​ VALENTINA TERESHKOVA

SPACE MISSION

 
Space is so beautiful, I am so lucky that I had a chance to explore it. It keeps going on forever 
there is no end. We haven't even explored half of it yet, no one has. 
It is just full of mystery which is so magical. It's just so hard to 
believe that this was all formed from a nebula.  
4.5 billion years ago gravity had pulled a cloud of dust and gas 
together to form our solar system.  
There are 3 theories about how the solar system was made but the 
one that I best believe in is the core accretion model.  
This theory explains that 4.5 billion years ago when the cloud of dust and gas came together to 
form our solar system the gravity had collapsed on itself and had started to spin when this had 
happened the sun had formed in the center of the nebula. All the stuff that was left behind had 
come together. The further away the remaining stuff was 
the less impact that it had on lighter winds coming into gas 
formations. Those formations had formed comets, asteroids, 
planets, and moons. 
One of the theories before the nebular theory was the 
Dualistic theory. This theory has been made from James 
Jeans in 1917. The theory was that the sun and planets 
had been formed from different mechanisms. A 
massive star had passed by the sun drawing a 
tidal filament. The gravity had broken up the 
filament causing it to form a protoplanet. The 
proto-planets then attracted by a retreating star 
were retained in heliocentric orbits. A small scale 
version of the same mechanism had led to a filament being drawn from a protoplanet within the 
proto satellites.   
You can tell how the theories have changed over the years. The things that are the same about 
these 2 theories that they had both came from a cloud of dust and gas. Some of the different 
things were that the sun had already been formed in the Dualistic theory and in the nebular 
theory the sun was being formed. My only wonder for myself and whoever finds this book now, is 
what are going to be the new theories? 
 
-Valentina Tereshkova   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tomorrow we are leaving for the entering of space. To start off I am scared and you are probably 
wondering why I'm so scared. Well I mean what if something goes wrong there are a million things 
that could go wrong in this ​manned space mission. ​But I am trying not to worry about them.  
This is the day, I had to make sure that they would have a ​telescope ​on the ​spacecraft b​ ecause I 
had wanted to look at the planets that were surrounding me.  
We had checked the ​reusable launch system ​one last time in case anything had 
gone bad. Valeri bykovsky and I had entered the ​rocket. ​When we had climbed 
in I had been shaking but I was excited that I would be able to have this 
journey and experience this view that not many people get to see. They had put 
a ​booster ​on so that we would get extra power to leave earth.  
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1…….. 
We are off and moments later we had been seeing the whole earth. It had been crazy that I was 
seeing this with my own eyes. I could see ​satellites ​and ​space 
probes ​for an affair. From my telescope I could see a ​rover 
going around on the moon. I couldn't tell if I had been in a 
dream or not I had to have someone pinch me.  
It had been a wonderful place and I would go back there 
any day I could.  
 
 
- valentina tereshkova   
 
 
 Definitions: 
Manned space mission​- A space fight with humans/passengers aboard the spacecraft  
Telescope- ​an instrument designed to make objects closer than they appear  
Spacecraft- ​A vehicle used for traveling through space  
Reusable launch system-​ A system that includes all or some key component stages if something 
happens  
Rocket- ​A cylindrical object that could be repealed great height or distance  
Booster- ​A rocket that provides extra power to the spacecraft to leave earth 
Satellite- ​An artificial body placed into orbit around the earth, moon, or other planets to collect 
information 
Space probe- ​A​ ​robotic spacecraft that is placed into space to explore further into space  
Rover-​ A device that is designed to move across solid seferices on a planet
As a kid I didn't understand how space had caused seasons, the ocean, and I had never 
understood eclipses. But then I had found this pamphlet on the ground of 6th grade and I had 
finally understood the meaning of most of the things that I had been confused about.  
 
The moon, sun and the earth all help each other orbit. But how I was wondering the same thing is 
because their bodies of mass each attracted each other, which helped each one orbit.  
When it does this it changes the seasons the title waves and eclipses.  
 
