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EA
Lockdown Period
Open Practice Test Series
(Also useful for Other Exams)
E
EC : ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
AD
Q.1 Consider the following properties of state transition matrix, φ (t). Assuming system matrix A and identity
matrix I, the incorrect expression of the following is
φ(t1)
(a) φ(t1 + t2) = φ(t1) ⋅ φ(t 2) (b) = φ(t1 − t 2 )
φ(t 2 )
0
⋅ I
(c) φ (t ) = Aφ(t )
1 1
(d) ∫ f (t ) = A
−∞
1. (d)
(a), (b), (c) are correct.
SY
s
Q.2 The transfer function is G (s) = . Nyquist plot is
1+ s
Im Im
ω=∞ ω=0
1
(a) Re (b) Re
1 EA ω=0 ω=∞
Im Im
ω=0 ω=∞ 1
(c) Re (d) Re
1 ω=∞ ω=0
E
2. (b)
at ω = 0, G ( j ω) = 0
at ω = ∞, G ( j ω) = 1
AD
60(s + 2)
G(s) =
(s + 3)(s + 4)
The steady state error for input 10u (t) is
10
(a) 1 (b)
11
10
(c) (d) 0
9
4. (b)
Kp = Lt G(s)
s →0
SY
60 × 2
= = 10
3×4
10
ess =
10 + 1
10
=
11
K
EA
Q.5 For G (s) H (s) = 3 , the root locus plot will be
s
Im Im
(a) Re (b) Re
E
AD
Im Im
(c) Re (d) Re
M
5. (b)
1 + GH = s 3 + k = 0
⇒ centroid, –σ = 0
180(2q + 1)
angle of asymptotes =
p − z , q = 0, 1, 2
θ = 60°, 180°, 300°
Q.6 The dominant poles of a control system are located at s = (–1 ± 2j). The damping ratio of the system is
(a) 0.447 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.707 (d) 1
6. (a)
ωn = (−1)2 + (2)2
= 5
ξωn = 1
1
⇒ ξ = = 0.447
5
Q.7 The transfer function of a multi-input, multi-output system with the state representation of
X = AX + Bu,
Y = CX + Du
Where X represent the state, Y the output and U the input vector, will be given by
SY
(a) C (sI – A )–1 B (b) C (sI – A ) –1 B + D
(c) C (sI – A ) B + D (d) C (sI – A ) –1 BD
7. (b)
Q.8 The gain margin of the unity feedback system as shown below is
R(s) + K C(s)
Σ
EA –
s(s + 2.5)
5K
(a) (b) 0
2
(c) 1 (d) ∞
E
8. (d)
−1 ω
∠G ( jω) H ( j ω) = −90 − tan
2.5
AD
∠G ( jω) H ( j ω) = –180 ; at ω = ωp
−1 ω
–180 = −90 − tan
2.5
ω = ∞
No value of ‘ω’ is possible, the polar plot never intersect negative real axis.
GM = ∞
M
Q.9 The unit step response of a second order control system with unity negative feedback is given by
e−1.2t −1 4
c (t) = 1− sin1.6t + tan 3 u(t ) .
0.8
C(s)
The transfer function is
R(s)
0.8 4
(a) (b)
s + s + 0.8
2
s + 2.4s + 4
2
4 4
(c) (d)
s +s+4
2
s + 4s + 2.4
2
9. (b)
e −ξωnt
C (t) = A 1 − sin(ωd t + φ)
1 − ξ2
ξωn = 1.2
1 − ξ2 = 0.8 ⇒ ξ = 0.6
C(s) ωn2
⇒ = 2
R(s) s + 2ξωn s + ωn2
C(s)
SY
4
= 2
R(s) s + 2.4s + 4
10. (b)
E
Q.11 For the system shown below, the gain constant ‘K ’ is such that, for K > 0 the system is stable, then the
AD
1 + 2s
M
11. (0.5)
K
G (s) =
s 2 (s + a)
H (s) = 1 + 2s
K
C(s) G(s) s 2 (s + a)
= =
R(s) 1 + G(s) H (s) K (2s + 1)
1+ 2
s (s + a)
1 + G (s ) H (s ) = s 2 (s
+ a) + 2Ks + K
= s + as2 + 2Ks + K
3
Routh Table
s3 1 2K
2
s a K
2aK − K
s1
a
s K
2aK − K
a > 0 and >0
a
If K > 0; then
2a – 1 > 0
1
a >
SY
2
a > 0.5
Q.12 Consider the block diagram representation of a system shown in the following figure
R + + C
Σ 1 2
– –
EA 1 4
C
The value of is __________.
