Medical Physics Lab

Dr. Huda Masood AL-Zacko

‫ﺣﻴﻮﺩ ﺿﻮء ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬

Diffraction of Laser Light
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﻥ‬-‫ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻴﻮﻡ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬/ ‫ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬
.
Purpose: To understand the diffraction/interference pattern produced
when light passes through a single slit. Then calculate the wavelengths of
a helium-neon laser.

: ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬

Theory: Diffraction is interference of a wave with itself. The
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻫﻴﻐﻨﺰ‬
phenomenon of diffraction can be understood using Huygen’s Principle
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ "ﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺳﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
which states that "Every unobstructed point on a wavefront will act a
."‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭًﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬
source of secondary spherical waves".
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺿﻮء ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ‬
.‫ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻮﻕ‬/ ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺩ‬،
When a monochromatic and coherent light passes through a single
or double slit, it creates a diffraction/interference pattern on a screen
placed beyond the slits.
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬
The pattern formed is
because of the superposition of
the waves coming from the slit.
y=0 ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓً ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
The position on the screen
directly opposite the slits is
defined to have location .
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
Other positions on the screen are Figure 1
.‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬
characterized by their distance away from this origin.
. ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬، ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻮﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬θ ‫ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬، ‫ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

Alternatively, a position on the screen is characterized by an angle θ

formed by the line from the slits to this position, relative to the
perpendicular line.

1 Department of Dentistry
 Medical Physics Lab
Dr. Huda Masood AL-Zacko

‫ﺣﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬

Single-slit diffraction
‫ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻭﻣﻀﻲء ﺍﻭ ﻣﺸﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬.‫ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
Diffraction pattern formed by a single slit will have a wide and.
bright pattern at the center with alternate dark and bright fringes with
diminishing intensity on both sides. The pattern is formed because of the
superposition of the waves coming from all points in the slit.
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﻼﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
A single slit with slit width will produce dark regions on the screen
at positions where the following destructive interference criterion is
satisfied.
.‫ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬m ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
, where m is an integer.
، ‫ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬10 ‫ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
For the experiments we will be doing, the angle is less than 10 degrees,
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﻝ‬
and . Substituting for in the above
: ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
equation, we get:

. m ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬:y ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

where : is the distance on the screen from the center of the pattern to the
th minimum.
.1 ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬:

: is the distance from the slit to the screen as shown in Figure 1.

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬
The diffraction equation can thus be solved for the slit width:

:‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬

Or the wavelength of laser light:

‫ﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻥ‬- ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻫﻴﻠﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬
Equipment: Single slit; He-Ne lasers; black wooden target board; paper;
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ‬
tape; meter stick; ruler.

2 Department of Dentistry
 Medical Physics Lab
Dr. Huda Masood AL-Zacko
: ‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء‬
Procedure:
‫ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬، ‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻥ )ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ( ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬- ‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻫﻴﻠﻴﻮﻡ‬.1
1. Turn on the He-Ne laser (red laser) and place the slide, so that the
laser beam hits the slit.

Figure 2
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬، D ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬، ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬، ‫ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ‬.2
2. Place the target board, with a piece of paper securely taped to it, at a
distance D, of about two meters from the slide.
.‫ ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬.3
3. Adjust the slide very gently to get a clear pattern on the screen. It has
، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲء‬. ‫ﻟﻪ ﻫﺪﺏ ﻣﻀﻲء ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
a bright a wide fringe as the center. On both sides of the central
. ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﺏ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﻉ‬
bright, there are bright and dark fringes with diminishing brightness.
.(‫ )ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺩ ﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺃﺣﻤﺮ‬3 ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺩ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬.D ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬.4
4. Measure D. You should see a diffraction pattern that looks similar to
Figure3 (Photograph of a single slit diffraction pattern on a screen
using a red laser).

Figure 3
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬، ‫ ﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‬.5
5. Mark on the paper the location of the DARK spots, as shown by the
‫ "ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
black marks at the bottom of the figure. "Example shown in Figure
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
has three dark spots on both sides. You can mark as many you can
.‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻄﻚ‬
observe on your pattern.
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻨﺔ‬، ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺩﻗﺔ‬
For best accuracy, you should make your marks directly on top of the
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
dark spots. In this lab your results mainly depends on how precisely
‫ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺑﻘﻌﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻻﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
you can mark and measure the pattern. First dark spot you observed

3 Department of Dentistry
 Medical Physics Lab
Dr. Huda Masood AL-Zacko
.‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻦ ﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬، ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬، ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‬
."
from the central bright is the first order dark of the single slit
diffraction pattern. Similarly second, third dark spots are second, third
order dark and so on".
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬.6 ‫ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‬
6. Remove the paper from the target board. With your ruler measure the
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺭﺗﺐ ﺍﻻﻫﺪﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ‬
distance between the same orders of the dark fringes. (For
‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
example, is the distance between first order darks on both sides
( ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ .‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‬
from the center.) Record your results in Table.
.‫ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‬. ‫ ﺍﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﻚ‬.7
7. Obtain the slit width from your instructor. You will use these data to
calculate the wavelength of the light.

= ( a ) ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬
Slit width (a) =
= (D) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
Distance from the slit to the screen (D) =
‫ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﺏ‬
Fringes order m (mm) (mm)

* ‫* ﻻ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
* DO NOT look at the laser beam and TURN OFF the laser when not in use *
:‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
Question of the experiment:
‫ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻣﻢ‬0.2 ‫ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬500 ‫ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬/١‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬. ‫ ﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ‬60 ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
Q1/ Light with wavelength of 500 nm passes through a slit 0.2 mm wide.
The diffraction pattern on a screen 60 cm a way. Determine the distance
between the central maximum and the second minimum.
‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬0.095 ‫ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻖ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬605 ‫ ﺿﻮء ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬/٢‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ؟‬.‫ ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬85
Q2/ Monochromatic light of wavelength 605 nm falls on a slit of width
0.095 mm. The slit is located 85 cm from a screen. How far is the center
of the central bright band to the first dark band?

4 Department of Dentistry