TECHNICAL REPORT ON

WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) BROADBAND

NETWORK MANAGEMENT

By Adedayo O.S and Nwazelibe C. U

ABSTRACT

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a flexible data communication system

implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN .Wi-Fi

is currently proving to be a reliable stand-alone network with multiple

applications using radio frequency (RF) technology, wireless LAN transmit

and receive data over air interface minimizing the need for wired connection.

Wirelees LANs combine date connectivity with user mobility. The

wide spread reliance on networking in business and geometric growth of the

internet and on line services points to shared data and resources with a

wireless fidelity (Wi-fi) ,network users can have access to the internet , share

network resources at fixed or mobile terminals . This project sets up a Wi-fi

network that incorporates a local area network to share internet facilities and other

network resources.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract……………………………………………………… i

Table of contents……………………………………………. ii

List of table………………………………………………….. iii

List of figures………………………………………………… iv

Glossary of terms....………………………………………….. v

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction………………………………………………1

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review…………………………………………5

2.1 Nigeria Communication Commission (NCC)………….....5

2.2 Institute of Electrical/Electronics Engineering Standards……..6

2.3 IEEE 802.11 Standards………………………………………...6

2.4 IEEE 802.11 Committees and Subcommittees………………....7

2.4.1 5GHZ (IEEE 802.11a)………………………………………….8

2.4.2 2.4GHZ (IEEE 802.11b)……………………………………….9

2.4.3 2.4GHZ (IEEE 802.11g)……………………………………….9

2
2.4.4 5GHZ (IEEE 802.11h)………………………………………....10

2.5 Comparing IEEE 802.11……………………………………….11

2.5.1 2.4GHZ/ 5GHZ (IEEE 802.11n)………………………………12

2.6 Competing Technologies………………………………………13

2.6.1 Home RF……………………………………………………….13

2.6.2 Bluetooth………………………………………………………..14

2.6.3 Infrared Data Association………………………………………15

2.6.4 Open Air………………………………………………………..16

2.7 How Wireless LANs Work……………………………………17.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Steps involved in setting up a wireless network……………....20

3.1 Choose the wireless network equipment………………………20

3.1.1 Base station……………………………………………………21

3.1.2 Wireless network adapter……………………………………..22

3.2 Connecting the wireless router……………………………......23

3.3 Configuring the wireless router……………………………….25

3.4 Connect the computers………………………………………..26

3
3.5 Wireless fidelity (Wi-fi) configuration……………………….28

3.6 Installation of the wireless router…………………………….30

3.6.1 Connecting the DI-624 wireless router to a network…………31

3.7 Wireless LAN configuration…………………………………34

3.8 Getting an IP address………………………………………....38

3.9 IP addressing (internet protocol)……………………………...39

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 How to install and set up Broadband connection.....................41

4.1 Section 1-getting ready for Broadband……………………….41

4.1.1 The Hub or Switch…………………………………………....42

4.1.2 The Router……………………………………………………42

4.1.3 The Modem………………………………………………….43

4.2 Connecting the parts………………………………………....44

4.3 Section 2-installing the Broadband access…………………45

4.3.1 Step 1-mounting the modem……………………………….45

4.3.2 Step 2-connecting the router to the internet………………...46

4
4.3.3 Step 3-network preparation………………………………....46.

