Ch.

1
PROBLEMS
1- The sum of two-point charges is 6 μC. They attract each other with a force of 0.9 N, when
kept 40 cm apart in vacuum. Calculate the charges.

Solution

The two charge are unlike because they attracted

∵ 𝑸𝟏 − 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟔 𝝁𝑪 ∴ 𝑸𝟐 = 𝑸𝟏 − 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑪 Q1 Q2
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑭=𝒌 𝟐 40 cm
𝒓
𝑭 × 𝒓𝟐 𝟎. 𝟗 × (𝟒𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 )𝟐

ed
∴ 𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝒌 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗
∴ 𝑸𝟏 × (𝑸𝟏 − 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐

ay
∴ 𝑸𝟐𝟏 − 𝑸𝟏 (𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) − 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Using law of to solve the roots of quadratic equation i.e. (𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎)
I -S −𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
∴ 𝒂 = 𝟏 , 𝒃 = −𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑸𝟏 = 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 = 𝟖 𝝁𝑪
HT El
𝑸𝟐 = −𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 = −𝟐 𝝁𝑪
2- Two small charged spheres repel each other with a force of 2 × 10−3 N. The charge on one
sphere is twice that on the other. When one of the charges is moved 10 cm away from the
other, the force is 5 × 10−4 N. Calculate the charges and the initial distance between them.
d
Ei

Solution

i) Given the two charge repel, then they are like charges, and the distance between two
charge is (𝒓) ∴ 𝑭𝟏 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑵 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∵ 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟐𝑸𝟐
When the distance between two charge is (𝒓)
.

Q1 Q2
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑭=𝒌 𝟐
Dr

𝒓 r

𝟐𝑸𝟐 × 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟐𝟐
∵ 𝑭𝟏 = 𝒌 = 𝟐 × 𝒌 (𝟏)
𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐
When distance between two like charges is 𝑹 = 𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 then Q1 Q2
the new force is 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑵 r +10 cm

𝟐𝑸𝟐 × 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟐𝟐
∵ 𝑭𝟐 = 𝒌 = 𝟐 × 𝒌 (𝟐)
(𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐 (𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐
Divided the equation 1 and 2 [Eq. (1)/Eq. (2)]
 𝑸𝟐𝟐
(𝟐𝒌 )
𝑭𝟏 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒓𝟐 (𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐
∴ = = = =𝟒
𝑭𝟐 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑸𝟐𝟐 (𝒓)𝟐
(𝟐𝒌 )
(𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐
(𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐 𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎
√ = √𝟒 , ∴ =𝟐 ∴ 𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝒓
(𝒓)𝟐 𝒓
∴ 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎
Then, you can substitute the value of (r) in equation (1) to find the value of the electric charge.
𝑸𝟐𝟐
∵ 𝑭𝟏 = 𝟐 × 𝒌 𝟐
𝒓
𝑸𝟐𝟐

ed
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 −𝟑 𝟗
= 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × ∴ 𝑸𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓
(𝟎. 𝟏)𝟐
∴ 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪

ay
∴ 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟐𝑸𝟐 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪
==============================================
I -S
3- Two identical metal spheres are placed 0.20 m apart. A charge q 1 of 9.0 μC is placed on
one sphere while a charge q2 of −3.0 μC is placed upon the other. (a) What is the force on
each of the spheres? (b) If the two spheres are brought together and touched and then
HT El
returned to their original positions, what will be the force on each sphere?

Solution
d

a) Given 𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒎, 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟗. 𝟎 𝝁𝑪, 𝑸𝟐 = −𝟑. 𝟎 𝝁𝑪 𝑭 =? ?

Ei

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑭=𝒌 Q1 Q2
𝒓𝟐
(𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) × (𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )
𝟗
∴ 𝑭 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝑵
(𝟎. 𝟐)𝟐
.

b) when the two spheres touch each other, the electric charges transferred between them till
Dr

equilibrium and the electric charge on both spheres are have the
Q Q
same value (q)

𝑸𝟏+ 𝑸𝟐 (𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) + (−𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )

