SURVEY - STUDENT ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
While the move towards the digital era is being fast-tracked every day,
biometrics technologies have begun to affect people’s daily life. Biometrics
technologies verify individuality through characteristics such as fingerprints,
faces, irises, retinal patterns, palm prints, voice, etc. These methods which use
physical data, are receiving attention as a personal verification method that is
more appropriate than conventional.

MOST EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY TO IMPLEMENT

AUTOMATED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM (RFID BASED
ATTENDANCE SYSTEM)

ASSUMPTIONS:
1.The number of students is not more than 500.
2.Only the attendance of the student will be stored, no real time data and
information about the student’s location will be consider.
3.the number of classrooms are 50.

DETAILING OF RFID BASED ATTENDENCE SYSTEM

Most educational institutions' administrators are concerned about student
irregular attendance. Truancies can affect student overall academic
performance. The conventional method of taking attendance by calling names
or signing on paper is very time consuming and insecure, hence inefficient.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based attendance system is one of the
solutions to address this problem. This system can be used to take attendance
for student in school, college, and university. It also can be used to take
attendance for workers in working places. Its ability to uniquely identify each
person based on their RFID tag type of ID card make the process of taking the
attendance easier, faster and secure as compared to conventional method.
Students or workers only need to place their ID card on the reader and their
attendance will be taken immediately. With real time clock capability of the
system, attendance taken will be more accurate since the time for the
attendance taken will be recorded. The system can be connected to the
computer through RS232 or Universal Serial Bus (USB) port and store the
attendance taken inside database. An alternative way of viewing the recorded
attendance is by using HyperTerminal software. A prototype of the system has
been successfully fabricated.

The aim of this project is to maintain the record of the students’ attendance by
using RFID tags. Each student is issued with his/ her authorized tag, which can
be used for swiping in front of the RFID reader to record their attendance.

In most of the colleges and schools, attendance is recorded manually – such a

process consumes lots of time. In this proposed system, attendance system is
implemented by using advanced wireless technology “RFID”. Only the
authorized students are provided with the RFID tags. This tag consists of an
inbuilt integrated circuit for storing and processing information.
Preset Circuit

The 9th pin of the microcontroller is RST pin, which is reset pin. This preset
circuit comprises a switch, a capacitor of (10u) and a resistor of 10k. When the
switch is pressed, the RST pin is connected to the power supply(Vcc) and the
microcontroller gets reset.

Circuit Diagram of RFID based Attendance System

LCD Display

The LCD display is used for displaying the data. It consists of 16 pins: three pins
are connected to the power supply, and the remaining pins are connected to
the port 2 of the microcontroller.

RFID Reader

The RFID reader is a module with RFID reader and antenna. It is small in size
and integrates with any sort of hardware design. It is used to read the data 
stored in the RFID tags.

Circuit Working
The data stored in this tag is referred to as the identification and attendance of
the person. Once the student places the card in front of the RFID reader, it
reads the data and compares the data stored in the microcontroller which is
programmed by using Embedded C language. If the data matches, then it
 displays the information on the LCD. This RFID attendance system also makes
use of the status button for retrieving the status of students’ attendance,
which is interfaced to the microcontroller. By using this advanced concept, a
lot of time can be saved as all the students’ attendance information is directly
stored in the database.

Disadvantages of RFID Attendance System

RFID is being used actively in retail, healthcare and other sectors to monitor
workers. Since the workers in these sectors are large in number, hard to
handle and their work can be performed by other in case of absenteeism;
there the attendance mechanism is of trivial significance.
In case of educational institutions, where monitoring students’ regularity is of
utmost importance, this attendance management system come in handy but
with some minor drawbacks and pitfalls.
 The System is expensive because a lot of technology goes into making it
 In case of a large strength of students, purchasing tags for everyone is
costly
 Replacing microchip, radio transceiver, antenna and battery in the
system tiresome and costs money
 Since it is not as secure as biometric, the system is prone to
manipulation

