Forging [SubsTech] Page 1 of 3

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Forging
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Forging
Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich

Forging is a compressive metal forming process, involving shaping a metal piece by hammer, press or rolls.

■ Hammer forging (drop forging) is forming a preheated workpiece by using impact energy of the falling
hammer forcing the metal to fill the space between the punch (a part attached to the hammer) and the
forging die (a part attached to the anvil).

■ Press forging is forming a preheated workpiece by using a force created by a hydraulically driven ram
causing the metal to be squeezed into the die cavity by the static pressure.

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Press forging achieves more uniform internal structure due to transmitting deformation to the interior layers
of the worpiece. This effect is particularly important when large shafts or other thick parts are forged.

■ Upset forging is a forging operation which is employed for manufacturing head of bolts, valves, artillery
shells and other parts where increase of cross section dimensions of the workpiece is desired.
■ Roll forging is a forging operation involving reduction of the workpiece diameter (with increase of its
length) by rolling it between two grooved rolls rotating at the same rotating direction.

Forging structure is a result of breaking coarse cast structure and forming at first stage grain structure
having fibrous character with elongated grains oriented in the direction of the forging stresses. The fibrous
grain structure is then converted to the fine equiaxed grain structure (recrystallization process).

Small shrinkage and gas pores are closed up in the hot forging operation, non-metallic inclusions break up
and distribute more uniformly.

As a result mechanical properties and homogeneity of the forged parts are improved.

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Related internal links

■ Rolling
■ Extrusion
■ Drawing
■ Deep drawing
■ Steel strip processing
■ Plastic deformation
■ Imperfections of crystal structure
■ Shot peening
■ Laser peening

Related external links

https://www.tntech.edu/me/courses/Zhang/ME30103110/Chap11pt5.ppt
[https://www.tntech.edu/me/courses/Zhang/ME30103110/Chap11pt5.ppt]
http://mechatronic.me.hfu.edu.tw/Luo2/2Forming.pdf [http://mechatronic.me.hfu.edu.tw/Luo2/2Forming.pdf]
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture10-11-Bulk%20Deformation%

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20Processes.ppt [http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture10-11-Bulk%
20Deformation%20Processes.ppt]
http://iesu5.ust.hk/dfaculty/ajay/courses/ieem215/lecs/3_forming.pdf
[http://iesu5.ust.hk/dfaculty/ajay/courses/ieem215/lecs/3_forming.pdf]

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forging.txt · Last modified: 2012/05/31 by dmitri_kopeliovich

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