R
12. 0.117 (0.10 to 0.20)
R + + C
Σ 1 2
E
– –
4
AD
R + C
Σ 1 2/9
–
4
M
R C
Σ 2/9
2 2
C 9 9 2
= = =
R 2 8 17
1+ 4 ⋅ 1+
9 9
C
= 0.117
R
Q.13 The signal flow graph representation of a system is shown in the figure below.
H1 H2
1 1
X R C
C
If H1 = –4, H2 = 4, then = ___________.
R
13. – 0.33 ((–
– 0.40 to – 0.30)
C C/X
=
R R/X
C 1
SY
=
X 1 − (H1 + H 2 ) + H1H 2
R 1(1 − H 2 )
=
X 1 − (H1 + H 2 ) + H1H 2
C 1 1 1
= = =
R 1 − H 2 1 − (4) − 3
C
R
= –0.33
EA
Q.14 For the control system shown below, the value of β to make the damping ratio ξ of the system equal to 0.5
is ____________.
+ + 5
k=2
X(s ) – – s(s + 2) Y(s )
E
βs
AD
Y (s) 10
X (s) = s 2 + s(2 + 5β) + 10
comparing with second order transfer function
M
C(s) ωn2
= 2
R(s) s + 2ξωn s + ωn2
we get,
2ξωn = 2 + 5β and ωn = 10
∵ ξ = 0.5 (given)
∴ 2 × 0.5 × 10 = 2 + 5β
10 − 2
β = = 0.232
5
Q.15 The state variable representation of an LTI system has system matrix A given by
0 1
A=
−2 −4
s2 s
The characteristic equation is given by + + 1 = 0. Then A ′ + B ′ is ___________
A′ B′
SY
2 2
A′ = 2
1
B′ =
2
A′ + B′ = 2.5 EA
Q.16 A control system shown in the figure has input r (t) = (1 + 2t ) u (t). The steady state value of the error of e (t)
is equal to ___________.
Kp = lim G(s) = ∞
s→0
Kv = lim sG(s) = ∞
s→0
1 2
ess = + =0
∞ ∞
ess = 0
M
Q.17 lnMp Vs N graph, where Mp is peak overshoot of an underdamped second order system and N is the
number of cycles completed before reaching steady state is
lnMp lnMp
(a) (b)
N N
lnMp lnMp
SY
(c) (d)
N N
17. (c)
ts settling time 4 ω 2ωn 1 − ξ2
N = = = × d =
T time period oscillation ξωn 2π πξωn
EA
2 1 − ξ2
N =
πξ
πξ 2
⇒ =
1− ξ2 N
−πξ
E
1− ξ2
we know that, Mp = e
−πξ
ln Mp =
1− ξ2
AD
πξ 2
ln Mp = =
1− ξ 2 N
1
ln Mp ∝
N
M
e −2s
Q.18 For a unity feedback control system, the open loop transfer function is given by G(s) = . If the
s(s + p)
system is stable, then the possible value of p is
(a) 1.3 (b) 2.01
(c) 2 (d) 1
18. (b)
1 + G (s) H (s) = 0
e−2s
⇒ 1+ = 0
s(s + p)
⇒ s (s + p) + (1 – 2s) = s2 + s (p – 2) + 1 = 0
Routh Table
s2 1 1
s1 p − 2
s0 1
Thus p > 2
SY
Q.19 If the maximum phase (φm) provided by the compensator is 30° and this is achieved at 3 rad/sec. The
transfer function of the compensator is
1+ s 1 + 3s
(a) (b)
1 + 3s 1+ s
s +1 s+3
(c) (d)
s+3 s +1
19. (c)
EA
−1 1− α
φm = sin = 30°
1+ α
φm = is positive, compensator is lead compensator
1− α 1
=
E
1+ α 2
1
⇒ α =
3
AD
1
Also ωm = = 3
T α
3
⇒ = 3
T 1
⇒ T = 1
1
M
zero is at – = –1
T
1 1
pole is at – = − = −3
αT 1
⋅1
3
s +1
Transfer function =
s+3
–1 –1
Q.20 u 1 s 1 s 1 y
–2
–3
For the above signal flow graph the state equations are given as X = AX + Bu, y = CX, . Then matrix
A is _______.
