INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE FIELD
information transfer, etc.
The Internet
 The internet emerged in the United
States in the 1970s but did not
become visible to the general
public until the early 1990s.
 By 2015, approximately3.2 billion
people, or nearly half of the world’s
population, were estimated to have
access to the internet.
Trivia:
 The first ever website
(info.cern.ch) was published on
August 6, 1991 by British
Physicist Tim Berners-Lee while at
CERN, in Switzerland.
 On April 30, 1993, CERN made
World Wide Web (“W3” for
short), technology available on a
royalty-free basis to the public
domain, allowing the Web to
flourish.
 The World Wide Web was invented
in March of 1998 by Tim Berners-
Lee.
 He also introduced the first web
server, the first browser and editor
(the “WorldWideWeb.app”), the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
and, in October 1990, the first
version of the HyperText Markup
Language” (HTML).
 In 2013 alone, the web has grown
by more than on third, from about
630 million websites at the start of
the year to over 850 million by
December 2013 (of which 180
million were active).
 In 2016, the number of websites
has almost doubled: from 900
million to 1.7 billion. However, the
more reliable active website count
was stable at around 170 million
throughout the year/
 Over 50% of websites today hosted
on either Apache or Nginx, both
open source web servers.
THE INTERNET: A NURSING
RESOURCE
 Carries an enormous collection of
information resources and services
that change the lifestyle of the
humanity.
 Nurses and other healthcare
professionals uses the power of
internet to establish
communications, documentation,
dissemination, data, and
 Since the internet has a collection
of vast information, the patient
already has an idea of his/her
condition before consulting to
nurse or healthcare provider.
PDA AND WIRELESS DEVICES
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
 Designed to work both as a stand-
alone computer and as a device
that communicates with other
computers.
 Common way to communicate to a
computer is thru a cable-
synchronize.
Wireless Devices
 WLANs
 Bluetooth-short intervals
 Infrared Data Association (IrDA)-
requires direct line of site
WHAT WORKS BEST FOR A NURSE?
Desktop Computer VS Smartphone
Physical Characteristics
 Weight, display size, processing
power, memory, storage capacity
and battery life.
 In general, desktop computer is too
heavy to hand carry, has a larger
display, power measured in GHz,
memory capacity up to GB, storage
capacity up to GB and is not
designed to run on internal battery.
 Smartphone (Hybrid device
combining wireless telephone,
email, internet access and PDA
organizer functions) is the opposite
end of the continuum.
Notebook/Laptop VS Tablet VS PDA
Physical Characteristics
 Notebook is light enough to hand
carry, has slightly smaller display
and slightly less processing power
and storage capacity than the
desktop.
 Possible to add external devices
but increases the weight.
 Difference of desktop and
notebook- runs on battery.
 Tablet is lighter, has slight smaller
display and slightly less processing
power and storage capacity than a
laptop.
 Difference is the use of stylus.
  PDA-keyboard and lack of mouse,
has stylus.
 Has many characteristics in
common with smartphone but
tends to have longer battery life
since it does not support voice
communication.
Email
 Email is short for “electronic
mail”.
 Similar to a letter, it is sent via the
internet to a recipient.
 An email address is required to
receive email, and that address is
unique to the user.
 Some people use internet-based
applications and some use
programs on their computer to
access and store emails.
Bookmark
 When referring to an internet
browser, a bookmark or electronic
bookmark is a method of saving a
web page’s address.
 A bookmark is very useful when
you find a web page that you want
to remember and be able to look at
another day.
 When you bookmark a web page,
you are creating a shortcut for
quick access to that web page.
 You can access that bookmark at
any time and view the web page as
many times as you want without
having to search the internet to
find it again.
How to view bookmarks using
shortcuts?
 Google Chrome – Ctrl+Shift+O or
Cmd+Shift+B on
 Mozilla Firefox – Ctrl+B or
Ctrl+Shift+B
 Microsoft Edge – Ctrl+l
 Internet Explorer – Ctrl+I
 Opera – Ctrl+Shift+B
 Safari – Command+D
Video Conference
 A video conference is a live, visual
connection between two or more
people residing in separate
locations for the purpose of
communication.
 At its simplest, video conferencing
provides transmission of static
images and text between two
locations.
 At its most sophisticated, it
provides transmission of full-motion
video images and high-quality
audio between multiple locations.