∴𝑸= = = 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐
𝒒𝟐 𝟗
(𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )𝟐
∵ 𝑭 = 𝒌 𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝑵
𝒓 (𝟎. 𝟐)𝟐
===========================================================
 4- Three charges lie along the x -axis as in Figure. The positive charge q1 = 15 µC is at x
= 2.0 m, and the positive charge q2 = 6.0 µC is at the origin. Where must a negative
charge q3 be placed on the x-axis so that the resultant electric force on it is zero?
Solution
Given
𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 𝝁𝑪 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝒎 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟎 𝝁𝑪 Q Q3 Q
1
Let (Q3) be kept at a distance x from (Q1) and (r – x) from (Q2) 2
x
∴ 𝐅𝟏𝟑 = 𝐅𝟐𝟑 2.0 - x
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟑 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟔
∴𝒌 = 𝒌 ∴ =
𝒙𝟐 (𝒓 − 𝒙)𝟐 𝒙𝟐 (𝟐. 𝟎 − 𝒙)𝟐
√𝟓 √𝟐 √𝟓 𝐱

ed
= = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖
𝒙 (𝐫 − 𝐱) √𝟐 (𝐫 − 𝐱)
𝟏. 𝟓𝟖 (𝟐 − 𝒙) = 𝒙 ∴ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖 𝒙 = 𝒙

ay
∴ 𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔⁄𝟐. 𝟓𝟖 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒎
The third charge should be placed at a distance of 1.23 m from charge Q1.
I -S
=============================================
5- Charges q1 and q2 lie on the x axis at points x = - a and x = a, respectively, (a) How must
HT El
q1 and q2 be related for the net electrostatic force on charge Q placed at x = a/2, to be zero?

Solution
Given
d

Q1 Q Q2
a/2
Ei

+a
o
-a
𝑸𝟏 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = −𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝑸𝟐 )𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝒂
∴ 𝐅𝟏𝐐 = 𝐅𝟐𝐐
.

𝑸𝟏 𝑸 𝑸𝟐 𝑸 𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
Dr

∴𝒌 =𝒌 ∴ =
𝒂 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
(𝒂 + 𝟐) (𝟐) (𝟐 𝒂) (𝟐 𝒂)
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
= 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟗 × 𝑸𝟐
(𝟑)𝟐 𝟏
==================================================
6- Three-point charges, q1 = 3.0 μC, q2 = 5.0 μC, q3 = 4.0 μC, are Q3
fixed at the corners of a right triangle, as shown in Figure. (a)
Find the resultant force on charge q2 and (b) Find the resultant
force on charge q3. (r12 = 0.40 m and r23 = 0.30m).
Solution
Q1 Q2
 (a)
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑭𝟏𝟐 = 𝒌
(𝒓𝟏𝟐 )𝟐

𝟗
(𝟑. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) × (𝟓. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )
∴ 𝑭𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟒 𝑵
(𝟎. 𝟒)𝟐
∴ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟒 𝑵
Q2
𝑸𝟑 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑭𝟑𝟐 =𝒌
(𝒓𝟐𝟑 )𝟐
(𝟒. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) × (𝟓. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )
∴ 𝑭𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 × = 𝟐. 𝟎 𝑵
(𝟎. 𝟒)𝟐

ed
∴ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝑭𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟎 𝑵

∴ 𝑭 = √𝑭𝟐𝒙 + 𝑭𝟐𝒚 = √(𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟒)𝟐 + (𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝟏 𝑵

ay
(b)
I -S 𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟑 Cos
∵ 𝑭𝟏𝟑 = 𝒌
(𝒓𝟏𝟑 )𝟐
(𝟑. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) × (𝟒. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 )
HT El
𝑭𝟏𝟑 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 ×
(𝟎. 𝟓)𝟐 Q3
Sin
𝑭𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝑵
∴ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭𝟏𝟑 × 𝐬𝐢 𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟖 𝑵
d

𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔 𝑵 Sin =  = 

Ei

Cos  =  = 

∴ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝑭𝟐𝟑 + 𝑭𝟏𝟑 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑵 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔 𝑵
∴ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 𝑵
.

∴ 𝑭 = √𝑭𝟐𝒙 + 𝑭𝟐𝒚 = √(𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔)𝟐 + (𝟐. 𝟐𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝟓 𝑵

Dr

==========================================================
7- Four equal point charges each of 3 mC are placed at the corners of a square of side length
1.0 m. Calculate the electric field at the intersection of the diagonals of the square.

Q Q
Solution

Given
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 = 𝑸𝟑 = 𝑸𝟒 = 𝟑 𝒎𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝒎
𝑄
∵𝐸= 𝑘 2
𝑟 Q
The distance from each charge and the point of intersection of diagonals is Q
𝑳√𝟐 𝟏 × √𝟐
∵𝒓= = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
The electric field from each chare is equal to others, because each one has same charge (Q)
and same distance (r). but the direction of each one is opposite to the faced one. Then they
sum is cancel each other therefore the field at this point is zero
∴ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐 = 𝑬𝟑 = 𝑬𝟒
∴ 𝑬𝟏 + 𝑬𝟐 − 𝑬𝟑 − 𝑬 𝟒 = 𝟎
======================================================
8- Two equal and opposite charges of magnitude 0.2 µC are held 15 cm apart (i) what are
the magnitude and direction of E at the point midway between the charges? (ii) what are
the magnitude and the direction of the force that would act on an electron placed there?

