INFINITIV

E AND ING
FORMS
 THE INFINITIVE

• It’s the verb preceded by “to”. It is used

• 1.After some adjectives: Amazed, afraid, anxious,
ashamed, delighted, eager, glad, happy, pleased,
surprised.
• We were happy to hear the good news.
• 2. After some adverbs: Too, enough
• She’s to too young to drive.
• She’s old enough to drive
•
• 3. After some verbs like
• a. We agreed to meet at 7.
• b. He refused to come to the party.
• c. He threatened to call the police.
• d. We managed to arrive on time despite the traffic.
• e. We decided to stay at home because of the weather.
• f. We can’t afford to buy a new car.
• g. Others: hope, ask, expect, promise, offer, fail, intend, plan,
appear, seem, pretend, learn, dare, tend, teach…
•
• 4. After some verbs + object + infinitive
• a. My parents want me to go to university.
• b. I asked Tom to help me.
• c. We expected him to be late.
• d. He would like me to come.
• e. We helped him ( to) do the work.
• f. We made him (to) do the work.
• g. Others : enable, order, remind, tell, force, invite, persuade,
warn, beg
•
• 5. Some verbs of perception : hear, feel see, and
make, let are followed by an infinitive without to.
• a. Hot weather makes me feel uncomfortable.
• b. I won’t let you go.
• c. I heard him cry.
•
THE ING FORMS OR GERUNDS
• THE ING FORMS OR GERUNDS : apart from being used in continuous
tenses can also be used in the following cases:
• 1.As the subject of a sentence:
• Eating fruit is good for your health.
• Swimming is a complete exercise.
• 2. After certain expressions :
• a. I’m fed up with doing the same every day.
• b. She was surprised at meeting him.
• c. We were angry with working on Sunday.
•
• 3. After certain verbs:
• The Love-Hate group
• a. I like meeting people
• b. I prefer swimming to running.
• c. I enjoy being alone.
• d. Idon’t mind working at night.
• e. Ann hates flying.
• f. I can’t stand living here.
• g. I can’t bear working at weekend.
• h. I can’t help eating my nails.
• i. James is fond of collecting stamps.
• j. I ’m used to getting up early.
• k. It’ s worth buying in this shop.
• l. It’ s no use trying to convince her.
• m. I feel like eating an ice cream now
• The begin-stop-continue group
• n. He finished studying late.
• o. He kept smoking all his life.
• p. I began crying . Also I began to cry.
• q. He started making noise. Also He started to make noise.
• The Avoid-excuse group
• r. He avoided meeting me.
• s. He delayed travelling there.
• t. He postponed telling me the news
• Others:
• u. I suggested staying at home.
• v. He admitted/denied stealing the money.
• w. I considered going to live abroad.
• x. I can’t imagine George riding a bike.
• y. Going on diet involves giving up sugar