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.44) Explain plane stress conditions with example. [AU, May / June – 2011]
3.45) Write down the strain displacement relation. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.46) State whether plane stress or plane strain elements can be used to model the
following structures. Justify your answer. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.47) Write the assumptions used to define the given problem as plane stress problem.
3.48) Write the assumptions used to define the given problem as plane strain problem.
3.49) Using general stress - strain relation, obtain plane stress equation.
3.50) Beginning with general elastic stress-strain relation, derive the plane strain
condition.
3.51) What are the differences between 2 Dimensional scalar variable and vector variable
elements? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.52) What are the ways by which a three dimensional problem can be reduced to a two
dimensional problem?
3.53) How to reduce a 3D problem into a 2D problem? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.54) Give the stiffness matrix equation for an axisymmetric triangular element.
3.60) When are axisymmetric elements preferred? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.61) State the situations where the axisymmetric formulation can be applied.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
3.66) What do you mean by constitutive law and give the constitutive law for axi-
symmetric problems? [AU, April / May, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.67) Specify the body force term and the body force vector for axisymmetric triangular
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.68) Give one example each for plane stress and plane strain problems.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
3.69) Explain plane strain problem with an example. [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.78) Define the following terms with suitable examples [AU, April / May – 2010]
i) Plane stress, plane strain ii) Node, element and shape functions
iii) Axisymmetric analysis iv) Iso – parametric element
3.82) Compare the changes in the D matrix evolved out of plane strain, plane stress and
axi-symmetric problem.
3.90) Write the natural co-ordinates for the point “P” of the triangular element. The point
‘P’ is the C.G. of the triangle. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.91) Show the transformation for mapping x-coordinate system onto a natural coordinate
system for a linear spar element and for a quadratic spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.92) Define a local co – ordinate system. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.94) What do you understand by area co – ordinates? [AU, April / May – 2011]
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 45
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
3.100) Define Isoparametric elements with suitable examples [AU, April / May – 2010]
3.102) What do you mean by Isoparametric formulation? [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.105) What are the applications of Isoparametric elements? [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.111) Write down the Jacobian matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
3.113) What is the significance of Jacobian of transformation? [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.115) Give two examples for sub parametric elements. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.116) Represent the variation of shape function with respect to nodes for quadratic
elements in terms of natural co-ordinates.
3.117) Compare linear model, quadratic model and cubic model in terms of natural co-
ordinate system.
3.119) Write down the element force vector equation for a four noded quadrilateral
element.
3.120) Write down the Jacobian matrix for a four noded quadrilateral element
3.121) Write the shape function for the quadrilateral element in , space.
3.122) Why is four noded quadrilateral element is preferred for axi-symmetric problem
than three noded triangular element?
3.123) Sketch a four node quadrilateral element along with nodal degrees of freedom.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
3.124) Write down the stiffness matrix for four noded quadrilateral elements.
[AU, May / June – 2011]
3.125) Distinguish between essential boundary conditions and natural boundary
conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.126) Write the advantages of higher order elements in natural co – ordinate system.
3.131) What are the advantages of Gaussian quadrature? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.132) What are the weights and sampling points of two point formula of Gauss
quadrature formula? [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.135) Write the Gauss points and weights for two point formula of numerical integration.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
3.136) Write down the Gauss integration formula for triangular domains.
[AU, April / May – 2009]
3.138) Name the commonly used integration method in natural – co-ordinate system.
3.139) Write the relation between weights and Gauss points in Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
PART – B
3.140) Determine the shape functions for a constant strain triangular (CST) element in
terms of natural coordinate system. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.141) What are shape functions? Derive the shape function for the three noded triangular
elements. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.142) Derive the element strain displacement matrix and element stiffness matrix of a
CST element. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.143) Explain the terms plane stress and plane strain problems. Give the constitutive
laws for these cases. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
3.144) Derive the equations of equilibrium in the case of a three dimensional system.
3.146) Derive the constant-strain triangular element’s stiffness matrix and equations.
3.150) A two noded line element with one translational degree of freedom is subjected to a
uniformly varying load of intensity P1 at node 1 and P2 at node 2. Evaluate the
nodal load vector using numerical integration. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.151) Calculate the element stresses x,y, xy, 1 and 2 and the principle angle p for
3.152) The nodal co-ordinates of the triangular element is as shown below. At the interior
point P, the x- co-ordinate is 3.3 and N1 = 0.3. Determine N2, N3 and the y – co-
ordinate at point P.
