Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Metabolites
The Fungi
Fungi are one of the largest group of
organisms , world wide distributed and
play a vital role in ecosystems and as one of
the most important tool in biotechnology
Fungi & Biotechnology
BIOTECHNOLOGY means “ Use of Fungi to
produce, develop, improve, remove or sustain of
a particular thing which can be useful for man
and nature “
The most important use of fungi is the
production of Secondary Metabolites
Such as Antimicrobial Bioactive Substances
that can be beneficial for Medical therapy
The economic significance of Fungi
Fermentation technology
Enzymes production technology
Production of acids and chemicals
Cultivation of fungi for protein
Food processing by fungi (Bread, cheese)
Fungi can be used in many applications in
(industry, agriculture, medicine , and
environment)
Production of Bioactive compounds (Antibiotics)
Secondary metabolites
Organic compounds , with low molecular weight
,which are not essential for fungal growth but
their natural production have certain
significances.
Why secondary metabolites are produced?
They are chemical compounds produced by many
fungi growing on substrates. They play a role in
competition ,antagonism and self-defense
mechanisms against other living organisms to
allow the fungus to occupy the niche and utilize
the food
Production of SECONDARY METABOLITES
Compounds produced during the stationary and
decline phases of the fungal growth
They are vary in structures and biosynthetic
pathways . So they differ among the fungal
species and isolates
Fungal metabolites structures
Fungal secondary metabolites can be obtained by
growing fungi in cultures under certain
conditions (Penicillin is best example)
gs
Types of Fungal secondary metabolites
1. Strobilurin (antifungal)
2. Gibberellins (growth Hormons)
3. Herbicides (control weeds)
4. Mycotoxins (poisneous)
5. Insecticides ( control insects)
6. Enzymes (proteins)
7. Pigments (dyes)
8. Antibiotics (drugs)
9. Pharmacological drugs
Antibiotics
Antibiotics: Are chemical substances produced by
fungi which has the capacity to inhibit the growth
of / and or even kill other microorganisms . The
action of an antibiotic is a selective in nature .
History of ANTIBIOTICS discovery
(1928) Alexander Flimmings discovered the
Penicillin
(1935) Prontosil, the first sulfa drug was
discovered by Gerhard Domagk
(1943) Andrew Moyer, industrial production of
Penicillin
(1943) Selman Waksman discovered the
Streptomycin from soil Bacteria
(1955) Tetracycline was patented by Lioyd Conover
(1957) Nystatin was patented
(1981) Smith Kline Beckham patented Amoxillin
Since then many antibiotics have been found and
still continued to discover more…….
Antibiotic can be divided according their
bioactivity into:
Antifungal antibiotics
Antibacterial antibiotics
Antiviral antibiotics
Antitumoral antibiotics
Mechanism of antibiotic action
The aim of present study
1. Screening of local fungi isolates for antimicrobial bioactive
compounds production.