Solution

ed
The direction of electric field of positive charge is
2C E+ -2C
getting outward, but the direction electric field of E-
negative charge is getting into it. Thus, the both field

ay
in the same direction 15 cm

I -S ∵ 𝑬 = 𝑬+ + 𝑬−

|𝑞+ | |𝑞− | |𝑞| 𝟗

(𝟐. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) 𝟔
𝐸 = 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 2 = 2𝑘 2 = 2 × 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
HT El
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 −𝟐
(𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 )
(ii)
𝑭 = 𝑬 × 𝒒 = 𝑬 × (−𝒆) = − 𝟔. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝑵
d

The negative sign indicates the direction of the force is opposite to electric field direction
Ei

(i.e. directed to left)

===================================================
9- Figure shows three particles with charges q1=+2Q, q2=-2Q, and
q3=-4Q, each a distance d from the origin. What net electric
.

field is produced at the origin?

Dr

Solution
Given
∴ 𝒒𝟏 = +𝟐𝑸, 𝒒𝟐 = −𝟐𝑸 , 𝒒𝟑 = −𝟒𝑸 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝒅

𝑸𝟏 𝟐𝑸  Sin 
∵ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝒌 𝟐
=𝒌 𝟐 q3
(𝒓) 𝒅 q1 E1 E3
𝑸𝟐 |−𝟐𝑸| 𝟐𝑸  Sin 
∵ 𝑬𝟐 = 𝒌 = 𝒌 = 𝒌 Cos 
(𝒓)𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝒅𝟐  
o  Cos 
∴ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐  Cos 

𝑸𝟑 |−𝟒𝑸| 𝟒𝑸  Sin 

∵ 𝑬𝟑 = 𝒌 =𝒌 =𝒌 𝟐 q2 E2
(𝒓)𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝒅
 From figure;
∴ 𝑬𝒙 = 𝑬𝟏 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° + 𝑬𝟐 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° + 𝑬𝟑 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎°
∴ 𝑬𝒙 = 𝟐 × 𝑬𝟏 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° + 𝑬𝟑 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎°
𝟐𝑸 𝟒𝑸
∴ 𝑬𝒙 = 𝟐 × 𝒌 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° + 𝒌 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎°
𝒅𝟐 𝒅𝟐
𝑸 𝑸 √𝟑 𝑸
∴ 𝑬𝒙 = (𝟐 × 𝒌 𝟐
+ 𝟐 × 𝒌 𝟐 ) ( ) = 𝟐√𝟑 (𝒌 𝟐 )
𝒅 𝒅 𝟐 𝒅
∴ 𝑬𝒚 = −𝑬𝟏 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° − 𝑬𝟐 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° + 𝑬𝟑 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎°
𝟐𝑸 𝟏 𝟒𝑸 𝟏
∴ 𝑬𝒚 = −𝟐 𝑬𝟏 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° + 𝑬𝟑 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° = −𝟐 × 𝒌 ( ) + (𝒌 )( )

ed
𝒅𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝑸 𝟐𝑸
∴ 𝑬𝒚 = − (𝒌 ) + (𝒌 )=𝟎
𝒅𝟐 𝒅𝟐

ay
====================================
10- In the figure, four charges form the corners of a square and four more charges lie at the
I -S
midpoints of the sides of the square. The distance between adjacent charges on the
perimeter of the square is d. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field at
the center of the square?
HT El

Solution

The electric filed due to charges -5q, +3q, +q, in upper side and
lower side have equal values (they have same distance (r)) but
d

their direction are opposite direction as in figure. Therefore, the

Ei

field exists due to the two charge of (q) and (-2q).

+3 +q -5q
.

q
Dr

+q -2q

+q +3q
-5q

𝑬𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑬+𝒒 + 𝑬−𝟐𝒒

𝟏 𝒒 𝟐𝒒 𝟏 𝟑𝒒
∴𝑬= ( 𝟐 + 𝟐) =
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝒐 𝒅 𝒅 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝒐 𝒅𝟐
Its direction toward the -2q charge (i.e. directed to right direction)
==============================================
11- In the figure, charges Q1=q and Q2= -2q are fixed a distance “d” apart. (i) Find E at points
A, B, and C (b) sketch the electric field lines.

