YEAR:

COURSE:
the different sounds

vowels:

/a/

/è/

/*/

/ö/

/é/

/i/,

/o/

/oy/

/ay/,

/ou/

/ow/
 consonants

/b/

/d/

/f/

/g/

/k/
/p/
/kv/

/s/

/z/

/š/

/t/

/y/
/pause/ -

/th/

/v/
/:/ makes the vowel longer
Article

an article is a small word that tells

you how many units of noun there
are, and what gender the noun is.
Numbers and portions can be used a
articles.

Some languages do not use articles

with the noun (it is implied).

1 = number,
1. = ordinal number
(an ordinal number indicates a positi
A noun

A noun is a word to name a person, a

place or thing.

If the spelling of a noun changes because

of its position in the sentence, this is
called declension. Students also need to
check the gender and the plural form of
their nouns.

Common nouns are the names for things

we can see and touch. Abstract nouns are
the names for things we cannot see and
touch.

Proper nouns are the special names, used

for a person, a place or a thing. A proper
noun starts with a capital letter.
Pronoun

a pronoun is a word that can take the

place of a noun. Some languages do
not write down personal pronouns
(they are implied)

"Thing" and "person" and "location"

are not exactly pronouns because
they need an article you can use
them to replace a noun if you can't
remember its name but do not forget
Adjectives

an adjective is a word that describes a

noun or a pronoun. It can also describe
who the noun or the pronoun belongs to
or how many there are. Students need
to check the position of the adjective,
whether there is a declension or
adjustment to gender or plural.
Verb

A verb is a word that is used to tell

what a person or thing does. Verbs
change according to who is involved.
Verbs change according to when they
take place. Action verbs involve
movement - inanimate objects do not
require an action verb.

TO BE on its own provides no action to

a sentence: the subject complement re-
identifies the subject; the adjective
complement modifies it.
Adverb

An adverb is a word that describes a

verb. Usually it describes how,
where, when or how often it
happens. The spelling of an adverb
never changes.
Preposition

A preposition is a word that links one

noun or a pronoun to another one.
Prepositions often describe where
someone or something is, or where it is
moving towards, or where it is moving
towards.

Or

a particle that you can find after a verb

that changes its meaning.
Conjunction

A conjunction is a word to join two parts

of sentences or two words together.
Conjunctions are used when you want
to make lists, or comparisons, or
explain things with two sentences.
Expressions and proverbs

An expression is a group of words

that never changes. A proverb is a
sentence that never changes. A
quote is a group of words that
someone has used before and you
need put them into "...." . An
interjection is a single word
expression and it doesn't need a full
sentence.