MID TERM EXAMINATION (JUNE-DEC 2010)

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION (EC-702)

Time: 3 Hrs. Max Marks 100

***All questions carry equal marks. Internal Options are given in the questions***

1.(A) Explain a strict correlation between FT-DSP & FT-Antenna synthesis. Explain Fourier
Transform method for antenna synthesis both line-source and linear array case. Give salient
features regarding Gibb’s phenomenon.
(B) Determine the current distribution & approximate radiation pattern of a line-source placed
along the z-axis whose desired radiation pattern is symmetrical about θ = π / 2 and sectoral
pattern is given by (Use L=5 λ and 10 λ )
1 60 0 ≤ θ ≤ 120 0
SF (θ ) = 
0 elsewhere
OR
1.(A) Design a Taylor (Tschebycheff error) line source with -20 dB side-lobe level and n =10. Find
the HPBW & plot the normalized current distribution & the reconstructed pattern when L=10
λ . Write the steps involved and give the significant conclusion.
(B) Explain Schelkunoff Polynomial method for pattern synthesis. Draw the visible regions for
different uniform progressive phase shifts of α =0, π / 4 & π / 2 . The spacing ‘d’ may assume
values of λ / 8 , λ / 4 , λ / 2 & 3λ / 4 . Give the significant conclusion.

2.(A) Design a broadside three element, -26dB side lobe level Dolph-Tschebyscheff array of isotropic
sources placed along the z-axis. For this design calculate
a) Normalized excitation coefficients d) Maxima when d = λ / 2
b) Array factor e) Beamwidth when d = λ / 2
c) Nulls when d = λ / 2 f) Directivity when d = λ / 2
(B) Derive a relationship for the directivities of both Broadside and End-fire array case.
OR
2.(A) Five isotropic sources are placed symmetrically along the z-axis, each separated from its
neighbor by an electrical distance βd = 5π / 4 . For a binomial array, find excitation
coefficients, array factor and angles (in deg.) where nulls occur (if any).
(B) Design a four-element ordinary end-fire array with the elements placed along z-axis a
distance d = λ / 2 apart. Derive and calculate the
a) Progressive phase excitation d) BWFN (in deg)
b) Angles (in deg) where nulls occur e) directivity (in dB)
c) angles (in deg) where maxima occurs

3.(A) An antenna with a radiation resistance of 48 Ω , a loss resistance of 2 Ω & a reactance of 50 Ω is

connected to a generator with open circuit voltage of 10V & internal impedance of 50 Ω via a
λ / 4 long transmission line with characteristics impedance of 100 Ω .
a) Draw the equivalent circuit
b) Determine the power supplied by the generator
c) Determine the power radiated by the antenna
 (B) A λ / 2 dipole situated with its center at the origin radiates a time-averaged power of 600 W at a
frequency of 300 MHz. A second dipole is placed with its center at a point P(r, θ , φ ), where r =
200m, θ = π / 2 , φ =40. It is oriented so that its axis is parallel to that of transmitting antenna.
What is available power at the terminals of the second (receiving) dipole?
OR
3.(A) The radiation intensity of an antenna can be approximated by
cos 4 θ 00 ≤ θ ≤ 900
U (θ , φ ) =  with 0 0 ≤ φ ≤ 360 0
 0 90 0
≤ θ ≤ 180 0

Determine the maximum effective aperture (in sq.m.) of the antenna if operating frequency f =
10GHz.
(B) The current distribution on a terminated and matched long linear (traveling wave) antenna of
length l, positioned along z-axis and fed at its one end, is given by
I = aˆ z I 0 e − jβz
where I 0 is a constant. Derive expressions for the
a) far-zone spherical electrical and magnetic field components
b) radiation power density

4.(A) Explain the retarded potential. Obtain the radiation field of a half-wave dipole in free space
stating the approximations made.
(B) How sampling is performed in Woodward-Lawson method for antenna synthesis? Explain
strictly in accordance with line-source and linear array case.
OR
4.(A) Derive expressions for electric and magnetic fields of a small current element.
(B) Explain in brief about Triangular, Cosine and Cosine-Squared Amplitude distributions

5.(A) State and explain the rule of pattern multiplication. Give necessary examples to support the
theory.
(B) Explain the working of a parabolic reflector antenna giving types of common feeds. A parabolic
reflector has foresight diameter equal to 4 wavelength and focal length equal to 2 wavelength.
Determine the maximum Beamwidth between the nulls of antenna to avoid spill over from
reflector. Neglect side-lobes of feed systems.
OR
5.(A) Explain broadside and end-fire array of two driven λ / 2 dipoles. State the principle used.
(B) State the characteristics and design equations for LPDA. Design a pyramidal horn antenna with
optimum gain at a frequency of 10 GHz. The overall length of the antenna from the imaginary
vertex of the horn to the center of the aperture is 10 λ and is nearly the same in both planes.
Determine the-
a) Aperture dimension of the horn (in cm)
b) Gain of the antenna

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