Vents:

The primary purpose of a vent system, as defined by Code, is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a
circulation of air within the drainage system.

Vent opening shall terminate not less than 3.0 m from any window, door or any opening.

The prescribed distance of vent from trap seal in plumbing installation is 1.5m.

If the vent is near any door, window, air shall or scuttle of a building, it should be extended over the
highest opening by these much 3 ft.

Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air
to the building.

The best material for vent pipes in an acid waste system is plastic.

A vent in a combustion waste and vent system shall be approximately equal in area to one half. Cross
section area of the draw pipe.

Vents required, each CW & VS in any branch more than 4.6 m in length, series of three water closets
and in front of the highest fixture connection on a horizontal branch.

Exhaust pipe – the vent pipe installation in the building which has no connection whatsoever with the
plumbing fixture.

Assuming the waste pipe of a fixture is 50 mm, what should be the size of its vent pipe? 32mm

Types of Vents:

*Yoke vent

Yoke vent – the primary purpose of this vent is to prevent pressure changes in the stacks.

– a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below horizontal
connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor.

– a type of vent applied on installations with multi–branch interval where the vertical vent
pipe takes off in front of the first fixture and connects to a main vent stack.

The size of the yoke or by pass vent for a high rise building equal size of the main vent.

A type of fitting for yoke vent is wye fitting.

Yoke vent connection with vent stack shall have a minimum distance above the finish floor level of not
less than 1 meter.

Bench Yoke Vise – Yoke and base are made of strong, dependable iron. It has hardened ally steel jaws
and convenient pipe rest and bender.
*Circuit vent

Circuit vent – it is a drain from two or three fixtures connected to a single trap.

– type of vent is used in conjunction with loop vent.

– a vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil or waste branch at appoint downstream of

the last fixture connection

– it is permitted that a branch soil or waste pipe to which two and more than 8 water closets,
pedestal urinals, trap standard, slop sinks, or shower stalls are connected in a series.

– a vent used in a battery of plumbing fixtures where the vent is installed in front of the last
fixture of the battery.

A circuit vent may vent up to 8.

*Loop vent

Loop vent – is the same as circuit vent except that it loops back and connect with a stack vent instead of
a vent stack.

*Local vent

Local vent – the pipe or shaft which is used to remove foul or congested air from a fixture or a room and
convey the same to the atmosphere.

– the type of fire line installation has become obsolete and seldom installed.

*Wet vent

Wet vent – the vent pipe system on plumbing in which liquid waste flow through.

– a vent which also serve as a drain.

– defined by code In which a vent pipe receives nota from a shower.

The minimum sized pipe that you can use for a wet vent is 2 inches.

*Dry vent

Dry vent – a vent that does not serve as drain and is located where it is not exposed to back up of waste
from a drainage pipe.

– a vent that does not carry liquid or waterborne waste.

*Relief vent

Relief vent – the vent pipe in plumbing that serve the building drain and building sewer.

The size of relief vent on a circuit vented soil branch installation of plumbing fixtures is ½ time the
diameter of the soil pipe.

*Unit vent

Unit vent – a vent for a single fixtures or battery fixtures which is connected into the same stack, is not
which the fixtures discharge.

– that system of arrangement of venting so installed that one vent will serve two traps.

*Stack vent

Stack vent – the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the
stack.

Stack vent thru roof – the pipe extension of a solid or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack.

*Continuous vent

Continuous vent – a vertical vent that is continuation of drain to which it connects.

*Common vent

Common vent – a vent connecting at the junction of two fixtures drains and serving as a vent for both
fixtures a single vent that ventilates multiples traps, in the case of back to back fixture.

*Main vent

Main vent – the ventilation method whose primary purpose NOT to protect trap against back pressure
and siphonage.

– the principal artery of the system where branches are connected.

*Group vent

Group vent – a branch vent that performs its function for two or more traps.
*Individual vent

Individual vent – also known as revent and back vent.

– a pipe installed to vent, a fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above
the fixture served or terminates in the open air.

The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than 32 mm or less in size than ½ the diameter of the
drain to which it is connected.