3.153) The (x,y) co-ordinates of nodes i, j and k of a triangular element are given by (0,0),
(3,0) and (1.5,4) mm respectively. Evaluate the shape functions N1, N2 and N3 at an
interior point P (2, 2.5) mm for the element. For the same triangular element, obtain
the strain-displacement relation matrix B. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.154) For the triangular element shown below, obtain the strain – displacement relation
matrix B and determine the strains x ,y and xy.
3.155) Derive the expression for nodal vector in a CST element subjected to pressures P x1,
Py1 on side 1, Px2, Py2, on side 2 and Px3, Py3 on side 3 as shown in figure.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.156) Consider the triangular element show in Figure. The element is extracted from a
thin plate of thickness 0.5 cm. The material is hot rolled low carbon steel. The
Nodal co-ordinates are xi =0, yi = 0, xj =0, yj = -1, xk =0, yk = -1 cm,. Determine the
elemental stiffness matrix. Assuming plane stress analysis. Take µ = 0.3 and E =
2.1*107 N/cm2 [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.157) Derive the interpolation function 14 for the quadratic triangular element as shown
below.
3.158) Derive the interpolation function of a corner node in a cubic serendipity element.
3.159) Find the expression for nodal vector in a CST element shown in figure subjected to
pressures Px1 on side 1. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.160) For the CST element given below, assemble stain displacement matrix. Take t = 20
mm and E = 2*105 N/mm2 [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
3.161) Calculate the value of pressure at the point A which is inside the 3 noded triangular
elements as shown in figure. The nodal values are φ1 = 40 MPa, φ2 = 34 MPa and φ3
= 46 MPa, Point A is located at (2, 1.5) Assume pressure is linearly varying in the
element. Also determine the location of 42 MPa contour line.
[AU, May / June – 2013]
3.162) Obtain the global stiffness matrix for the plate shown in figure. Taking two
triangular elements. Assume plane stress condition. [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.163) For the constant strain triangular element shown in figure below, assemble the
strain – displacement matrix. Take t = 20 mm and E = 2 x 105 N/mm2.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, 2013, April / May – 2009]
3.164) A CST element has nodal coordinates 1 (0,0), 2 (5,0), 3 (0,4). The element is
subjected to a body force f = x3 N/m3. Determine the nodal force vector. Take the
element thickness as 0.3m. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.165) For the plane strain element shown in the figure, the nodal displacements are given
as : u1= 0.005 mm, u2 = 0.002 mm, u3=0.0mm, u4 = 0.0 mm, u5 = 0.004 mm, u6
= 0.0 mm. Determine the element stresses. Take E = 200 Gpa and = 0.3. Use unit
thickness for plane strain. [AU, April / May - 2010]
3.166) For the two-dimensional loaded plate as shown in Figure. Determine the nodal
displacements and element stress using plane strain condition considering body
force. Take Young’s modulus as 200 GPa, Poisson’s ration as 0.3 and density as
7800 kg/m3. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.167) Derive element force vector when linearly varying pressure acts on the side joining
nodes jk of a triangular element shown in Figure and body force of 25N/mm2 acts
downwards. Thickness = 5mm. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.168) For the plane stress element whose coordinates are given by (100,100), (400, 100)
and (200, 4000, the nodal displacements are u1 = 2.0mm, v1 =l.0mm, u2 =l.0mm, v2
=1.5mm, u3 = 2.5mm, v3 = 0.5mm. Determine the element stresses. Assume E =
200 GN/m2, µ = 0.3 and t = 10 mm. All coordinates are in mm.
[AU, May / June – 2013]
3.169) A thin plate a subjected to surface fraction as shown in Figure. Calculate the global
stiffness matrix. Table t = 25 mm, E = 2 *105 N/mm2 and γ = 0.30. Assume plane
stress condition. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.170) Determine the deflection of a thin plate subjected to extensional load as shown.
3.171) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in Figure.
E = 70 GPa cross-sectional area A = 2 cm2 for all truss members.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.172) A thin elastic plate subjected to uniformly distributed edge load as shown below.
