and in other studies, as "highly toxic" to honeybees
and fish.[7][8]
Baygon is a pesticide brand produced
by S. C. Johnson & Son. It is
an insecticide used for extermination and
control of household pests such
as crickets, roaches, ants, carpenter ants,
spiders, silverfish and mosquitoes. In 1975,
Baygon introduced Australia’s first surface
spray for killing cockroaches and other
crawling insects.
Baygon was introduced by the German
chemical manufacturer Bayer in 1975. In
2003, Bayer sold the brand to S. C. Johnson
& Son. As part of the agreement, the active
ingredients used in the pesticides are still
manufactured by Bayer and supplied non-
exclusively to SC Johnson.[1][2]
Baygon products contain
the pyrethroids cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, prallethrin a
nd the carbamate propoxur and
organophosphorus chlorpyrifos, as active
ingredients.[3][4] In the concentrations used in
consumer product insecticides, pyrethroids may
also have insect repellent properties and are
generally harmless to human beings in low doses
but can harm sensitive individuals.[5] If ingested in
sufficient quantities, they can lead to a variety of ill
effects, including tremors, dyspnea, and paralysis.[6]
The active "biocide" ingredient in Baygon,
Prallethrin, while considered effective as a
mosquito repellent, has been flagged by the WHO
Safety
A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the
natural pyrethrins, which are produced by the
flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum). Pyrethroids
constitute the majority of commercial
household insecticides. In the concentrations used in
such products, they may also have insect
repellent properties and are generally harmless to
humans.
Mode of action
Pyrethroids are axonic excitotoxins, the toxic
effects of which are mediated through preventing
the closure of the voltage-gated sodium
channels in the axonal membranes. The sodium
channel is a membrane protein with
a hydrophilic interior. This interior is shaped
precisely to allow sodium ions to pass through the
membrane, enter the axon, and propagate
an action potential. When the toxin keeps the
channels in their open state, the nerves
cannot repolarize, leaving the axonal membrane
permanently depolarized, thereby paralyzing the
organism.[2] Pyrethroids can be combined with the
synergist piperonyl butoxide, a known inhibitor of
key microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes from
metabolizing the pyrethroid, which increases its
efficacy (lethality)
Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common
household pesticide. It is a complex organic
compound and the commercial product is sold as a
mixture of isomers. Like most pyrethroids, it is highly
toxic to fish and invertebrates, but it is far less toxic
to humans.[1] It is generally supplied as a 10–25%
liquid concentrate for commercial use and is diluted
prior to spraying onto agricultural crops and
outbuildings.
In rats, the LD50s are 500, 800 (oral), and 600 (skin)
mg/kg.[1]
Excessive exposure can cause nausea, headache,
muscle weakness, salivation, shortness of breath
and seizures. In humans, it is deactivated by
enzymatic hydrolysis to several carboxylic acid
metabolites, whose urinary excretion half-lives are
in a range of 5–7 hours. Worker exposure to the
chemical can be monitored by measurement of the
urinary metabolites, while severe overdosage may
be confirmed by quantification of cyfluthrin in blood
or plasma.[2]
Health and safety risks are controlled by right to
know laws that exist in most developed countries.