Solution

𝒒 |−𝟐𝒒| 𝒒
𝑬 𝑨 = 𝑬𝟏 − 𝑬𝟐 = 𝒌 𝟐
−𝒌 𝟐
=𝒌 𝟐
𝒅 (𝟐𝒅) 𝟐𝒅

ed
Toward the negative direction of X-axis

ay
𝒒 |−𝟐𝒒| 𝟒 × 𝟑𝒒 𝒒
𝑬𝑩 = 𝑬𝟏 + 𝑬𝟐 = 𝒌 𝟐
−𝒌 𝟐 =𝒌 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐 𝒌 𝟐
(𝒅/𝟐) 𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
(𝟐 )
I -S
Right from B (Toward the positive direction of X-axis

Left from C
HT El
|−𝟐𝒒| 𝒒 𝒒 𝟏 𝟕 𝒒
𝑬𝒄 = 𝑬𝟐 − 𝑬𝟏 = 𝒌 𝟐
−𝒌 𝟐
= 𝑬𝑪 = 𝒌 𝟐 (𝟐 − ) = ( ) 𝒌 𝟐
(𝒅) (𝟐𝒅) 𝒅 𝟒 𝟒 𝒅
=================================
d

12- In Fig., the four particles are fixed in place and have charges q1 = q2 =+5e,
q3 =+3e, and q4 =-12e. Distance d = 5.0 mm. What is the magnitude of the
Ei

net electric field at point P due to the particles?

Solution
Given
.

∴ 𝒒𝟏 = 𝒒𝟐 = +𝟓𝒆 , 𝒒𝟑 = +𝟑𝒆 , 𝒒𝟒 = −𝟏𝟐𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒎𝒎

Dr

𝒒𝟏 𝟓𝒆
∵ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐 = 𝒌 = 𝒌
(𝒅)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓)𝟐 q4
𝒒𝟑 𝟑𝒆 E4
∵ 𝑬𝟑 = 𝒌 = 𝒌 = d
(𝒅)𝟐 (𝒅)𝟐
𝒒𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝒆 𝟑𝒆 q3
∵ 𝑬𝟒 = 𝒌 𝟐
=𝒌 𝟐
= 𝒌 E3
(𝟐𝒅) 𝟒(𝒅) (𝒅)𝟐
From fig. d d d
𝑬𝒙 = 𝑬𝟏 − 𝑬𝟐 = 𝟎 q1 E1 E2 q2

Because E1 and E2 have same magnitude and opposite direction

𝟑𝒆 𝟑𝒆
𝑬𝒚 = 𝑬𝟒 − 𝑬𝟑 = 𝒌 − 𝒌 = 𝟎
(𝒅)𝟐 (𝒅)𝟐
Also, the E3 and E4 have the same magnitude and have opposite directions

13- At which points is the net electric field due to these two charges is zero?

Solution

∵ 𝑬𝟏 − 𝑬𝟐 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐
𝟖𝒒 𝟐𝒒 𝟒 𝟏
𝒌 𝟐
=𝒌 𝟐 ∴ 𝟐
= 𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝑳) 𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝑳) 𝒙

ed
Take the square root of both sides
𝟐 𝟏
∴ = ∴ 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝑳

ay
(𝒙 + 𝑳) 𝒙
∴𝒙=𝑳
I -S
The electric field is equal zero at point 2L from the charge (8q) at the origin point.
============================================
HT El
14- An electron is accelerated eastward at 𝟏. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 by an electric field. Determine
the magnitude and direction of the electric field.

Solution
d

∵ 𝑬 =? 𝒒 = 𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Ei

∵ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒆 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭 = 𝑬 × 𝒒
𝒂 × 𝒎𝒆
∴ 𝑬 × 𝒒 = 𝒎𝒆 × 𝒂 ∴𝑬=
𝒒
.

𝟏. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 × 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟏
Dr

∴𝑬= = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝑵/𝑪

𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
================================================
15- An electric dipole of charges 2 × 10−6 C, −2 × 10−6 C are separated by a distance 1 cm.
Calculate the electric field due to dipole at a point on its. (i) axial line 1 m from its center
(ii) equatorial line 1 m from its center.