4.3.4 Step 4-network configuration…………………………….....47

4.4 Going Broadband………………………………………......49.

4.5 Cost analysis………………………………………………51

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusions………………………………………………52

5.1 Recommendation…………………………………………52

5.3 References...........................................................................54

5.4 Appendix.............................................................................56

5
LIST OF TABLES

2.4 IEEE 802.11 Committees and Subcommittees………..7

2.5 Comparing IEEE 802.11………………………………11

3.1 Default addresses, usernames, and passwords…………25

4.5 Cost analysis……………………………………………51

6
 LIST OF FIGURES

3.0 Wireless Router…………………………………….21

3.1 Wireless Network Adapter………………………….22

3.2 Router with all cables connected……………………23

3.3 Wireless router connected to the network…………...32

3.4 Wireless peer to peer network………………………..34

3.5 Client and access point……………………………....35

3.6 Multiple access point and roaming…………………..36

3.7 Use of extension point…………………………….…37

3.8 The use of directional antennas……………………..38

4.0 Wireless Router……………………………………....43

4.1 Wireless Modem……………………………………...44

4.2 Connection of wireless router………………………...46

7
 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

DNS Domain Name System

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

FCC Federal Communication Commission

FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

IDN Integrated Digital Network

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

InterNIC Inter Network Interface Card

ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network

ISP Internet Service Provider

MAC Media Access Control

NCC Nigerian Communication Commission

NOS Network Operating System

PPPOE Point to point protocol over Ethernet

8
PPTP Point to point Tunneling protocol

PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit

SSID Service Set Identifier

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UNI User Network Interface

USB Universal Serial Bus

URL Universal Reversal Link

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

WEP Wireless Equivalent Privacy

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network

WPA Wi-fi Protected Access

Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

9
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication is one of the fastest growing technologies. The demand for

connecting devices without cable is increasing everywhere. Wireless LANs are

found in college campuses, office buildings, and public areas. At home, a wireless

LAN can connect roaming devices to the internet.Wireless computing and mobility

tremendously enhanced and improved the way business is conducted since the new

millennium. It allows employee, partners and customer to access corporate data

from almost any where and anytime. Enterprise mobile application are driven by the

need for universal data access combined with the increased worker productivity

and effectiveness. The growth of wireless broadband network is expected to outstrip

landline communication as advancements in these technologies are enabling higher

broadband speeds. The growth in broadband wireless network can be attributed to

higher demand for wireless media services, such as video, voices, data and the

development of new wireless standards [1].

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) allows connectivity in peer to peer (wireless ad-hoc

network) mode, which enable devices to connect directly with each other. This

10
connectivity mode can prove useful in consumer electronics and gaming

applications. Many consumer devices use Wi-Fi Amongst others, personal

computers can network to each other and connect to the Internet, mobile computer

can connect to the Internet from any Wi-Fi hotspot, and digital cameras can transfer

images wirelessly.

Despite the similarity between the terms “Wi-Fi” (wireless fidelity) and “Hi-Fi”

(high Fidelity), statements reportedly made by Phil Belanger of Wi-Fi alliance

contradicts the popular conclusion that “Wi-Fi” stands for “Wireless Fidelity”[2].

According to Belanger, the Interbrand `corporation developed the brand

“Wi-Fi” for the “Wi-Fi” Alliance to use to describe WLAN products that are

based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) has often been

used in an informal way, even by the Wi-Fi Alliance itself. The popularity of

wireless LANs is a testament primarily to their convenience, cost efficiency and

ease of integration with other networks and network components. The majority of

the computers sold to consumers today come pre-equipped with all necessary

wireless LAN technology. Wi-Fi was coined by a brand consulting firm called

11
Interbrand Corporation that had hired by the Alliance to determine a name that was

a little catchier than IEEE 802.11b Direct sequence. Interbrand invented Wi-Fi as a

simply a play on words with Hi-Fi, as well as creating the yin-yang style Wi-Fi logo

[2].

The Wi-Fi Alliance themselves invoked the term “Wireless fidelity” with the

marketing of a tagline “The standard for wireless fidelity” ,but later removed

the tag from their marketing .The Wi-Fi Alliance now seems to discourage the

propagation of the notion that Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity but it has been

referred to as such by the Wi-Fi Alliance in white papers currently held in their

knowledge base a promising market for wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network

equipment ,the association created the Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) logo to indicate that

a product had been certified for interoperability. [3]

A Wireless network is a way of connecting video link to the Internet using a

wireless router combined with a wireless bridge or gaming adapter .They

communicate with each other by sending radio signals to transfer video content and

data. There are various wireless technologies standard such as the IEEE 802.11a,

802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n that are used by a wireless bridge or gaming adapter ,

12
and are capable of providing wireless link between broadband Internet service and

the Internet video link. This project aims at developing and implementing a Wi-Fi

network within and around Electrical/Electronics Engineering Lab, covering a

radius of 120m, for Internet access. Chapter 2 reviews the Nigerian communication

commission (NCC) act, wireless technologies, and Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering (IEEE) standards with a look at the various standards for

wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network and other competing network technologies. In

chapter three, a detailed look at the set-up of a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network is

presented .Thorough attention is given to the various steps involved in setting up a

wireless network, a Wi-Fi network ,the software and configuration approach.