Advantages of RFID for Attendance

Tracking
RFID card based time attendance system was an abstract concept that craved
path to biometric fingerprint systems. The latter is a topic of discussion for
another day; this article elaborated how the former can be implemented in
educational institutions to monitor and track students, teachers and staff
whereabouts, their absenteeism and regularity.
 The System provides more accurate identification
 Quick and Rapid: Identifies candidates in seconds
 The System is less tedious, cost-efficient, easy to use, hard to adulterate
and modest
 Educational institutions like schools, colleges and universities can
precisely screen regularity of students, teacher and working staff and
counteract proxy marking and error

RFID Machine: Card and Reader

 A rectangular Plastic Card, sometimes called Tag, and a Reader device are part
and parcel of the RFID machine. The card serves as an identity mark of an
individual and contains essential identification data of a person. The Tag is
incorporated with a chip that stores a unique serial number – EPC – Electronic
Product Code. Every individual is issued a card with a different unique code.
Reader is the brains of the RFID Attendance System as it stores data of every
person in the organisation and only records people’s attendance, for a
respective day, when the Smart Card is displayed or put under it. This is a
wireless system which can be integrated with SMS notification too.

FLOW CHART

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Operations
RFID devices and software are supported by a sophisticated software architecture
that enables the collection and distribution of location based information in near real
time. A complete picture of theRFID attendance system combines the RFID Tags and
readers with access to global standardized database, ensuring real time access to up-
to-date information on the card. The card contains a unique identification number
called an electronic product code (EPC). The RFID tag can be read from a distance
and the embedded electronic information for each card can be over written
repeatedly. This increases technologies like surveillance cameras to be activated in
conjunction with an employee beingin their vicinity. The RFID attendance system is
faster, and does not require line of sight. The RFID system has higher data storage. In
the RFID systems, the transponders are also easy to conceal or incorporate in other
items. For example, in 2009, researchers successfully glued RFID micro transponder
to live ants in order to study their behavior [1]. Furthermore, multiple RFID cards can
beread all at the same time. Information about the employees’ access and
attendance can be stored on thedatabase.

RFID Frequency band

Frequency refers to the size of the radio waves used to communicate between the
RFID system’s components. It can be assumed that higher frequency resulting faster
data transfer rate and longer reading distance. However as frequency increases, the
sensitivity to environmental factor also increases. RFID system currently operates at
Low Frequency, High Frequency and Ultra High Frequency. Generally a lower
frequency means a lower read range and slower data read rate, but increased
capabilities for reading near or on metal or liquid surfaces.
RFIDs are easy to conceal or incorporate in other items. For example, in 2009
researchers at Bristol University successfully glued RFID micro-transponders to live
ants in order to study their behavior [6]. This trend towards increasingly miniaturized
RFIDs is likely to continue as technology advances. Hitachi holds the record for the
smallest RFID chip, at 0.05mm x 0.05mm. This is 1/64th the size of the previous
record holder, the mu-chips. Manufacture is enabled by using the silicon-on-insulator
(SOI) process. These dust-sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-bits read
only memory (ROM) [7]. A major challenge is the attachment of the antennas, thus
limiting read range to only millimeters.

Asset Management and Retail Sales

RFID combined with mobile computing and Web technologies provide a way for
organizations to identify and manage their assets. It was initially introduced to major
retail by Craig Patterson, Knoxville, TN. Mobile computers, with integrated RFID
readers, can now deliver a complete set of tools that eliminate paperwork, give proof
of identification and attendance. Web based management tools allow organizations
to monitor their assets and make management decisions from anywhere in the
world. Web based applications now mean that third parties, such as manufacturers
and contractors can be granted access to update asset data, including for example,
inspection history and transfer documentation online ensuring that the end user
always has accurate, real-time data. Organizations are already using RFID tags
combined with a mobile asset management solution to record and monitor the
location of their assets, their current status, and whether they have been
maintained. RFID is being adopted for item-level retail uses. Aside from efficiency
and product availability gains, the system offers a superior form of electronic article
surveillance (EAS) and a superior self checkout process for consumers. The financial
services technology consortium (FSTC) set a technical standard for tagging
Information Technology assets [21]and other industries have used that standard as a
guideline. For instance the US State Department is now tagging IT assets with passive
RFID using ISO/IEC 18000-6 standard [8].