Cyfluthrin is regulated in the US by the EPA.[3]
Transfluthrin is a fast-
acting pyrethroid insecticide with low persistency. It
has the molecular formula C15H12Cl2F4O2.
Transfluthrin can be used in the indoor
environment
against flies, mosquitoes, moths and cockroaches.
It is a relatively volatile substance and acts as a
contact and inhalation agent.
Transfluthrin, if used contrary to product
instructions, may cause symptoms of poisoning
including
nervousness, anxiety, tremor, convulsions,
skin allergies, sneezing, running nose
and irritation.[1] No specific antidotes are known, but
symptomatic treatment with antihistamines may
help to control any allergies.[
Prallethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. Prallethrin
1.6% w/w liquid vaporizer is a repellent insecticide
which is generally used for the control
of mosquitoes in the household. It is marketed as a
mosquito repellent by Godrej as "GoodKnight
Silver Power" and SC Johnson as "All Out"
in India. It is also the primary insecticide in certain
products for killing wasps and hornets, including
their nests. It is the main ingredient in the
consumer product "Hot Shot Ant & Roach Plus
Germ Killer" spray.[1]
The World Health Organization published in 2004 neurological effects, persistent developmental California," a process that could however take up
that "Prallethrin is of low mammalian toxicity, with disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Exposure to two years.[13]
no evidence of carcinogenicity" and "is very toxic to during pregnancy may harm the mental
bees and fish but of low toxicity to birds."[ development of children, and most home uses of
chlorpyrifos were banned in the U.S. in 2001.[8] In
agriculture, it is "one of the most widely used
A carbamate is a chemical compound that is organophosphate insecticides" in the United
formally derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH). States, and before being phased out for residential
The term includes organic compounds (e.g., use it was one of the most used residential
the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by insecticides.[9]
replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by
On March 29, 2017, EPA Administrator Scott
other organic functional groups; as well
Pruitt denied a petition to ban chlorpyrifos.
as salts with the carbamate anion H [10]
 However, on August 9, 2018, the U.S. 9th Circuit
2NCOO
−
Court of Appeals ordered the EPA to ban the sale
 (e.g. ammonium carbamate).
of chlorpyrifos in the United States within 60 days,
Polymers whose units are joined [11]
 though this ruling was almost immediately
by divalent carbamate groups –NH–(C=O)–O– are appealed by Trump administration lawyers.[12]
an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes.
On May 2019 the California Department of
Pesticide Regulation announced it will "cancel the
registration that allows chlorpyrifos to be sold in
Propoxur (Baygon) is a carbamate non-
systemic insecticide introduced in 1959 with a fast
knockdown and long residual effect used against
turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas. It is
also used in pest control for other domestic
animals, Anopheles mosquitoes, ants, gypsy
moths, and other agricultural pests.[2][3] It can also
be used as a molluscicide.[3][4][5]
Several U.S. states have petitioned
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to use
propoxur against bedbug infestations, but the EPA
has been reluctant to approve indoor use because
of its potential toxicity to children after chronic
exposur

Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is
an organophosphate pesticide used on crops,
animals, and buildings, and in other settings, to kill
a number of pests, including insects and worms. It
acts on the nervous systems of insects by inhibiting
the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Chlorpyrifos was
patented in 1966 by Dow Chemical Company.[6]
Chlorpyrifos is considered moderately hazardous
to humans by the World Health Organization based
on its acute toxicity.[7] Exposure surpassing
recommended levels has been linked to

With the rise of hip and cool hairstyles
to improve your self-image, it is
important to choose products that
provide not only quality but also
nourishment to your hair. SkinTec
Advance Inc. developed   Grips hair
styling products specifically made not
only to style, but to also care for the
hair. It is available in three forms: gel,
clay, and wax. Just chose your
preference, depending on your
purpose and hair type.
The composition:
 water as the main ingredient
 polymers for film-forming
 emulsifiers for non-water
soluble components
 viscosity modifiers (thickeners,
such as carbomer)
 fragrance
 preservatives
 additives used to impart
moisture, shine, and UV
protection, and to modify the
properties of the film that is
formed
Modification of the film properties of hair
gels is the subject of continuing research and
development, both at the academic and
corporate level. The reason for this lies in
the fact that no current polymer or water soluble. However, it
absorbs water readily, which
combination of polymers provides the in humid weather makes it
perfect set of properties. Some polymers sticky or tacky to the touch,
can cause frizz, and give a
provide excellent hold, but are too brittle
dull appearance to the hair.
and can cause flaking or style disruption In dry weather, it can
throughout the day. Others may get around become brittle and flaky.
 PVA (polyvinyl
the problem of being brittle, but may be acetate) resists absorption of
susceptible to moisture and cause frizzy or water in high humidity (which
leads to better hold in damp
dull hair in humid environments. Still others
weather conditions) and is
may provide all the desired hold and shine more flexible in dry weather
properties and be indifferent to climate, but so it doesn't flake, but is not
as substantive to hair.
may be difficult to remove with shampoo  PVP/VA copolymer provides
and can cause unattractive build up an excellent compromise
problems. It is also desirable that a hair gel between the properties of
each of these polymers
maintain its properties over a broad range of individually.
 Polyurethane (good thermal
temperatures, which can be another difficult
stability), acrylic copolymer,
obstacle to overcome.
polyacrylates, acrylates
copolymer, and other
copolymers are also all hold
agents found in hair gels.
Hold Agents
 Cationic
Some of the more frequently used polymers (Polyquaternium):
polymer fixative agents include, but are These positively-charged
polymers are very
definitely not limited to, the following: substantive to the
negatively-charged surfaces
 PVP (poly N-vinyl-2- of human hair. For this
pyrrolidone) is an excellent reason, some cationic
film-former that is polymers have been found to
substantive to hair, forms be useful in hair styling
clear films, and is completely applications. They form clear,
 glossy films and decrease clarifying shampoo wet or dry. It smells good too! I can't tell which
static-charge buildup and fly- occasionally. There are many exactly, but the scent is one of those candies in
away hair. They typically more polymers, copolymers, my childhood: sweet and refreshing. Plus, Grips
provide good wet and dry combinations of polymers, Hair Gel is formulated with D-Panthenol to
combing results and impart a and new additives for hair moisturize your hair. 
smooth feel to the hair. gels that are being used in
 Polyquaternium-4: is a commercially available
superior film-former on the formulas, and even more
hair, and has been found to being developed in
exhibit very high curl laboratories. Many of these
retention even in humidity. It provide better rinsability,
is very substantive to hair, more softness, and a tougher
but exhibits little build-up. It film with better hold. We may
is very stiff due to its explore some of these newer
molecular structure, and is ideas and technologies in a
thus outstanding for use in future article.
hair gels.
 Polyquaternium-11: is
copolymer of VP/DMAEMA
(vinyl pyrrolidone and
dimethylaminoethyl Based on my experience, gels are best used on
methacrylate). As a setting curls. Good thing the loot bag from
copolymer of VP and an SkinTec also included Grips Hair Gel. Whenever
acrylate, it is less susceptible I curl my hair, I apply gel to fix it. I also use it to
to humidity than VP prevent frizz. So far, the product has performed
homopolymer. However, it
may have more potential for
failure due to humidity than
polyquaternium-4.
Polyquaternium-11 is
generally recommended for
mousses and creams, where
it can moisturize as well as
aid in styling. This polymer is
water miscible, but not water
soluble. This could lead to
some build-up over time if well. It dries up a few minutes after application
one were not using a and it holds my hair in place instantly, may it be