−2 1 2 1
(a) (b)
−3 0 3 0
0 −2 2 3
(c) 1 −3 (d) 1 0
SY
20. (a)
–1 –1
u 1 X2 s X2 1 X1 s X1 1 y
–2
EA –3
X 1 = –2X 1 + X 2
X 2 = –3X 1 + u
y = x
X 1 −2 1 X 1
=
−3 0 X 2
X2
E
C(s)
Q.21 Determine sensitivity ‘S ’ for overall closed loop transfer function , with respect to forward path transfer
R(s)
function G (s).
AD
+ + C(s)
R(s)
G(s)
–
G(s)
(a) 1 (b)
(1+ G(s))(2 + G(s))
M
G(s) 2
(c) (d)
1+ G(s) 1+ G(s)
21. (b)
C(s) G(s) + 1 1 + G(s)
T (s) = = =
R(s) 1+ (1+ G(s)) ⋅ 1 2 + G(s)
∂T / T ∂T G ∂T G
SGT = = × = ×
∂G / G T ∂G ∂G T
2 + G(s) − 1 − G(s) G(s)
= × × 2 + G(s)
(2 + G(s)) 2 1 + G(s)
G(s)
=
(1+ G(s))(2 + G(s))
Q.22 Consider the unity feedback system which employs rate feedback as shown in the figure.
R + + 1 C
K s(s + a) (s + b)
– –
22. (c)
SY
C(s) K
R(s) = s(s + a)(s + b) + s + K
characteristic equation = s3 + (a + b ) s 2 + (ab + 1) s + K
Routh Table
s3 1 ab + 1
s 2
a +b
(a + b)(ab + 1) − K
K
EA
s1
a +b
s0 K
For oscillations s1 Row must have zero element
(a + b) (ab + 1) = K
E
Also auxiliary equation
A (s) = (a + b)s 2 + K
at s = j ω
AD
(a + b)(−ω 2 ) + K
K (a + b)(ab + 1)
ω2 = =
a+b (a + b)
ω = ( )
ab + 1 rad/sec
M
Q.23 The asymptotic bode magnitude plot of a transfer function is shown in the figure. The gain crossover
frequency is
G( jω)H( jω)
5 dB
–20 dB/dec 20 dB/dec
ω= 1 ω= 2
0 dB
0.1 ω (rad/sec)
–15 dB
23. (c)
The open loop transfer function
K (s + 1)(s + 2)
G (s) H (s) =
2s
Calculation of ‘K ’
5 dB ω = 0.1 = 20 log K – 20log 0.1
K = 0.178
Calculation of ωgc
G (s) H (s) ω = ω = 1
gc
0.178 ω2 + 1 ω2 + 4
= 1
2ω
SY
(ω4 + 5ω2 + 4) = 126.25 ω2
ω4 – 121.25 ω 2 + 4 = 0
or ω = 0.18 rad/sec and 11.22 rad/sec
Q.24 A system has forward path transfer function G (s) and feedback transfer function H (s) given by
5e−4s / 7
(Assume tan θ = θ)
(a) –8 dB (b) 7 dB
(c) –7 dB (d) 8 dB
24. (c)
E
4jω
−
5 ⋅e 7
G( jω) =
(1 + j ω)
AD
7
7π 7 22
⇒ ω = = ×
11 11 7
ωp = 2 rad/sec
5 5 5
G ( jω) = = = = 5
1+ ω 2 1+ 4 5
1
GM = 20log10 G( j ω)
= −20log10 5 = −10log10 5
= –10(log1010 – log10 2)
= –10(1 – 0.3) = –10 × 0.7
≈ –7 dB
K
G(s) =
s + 4s2 + 5s
3
The
. value of K at one of the breakaway or break-in points of the root locus for the above system
(a) 1.667 (b) 0.5
(c) 1 (d) 1.852
25. (d)
CE is s3 + 4s2 + 5s + K = 0
K = –(s3 + 4s2 + 5s)
dK
= –(3s2 + 8s + 5) = 0
SY
ds
(3s2 + 8s + 5) = (s + 1) (s + 1.667) = 0
⇒ s = –1, –1.667
at s = –1, K = 2 and s = –1.667, K = 1.852
C(s)
approximately given by
EA
Q.26 The signal flow graph of a closed loop system is shown in figure, the noise transfer function
N(s) is
1 G1(s)
R(s ) C(s)
–H1(s) H2(s)
E
1
N(s)
1
AD
−1
(b) for G1(s) H1(s) H2(s) >> 1
H2 (s)
1
(c) H (s) H (s) for G1(s) H1(s) H2(s) >> 1
1 2
M
1
(d) G (s)H (s) H (s) for G1(s) H1(s) H2(s) << 1
1 1 2
26. (b)
By putting R (s) = 0
P1 = – H1G1
L1 = – G1H1H2
∆1 = 1
−H1G1
T (s) =
1 + G1 H 2H1
if G1H2H1 >> 1
−H1G1 −1
T (s) = G H H = H (s)
1 2 1 2
C (s) ωn2
Q.27 A second order control system with unify feedback is given by = 2 . One pole (s1) of
R (s) s + 2ξωn s + ωn2
C(s)
transfer function is located as shown. The time at which first undershoot occurs is ________ sec.