Find the stiffness and force matrix of the element.
3.173) For the configuration as shown in figure determine the deflection at the point load
applications. Use one model method. Assume plane stress condition.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
3.174) Derive the expression for the element stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric shell
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
3.175) Describe the step by step procedure of solving axisymmetric problem by finite
element formulation. [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.178) Derive the stress-strain relationship matrix (D) for the axisymmetric triangular
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.179) Explain the modeling of cylinders subjected to internal and external pressure using
axisymmetric. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.180) For a thick cylinder subjected to internal and external pressure, indicate the steps of
finding the radial stress. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
3.182) Explain Galerkin’s method of formulation for determining the stiffness matrix for
an axisymmetric triangular element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.183) The (x, y) co- ordinates of nodes i, j and k of an axisymmetric triangular element
are given by (3, 4), (6, 5), and (5, 8) cm respectively. The element displacement (in
cm) vector is given as q = [0.002, 0.001, 0.001, 0.004, -0.003, 0.007]T. Determine
the element strains. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
3.184) A long cylinder of inside diameter 80 mm and outside diameter 120 mm snugly fits
in a hole over its full length. The cylinder is then subjected to an internal pressure
of 2 MPa. Using two elements on the 10 mm length shown, find the displacement
at the inner radius.
3.185) Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in fig, Take E as
2.1* 106 N/mm2 and Poisson's ratio as 0.3. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.186) Determine the element stresses for the axisymmetric element as shown below. Take
E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and = 0.25.
u1 = 0.05 mm w1 = 0.03 mm
u2 = 0.02 mm w2 = 0.02 mm
u3 = 0 mm w3 = 0 mm
3.187) Compute the strain displacement matrix for the following axisymmetric element.
Also calculate the element stress vectors. If
[q] = [ 3.484 0 3.321 0 0 0]T * 10-3 cm
3.188) An open ended steel cylinder has a length of 200mm and the inner and outer
diameters as 68mm and 100mm respectively. The cylinder is subjected to an
internal pressure of 2MPa. Determine the deformed shape and distribution of
principle stresses. Take E = 200GPa and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
[AU, April / May – 2011]
3.190) Derive element stiffness matrix for a linear Isoparametric quadrilateral element
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2008]
3.191) Derive stiffness matrix for a linear Isoparametric element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
3.192) Explain the terms Isoparametric sub parametric and super parametric elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.193) Distinguish between sub parametric and super parametric elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2009, 2010]
3.194) Establish the shape functions of an eight node quadrilateral element and represent
them graphically. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.195) Establish any two shape functions corresponding to one corner node and one mid –
node for an eight node quadrilateral element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.196) Derive the shape function for an eight noded brick element.
[AU, April / May – 2009]
3.197) Derive the shape functions of a nine node quadrilateral Isoparametric element.
[AU, April / May – 2011, May / June – 2012]
3.198) Derive element stiffness matrix for linear Isoparametric quadrilateral element.
[AU, April / May – 2009, May / June – 2011]
3.199) Describe the element strain displacement matrix of a four node quadrilateral
element. [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.200) Derive the shape function for an eight – noded quadrilateral element in , space.
3.201) Establish the body force and traction force (uniformly distributed) vector for a
lower order quadrilateral element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.202) For the Isoparametric quadrilateral element as shown below, the Cartesian co-
ordinates of the point P are (6,4). The loads 10 KN and 12 KN are acting in X and
Y directions on that point P. Evaluate the nodal equivalent forces.
3.203) Consider the quadrilateral element as shown below using the linear interpolation
functions of a rectangular element, transform the element to the local co-ordinate
system and sketch the transformed element.
3.204) A four noded rectangular element is shown in figure. Determine the following: (i)
Jacobian Matrix (ii) Strain Displacement Matrix (iii) Element Stress. Take E =
20*105N/mm2, δ = 0.5.
3.205) A four nodal quadrilateral plane stress Isoparametric element is defined by nodes 1
(0,0), 2 (40,0), 3 (40, 15) and 4 (0,15). Determine the Jacobian matrix
corresponding to the Gauss point (0.57735, 0.57735) for the above element.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
3.206) In a four-noded rectangular element, the nodal displacements in mm are given by
u1 = 0 u2 = 0.127 u3 = 0.0635 u4 = 0
v1 = 0 v2 = 0.0635 v3 = -0.0635 v4 = 0
3.207) Find the Jacobian matrix for the nine-node rectangular element as shown below.