Chapter four reviews the installation and set-up of a broadband connection and the

configuration of Wi-Fi broadband network with coverage area. The final chapter

deals with conclusion and recommendation for further studies/ improvement on our

project.

13
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

There are various emerging wireless network technologies allowing data

communication and Intemet access for homes and business. Two groups of these

technologies deserve particular attention. First is the circular network that extends

communication far beyond just telephone service .Then there is the wireless fidelity

(Wi-Fi) that denotes equipment conforming to the institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering technical specifications for wireless Local Area Network

(IEEE 802.11a, b, g standard). Wi-Fi network utilize unlicensed radio frequency

(2.5 and 5GHz) and are compatible with and may be connected to a wired Ethernet

Local Area Network.

2.1 NIGERIAN COMMUNICATION COMMISSION (NCC)

The Nigeria communication commission (NCC) is an independent United States

government agency, directly responsible to congress. The Federal Communication

Commission (FCC) was established by the commission Act of 1934 is charged with

regulating interstate and international communications by, radio, television, wire,

satellite and cable. The FCC’s jurisdiction covers not only the 50 states and the

14
District of Columbia, but also all U.S possession such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and

the Virgin Islands. [4]

The FCC make the laws within which Wireless LAN devices must operate. The

FCC mandate where on the radio frequency spectrum wire LANs can operate and at

what power, using which transmission technologies, and how and where various

pieces of wireless LAN hardware may be used.

2.2 INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING STANDARDS.

The institute of electrical and electronics engineering (IEEE) is the key standards

provider for most specifications related to information technology. The IEEE

creates its standards within the laws created by the FCC (Federal Communication

Commission) as an industry standard. The IEEE specifies May technology standard

such as public key cryptography (IEEE 1363), Firmware (IEEE 1394), Ethernet

(IEEE 802.3) and Wireless LANs.

2.3 IEEE 802.11 STANDARDS

This was the first, original standardized WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) at 1

and 2 mbps.It is within the 2.4GHz radio frequency and was ratified in 1997 even

15
though we didn’t see many products pop up until around 1999 when IEEE 802.11b

was introduced .All the committees listed below are amendment to the original

IEEE 802.11 standard except for IEEE 802.11f and IEEE 802.11j which are both

stand-alone documents [4]

Table 2.4 IEEE 802.11 COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES

COMMITTEES PURPOSE

IEEE 802.11a 54mbps, 5GHz standard

IEEE 802.11b Enhancement to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11mbps.

IEEE 802.11c Bridge operation procedures; included in the IEEE

802.1D standards

IEEE 802.11d International roaming extensions.

IEEE 802.11e Quality of service.

IEEE 802.11f Inter-access point protocol

IEEE 802.11g 54mbps, 2.4GHZ standard (backward compatible with

IEEE 802.11b)

IEEE 802.11h Dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and

Transmit Power control (TPC) at 5GHZ

16
IEEE 802.11i Enhanced security

IEEE 802.11j Extension for Japan and U.S public safety.

IEEE 802.11K Radio resource measurement enhancement

IEEE 802.11m Maintenance of the standard, odds and ends

IEEE 802.11n Higher through put improvements using MIMO

(Multiple input, multiple output antenna)

IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment

(WAVE)

IEEE 802.11r Fast roaming. [4]

2.4.1 5GHZ (IEEE 802.11a)

This technology features faster speeds than the IEEE 802.11b network. Data

transfer rates of 54mbps are possible. At a higher frequency than other IEEE

802.11 technologies, interference is less of a problem. The disadvantages, however

includes less range and worse transmission through walls and floors. Portable

device consumes more powers than results in shorter battery life. In addition, these

products are less available for home networks. The IEEE 802.11a standard delivers

a maximum data rate of 54mbps with 12 non-overlapping frequency channels.