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMETATION

METHODOLOGY
The method/approach used in achieving this project design include; the designing of a
hardware unit consisting of a motor interfaced with a designed database and graphical
user interface(GUI) that willbe responsible for taking and storing the data received
from the reader. And the software development unit consisting the Microsoft visual
studio, Microsoft .Net framework and Microsoft access. This is done by comparing
the information received from the RFID reader to the information stored in the
database.
The Hardware
The hardware architecture consists of the UME4100 RFID tag, the SEEED 125 KHz
RFID reader, the ATMEL AT89S52 microcontroller, the computer, the door unit, the
power supply unit, the universal serial bus (USB), USB to serial converter, the RS-232
interface, the universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) and the serial data
transmission.The RFID reader in figure 7 uses low frequency band, and practically,
the reading distance between the tag and the reader is about 7cm. The output of this
reader is transmitted serially, and data is transmitted at 9600 baud rates. However,
this reader has been chosen because it has a DB9 female header, which can be used
to connect to the serial port of personal computer, and it can display the unique ID of
the tag in Window operating system. Its applications includes Pet Toys and Access
Control System.
 The SEEED RFID reader [2] (module and antenna)
The figure shows the RFID tags used in this paper. These RFID tags are passive tags
thus it has no internal power supply. These tags activated by radio frequency
transmitted by the reader. The reading distance is about 7 cm. When the RFID reader
receives the data from the tag, the data then will be compared with the data in the
database to identify the holder of the tag.

The UEM4100 RFID tag

This design consists of the RS-232 circuit, the motor circuit and the microcontroller.
The RFID readersends signals to the RS-232 circuit which interfaces with the serial
port. The microcontroller is programmed to receive signals from the RS-232 circuit
and sends signals to control the motor circuit which controls the direction of
movement of the door. The crystal oscillator generates pulses that enable the
microcontroller to execute instructions. The microcontroller codes are written with
assembly language. The motor unit controls the movement of the door. The
microcontroller sends signals to the transistor which acts as a switching device.
These transistors allow current flow into the relay. The RS-232 converts the
transistor-transistor logic data to enables communication with the serial port.

COST TO IMPLEMENT

It depends upon what you we looking for.We are just interested in the
attendance, you can go with traditional RFID attendance system which will
provide us “IN” and “OUT” entries like what we get in corporates. This should
not cost anything more than Rs. 75. Being from the Industry, the following are
the actual costings for the company

 RFID ID Card + Name Printed - Rs. 25

 RFID Contact Less Reader - Rs. 3,700 (one reader for 250 kids)
 Attendance Software - (Complimentary with hardware)

Various Automated Systems are:

A. Fingerprint based Attendance System.
B. Mobile Based Attendance System.
C. RFID based Attendance System.
D. Iris Based Attendance System.
E. Face Recognition based Attendance System.
F. Bluetooth Based Attendance Management system.

A. Fingerprint based Attendance System.

With the introduction of biometric system, things have become more

systematic and hassle free in many walks of life, and maintenance of
attendance is also among one of the positively affect aspects.
Automated fingerprint-based attendance system has replaced the annoying
manual registers in many organizations. Fingerprint attendance
system prevents fraud recording of working hours that employees otherwise
used to do with manual paper attendance system. It also keeps track of the
holidays requested via fingerprint attendance machine.
Fingerprint attendance machine has a reader that scans finger impressions of
employees and determines whether they are identical to the previously stored
records. If they are found identical, the attendance criteria for the verified
employees are maintained accordingly. Attendance system using
fingerprint makes employees punctual.
Advantages:
Accurate Attendance: The main benefits of using biometrics for student
attendance tracking is the accuracy it provides. Educational institutions can
centrally and accurately monitor student attendance to prevent proxy
attendance and errors which are common problems when using traditional
check-in and check-out methods.
Convenience: Biometric student attendance systems provide a convenient way
to check-in and check-out into the system by simply scanning their biometrics.
Since biometric attendance systems are automated and do not require any
technical knowledge, students can check-in or out quickly and easily.
Saves Time: Biometric student attendance management systems cut down the

time to record class attendance. These systems can track student attendance in

mere seconds which saves teachers a lot of time rectifying attendance data

errors from traditional methods.

