FLUID

PROPERTIES – III
LEC-4
FLUID PROPERTIES 2

•
•
•
•
• Viscosity
VISCOSITY 3

Viscosity: A property that represents the internal resistance of a fluid to motion or the
“fluidity” e.g. the magnitude of the drag force exerted by a flowing fluid on a body in the
flow direction depends, in part, on viscosity
VISCOSITY 4

𝐴 𝑎
𝑉
𝑉
𝐹∝𝐴 𝐹
𝑙 𝐹
𝛽 𝑦
𝐹 𝑉 𝑑𝑢 𝑙
∝ 𝜏∝ Fluid
𝐴 𝑙 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 𝑢
𝜏∝ 𝑎 𝑉 𝑑𝑢
𝑙 = tan 𝛽 ≈ 𝛽 =
𝑙 𝑙 𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑎
𝜏∝
𝑑𝑡 𝑙
𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 ∝ RATE of 𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧
𝑑𝛽
𝜏∝
𝑑𝑡
VISCOSITY 5

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜏∝ 𝜏=𝜇
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝜇: coefficient of viscosity, dynamic (absolute) viscosity

kg N∙s
N m/s or 2
or Pa ∙ s kg
= 𝜇 m s m
2 𝜈= m s
m m dyne∙s
kg m/s2 m/s 1 Poise = 1 = 0.1 Pa  s kg
cm2 3
= 𝜇 m
m2 m 1 CP = 0.01 Poise = 0.001 Pa  s
𝜇 m2
𝜈: kinematic viscosity =
𝜌 s
Stokes (St) = cm2/s
1 CSt = 0.01 Stokes = 10−6 m2/s
VISCOSITY OF DIFFERENT FLUIDS 6

𝜏
Oil
Water

𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝜇
Air
𝜇𝑤 = 0.001 Pa ∙ S = 1 CP
2 𝑑𝑢
m
𝜈𝑤 = 10−6 = 1 CSt 𝑑𝑦
s
VISCOSITY OF DIFFERENT FLUIDS 7
PROJECT: AUTOMOBILE OILS 15

• Crank case
• Gear box
• Brakes
• Properties
• Grades
• Saybolt Universal Seconds and Viscosity index
• Mineral oils and synthetic oils
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 16
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE (GAS VS LIQUID) 17

Oil

Air

𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS 18
 19
BEHAVIOR OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
𝜏

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
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EXAMPLES OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
• Bingham plastic:
– Tooth paste
– Mayonnaise
• Pseudoplastic (shear thinning)
– Blood
– Paints
– Ketchup
• Dilatants (shear thickening)
– Cornstarch suspension
 21
EXAMPLES OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
 22
SUMMARY

• Viscosity