17
2.4.2 2.4GHZ (IEEE 802.11b)

With this, technology data transfer rate of 11mbps are possible. The range is longer

than IEE 802.11a. IEEE 802.11b functions at a lower frequency and, therefore less

draining on Laptop/PDA power and the range is greater. The IEEE 802.11b

standard has been widely adopted by other vendors and customers who found that

its 11mbps data rate worked pretty well for most applications. The disadvantages of

IEEE 802.11b are interference. Many common items such as portable phones,

microwave ovens and baby monitor use the same 2.4GHZ band.

2.4.3 2.4GHZ (IEEE 802.11g)

This version is an extension of IEEE 802.11b with similar benefit and a limitation

except that is much faster (54mbps) IEEE 802.11g is replacing IEEE 802.11b as the

new standard for home wireless network. Fortunately, IEEE 802.11g devices can

connect directly with IEEE 802.11b but will function at their original slower speed

of 11mbps. As with 1EEE 802.11b, there is less power consumption and there is a

longer range when compared to IEEE 802.11a since IEEE 802.11b/g operates in the

same 2.4 GHZ unlicensed band, migrating to IEEE 802.11g is an affordable choice

for organizations with existing IEEE 802.11b wireless infrastructures. IEEE 802.11

18
b uses a modulation technique called Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) that

is just not as robust as the orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

modulation used by both 1EEE802.11a and IEEE 802.11g clients using OFDM

enjoy better performance at the same range as IEEE 802.11b clients do.

2.4.4 5GHZ (IEEE 802.11h)

In this version, there are two new features of the 5GHZ radio that are part of the

IEEE 802.11h specifications .Transmit Power Control (TPC) and Dynamic

frequency selection (DFS). DFS: This feature continuously monitors a device

operating range for any radar signals that are allowed to operate in portions of

the 5GHZ band as well as IEEE 802.11a before transmitting .If DFS discovers

any radar signal, it will either abandon the occupied channel or mark it as

unavailable to prevent interference from occurring on the WLAN (Wireless

local Area Network). [4]

TPC: Although it is being used by the mobile phone industry for a long time,

this technology has some handy new uses .It can set a client machine’s adapter and

the access points transmit power to cover various size range-a feature that is useful

for many reasons. One, setting the access points transmit power to 5MW reduces

19
cell range, which works well if one has a compact area with high density usage.

Further advantages include the fact that TPC enables the client and the access

points to communicate, this means that the client can fine-tune its transmit power

dynamically, so it uses just enough energy to preserve its connection to the access

point, conserve it’s battery power, plus reduce interference on the neighboring

WLAN cell. [4]

2.5 COMPARING IEEE 802.11

Table 2.5 IEEE802.11 comparison

8o2.11b 802.11g 802.11h

2.4GHZ 2.4 GHZ 5GHZ

Most common Higher through put High through put

Up to11mbps Up to 54mbps Up to 54mbps

20
DSSS DSSS/OFDM OFDM

3 non-overlapping channel 3-non over lapping channel Up to 23-non overlapping

Channel

Distance limited by multipath Through put degraded by 802.11b

Lower
clientmarket

penetrations

2.5.1 2.4GHZ/5GHZ (IEEE802.11n)

IEEE 802.11n builds upon previous IEEE802.11 Standards by adding multiple –

input multiple-output (MIMO), which employs multiple transmitters and receiver

antennas to increase data throughput.IEEE 802.11n can have up to eight antenna,

but most of today’s access points use four. These are sometimes referred to as

antennas, and if these are four, two would be used for transmitting simultaneously

with the other two receiving simultaneously. This setup would allow for much

higher data rates than IEEE 802.11b/g. In fact, providers claim that it will provide a

bout 250mbps. [4]

21
2.6 COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES

There are several technologies that compete with the IEEE 802.11 family of

standards. As business needs changes, and technologies improve, there will

continued to be new standard created to support the market as well as new

inventions that drive enterprise spending. Other wireless LAN technologies and

standard that are in use today include:

-Home RF

-Bluetooth

-Infrared

-Open Air

2.6.1 HOME RF

Home RF Operates in the 2.4GHz band and uses frequency hopping technology.

