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Electric Charge

Properties of Electric Charge Coloumb’s Law Methods of Charging Practice Questions

Electric charge is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when kept in an electromagnetic field. Positive
and negative are the two types of electric charges, commonly carried by charge carriers protons and electrons. When the net charge
of an object equals to zero, the object is said to be neutral. The movement of electric charges are responsible for the production of
one of the many types of energy (https://byjus.com/physics/energy/) known as electrical energy.
Electric Charge is defined as,

The property of subatomic particles that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

The study of electricity is divided into 3 different branches as:

Electrostatics: It is the study of the force that acts between point charges. (https://byjus.com/physics/electric-field-of-point-
charge/)
Electromagnetism: It is the study of the forces that act on the charges that are in motion.
Electric Current: It is the study of the form of energy that is associated with the flow of charge.

How is Electric Charge Measured?

The electric charge is measured using coulomb. 1 coulomb is the quantity of charge transferred in one second. Given by:

Q = I.t

Where,
Q is the electric charge
I is the electric current
t is the time.

The physical properties of matter which allows it to experience a special kind of force when kept under the
Definition
influence of the electromagnetic field is called Electric Charge

Symbol Q
Chat now
 Formula Q = I.t
SI unit Coulomb

Elementary charge
Other faraday
units
ampere-hour

Properties of Electric Charge

The various properties of charge include the following:
Additivity of Electric Charge
Conservation of Electric Charge

 Quantization of Electric Charge

To understand the properties of charge in detail, click on the link provided below:

Properties of Electric Charge (https://byjus.com/physics/basic-properties-electrical-charge/)

Types of electric charge

Two kinds of electric charges are there
positive(+) charge
negative(-) charge
Neutral do not refer to the third type of charge, but it is a region between the positive and negative charges.
Suppose if there are identical positive and negative charges and their sum will be zero. This means they are electrically neutral.

Columb’s Law
We might already know that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. But have you taken a minute to
wonder how strong are these forces? Coloumb’s Law provides a means to calculate the strength of the force between two points.
Coloumb’s Law states that,

The magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is directly proportional to the
product of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The Coloumb’s Law is given by the expression:

where Fe is the electric force

q1 and q2 are electric charges
K is the Coloumb’s constant 8.988×109 N⋅m2/C2
r is the distance of seperation.

Methods of Charging
Induction
Conduction
Triboelectricity
The like charges usually repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. The SI unit for the electric charge is Coulomb and is
equal to around 6.242×1018 e. The value of charge of an electron is −1.602×10-19 C. Coulomb is described as the quantity of the
charge passing through a cross-section of electrical conductor which carries one ampere (https://byjus.com/physics/ampere/) per
second.
 The symbol used to denote a quantity of electricity is Q and it is directly calculated with an electrometer. When charged particles
were produced by rubbing suitable materials, then we were known about the existence of charges. These facts can be
demonstrated by simple examples. Take a comb and rub it on your head, place the comb near to the pieces of paper placed on the

table. You will see the comb starts to attract the paper pieces.
 According to the Franklin convention, the electric charge present on the comb is a positive charge and the charge present on the
paper pieces is a negative electric charge. The comb which attracts the paper pieces contains positive charge and any object which
repels the comb is negatively charged this is well explained through static electricity (https://byjus.com/physics/electric-charge-
and-static-electricity/)

Charging By Conduction

0
Charging By Induction


Practice Questions On Electric Charge

Q1: What happens
i) when two like charges are brought together?
ii) when two unlike charges are brought together?
Ans: i) When two like charges are brought together they repel.
ii) When two unlike charges are brought together they attract.
Q2: What does neutral in electric charge mean?
Ans: Neutral does not refer to the third type of charge, but it is a region between the positive and negative charges.
Hope you have learnt about electric charge its properties, formula along with terms and units. Excel your understanding by
answering the practice questions and reading related links mentioned below.
Q3: Does the mass of the body get affected while charging?
Ans: Yes, the mass of the body gets affected because electons have a definite mass so the mass of the body slightly increases
when it gains electrons while the mass decreases when it loses electrons.
Q4:Two identical metallic spheres of exactly equal masses are taken. One is given a positive charge q coulombs and other an
equal negative charge. Are their masses after charging equal?
Ans: No. A body is positively charged due to deficit of electrons while the negative charge is due to surplus of electrons. Hence, the
mass of the negatively charged sphere will be slightly more than that of the positively charged spheres.
Physics Related Topics:

Electric Potential And Potential Difference (https://byjus.com/jee/electric-potential-energy/)

Relation Between Electric Field And Electric Potential (https://byjus.com/physics/relation-between-electric-field-and-electric-
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Dielectric Properties – Terminology, Mechanism, Applications. (https://byjus.com/physics/dielectric-properties/)

Relation Between Ev And Joule (https://byjus.com/physics/relation-between-ev-and-joule/)

 Stay tuned with BYJU’S for more such interesting articles. Also, register to “BYJU’S-The Learning App” for loads of interactive,
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