Increases Efficiency: Biometric systems not only eliminate errors related to

tracking attendance data but also speed up data verification which reduces

administration time and creates efficiencies.

Increases Security and Protects Privacy: In the enrolment process, biometric

systems convert scanned biometric templates to computer code and store the

information in a database for matching and verification, making it virtually

impossible to duplicate the original image for spoofing or fraud purposes.

Biometric student attendance systems use strong encryption methods to

protect a database from being compromised helping to increase security.

Disadvantages
Costly

Biometric systems can be costly to implement, which might exclude many

companies or organizations from implementing it,

Time

Since fingerprint recognition software only reads one section of a person's

finger—it is prone to error. Manually repositioning fingers to get the right
reading can be time-consuming.

False Readings

Biometric systems—especially lower cost systems—are prone to errors,

including failing to identify an authorized person and incorrectly identifying
unauthorized people.

FLOW CHART OF FINGERPRINT BASED ATTENDENCE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Features of Fingerprint Reader / Scanner
 
 A fingerprint reader or scanner, based upon biometric technology, is
endowed with an optical scanner to create the template database using
finger samples of different users.
 LED screen, audio controls and multi-language support are other
dependable features of these devices.
 Intelligent image capture technology to create samples even from dry or
damp fingers.
 Huge database space for storing many fingerprint samples.
 Fast identification and verification process and response time.

Various Machines Available in Market on Fingerprint

Based Attendance Management System
eSSL Identix LX16 Biometric Fingerprints Attendance Machine
(₹2,456)

Brand eSSL
Capacity Fingerprint Capacity: 500

Transactions Capacity: 50000

Voltage 5V
Model Identix
Number of Users 500
Current 800 mA

CP Plus CP-VTA-T2324-U (2287/-)

Brand CP Plus
 Operating Temperature -10 to 48 deg C
Display Resolution 480x320 p
Display Size 4 inch
Capacity Fingerprint: 500

Management Record:1000

Storage:100000
Voltage 5 V DC
Number of Users Fingerprint Capacity: 5

B. Mobile Based Attendance System

The mobile attendance system has been built to eliminate the time and effort
wasted in taking attendances in schools and colleges. It also greatly reduces
the amount of paper resources needed in attendance data management.This is
an android mobile app. It’s built to be used for school/college faculty so that
they may take student attendance on their phones.
The system is divided into following modules:

 Student Attendance List Creation: Once this App is installed on a phone,

a it allows user to create a student attendance sheet consisting of name,
roll number, date, Absent/Present mark and subject. He has to fill
student names along with associated roll numbers.
 Attendance Marking: The faculty has the list on his phone now. He may
see the list call roll numbers and select absent id the student is absent or
select present if student is present.
 Attendance Storage: This data is now stored in the faculty mobile
phone. Faculty may also view it anytime on their phone.
 Attendance sheet transfer: The faculty can transfer the file to a server
(normal computer) via a bluetooth connection where this data can be
stored and maintained by the school or college.

Thus this system automates attendance system and eliminates the use of
paperwork needed for attendance marking and monitoring student
attendance.
ADVANTAGES
 The system eliminates the use of paperwork needed for attendance
marking and monitoring.
 The file can be transferred from mobile to computer or server via
Bluetooth.
 This gives the overall performance of class in attendance.
 There is no need for laptop or computer in every class to run the system
as the system is run on mobile so no need of extra efforts and resources.
 The app is easy to install and use.

DISADVANTAGES
 The system can be run on android platform only. Though most of the
mobiles now are android version and available in reasonable rate so it
won’t be a big issue.

FLOW CHART OF MOBILE BASED ATTENDENCE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
REQUIRMENTS:
Selection of software and language
Front end : VB.NET
Back end : SQL
Server Platform : Windows 8.1
IDE : Visual Studio 2010 Supporting s/w.