Home RF devices hop at about 50 hops per second about 5 to 20 times faster than

most IEEE 802.11 complaint FHSS devices .The new version of Home RF, Home

RF 2.0 uses the new “wide band” frequency hopping rules approved by the FCC

and this is the first to do so .This is to say that the IEEE has not adopted the

Wide-band frequency hopping rules into the IEEE 802.11 series of standard [5]

22
2.6.2 BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is another frequency hopping technology that operates in the 2.4GHz

ISM band. The hop rate of Bluetooth devices is about 1600 hops per second (About

625µ s dwell time), so it has considerably more overhead than IEEE 802.11-

compliant frequency hopping systems. The high hop rate also gives the technology

greater resistance to spurious narrow band noise. Bluetooth systems are not

designed for high throughput, but rather for simple use, low power, and short range.

A major disadvantage of using Bluetooth technology is that it tends to completely

disrupt other 2.4GHz networks. The high hop rate of Bluetooth over the entire

usable 2.4GHz band makes the Bluetooth signal appear to all other systems as all

band noise, or all band interference .Bluetooth also affects FHSS systems. All band

interference, as the name implies disrupts the signal appear to all other systems as

well as band noise, or all band interference.

Bluetooth also affect FHSS Systems. All-band interference, as the name implies

disrupts the signal over its entire range of usable frequencies rendering the

main signal useless.

Curiously, the counter-interference (interference provided by the wireless

23
LAN interfering with Bluetooth) does not impact the Bluetooth devices as

severely as Bluetooth impacts the IEE 802.11 compliant wireless LAN area that

read “No Bluetooth” in eye catching print. [5]

2.6.3 INFRARED DATA ASSOCIATION (IrDA)

IrDA is not a standard like Bluetooth, home RF, and the IEEE802.11 series of

standards, radar IrDA is an organization founded in June 1993, IrDA is a member-

Founded organization whose charter is to create an interruptible, low cost, low

power, Half-duplex, serial data interconnection standard that supports walk-up

points- to –points user model that is adaptable to a wide range of computer devices .

Infrared data transmission is known for its use in calculators, printers, some

buildings and In-room computer networks and now in handheld computer.[5]

INFRARED

Infrared (IR) is a light –based transmission technology and is not spread

spectrum-Spread spectrum technologies all use of RF radiation .IR devices can

achieve a maximum data rate of 4mbps at close range, but as light-based technology

, other Sources of IR transmissions. The typical data rate of an IR device is about

115kbps, which is good for exchanging data between handheld devices. An

24
important advantage of IR networks is that they do not interfere with spread RF

network is that they not interfere with spread spectrum RF networks. For this reason

, the two are complementary and can easily be used together.

2.6.4 OPEN AIR

The open air standard was a standard created by wireless LAN interoperability

forum (now defunct) for which many wireless LAN systems were created to comply

as an alternative to IEEE 802.11. Open Air specified two speeds- 800kbps and

1.6mbps Open Air and IEEE 802.11 system are not compatible, and will not

Interoperate since there are currently several product lines still available that

comply with the open Air standard .It is important that the wireless LAN

administrator know that Open Air exists. However, Open Air is quickly losing

support among vendors and no new products are being made that comply with this

standard. Open Air was the first attempt in interoperability and standardization

among wireless LANs. Open Air focused on FHSS devices operating at only two

speeds. [5].

2.7 HOW WIRELESS LANs WORKS

Wireless LANs use electromagnetic air waves (radio or infrared) to communicate

25
information from one point to another without relying on any physical connection.

Radio waves are often referred as radio carrier because they simply performs the

function of delivering energy to a remote receiver .