Composition of ...
Styling gel is made of mostly styling polymers,
which are usually based on vinyl monomers
such as PVP  (Polyvinyl Pyrolidone) or VP (Vinyl
Pyrolidone).
Styling is made up of many things and certain
types of gel are made with different materials
based on what the final outcome is supposed to
look like but normal gel is made up of these
substances.
Water, Carbomer(Thickener), Disodium
EDTA(Adjustment Agent), Glycerin(Humectant),
Benzophenone-4(Stabilizer),Dazolidinyl urea, or
iodoprophynyl butylcarbamate (Preservative),
Water(Solvent), PVP K-90(Styling Polymer) PVP/
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer(Styling gel), Oleth-20(Solubilizer),
Fragrance, and
Aminomethylpropanol(Neutalizer)
Are there any chemical reactions involved?
In Cosmetic-science and when making hair gel
chemical reactions are bad and can be found as
a sign of instability in the product. Although
that is due to the fact that if the product can’t
produce a chemical reaction in the buyers hair
because then the gel would not be able to hold
the hair still for a long period of time.
When forming hair gel the styling polymers like
(PVP) or Cationic polymers react with the
solubilizer or the water to form the gel like
substance. Plus when applying the gel the
polymers used to make the gel react with the
negative amino acids and the keratin on your
skin and that allows the gel to harden and keep
your hair the way you want it.
Main Chemicals, Compounds,
Components
 Water- (H2O)
 Carbomer made from inserting a
(C2) unit to a given molecule
 Disodium EDTA(Adjustment Agent)
 Glycerin(Humectant)-(C3H8O3)
 Benzophenone-4(Stabilizer)-(C14
H12O6S)
 ,Dazolidinyl urea, or iodoprophynyl
butylcarbamate (Preservative)-(IPBC)
 PVP K-90(Styling Polymer) PVP/
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer(Styling gel)-(no chemical
formula but is most of the time used as
powder or clear aqueous solution to form
the gel like texture)
 Oleth-20(Solubilizer)-(C38H76O11)
 Aminomethylpropanol(Neutalizer)-
(C4H11NO)
Aminomethyl Propanol (C H NO) is a
4 11
neutralizer. It is soluble in water and has
about the same density as water. Now
that you have some background
information on Aminomethyl Propanol
lets see how, what, when, where, why it
is used to make hair gel.
How-Aminomethyl Propanol is used in the
making of hair gel and cosmetics alone due
to the fact it is a neutralizer that acts as a
PH adjuster. It is usually colorless liquids or
crystalline solids. It is added to  mixture of
chemicals components and compounds to
neutralize the chemical reaction. Think of it
as the opposite of a catalyst which speeds
up a chemical reaction, only it is neutralizing
the chemical reaction by adjusting the PH of
the hair gel substance.
What- Aminomethyl Propanol is either a
crystalline substance or a colorless liquid. In
cosmetics this substance is used quite often
to make the cosmetic product neutral.
Without it your hair gel or hairspray could do
the opposite and make your hair go crazy.
When- Aminomethyl Propanol is used in
making hair gel quite often. It is used when
the substance that will eventually be the hair
gel is unstable. The Aminomethyl Propanol
acts like a ref, it stops the chemical reaction
from getting to heated like a ref of  a
basketball game.
Where- Aminomethyl Propanol is used in
many things. Such as the formation of
creams, lotions, hair gels, hair sprays, wave
sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial
products and many other hair/skin products
but overall it is used throughout the field of
cosmetology.
Why- Why is Aminomethyl Propanol used
so often in the formation of hair gel and
cosmetic  products altogether? It is used to
stabilize a substance. It is a unique
substance that is a PH adjuster. It also
allows the the product to stay fertile and
fresh so the company can keep it on their
shelves for long periods of time.
PVP K-90 also known as
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer is the main ingredient in
making hair gel. It is the styling gel itself
and makes the hair gel what it really is a
substance to hold hair in the same place
for many hours or even sometimes (if
you don’t shower…. EEEEWWWW) for
days at a time.
characteristics like its strong hold, and high
viscosity.
Why- K-90 PVP or dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
copolymer is used because it is the building block of
most hair products and very imperative in most
cosmetology. Like I stated earlier K-90 PVP is used in
hair gel due to the fact of its impressive
characteristics, such as its ability to act like a
thickener, its high viscosity, its compatibility with
many anionic, cationic and nonionic cosmetic
polymers,   its solubility in water, and the best
characteristic is how K-90 PVP creates the hold in gel
and how it makes the gel be able to stay in your hair
and keep your hair stable throughout the day.

How- The K-90 PVP is the hair gel’s

backbone. K-90 pvp is not only the
substance that creates a hold in the gel and
the hold is what allows your hair to stay the
way it is when you apply the hair gel, but K-
90 PVP is also soluble in water which
makes it easy to come out of the hair when
you shower or just wash your hair.

What- K-90 PVP is the a styling polymer,

which gives hair gel its texture.

When- K-90 PVP is always used in the

process of making hair gel. It is also known
as a thickener for the substance. It is so
important to use in the hair gel making
process due to the fact that it is compatible
with many anionic, cationic and nonionic
cosmetic polymers.

Where- K-90 PVP is used in many

cosmetology substances like hair mousses
and hair gel. This is because of its