Android Selection of hardware

Processor : Intel i5 core
Hard disk : 80 GB
RAM : 4 GB
Other hardware: Android Mobile with Android Apps.

C. RFID based Attendance System

This system can be used to take attendance for student in school, college, and
university. It also can be used to take attendance for workers in working
places. Its ability to uniquely identify each person based on their RFID tag type
of ID card make the process of taking the attendance easier, faster and secure
as compared to conventional method.

The system can be connected to the computer through RS232 or Universal

Serial Bus (USB) port and store the attendance taken inside database. An
alternative way of viewing the recorded attendance is by using HyperTerminal
software. A prototype of the system has been successfully fabricated. Radio
frequency technology is used in many applications. RFID tags are of two types
Passive tags contain 13 digit number tag inbuilt in it, whereas active tags are
read/write tag i.e. one can read from the tag and write to the tag.

RFID Attendance System Price in India

The price of the RFID Attendance machine is relatively low when compared
with the cost of biometric system. EduSys supplies the institutions with the
system, that are capable of storing up to 1,00,000 entries, if the school,
college and university foundations don’t have them in their organisation.

Plan Average
(Months) Cost
$ 90 -
3
100

$ 104 -
6
110

$ 106 -
9
110

$ 106 -
12
113

Component List
 Printing PCB
 ATmega32 Microcontroller
 Crystal Oscillator
 3v Lithium Battery
 DS1307 RTC IC
  MAX232
 ISP CONNECTOR
 RFID Tags
 RFID Reader
 Capacitor
 Voltage Regulator IC 7805
 LED
 Connecting wires
 LCD 16×2
 Resistors

List of Software Used:

 AVR Studio 4
 Hercules v3.2.8
 VP 812
 Proteus ISIS 7 Professional
 Pad2Pad

D. Iris Based Attendance System.

Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses
mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irises of
an individual’s eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be
seen from some distance.
Not to be confused with another, less prevalent, ocular-based technology,
retina scanning, iris recognition uses camera technology with subtle infrared
 illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris.
Digital templates encoded from these patterns by mathematical and statistical
algorithms allow unambiguous positive identification of an individual.
Databases of enrolled templates are searched by matcher engines at speeds
measured in the millions of templates per second per (single-core) CPU, and
with infinitesimally small False Match rates.
Many millions of persons in several countries around the world have been
enrolled in iris recognition systems, for convenience purposes such as
passport-free automated border-crossings, and some national ID systems
based on this technology are being deployed. A key advantage of iris
recognition, besides its speed of matching and its extreme resistance to False
Matches, is the stability of the iris as an internal, protected, yet externally
visible organ of the eye.

Features-Iris Recognition Time Attendance Software

 Rapid and accurate iris identification, proven by NIST IREX.

 Robust recognition, even with gazing-away eyes or narrowed eyelids.
 Original proprietary algorithm solves the limitations and drawbacks of
existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
 The algorithm is able to detect irises under various difficult conditions,
like visual noise, lightning reflections or obstructions in eye images. Gazing-
away eyes and eyes with narrowed eyelids are accepted.
 A number of iris capture cameras and multi-modal face-iris devices are
supported by software.
 Available as multi platform SDK that supports multiple programming
languages.
 Reasonable prices, flexible licensing and free customer support.

Technical Specification-Iris Recognition Time Attendance

Software

Requirements:
 OS requirements (Windows XP/Vista/7 32/64 bit)
 Computer requirements: Pentium and Above.
 Advantages of Iris Recognition Time Attendance Software:

The iris of the eye has been described as the ideal part of the human body for
biometric identification for several reasons:
 It is an internal organ that is well protected against damage and wear by
a highly transparent and sensitive membrane. This distinguishes it from
fingerprints, which can be difficult to recognize after years of certain types of
manual labor.
 The iris is mostly flat, and its geometric configuration is only controlled
by two complementary muscles (the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae)
that control the diameter of the pupil. This makes the iris shape far more
predictable than, for instance, that of the face.
 The iris has a fine texture that—like fingerprints—is determined
randomly during embryonic gestation. Like the fingerprint, it is very hard (if not
impossible) to prove that the iris is unique. However, there are so many factors
that go into the formation of these textures (the iris and fingerprint) that the
chance of false matches for either is extremely low. Even genetically identical
individuals have completely independent iris textures.
 An iris scan is similar to taking a photograph and can be performed from
about 10 cm to a few meters away. There is no need for the person being
identified to touch any equipment that has recently been touched by a
stranger, thereby eliminating an objection that has been raised in some
cultures against fingerprint scanners, where a finger has to touch a surface, or
retinal scanning, where the eye must be brought very close to an eyepiece (like
looking into a microscope).
 While there are some medical and surgical procedures that can affect
the colour and overall shape of the iris, the fine texture remains remarkably
stable over many decades. Some iris identifications have succeeded over a
period of about 30 years.

FLOW CHART
E. Face Recognition based Attendance System.
The most arduous task in any organization is attendance marking. In this
project we proposed an automated attendance management system which
tackles the predicament of recognition of faces in biometric systems subject to
different real time scenarios such as illumination, rotation and scaling. This
model incorporates a camera that captures input image, an algorithm to detect
a face from the input image, encode it and recognize the face and mark the
attendance in database and convert it into PDF file. The camera captures the
image and sends it to the server where faces are recognized and attendance is
calculated on basis of it. We used Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). One
of the most popular and successful "person detectors" out there is the HOG
with LBPH (a type of machine learning algorithm for classification) approach to
recognize HOG descriptors of people.

METHODOLOGY :
The proposed automated attendance management system is based on face
recognition. Using the
camera we will take a picture of the whole classroom, followed by detecting
individual faces in
the image, recognizing the students and then updating their attendance in
database.
An efficient face detection algorithm enhances the performance of face
recognition systems.
Some of the algorithms proposed for face detection are Face geometry based
methods, Feature
Invariant methods, Machine learning based methods. Out of all these methods
we chose Viola
and Jones framework which makes use of Integral Image and AdaBoost
learning algorithm as
classifier that gives better results in different lighting conditions to achieve a
better detection
rates.
Face region is then extracted and pre-processed for further processing. This
pre-processing step
involves with histogram equalization of the extracted face image and is resized.
Histogram
Equalization is the most common Histogram Normalization technique. This
improves the
contrast of the image by making it more clear as it stretches the range of the
intensities in an
image.
As we chose face recognition based system enrollment of every individual is
required i.e. we
have to take the images of individuals in different angles, different expressions
and create a
training dataset which is used by LBPH classifier to recognize individuals. We
need to also set an
ID (it may be a number or the name of the person) for each image, so the
algorithm will use this
information to recognize an input image and gives ID as output.

Advantages of Face Recognition Time Tracking

Time tracking with facial recognition can benefit your company in a number of
ways:

 Automated time tracking system: Automation simplifies time tracking,

and there is no need to have personnel to monitor the system 24 hours
a day. To err is human, and with automated systems, human error is
eliminated. A time and attendance system using facial recognition
technology can accurately report attendance, absence, and overtime
with an identification process that is fast as well as accurate.
 Labor cost savings: Facial recognition software can accurately track time
and attendance without human error. It keeps track of the exact number
of hours an employee is working, which can help save the company
money. You will never have to worry about time fraud or “buddy
punching” with a facial recognition time tracking system.
 Tighter security: Facial biometric time tracking allows you to not only
track employees but also add visitors to the system so they can be
tracked throughout the worksite. Access can be denied to any person
not in the system. If an incident should occur, facial recognition software
can provide evidence for an investigation with a scanned image of a
person or persons who have entered the area.
 Time saving and reduced contagion: When contagious illnesses such as
colds and viruses spread throughout the workforce, it can increase the
incidence of employee absences and significantly reduce productivity.
With facial recognition, employees can enter and leave the facility in
considerably less time. There is no need to touch the surface of the
system to clock in or out. This saves time, as well as minimizing the
spread illnesses due to physical contact.
 Ease of integration: Biometric facial recognition technology can be easily
programmed into your time and attendance system.