The data being transmitted is superimposed on the radio carrier so that it can be

accurately extracted at the receiving end. This is generally referred to as modulation

of the Carrier by the information being transmitted. Once data is superimposed

(modulated) unto the radio carrier, the radio signal occurs more than a single

frequency ,since the frequency or orbit rate of the modulating information adds to

the carrier.

Multiple radio carriers can exist in the same space at the time without

interfering with each other, if the radio waves are transmitted or different radio

frequencies .To extract data, a radio receiver tunes in One radio frequency while

rejecting all other frequencies.[6]

In typical wireless LAN configuration, a transmitter/receiver (transceiver) device,

called an access point, connects to a wired network from a fixed location using

standard cabling. At a minimum, the access point receives, buffers, and transmits

data between the wireless LAN and the wired network infrastructure. A single

26
access point can support a small group of users and can function with a range of less

than one hundred to several hundred feet. The access point (or the antenna attached

to the access point) is usually mounted high but may be mounted essentially any

where that is practical as long as the desired radio coverage is obtained.

End users access wireless LAN through wireless LAN adapters, which are

implemented as PC cards in notebooks or palmtop computers, as cards in desktop

computers or integrated within handheld computers. Wireless LAN adapters

provides an interface between the client network operating system (NOS) and the

air waves via an antenna .The nature of the wireless connection are transparent to

the NOS (Network Operating System). [6]

27
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 STEPS INVOLVED IN SETTING UP A WIRELESS NETWORK.

There are four steps involved in setting up a wireless network

1) Choose the wireless network equipment .

2) Connect the wireless router

3) Configure the wireless router

4) Connect the computers

For windows Xp users, windows Xp service pack 2 is not required for wireless

networking but it does make things much easier. Service pack 2 also helps protect

one against hackers, worms and other Internet intruders.

3.1 CHOOSE THE WIRELESS NETWORK EQUIPMENT

The first step is to make sure that one has the equipment needed for the network .

As one is looking for products in stores or on the Internet, you might notice that you

can choose equipments that supports three different wireless networking

technologies: IEEE 802.11a, IEEE802.11b,and IEEE 802.11g, IEEE802.11g is been

recommended because it offers exellent performance and is compatible with other

networks. [7]

28
 SHOPPING LIST

─Broadband Internet connection

─Wireless router

─A computer with inbuilt wireless networking support or a wireless network adapter

3.1.1 BASE STATION.

A router connects to the server that host the Internet and network resources .This is

the base station where all computers , wireless and cabled are connected through the

router and access hubs.

STATUS LED – A
blinking light
indicates that the DI –
624 is functioning
WAN LED – A solid light
indicates connection on the
WAN port. This LED blinks
during data transmission
W LAN LED – A solid
light indicates that the
wireless segment is ready.
This LED blinks during
wireless data transmission

LOCAL NETWORK LED – A solid light on

POWER LED – A solid light the port indicates a connection to an Ethernet
indicates a proper enabled computer on ports 1-4. This LED
connection to the power blinks during data transmission
supply

Fig 3.0 Wireless Router

29
 3.1.2 WIRELESS NETWORK ADAPTER

Network adapters wirelessly connect computers to your wireless router. If one

have a newer computer; one may already have wireless capability in-built. If this is

the case, then there is no need for wireless network adapter. If there is a need to

purchase an adapter for a desktop computer, a USB wireless network adapter is

recommended .The laptop has no wireless adapter, the PC card base network adapter

can be purchased and installed. Make sure that there is one adapter for every

computer on your network (wireless).

ACT
A blinking light indicates
transmission of data

USB- PORT
Used to connect DWA-
120 to your computer

Fig 3.1 Wireless Network Adapter.

Note: To make setup easy, choose a network adapter made by the same

manufacturer. As that of the wireless router. For example, if you find a good price

on the D-link Router, choose a D-link network adapter to go with it .To make

shopping even easier, buy a bundle, such as those available from the D-link,

Netgear, linksys, and Microsoft. If you have a desktop computer, make sure that

30
you have an available USB port to plug the wireless network adapter into. If one

does not have any USB ports buy a hub to have additional ports. [7]

3.2 CONNECTING THE WIRELESS ROUTER

Connect the wireless router to your modem. Your modem should stay connected

directly to the Internet. Later, after you have hooked everything up, your computer

will wirelessly connect to your router and the router will send communication

through your modem to the Internet.