R(s)
jω
j5
53.13°
σ
SY
–j5
j5 = jωn
4
EA 4
5
σ
3
53.13°
–j5 3
ξ = cos(53.13°) = 0.6
E
2π
First undershoot occurs at
ωd
2π 2π 2π π
AD
⇒ = = =
ωn 1 − ξ 2
5 1 − (0.6) 2 5 × 0.8 2
t = 1.57 seconds
Q.28 The electrical network of a phase lag compensator is shown below, if R1 = 2R2, the maximum phase lag
provided by circuit is φm. The value of cosφm is _________.
+ +
M
R1
R2
e1 e0
C
– –
1
2
2 α 3 = 3× 1
cosφm = =
1+ α 4 2 3
3
3
cosφm = = 0.866
SY
2
K
Q.29 The root locus branches for the open loop transfer function G(s) = of a unity feedback
s(s + 1)(s + 2)
control system intersects s -plane imaginary axis at ± j ________.
6 −K
s1 0
3
s0 K
AD
⇒ 3s2 + 6 = 0
or s2 = –2
s = ± j 2 = ± j 1.414
Q.30 For the electrical network shown in figure, the state equations are given as
X = AX + Bu
Y = CX
Consider i1 and VC as state variable X1 and X2 respectively, then det[A] is, where det is determinant
1
R L=2H
+
e1 +
– C=1F VC i1 +
– e2
1
–
30. (0.5)
Writing equations
SY
R i1 – VC1 L i1
VC
1
+
e1 +
– VC
1 C +
– e2
–
EA
(
e1 – VC = −R i1 − CVC1
1
)
Ld i1
e2 – VC =
1 dt
On Rearrangement
e1 – VC + Ri1 = RCVC1
1
e2 – VC = Li1
E
e1 VC1 i1
− + = VC1
RC RC C
AD
e2 VC1
− = i1
L L
i1 = X1 and VC = X 2
1
X 1 0 −1/ L X1
= X
X2 1/ C −1/ RC 2
M
−1 −1 1
determinant [A] = 0 × − ×
RC L C
1 1
= =
LC 2 × 1
= 0.5
1 10 ω (rad/sec)
–2
The gain (20log10 G(s) ) is 18 dB and –2 dB at 1 rad/sec and 10 rad/sec respectively. The value of gain at
ω = 5 rad/sec is _________ dB.
SY
∴ the transfer function is
K
G (s) =
s
K K
G (s) = =
jω ω
20log10 G (s) = 20 log10K – 20 log10 ω
at ω = 1
18 = 20 log10 K
EA
K = 1018/20
20log10 G(s) = 20 log101018/20 – 20log 10 5
= 18 – 20log105
= 4.02 dB
X 1 = pX1 + X2 + u
X = −3X + u
2 1
AD
32. (–4)
X 1 p 1 X1 1
=
+ u
X2 −3 0 X2 1
1
M
B = 1
p 1
A =
−3 0
Test matrix [s] = [B : AB ]
1 p + 1
[s] =
1 −3
s = 0, as the system is uncontrollable.
p = –4
Q.33 Consider the following unit step response c (t) of a second order unify feedback control system with
C (s) ωn2
transfer function = 2 . The settling time for 2% tolerance is ________ sec.
R (s) s + 2ξωn s + ωn2
C(t)
1 + 1/e
t
1 sec
SY
33. (4)
−πξ
Mp =
1−ξ2
e = e−1
πξ
⇒ = 1 ...(i)
1 − ξ2
also tp =
π
ωd
= 1 sec
EA
πξ
= 1
1 − ξ2
πξωn
= 1
ωn 1 − ξ 2
E
π
× ξωn = 1
ωd
AD
4 1
ts = = 4 = 4 sec
ξωn ξωn
M