Solution
Given
∴ 𝒒 = ±𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 , 𝒅 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒁 = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝑪. 𝒎
∴ 𝒑 = 𝒒 × 𝒅 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 × 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝑪. 𝒎
(i) The electric field at its central axial
 𝑷 𝟗
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖
𝑬𝒅𝒊𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 = 𝟐𝒌 = 𝟐 × (𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 ) × = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
𝒛𝟑 𝟏𝟑
(ii) The electric field at its equatorial line (𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝒎)
𝑷 𝟗
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖
𝑬𝒅𝒊𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 = 𝒌 = (𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 ) × = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
𝒓𝟑 𝟏𝟑
16- A neutral water molecule (H2O) in its vapor state has an electric dipole moment of
magnitude 6.2×10-30 C/m.(i) How far apart are the molecule’s centers of positive and
negative charge? (ii) If the molecule is placed in an electric field of 1.5 ×104 N/C, what
maximum force act on each charge?

Solution

ed
Given
∴ 𝑷 = 𝟔. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟎 𝑪. 𝒎 , (𝒊) 𝒅 =? ? 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝒊𝒊) 𝑭 =? ? ? 𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑵/𝑪

ay
Water molecule has equal and opposite charges (±𝒒 = 𝟐𝒆)
∴ 𝒑 = 𝒒 × 𝒅 = 𝟐𝒆 × 𝒅 =

𝒅=
I -S
𝑷
=
𝟔. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝒆 𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 𝒎

𝑭 𝑭
HT El
𝑬𝒅𝒊𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 = =
𝒒 𝟐𝒆
∵ 𝑭 = 𝑬𝒅𝒊𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 × 𝟐𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 × 𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝑵
𝑭 = 𝟒. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓 𝑵
d

===========================
Ei

17- In Fig shows charged particles on an x axis: -q =-3.2 ×10-19 C at x= -3.0 m

and q= 3.20×10-19 C at x =+3.00 m. What are the (a) magnitude and direction
of the net electric field produced at point P at y =4.00 m?
.

Solution
Given
Dr

∴ 𝒒 = ±𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝑪. 𝒎 , 𝒙 = ±𝟑 𝒄𝒎, 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒄𝒎

𝒓 = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = √𝟑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝒒 𝟗
𝟑. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 E- Sin 
∴ 𝑬+ = 𝑬− = 𝒌 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 × E-
𝒓𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟐
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑵/𝑪
P  E- Cos 
∴ 𝑬𝒚 = (𝑬+ 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝛝)−(𝑬− 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝛝) = 𝟎  E+ Cos 

∴ 𝑬𝒙 = (𝑬+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛝)+(𝑬− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛝) = 𝟐(𝑬+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛝) r=5 cm

E+ Sin 
𝟑 E+
∴ 𝑬𝒙 = 𝟐(𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ). ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑵/𝑪 
4 cm
𝟓
-q 3 cm 3 cm q
18. The Figure shows two parallel nonconducting rings with
their central axes along a common line. Ring 1 has uniform
charge Q1 and radius R; ring 2 has uniform charge Q2 and
the same radius R. The rings are separated by distance
d=3R.The net electric field at point P on the common line, at
distance R from ring1, is zero. What is What is the ratio Q1/Q

ed
Solution

ay
Given

𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟏 ; 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 = 𝑸𝟏
I -S 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒖𝒊𝒔 = 𝑹 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙=𝑹
𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟐 ; 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 = 𝑸𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒖𝒊𝒔 = 𝑹 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = 𝟐𝑹
𝒅 = 𝟑𝑹 𝑸𝟏 ⁄𝑸𝟐 =? ?
HT El

𝒙𝑸
∵𝑬=𝒌 𝟑
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 )𝟐
d

∵ ∑𝑬 = 𝟎
Ei

𝑹 𝑸𝟏 𝑹 𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟏
∵ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝒌 𝟑 =𝒌 𝟑 =𝒌×
𝟐𝟑⁄𝟐× 𝑹𝟐
(𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝟐 ) 𝟐 (𝟐𝑹)𝟐×𝟐
.
Dr

𝟐𝑹 𝑸𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑸𝟐 𝟐𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑬𝟐 = 𝒌 𝟑 =𝒌 𝟑 =𝒌×
𝟓𝟑⁄𝟐× 𝑹𝟐
(𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝟐 )𝟐 (𝟓𝑹𝟐 )𝟐
∴ 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐
𝑸𝟏 𝟐𝑸𝟐
𝒌× = 𝒌 × 𝟑⁄𝟐
𝟐𝟑⁄𝟐 ×𝑹 𝟐 𝟓 × 𝑹𝟐
𝑸𝟏 𝟐𝑸𝟐
𝟑⁄𝟐
= 𝟑⁄𝟐
𝟐 𝟓
𝑸𝟏 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟑⁄𝟐
= = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟔
𝑸𝟐 𝟓𝟑⁄𝟐