Power supply
– 15VAC

Network
Connection –
RJ45 – port1

ADSL port

Fig 3.2 Router with all cables connected

Next connect your router to your modem.

Note: The instructions below apply to a link sys wireless router. The ports on the

router may be labelled differently, and the images may look different on your

router. Check the documentation that came with your equipment for additional

31
 assistance.

If you currently have your computer connected directly to your modem; unplug

the network cable from the back of your computer, and plug it into the port labelled

Internet, WAN, or WLAN, or WLAN on the back of your router.

If you do not currently have a computer connected to the Internet: plug one end

of a network cable (included with your router) into your modem and plug the other

end of the network cable into the Internet, WAN, WLAN port on your wireless

router.

If you currently have your computer connected to a router:-Unplug the network

cable connected to the Internet, WAN, WLAN port from your current router, and

plug this end of the network cable into the Internet WAN or WLAN port on your

wireless router .Then, unplug any other network cables, and plug them into any

available ports in your wireless router .you no longer need your original router,

because your new wireless router replaces it.

Next; plug in and turn on the cable or DSL modem. Wait a few minutes to give it

time to connect to the Internet, and then plug in and turn on the wireless router.

After a minute, the Internet, WAN, or WLAN light on the wireless router should

light up, indicating that it has successfully connected to the modem. [7]

3.3 CONFIGURING THE WIRELESS ROUTER

Using the network cable that came with the wireless router, should temporarily

connect any computer to one of the open network ports on the wireless router (any

32
port that is not labelled Internet, WAN, or WLAN) If you need to turn the computer

on, it should automatically connect to router.

Next, open Internet Explorer and type in the address to configure the router.

You might be prompted for a password; the address and password used will vary

depending on what type of router you have, so refer to the instructions included

with the router. As a quick reference, this table shows the default address,

usernames, and passwords for some common router manufactures.

Table 3.1 Default addresses, usernames, and passwords

Router Address Username Password

3com http://192.168.1.1 Admin Admin

D-link http://192.168.0.1 Admin ______

Link sys http://192.168.1.1 Admin Admin

Microsoft broadband http://192.168.2.1 Admin Admin

Netgear http://192.168.0.1 Admin Admin

Internet explorer will show the router’s configuration page .Most of the default

settings should be fine. But you should configure three things.

1 Your wireless network name, known as the SSID, this name identifies

the network .You should choose something unique that of your neighbors will

be using.

33
 2 Wireless encryption (WEP) or Wi-Fi protected Access (WPA), which

help protect your wireless network. For most routers, you will provide a pass

phrase that the router uses to generate several keys. Make sure the pass phrase

is unique and long (you do not need to memorizes it).

3 Your administrative password, which controls the wireless network just

like any other password, it should not be a word that you can password, it

should not be a word that you can find in the dictionary and it should be a

combination of letter, number, and symbols. Be sure that it can be

remembered easily, because you will need it if you ever have to change your

router’s settings .The exact step you follow to configure this settings will vary

depending on the type of router you have. After each configuration setting, be

sure to click save settings, apply or Ok to save your changes .Now you can

disconnect the network cable from your computer.[7]

3.4 CONNECT THE COMPUTERS

If the computer does not have wireless network support in-built, plug the

Network adapter into the USB port, and place the antenna on top of the computer

(In case of a desktop computer), or insert the network adapter into an empty PC

Card slot (in the case of a Laptop). Windows XP will automatically detect the new

adapter, and may prompt you to insert the CD that comes with the adapter.

The on-screen instructions will guide you through the configuration process.

Note: The steps below only apply while using Windows XP service Pack 2.

34
 If you are running windows XP and you do not have service Pack 2 yet, plug

the computer into the wireless router, download and install windows XP service

pack 2. Windows XP should show an icon with a notification that says it has found

a wireless network.