What is the determinant of the Jacobian matrix?
3.208) Determine the Jacobian for the (x, y) – (, ) transformation for the element shown
below. Also find the area of triangle using determinant method.
3.209) Compute the element and force matrix for the four noded rectangular elements as
shown below.
3.210) The Cartesian (global) coordinates of the corner nodes of a quadrilateral element are
given by (0,-1), (-2, 3), (2, 4) and (5, 3). Find the coordinate transformation between
the global and local (natural) coordinates. Using this, determine the Cartesian
coordinates of the point defined by (r,s) = (0.5, 0.5) in the global coordinate system.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 64
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
3.211) Consider a rectangular element as shown below. Assume plane stress condition,
E 30x106 psi, 0.3, q [0, 0, 0.002, 0.003, 0.006, 0.0032, 0, 0]T inches Evaluate
the Jacobian transformation (J), B matrix, and at = 0 and = 0.
3.213) A rectangular element has its nodes at the following points in Cartesian coordinate
system (0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 5), and (0, 5). Obtain the expressions for the shape
functions of the corresponding Isoparametric element. Using them obtain the
elements if Jacobian matrix of transformation. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.214) If the coordinates of the quadrilateral are (1, 2), (10, 2), (8, 6) and (2, 10). Obtain
the Jacobian and hence, find the area of the element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
3.215) Determine the Jacobian matrix for the following quadrilateral element at x = 4.35
mm and y = 3 mm. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.217) Establish the strain – displacement matrix for the linear quadrilateral element as
shown in figure below at Gauss point r = 0.57735 and s = -57735.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
3.219) Derive the Gauss points and weights in case of one point formula and two point
formula of Gauss numerical integration. [AU, April / May – 2011]
3.220) Derive the weights and Gauss points of two point formula of Gauss quadrature
rule. [AU, May / June – 2012]
3.224) Using natural coordinates derive the shape function for a linear quadrilateral
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
3.225) Use Gauss quadrature rule (n=2) to numerically integrate [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
∫ ∫
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 67
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2353 / VI / MECH / DEC 2013 – MAY 2014
3.228) Evaluate the integral ∫ using one point and two point
3.229) Evaluate the integral ∫ ( ) using three point Gauss quadrature and
∫ ∫ ( )( )
PART – B
4.17) Derive the equation of' motion based on weak form for transverse vibration of a
beam. [AU, May / June – 2012]
4.18) Derive the governing equation for longitudinal vibration.
4.19) Derive the weak formulation for longitudinal vibration.
4.20) Derive the weak formulation for transverse vibration.
4.21) Derive the element equation for longitudinal free vibration.
4.30) Consider a uniform cross – section bar as shown in figure of length “L” made up of a
material whose Young’s modulus and density are given by E and ρ. Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both lumped and consistent
mass matrix. [AU, May / June – 2005]
4.31) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of transverse vibration for a beam
fixed at both ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements, each of length L and
cross-sectional area A. Consider lumped mass matrix approach.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
4.32) Using two equal-length finite elements, determine the natural frequencies of the solid
circular shaft fixed at one end shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
4.33) Obtain the natural frequencies of vibration for a stepped steel bar of area 625mm2 for
the length of 250mm and 312.5mm2 for the length of 125mm. The element is fixed at
larger end [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007]
4.34) Determine the Eigen values and frequencies for the stepped bar shown in the figure.
Take E = 20 * 1010 N/m2 and self-weight = 8500 kg.m3 [AU, May / June – 2005]
4.35) Find the natural frequency of longitudinal vibration of the unconstrained stepped bar
as shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2006]
4.36) Compute material frequencies of free transverse vibration of a stepped beam shown in
figure. [AU, May / June – 2003]
4.37) Determine the natural frequencies of transverse vibration for a beam fixed at both
ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements each of length L and cross –
sectional area A. The use of symmetry boundary condition is optional.