DISADVANTAGES:

 Image quality

The quality of the reference image plays an important role in the identification
process. If the resolution of the said image is not high enough, it can cause
cameras to be tricked into believing that the person being scanned is not the
same as in the photo. An easy solution is to ensure that both the reference
images and scanning are performed by similar cameras.

 Storage
Depending on the quality of the input data, a system would need an
appropriate amount of storage. This could be troublesome if the data collected
is of high quality and requires large amounts of storage space especially for
events with a large expected attendance.

 Angles

Many non-premium facial recognition systems cannot account for faces that
are captured at angles other than straight into the capturing camera. The
disadvantage of this is that it makes the attendance marking process slower
and less efficient.

 FLOW CHART:
F. Bluetooth Based Attendance Management system.

Bluetooth Smart is a wireless technology aimed at innovative applications in

the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries.
The technology makes use of electronic tags to facilitate automatic wireless
identification, with a Bluetooth Smart enabled device. We are attempting to
solve the problem of attendance monitoring using a Bluetooth Smart based
system in this paper. This application of Bluetooth Smart to student
attendance improves the time taken during manual attendance and human
errors and provides administrators the statistics of attendance scores for use in
further managerial decisions.

A Bluetooth Smart chip is programmed and configured such that it works in

connection with the Android
application via Bluetooth. Every student is given a specific tag, which can then
be detected by the application via
Bluetooth Low Energy. When he/she attends the lecture, a serial number
(related to each student’s SAP number) of
the tag is associated with the student database entry. Therefore, every time a
student carries his/her card and is
attending the lecture the entries will be entered into the database with the
time stamp as the lecturer moves around
the class and the application detects the tags. Also, the application is
configured to detect tags only within a
particular range in order to avoid detection of tags that are outside the class

Bluetooth Smart technology operates in the same spectrum range (the 2.400
GHz-2.4835 GHz ISM band) as Classic
Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth connects the tag with the mobile device. The
application checks for the validity of
the tag. If the tag is valid, it continues to the database program and then
registers the student’s attendance for the
particular course. If the tag is found to be invalid, the application prov
ides a notification that the tag has not been
registered to any student and the user is required to supply a valid tag.
The professor can use queries provided by the application to obtain more
information about the attendance of a
particular student or the entire class. The professor can grade students based
upon their attendance for a particular
course by entering the specific parameters in the application as specified by
the university and can also generate
reports weekly, monthly or for an entire semester. Additionally, the system can
be used to notify the parents of
defaulting students. The administrator assigns tags to the students and can not
only designate new tags but also
assign an existing tag linked with a particular student to another student.

FLOW CHART

Merits–
•Detection of Remote Devices.
•Broadcast of "Obex Listener" for delivery of objects requests from remote
devices.
•Receipt and storage of objects from remote devices.
 •Data management of received files, extracting the student ID information.
•Comparison of arriving data with previous registration lists.
•Transmission of information to remote devices.
•Receipt of Registration.
•Error Detection.
•Confirmation of error rectification.
•Production of registration lists for Lecture.

Demerits–
•Proxy Attendance
•Persistent problem that needs to be addressed
•Need a robust solution

CONCLUSION
Thus the survey on smart attendance system depicts the use of various
software based or hardware based, barcode based or RFID based, biometric
based or face recognition based techniques which have few advantages as well
as few shortcomings. Many of the existing systems in the literature proposed
the system which requires additional hardware requirement for achieving the
desired results. And the system which do not need additional hardware, do not
give efficient working model as only one attendance at a time can be marked.
Among them the RFID based attendance system is most efficient and least cost
for implement too.

Thus we choose the RFID technology to implement the automated attendance

system.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The All faith and honour to our project coordinator for his grace and
inspiration. We would like to thank all my Friends were always been there to
support us. We sincerely thanks to our project guide and all other staff
members to give us the guidelines for this project.