When you install an individual vent, how many inches must the venting piping rise above the fixture
flood rim before it changes direction? 6 inches

*Dual vent

Dual vent – also known as common and unit vent.

*Auxiliary vent

Auxiliary vent – also known as relief vent and yoke vent.

*Back vent

Back vent – a vent line which connects directly with an individual trap underneath or behind the fixture
and extends to the branch or main vent pipe at any point higher than the fixture or fixture traps it
serves.

*Branch vent

Branch vent – a horizontal vent connecting one or individual vertical back vents with the vent stack or
stack vent.

*Individual vent

Individual vent – is a pipe installed to vent fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above
the fixture served or terminates in the open air.

Diameter of an individual vent shall not less than 32 mm nor less than one–half the diameter of the
drain it connects.

Joints:
Ball Joint:
Ball Joint – the pipe connection in which a ball is held in a cup–like that allows movement in every
direction.

Brazing Joint:

Brazing Joint – any joint obtained by metal parts with alloys which melt at temperature higher than 449
degrees Celsius, but lower than the melting temperature of the parts to be joined.

Caulk Joint:

Caulk joint shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and poured with pure lead with a depth of 25mm
(1inch) on lead over oakum.

The explosion of molten lead when pouring into the hub of G.I. pipe when preparing a caulk joint is
caused by wet and watery hub end.

The type of adhesive is used to caulk around wet surfaces is Silicone.

In making vertical caulked joint on a 4–inch cast iron soil pipe, oakum must first be firmly packed in the
joint. The depth of lead, according to Code, must be at least 1 inch.

All joints are suitably grouted and firmly packed with oakum or old hemp rope. They are soaked in tar to
be water tight and well secured with pure lead not less than 25 mm deep. Well calked or filled with
cement mortar.

Threaded joint:

Machine Lubricating Oil should be used for lubricating during the threading process.

What type of end connections which are used for valves smaller than 2 inches in diameter? Threaded

The effective thread length of a 3 inches diameter screwed steel pipe is 1 ½ inches.

The number of threads per 25.4 mm for a 51 mm pipe and 38 mm cleanout is 11–1/2.

The number of threads per 25.4 mm for a 76 mm pipe and 64 mm cleanout is 8.

When threading steel pipe with a hand threader, how often do you apply oil to the pipe dies? Every two
or three downward strokes of the die handle.

What is the purpose of oiling while threading the steel pipe? Prevents the dice and threads from
overheating and becoming damaged.

When threading a fitting on a pipe, what happens if you overtighten a fitting? The fitting stretches and
the joint leaks.

Threaded joint is not allowed in cast iron pipe.

Expansion Joint:

Expansion joints – a kind of joints that shall be accessible except for vent and stacks, and is used in soil
and waste stacks to provide for necessary contraction joints of the pipes for high rise buildings.

Expansion joints shall be acceptable except in piping for: steam

Soldering joint:

Soldering – a pipe joint obtaining by jointing metal parts with metallic mixtures which melts at a
temperature below 427 degrees Celsius and 149 degrees Celsius.

The best for brazing/soldering joints is 95–5 tin antimony.

When soldering copper gutters, the flux that is generally used is resin.

What preparation must you make to produce a good bond between the base metal and the solder in a
copper soldered joint? The metal surfaces must be perfectly clean at the joint.

How much solder is needed to solder a ½ inch connection? ½ inch

To solder copper joints in a water distribution piping, you must not use solder containing more than 0.2
percent lead.

Flared joint:

Flared joint – type of joints for soft copper water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting approved
standards. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool.

Ferruled joint:

What action creates a watertight and airtight seal on a ferruled joint? Tighten the nut which crimps the
ferrule into the tubing and against the fitting.

Screwed joint:

The use of compound in screw joint, a dope may apply by plumber to make it permanent.

Screwed joint type is commonly used on galvanized steel pipe.

When making screwed joints in a potable water system, apply sealing compound on male thread only.

In screwed connection, always begin to screw by hand and make sure the fitting turns readily after the
length of approximately by 3 threads.

Fittings on screwed pipe joints shall be of the recessed drainage type.

Teflon tape – the material applied to a thread of pipe to compensate for workmanship in a screwed
joint.