[AU, May / June – 2008]
4.38) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a system whose stiffness and
mass matrices are given below [AU, May / June – 2008]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
4.39) A vertical plate of thickness 40 mm is tapered with widths of 0.15m and 0.075m at
top and bottom ends respectively. The plate is fixed at the top end. The length of the
plate is 0.8m. Take Young's modulus as 200 GPa and density as 7800 kg/m3. Model
the plate with two spar elements. Determine the natural frequencies of longitudinal
vibration and the mode shapes. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
4.40) Find the response of the system given below using modal superposition method.
4.42) Find the natural frequencies of vibration of two element simply supported beam by
taking advantage of the symmetry about the mid-point [AU, May / June – 2007]
4.43) Formulate the mass matrix for two-dimensional rectangular element depicted in
figure. The element has uniform thickness 5 mm and density ρ = 7.83 * 10-6kg/mm3.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
4.44) Consider the undamped 2 degree of freedom system as shown in figure. Find the
response of the system when the first mass alone is given an initial displacement of
unity and realised from rest.
The mathematical representation of the system for free, Harmonic vibration is given
by [AU, May / June – 2012]
4.45) Calculate the consistent and lumped load vector for the element shown in figure.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
4.46) Consider a uniform cross section bar, as shown in figure of length L made up of
material whose young's modulus and density is given by E and ρ . Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both consistent and lumped
mass matrices. [AU, May / June – 2013]
4.47) Determine the Eigen values and Eigen vectors for the stepped bar as shown in figure.
[AU, May / June – 2011]
4.48) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[ ]
4.49) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[ ]
4.50) Use iterative procedures to determine the first and third Eigen values for the structure
shown in figure. Hence determine the second Eigen value and the natural frequencies
of building. Finally, establish the Eigen vectors and check the rest by applying the
orthogonality properties of Eigen vectors. [AU, May / June – 2013]
5.3) Write down the expression of shape function and temperature function for one
dimensional heat conduction. [AU, May / June – 2011]
5.4) Write down the governing differential equation for the steady state one dimensional
conduction heat transfer. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010, 2012]
5.5) Write down the governing differential equation for a two dimensional steady-state
heat transfer problem. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
5.6) Write down the stiffness matrix equation for one dimensional heat conduction
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
5.7) Sketch a two dimensional differential control element for heat transfer and obtain the
heat diffusion equation. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
5.8) Define element capacitance matrix for unsteady state heat transfer problems.
[AU, May / June – 2013]
5.9) Name a few boundary conditions involved in any heat transfer analysis.
[AU, April / May – 2010]
5.10) Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to thermal problems.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
5.11) Consider a wall of a tank containing a hot liquid at a temperature T0 with an air
stream of temperature Tx passed on the outside, maintaining a wall temperature of TL
at the boundary. Specify the boundary conditions. [AU, April / May – 2009]
5.13) Give the governing equation of torsion problem. [AU, May / June – 2012]
5.14) Write the step by step procedure of solving a torsion problem by finite element
method. [AU, April / May – 2011]
5.15) Outline the step by step procedure of handling torsion problem using the finite
element method. [AU, May / June – 2012]
5.18) List the applications of the potential flow. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
5.19) List the method of describing the motion of fluid. [AU, May / June – 2012]
5.20) State the relation between the velocity of fluid flow and the hydraulic gradient
according to Darcy's law, explaining the terms involved. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
5.21) Define the stream function for a one dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
5.22) Define the stream function for a two dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, May / June – 2013]
Part – B
5.23) Write the mathematical formulation for a steady state heat transfer conduction
problem and derive the stiffness and force matrices for the same.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008]
5.24) Consider a plane wall with uniformly distributed heat source. Obtain the finite
element formulation for the above case based on the stationarity of a functional.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
5.25) Derive a finite element equation for one dimensional heat conduction with free end
convection. [AU, May / June – 2013]
5.26) The temperature at the four corners of a four – noded rectangle are T1, T2 T3 and T4.
Determine the consistent load vector for a 2-D analysis, aimed to determine the
thermal stresses. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, April / May – 2009]
5.27) Derive the stiffness matrix and load vectors for fluid mechanics in two dimensional
finite element. [AU, May / June – 2012]
5.28) Give the one-dimensional formulation for one-dimensional flow and derive the
element stiffness matrix for the flow through a porous medium.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
5.29) In the finite element analysis of a two dimensional flow using triangular elements, the
velocity components u and v are assumed to vary linearly within an element (e) as
5.30) Develop stiffness coefficients due to torsion for a three dimensional beam element.