​ Eclipses 
 
There are 2 types of eclipses there are the Lunar and the Solar.  
The Lunar happens when the moon orbits earth at the same time earth orbits the sun. When it 
happens the earth blocks the sunlight that is normally 
reflected by the moon. The Lunar eclipses can only happen 
during a full moon and there are two types of Lunar eclipses 
there are the total and the partial.  
The total happens when the moon and sun are on opposite 
sides of the earth. So when the sunlight passes through the earth atmosphere it takes out most of 
the blue light causing the moon to appear red to the people on earth. 
When it is partial only part of the moon enters earth's shadow. Earth shadow will appear very 
dark on the side of the moon facing earth. What people will see will depend on how the earth, 
moon, and sun are lined up.  
 
The next thing which is the Solar eclipse happens when the moon orbit 
moves between the sun and the earth. When the moon blocks light reaching 
the earth casting a shadow onto earth. There are 3 types of solar eclipses there is the total, 
partial, and the annular.  
The total will only appear only on a small area on earth. It will go completely dark for a few 
moments.. But will only happen when the sun , moon and earth are an exact line.  
The partinol is when the sun moon and earth are not exactly lined up.  
Annular is when the moon is farthest from earth so the moon doesn't block the entire sun. It 
causes it to look like there are rings around the moon.  
 
 
 
​Seasons 
 
Seasons happen by the earth axis and the rotation it is tiled with the direction it moves. Like some 
places on earth orbits the sun more which is aimed more to the northern hemisphere and 
sometimes the opposite maybe more to the southern hemisphere. When earth is tilted toward the 
sun it will be spring and summer and when it is tilted away it will be autumn and  
 
 
Tides  
Tides are caused from the moon's gravity. The water wants to bulge in the direction of the moon 
which is called the tidal force. The water wants to go in the way of 
the moon and the opposite side of the moon which is weird. The 7 
continents help this process; it makes sure that the water doesn't 
exactly follow the moon.  
 When the moon causes the water to bulge you are in the high tide and when you are not in 
the bulge you are in the low tide.  
 
  The moon isn't the only thing that causes this; it is also the sun. The sun has an impact 
but not as much as the moon. When the earth, moon, and sun are lined up which happens in the 
occurrence of a full or new moon the Solar and Lunar tides reinforce each other which causes the 
tides to be more extreme. This is called the spring tides but has nothing to do with spring.  
When the Lunar and Solar tides act against each other it will make smaller tides which are called 
the neap tides.  
 
When I had found this pamphlet it had helped answer a lot of my questions about space 
and our earth and why things happen.  
- Valentina Tereshkova  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a kid I had been obsessed with space and the first things that I had learned when I had 
entered 1st grade was about gravity and that had been when my space obsession had just 
started.  
 
I had learned that gravity is what keeps us down on the earth so we don't float away and 
same with other objects. It is also a force that will pull objects into the center of space. 
With the further away of distance of the gravity pull and stronger when closer to the 
gravitational pull. Each planet's mass indicates that planet's 
gravity. 
When I had gotten older I had learned about the asteroid belt.  
It is this 140 mile across from Jupiter to Mars. It is filled with 
asteroids which had been left behind from the beginning of the solar 
system. The asteroids are made from rock and stone but a little amount if it contains iron, nickel 
metals, as well as carbon rich materials. The further away the asteroid ice it will contain ice and 
some many contain water.  
There are 8 parts of the asteroid belt which are the Hungarias, Floras, Phocaea, Koronis, Eos, 
Themis, Cybeles, and Hildas. It had first been discovered in the 18th century by Johann Titus. 
This had been one of the most intriguing things that I had learned.  
 
Later in school I had learned about how gravity affects planets. 
 
 
 
The Sun's gravity is super important in the solar system; it is what pulls the planets in to have an 
orbit but doesn't pull it into too close that the planet will overheat. The Sun's gravity also keeps 
Earth's orbit around it. The motion of the Moon is also dependent on the sun and earth. The 
Earth make sure that the moon stays on a straight line 
to orbit, as it doesn this it affects the Earth tides.  
-Valentina Tereshkova