The proper way to wind a Teflon on a pipe thread is to clockwise with the pipe facing you.

Copper joint:

To repair a leaking DMV copper joint, you should cut and unscrew at the joint.

Cement joint:

When cement mortar joints are permitted by Code, the mortar mix must be composed of 1 part cement
and 2 parts sand.

Swing joint:

According to Code, swing joints may be used when necessary to provide for expansion end contraction
of the pipe, the end must be accessible.

Slip Joint:

Slip joint – an adjustable tubing connection, consisting of a compression nut, a friction ring, and a
compression washer, designed to fit a threaded adapter fitting or a standard taper pipe thread.

Roof Joint:

Roof joint shall be water tight.

Welded Joint or seam:

Welded Joint or seam – any joint or seam obtained by the joining of metals parts in a plastic molten
state.

Traps:
Trap – the fittings so installed in plumbing system to prevent passage of air, gas and some vermin
through the pipe.

The code defines a trap as a fitting or device designed to prevent sewer gases from entering the
building.
Trap Arm – that portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent.

Tailpiece – the pipe or tubing that connects the outlet of a plumbing fixture to the trap.

Dip – the lowest portion of the inside top surface of the channel through trap.

The distance between trap and vent should not more than 5 ft.

The minimum distance between the dip and crown weir of trap is trap seal.

The water depth of a common seal trap is 2 inches.

The references in measuring the depth of a trap seal of the trap is the crown weir to top dip.

The maximum trap loading for a 2-inch trap is 4 units.

The maximum trap loading for a 3–inch trap is 6 units.

The maximum trap loading for a 4–inch diameter pipe shall be 8 DFU.

Trap size of fixtures for Combination Fixture is 1 ½ inches.

Trap size of fixtures for Fountain cupsiders is 1 ¼ inches.

Trap sizes shall not be increased to a point where the fixture discharge may be inadequate to maintain
their self–scouting properties. True

How many single compartment fixtures of sink, lavatory or laundry tubs that can be connected to a
single trap? 3

What is the size of trap used with the pop-up drain tailpiece? 1 ¼ inches

Grease Trap:

Grease Trap – the trap provision required to restaurant and other establishment where sewage covers
large amount of grease prior to discharge to sewer.

Grease Basin – is a device used in kitchen serving hotels, dining rooms, clubhouses and restaurant.

Each grease trap shall have an approved water seal of not less than 51 mm in depth or the diameter of
its outlet, whichever is greater.

The require minimum height from cover of grease trap to the bottom of fixtures served is 89mm.

The trap and trap arm size of an interceptor for grease, oil and etc. shall be 51mm.

Except when specially approved by the administrative, grease trap shall be installed for a facility that has
approved rater flow of not less than 1.3 lps and more than 3.4 lps.

Flow control devices – it shall be designed that the flow through such device or devices shall at no time
be greater than the rated capacity of the grease trap.
An approved type grease trap may be used as a fixture outlet and the grease trap for a single fixture
when the horizontal distance between the fixture outlet and the grease trap does not exceed 1.2m and
the vertical tailpipe or drain does not exceed 0.75m.

Slaughter houses and packing establishment from which considered amount of grease and hair feathers
are likely to be discharge into the plumbing system shall be connected grease interceptor through
screening device.

No water jacketed grease trap or grease interceptor shall be approved or installed. True

A grease trap is not required for an individual dwelling unit.

Grease trap shall be required in an establishment except private livings quarters.

Grease can never be disposed in the kitchen sink.

What is the correct method of disposal for discarded grease, fats and oil? Throw away into garbage

Drum Trap:

Drum Trap – a cylindrical trap commonly used on the drain pipes of bathtubs and bidet.

Air Trap:

Air trap – a U–shaped pipe filled with water and located beneath the plumbing fixtures to form a seal
against the passages of gases and odors.

P – trap:

All toilets should have a P – trap.

Loss of Trap Seals:

Siphonage – it is a loss trap seal due to unequal atmospheric pressure condition and due to rapid flows
of water thru the trap.

Capillary Attraction – it is a loss of trap seal due to suspension of foreign object such as string rugs or lint
into the trap seal extending over the outlet arm of the trap.