[AU, April / May – 2009]
5.31) Establish the finite element equations including force matrices for the analysis of two
dimensional steady – state fluid flows through a porous medium using triangular
element. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
5.32) Explain the potential function formulation of finite element equations for ideal flow
problems. [AU, May / June – 2013]
5.33) Find the temperature at a point P(1,1.5) inside the triangular element shown with the
nodal temperatures given as T1 = 400C, TJ = 340C, and TK = 460C. Also determine the
location of the 420C contour line for the triangular element shown in figure below.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
5.34) Obtain the finite element equations for the following element. The thermal
conductivity (k) of the material of the element is 2 W/ mK. The convective heat
transfer coefficient (h) is 3 W/m2K. The ambient temperature (Tf) is 25˚ C. The
thickness (t) of the material is 1mm. Assume convection along the edge ‘jk’ alone.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
5.35) Compute the elemental stress vectors for the following element, assuming plane stress
conditions. The nodal displacements in ‘mm’ [q] = [0 1 1 0 1 1]T. The
temperature increase in the element is 5˚C. Take E = 200 GPa and µ = 0.3. The
thermal coefficient of expansion is 11 * 10-6 /˚C. The thickness of the material is 1
mm. [AU, April / May - 2011]
5.36) Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the thermal force vector for the
axisymmetric triangular element as shown below. The element experiences a 15 0 C
increase in temperature. Take = 10 x 10-6 / 0C, E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and = 0.25
5.37) Determine the temperature and heat fluxes at a location (2, 1) in a square plate as
shown in figure. Draw the isothermal for 125°C. T1 = 100°C, T2 = 150°C, T3 =
200°C, T4 = 50°C [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
5.38) Consider a brick wall of thickness 0.3 m, k = 0.7 W/m˚C. The inner surface is at 28˚C
and the outer surface is exposed to cold air at -15˚C. The heat transfer coefficient
associated with the outside surface is 40 W/m2˚C. Determine the steady state
temperature distribution within the wall and also the heat flux through the wall. Use
two 1D elements and obtain the solution. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2013]
5.39) Consider a brick wall as shown in figure of thickness L = 30cm, K = 0.7 W/m˚C. The
inner surface is at 28˚C and the outer surface is exposed to cold air at -15˚C. The heat
transfer coefficient associated with the outside surface is h = 40 W/m2˚C. Determine
the steady state temperature distribution within the wall and also the heat flux through
the wall. Use a two element model. Assume one dimensional flow.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
5.40) A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure. The outer
temperature is T0 = 20˚C. Convection heat transfer takes place on the inner surface of
the wall with T∞ = 800˚C and h = 25W/m2˚C. Determine the temperature distribution
in the wall. [AU, May / June – 2011]
5.41) A composite wall is made of three different materials. The thermal conductivity of the
various sections are k1 = 2 W/cm ˚C, k2 = 1 W/cm ˚ C, k3 = 0.2 = W/cm ˚C. The
thickness of the wall for the section is 1cm, 5cm and 4cm respectively. Determine the
temperature values of nodal points within the wall. Assume the surface area to unity.
The left edge of the wall is subjected to a temperature of 30˚C and the right side of the
wall is at 10˚C. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
5.42) Figure shows a sandwiched composite wall. Convection heat loss occurs on the left
surface and the temperature on the right surface is constant. Considering a unit area
and with the parameters given, use three linear elements (one for each layer) and
(i) Determine the temperature distribution through the composite wall and
(ii) Calculate the flux on the right surface of the wall. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
5.43) A wall of 0.6m thickness having thermal conductivity of 1.2 W/m-K the wall is to be
insulated with a material of thickness 0.06 m having an average thermal conductivity
of 0.3 W/m-K. The inner surface temp is 1000˚C and outside of the insulation is
exposed to atmospheric air at 30˚C with heat transfer co-efficient of 35 N/m2 K.
Calculate the nodal temperature using FEA. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2011]
5.44) A long bar of rectangular cross section having thermal conductivity of 1.5 W/m˚C is
subjected to the boundary condition as shown below. Two opposite sides are
maintained at uniform temperature of 180 0C. One side is insulated and the remaining
side is subjected to a convection process with T = 85˚C and h = 50 W/m2˚C.
