INTRODUCTION

Health has been defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” As in contrast, for example, with the
promotion of health and safety at work, this is concerned with preventing harm from any
incidental hazards in the workplace.
A wide array of workplace hazards also presents to the health and safety of people at work.
These include but are not limited to chemical, biological agents, physical factors, adverse
ergonomic conditions, allergens, a complex network of safety risks, and a board range of
psychosocial risk factors. Personal protective equipment can help protect against many of
these hazards.
Meanwhile, safety in the workplace is a necessity for all. Safety measures protect the
individual as well as equipment and the property. The purpose of using safety equipment is to
reduce the person from exposure to hazards. Common safety equipment in many area and
workplaces include gloves, helmets, goggles and safety boots.
A healthy and safety policy ensures that the people comply with the Occupational Safety and
Health Act and relevant state legislation. It provides guidelines for establishing and
implementing programs that will reduce workplace hazards, protect lives and promote
employee health

OBJECTIVE

1. To provide information on the workplace safety control to prevent risk such as injuries,
illness and damage equipment.
2. To guide with detailed plans in the event of accident, fire, natural disaster or other
emergency.
3.

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SAFETY MESUREMENTS:

Figure 1 : Emergency Plan Layout

Figure 1 illustrates the emergency plan layout. An emergency plan specifies procedures for
handling sudden or unexpected situations. Common elements to be considered in all
emergencies include pre-emergency preparation and provisions for alerting and evacuating
staffs and students, handling casualties, and for containing the danger. The plan should take
advantage of such warnings with, for example, instructions on sand bagging, removal of
equipment to needed locations, providing alternate sources of power, light or water, extra
equipment, and relocation of personnel with special skills.

Figure 2 : Fire Extinguisher

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Figure 2 provides the fire extinguisher. Identify the location of a fire alarm and extinguisher.
All fires can be very dangerous and life-threatening. Your safety should always be your
primary concern when attempting to fight a fire. It is important to choose the correct
extinguisher for the types of fires you anticipate. There are multi-purpose extinguishers with
an ABC rating. These are good for multi-use however you should be aware that ABC-rated
extinguishers can harm computers and other electronic equipment. Water extinguishers
should not be used to extinguish electrical fires.

Figure 3 : Safety Symbols Sign

Figure 3 express the safety symbols sign. A lab can be filled with dangerous chemicals,
radioactive substances, biological specimens, sharp instruments, breakable glassware, and
flammable objects. Thus, those working in labs need to be keenly aware of the many dangers
associated with these items. In order to maintain a safe workplace and avoid accidents, lab
safety symbols and signs need to be posted throughout the workplace. Researchers, staff, and
visitors should note and understand the hazard communication information on the laboratory
safety signs.

Figure 4 : Safety Aid Kit

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Figure 4 highlight safety aid kit. First aid kit should be easily accessible to all laboratory
personnel. If a first-aid kit is placed in a drawer or cabinet, the drawer or cabinet must be
labelled “First-Aid Kit.” First aid kits must be regularly inspected and restocked as necessary.

Figure 5 : Chemical Safety Symbol

Figure 5 exposes chemical safety symbols. Read all information about hazard warning
symbols and labelling. Being aware of and understanding the signs in your laboratory is vital
for good lab maintenance and day-to-day safety. The environment that you work in every day
is bursting with flammable objects, hazardous chemicals, delicate instruments and items that
need to be handled with special care. Immediately notify the supervisor of any unsafe
conditions.

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 Figure 6 : No Food or Drink Allowed Sign
Figure 6 displays no food or drink allowed sign. The main reasons why eating and drinking
are not permitted in areas using or storing hazardous materials are personal safety risks and
risks of non-compliance with regulatory or granting agency requirements that may impact an
individual, a work unit, or the institution as a whole.

Figure 7 : Protective Clothing Sign

Figure 7 presents protective clothing sign. The protective clothing safety symbol indicates
that a lab coat or other protective clothing needs to be worn. There are several types of lab
coats for different types of protection. Cotton protects against flying objects, sharp or rough
edges, and is usually treated with a fire retardant. Since many synthetic fabrics can adhere to
skin when burning, cotton is the most preferred laboratory clothing fabric. Wool protects
against splashes of molten materials, small quantities of acid, and small flames. Synthetic
fibers protect against sparks and infrared or ultraviolet radiation. Aluminized and reflective
clothing protect against radiant heat.

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 Figure 8 : Wear Mask in Laboratory

Figure 8 arrays students should wear mask in laboratory. It is recommended that you always
wear a face mask and anti-bacterial gloves when dealing with such substances. A mask
composed of paper can filter dust effectively; however, it cannot protect the person from any
kind of poisonous gas. A gas mask equipped with the appropriate cartridge may protect the
person from dust, acid vapour, carbon monoxide and nitro glycol.

Figure 9 : Eye Wash Station

Figure 9 reveals eye wash station. The eye wash safety sign indicates the location of an
eyewash station. Eye wash stations provide a continuous, low-pressure stream of aerated
water in laboratories in which chemical or biological agents are used or stored and in
facilities where nonhuman primates are handled. The eyewash station should be easily

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accessible from any part of the laboratory and, if possible, located near the safety shower so
that, if necessary, the eyes can be washed while the body is showered.

Figure 10 : Wash Hand Sign

Figure 10 portrays wash hand sign. Hand washing is a primary safeguard against inadvertent
exposure to toxic chemicals or biological agents. The wash hands safety sign lets lab
personnel know to wash their hands after removing soiled protective clothing, before leaving
the laboratory, and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using a rest room. Workers should
also wash their hands periodically during the day at intervals dictated by the nature of their
work. Wash with soap and running water, with hands held downward to flush the
contamination off the hands. Turn the tap off with a clean paper towel to prevent
recontamination, and dry hands with clean towels.

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DISCUSSION

Generally, laboratory dress codes set a clear policy for the clothing student should avoid
wearing in order to prevent accidents or injuries in the lab. For example skirts and shorts
might be nice for enjoying the warm weather outside, but quickly become a liability in the lab
where skin can be exposed to heat or dangerous chemicals. Unlike laboratory dress code
policies, rules for personal protection cover what student should be wearing in the lab in
order to protect themselves from various hazards, as well as basic hygiene rules to follow to
avoid any sort of contamination. Since almost every lab uses chemicals of some sort,
chemical safety rules are a must. Following these policies helps student avoid spills and other
accidents, as well as damage to the environment outside of the lab.

CONCLUSION

Safety and health system is some way to minimize the risk of injuries and illness. It involves
identifying, assessing, and controlling risks to the people in all laboratory operations.
Laboratory safety is of paramount importance. That’s exactly why this safety resource has
been created, to encourage and promote safe and efficient working practices in any lab. Many
laboratory guidelines are written based on experience – notably when things have gone badly
wrong. Remember, there could be dealing with extremely dangerous and hazardous
chemicals, so caution is required at all times. Whilst many laboratories are governed by their
own rules and regulations, much of the safety precautions come down to each individual
student. Staff can’t be available at all times for supervision and for this reason; responsibility
ultimately falls to the individual. Many laboratory accidents and problems are accountable to
haste. In the lab however, it’s important to take your time - not only for safety reasons, but
also to avoid wasting samples, money and time. In order to implement safety and health in
the organization, the person should have awareness in themselves. People should be
motivated and empowered to work safely and to protect their long-term health, not simply to
avoid accidents.