Web 2.0
 Blogs and wikis are some of the
new and exciting web 2.0
technologies.
 “Web 2.0” is a term used to
describe online tools which
facilitate information sharing,
creativity and collaboration over
the internet.
 Other examples of popular web 2.0
technologies include video sharing
sites such as YouTube and social
networking spaces like MySpace or
Facebook.
Blogs, Wikis and Podcast
 A blog is an informal website
consisting of time stamped
articles, or posts, in a diary or
journal format, usually listed in
reverse chronological order.
 You use a wiki to look up for
references for a research paper.
 A podcast is a digital medium that
consists of an episodic series of
audio, digital radio, PDF subscribed
to and downloaded through web or
steamed online to a computer or
mobile device/
 You use a podcast to hear music or
streamed talk shows.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Republic Act No. 8293
 This act shall be known as the
“Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines.”
 An act prescribing the intellectual
property code and establishing the
intellectual property office,
providing for its power and
functions, and for other purposes.
 The state recognizes that an
effective intellectual and industrial
property system is vital to the
development of domestic and
creative activity, facilitates transfer
of technology, attracts foreign
investments, and ensures market
access for our products. It shall
protect and secure the exclusive
rights of scientists, inventors,
artists and other gifted citizens to
their intellectual property and
creations, particularly when
 beneficial to the people, for such
periods as provided in this act.
Intellectual Property
 A work or invention that is the
result of creativity, such as a
manuscript or a design, to which
one has rights and for which one
may apply for a patient, copyright,
trademark, etc.
4 Types of Intellectual Property:
1. Patents
 Used to protect inventive ideas or
processes – the things that are
new, useful and nonobvious –
patents are what most often come
to mind when thinking of IP
protection.
 Patents are also used to protect
newly engineered plant species or
strains, as well.
2. Trademarks
 A trademark is unlike a patent in
that it protects words, phrases,
symbols, sounds, smells and color
schemes.
 Are often considered assets that
describe or otherwise identify the
source of underlying products or
services that a company provides.
3. Copyrights
 Do not protect ideas, but rather the
manner in which ideas are
expresses (“original works of
authorship”).
 Such as written works, art, music,
architectural drawings, or even
programming code for software
(most evident nowadays in video
game entertainment).
 With certain exceptions, copyrights
allow the owner of the protected
materials to control reproduction,
performance, new versioning or
adaptations, public performance
and distribution of the works.
Types of Rights under the Law of
Copyright:
a) Economic Rights – this allows a
creator to ask for or obtain
payment for the use of his or her
work by third parties.
b) Moral Rights – these rights allow
the author of the work to maintain
his or her personal connection to
the work and to undertake
measures in order to protect this
connection.
c) Resale Rights – the author and
his or her heirs have the
inalienable right to partake of 5%
of the proceeds of the sale or lease
of his or her original work (painting,
sculpture, manuscript,
composition). – this inalienable
right is in effect during the lifetime
of the author, and for fifty years
after his or her death.
d) Related Rights – the rights those
whose help the author avails of in
order to assist him in producing his
work, and distributing this work to
the public. These rights are also
referred to as “neighboring rights”.
4. Trade Secrets
 Are proprietary procedures,
systems, devices, formulas,
strategies or other information that
is confidential and exclusive to the
company using them.
 They act as competitive
advantages for the business.
DATA PRIVACY
Republic Act No. 10173
 This act shall be known as the
“Data Privacy Act of 2012”.
 An act protecting individual
personal information in information
and communications systems in
the government and the private
sector, creating for this purpose a
national privacy commission, and
for other purposes.
ISSUES
Confidentiality of Medical Data
 Confidentiality and security of data
Structure of Data
Interchange/Fetching and Query
Process
 Inter department – password
protected who are allowed to
download?
Manipulation of Data
 Have a fatal impact. The integrity
of the data is at risk.
Ethical Issues in Health Informatics
 Ethical matters like decision
support, quality of care,
preservation of integrity of data,
 dependability to computer system,
reliance to the information process,
etc. should be properly addressed.

Nurse to Patient Relationship

 If health informatics can improve
the nurse to patient relationships
by improving communication –
achieved a contented result.
 If reliance on computers – impedes
the ability of the health care
professionals to establish trust and
to communicate compassionately –
further contributes to the
dehumanization of patients.