Determine the temperature distribution in the bar.
5.45) The plane wall shown below is 0.5 m thick. The left surface of the wall is maintained
at a constant temperature of 2000C and the right surface is insulated. The thermal
conductivity K = 25 W/MoC and there is a uniform heat generation inside the wall
of Q = 400 W/m3. Determine the temperature distribution through the wall thickness
using linear elements.
5.46) Determine three points on the 50o C contour line for the rectangular element shown in
the figure. The nodal values are i= 42o C, j=54o C, k= 56o C and m= 46o C.
5.47) Compute the steady state temperature distribution for the plate shown in the figure
below. A constant temperature of T0 = 1500 C is maintained along the edge y = w and
all other edges have zero temperature. The thermal conductivities are Kx = Ky = 1.
Assume w = L = 1 and thickness t = 1.
5.50) Calculate the temperature distribution in stainless steel fin shown in figure. The
region can be discretized into five elements and six nodes. [AU, April / May – 2009]
5.51) Calculate the element stiffness matrix and thermal force vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure below. The element experiences a rise of 10 0C.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
5.52) Calculate the temperature at the point for a three noded triangular element as shown
in figure. The nodal values are T1 = 40˚C, T2 = 34˚C and T3 = 46˚C. Point A is
located at (2, 1.5). Assume the temperature is linearly varying in the element. Also
determine the location of 42˚C contour line. [AU, May / June – 2011]
5.53) Determine the element stiffness matrix and the thermal load vector for the plane stress
element shown in figure. The element experiences 20 oC increase in temperature. Take
E = 15e6 N/cm2, = 0.25, t = 0.5 cm and a = 6e - 6/o C. [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.54) The triangular element shown in figure is subjected to a constant pressure 10 N/mm2
along the edge ij. Assume E = 200 Gpa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3 and thickness of the
element = 2 mm. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the material = 2
x10-6/ oC and T = 50o C. Determine the constitutive matrix (stress-strain relationship
matrix D) and the nodal force vector for the element. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.55) Compute the element stiffness matrix and vectors for the element shown in figure
when the edge 2 – 3 and 3 – 1 experience heat loss. [AU, May / June – 2012]
5.56) Compute the element matrices and vectors for the element shown below, when the
edges jk and ik experience convection heat loss.
5.57) Compute element matrices and vectors for the elements shown in figure when the
edge kj experiences convection heat loss. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
5.58) For the smooth pipe of variable cross-section as shown in Figure. Determine the
potentials at the junctions, the velocities in each pipe. The potentials at the left end is
10 m and that at the right end is 2m.The permeability coefficient is 1 m/sec.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
5.59) For the two dimensional sandy soil region as shown in figure. Determine the potential
distribution. The potential (fluid head) on the left side is 10m and on right hand side is
0. The upper and lower edges are impermeable Kxx = 25*10-5 m/s and Kyy = 25*10-5
m/s. Assume unit thickness.
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FORMULA BOOK
Substitute the trial function in differential equation to get the residue function.
Point Collocation Method:
( )
R(x) Residue function
Here the point of x is between these limits. If the limit is 0 to 1
For two unknowns any two point between these limits. For example
x value is x value is
For three unknowns any two point between these limits. For example
∫ ( )
Here the limit should be taken into two intervals. If the limit is 0 to 1
∫ ( )
∫ ( ) ( )
U Strain Energy
H Work Done by External Force
∫ ( )
∫ ( )
E Young’s modulus
I Moment of Inertia
Exact Solution:
SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length
SSB Max Deflection with Point Load at its mid – point of length
SSB Max Bending Moment with Point Load at its mid – point of length
SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at its mid
– point of length
SSB Max Bending Moment with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at
its mid – point of length
( ) ( )
SPRINGS:
The Total Potential Energy of the Beam:
U Strain Energy
H Work Done by External Force
Strain Energy:
k Stiffness of Spring
δ Deflection
Work done by External Force:
Displacement Function:
For 1D linear bar element
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
{ } { }
{ }
{ }
ρ Unit weight density of the element - N/mm3
A Area of the element - mm2
l Length of the element - mm
( )
Area at node 1:
( )
Area at node 3:
[ ] [ ]
{ } { }
{ }
Thermal Strain
For element 1
{ }
Reaction Force:
{ } [ ]{ } { }
{ } Reaction force
{ } Force vector (Global)
[ ] Global stiffness matrix
{ } Displacement matrix
SPRINGS:
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ]
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ]
Length of element 1
√( ) ( )
Stress:
Stress of element 1
[ ]{ }
( )
( )
( )
( )
u4 Displacement at node 4
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ]
1)
( ) ( )
2)
3) ( ) ( )
4)
LOADING
S.No F1 m1 F2 m2
CASE
5)
6)
7)
Area:
| |
Shape Function:
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ] Strain Displacement matrix
[ ] Stress – Strain Relationship matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm2
To Convert Traction Force Into Nodal Force:
( )
Nodal force -N
Surface traction - N / mm2
t Thickness of the element - mm
b Breadth of the element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm2
To Convert Pressure Into Nodal Force:
{ }
{ }
If side j - k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 2 & 3)
{ }
{ }
If side i - j is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 1 & 2)
{ }
{ }
If side i - j is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 2)
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
If side i - k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 3)
{ }
{ }
Force vector -N
Pressure - N / mm2
t Thickness of the element - mm
L Length of the element - mm
Element Stress:
{ } [ ][ ]{ }
{ } [ ][ ]
{ }
Normal stress in x direction - N/mm2
Normal stress in y direction - N/mm2
√( )
√( )
Principle Angle:
Element Strain:
{ } [ ]{ }
{ } [ ]
{ }
Normal strain in x direction - N/mm2
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS:
Initial Strain:
For Plane Stress condition:
{ } { }
{ } ( ){ }
Area:
| |
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
( )( )
[ ]
E Young’s Modulus - N/mm2
γ Poisson’s ratio
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
{ } [ ][ ]
{ }
Radial stress - N/mm2
[ ] [ ] [ ]{ }
{ } { }
Shape Function:
( )
ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENT:
FOUR NODED QUADRILATERAL:
Shape Function:
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
Jacobian Matrix:
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[ ] [ ]
| |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
[ ] [ ]
Stiffness Matrix:
For Isoparametric Quadrilateral Element:
[ ] ∬[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] ∫ ∫ [ ] [ ][ ] | |
( )
( )
( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE:
∫ ( ) ∑ ( )
∫ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Weight function
( ) Values of the function at pre – determined sampling points
Number of
Location Weights
points
xi wi
n
2 √
√
3
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
Frequency of bar - Hz
[ ] Mass matrix
Eigen values
Natural Frequency - rad / sec
TRANSIENT VIBRATION ANALYSIS:
HEAT TRANSFER:
ONE DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER ON WALL:
Global Stiffness Matrix When Wall Subjected To Conduction:
[ ]{ } { }
{ } Force vector (Global)
[ ] Global stiffness matrix
{ } Temperature matrix
[ ] [ ]
[ ]{ } { }
[ [ ] [ ]] { } { }
[ [ ] [ ]] { } { }
( )
A Area of the fin - m2
P Perimeter of the fin -m
k Thermal conductivity of fin - W/mK
l Length of the fin -m
h Heat transfer coefficient - W/m2K
Atmospheric air temperature -K
Q Heat Generation -W
TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER:
Stiffness Matrix When Subjected To Conduction:
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ] Strain Displacement matrix
[ ] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm2
[ ] [ ]
Area:
| |
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
Where
√( ) ( )
√( ) ( )
√( ) ( )
[ ] Strain Displacement matrix
[ ] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm2
l Length of the side subjected to convection -m
h Heat transfer coefficient - W/m2K
Stiffness Matrix When Subjected To Convection:
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ]{ }
[ ] [ ]
For element 1
[ ]{ }
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ] Strain Displacement matrix
[ ] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element -m
Area of the triangular element - m2
[ ] [ ]
Area:
| |
[ ] [ ]
Stiffness Matrix:
[ ] [ ] [ ]
{ } [ ]{ }
[ ] Strain Displacement matrix
p potential matrix - m2/s
Velocity Gradient Matrix:
{ } [ ]{ }
[ ] Material Property matrix - m/s
{ } Gradient matrix
[ ] { }
Area:
| |