Follow these steps to connect the computers to the wireless network.

1) Right-click the wireless network icon in the lower right Corner of the screen,

and then click view available wireless network. If you run into any problems,

consult the documentation that came with your network adapter. Do not be

afraid to call their technical support.

2) The Wireless network connection window should appear and the wireless

network should be seen and listed with the network name chosen. If the

network fails to appear, click refresh network list in the upper left corner.

Click the network and then click connect in the lower right corner.

3) Windows XP prompts one to enter a key. Types the encryption key that you

wrote down earlier in both the network key and confirm network key boxes,

then click connect.

4) Windows XP will show its progress as it connects to the network. After you are

connected ,you can now close wireless network connection window.[7]

3.5 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) CONFIGURATION

To access Wi-Fi service laptop/computer should be wireless enabled

1. Enter IP 192.168.1.1 , in internet explorer after connecting the router as

before (as in ADSL Router without Wi-Fi capability).

35
2. Enter user name password as before (as in ADSL router without Wi-Fi

capability) i.e. Admin, admin.

3. Click tab interface setup shown below:

a) Click the Internet one will find a page, configure PVCs, enter user name and

Password as earlier (as in ADSL router without Wi-Fi capability) and click save

button.

b) To configure wireless setting click wireless Tab and you will get window as:

* Type the SSID

* You can configure channel ID

* Select authentication type by clicking combo box and enter key in required

format.

You can filter /allow Mac address by activating wireless Mac address filter as

desired by clicking activation tab. You have to enter the Mac address of the Wi-Fi

card installed in your laptop /computer, Up to 8 MAC can be allowed or denied.

Click save button .One user is allowed to access the Wi-Fi service from this access

point .i.e. 00:14:A4:19:74:8c.

If you enter Wi-Fi card MAC addresses of other laptops /computers (Maximum 8

laptops/computers allowed).Click ‘save’ button

c) To configure LAN (Local Area Network) settings like DNS, DHCP, click LAN

‘TAB’ and then click ‘save’ button.

Important key point to prevent misuse of Wi-Fi facility by unauthorized user:

always use security feature of Wi-Fi router given above and repeated below again

36
1) SSID: - The SSID is a unique name to identify the ADSL router in wireless

LAN. Wireless clients associating to the ADSL Router must have the same SSID.

Broadcast SSID; select ‘NO’ to hide the SSID such that a station can not obtain the

SSID through passive scanning .Select ‘Yes’ to make the SSID visible so a station

can obtain the SSID through the passive scanning.

2) Wireless LAN:-WEP (wired equip privacy)

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the

wireless network .Select Disable to allow all wireless computers to communicate

with the access point without any data encryption .Select 64-bit WEP keys or 128-

bit WEP to use data encryption.

Key#1-key#4: The WEP keys are used to encrypt data .Both the ADSL Router

and the wireless clients must use the same WEP key for data transmission .If you

choose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 character each key (1-4). If you choose 128-bit

WEP, then enter 13 characters for each key (1-4).The values must be set-up exactly

the same as the access point as they are in the wireless client station.

3) WIRELESS LAN: MAC FILTER.

One can allow or deny a list of MAC address associated with the wireless

stations access to the ADSL router.

Status: Use the drop down list box to enable or disable MAC address filtering.

Action: Select ‘Deny Association’ to block access to the router. MAC addresses

not listed will be allowed to access the router. Select ‘Allow Association’ to permit

access to router, MAC address not listed will be denied access to the router.

37
NOTE: One should always use Wi-Fi facility with activating the security features.

[8]

3.6 INSTALLATION OF THE WIRELESS ROUTER

If one purchases a router to share high speed Internet connection with other

computers, one must have an Ethernet – based cable or DSL modem with an

established Internet account from an Internet service provider (ISP).

It is best to use the same computer that is connected to the modem for

configuring the DI-624 multimode wireless router. The DI-624 acts as a DHCP

server and will assign all the necessary IP address information on the network.

3.6.1 CONNECTING THE DI-624 WIRELESS ROUTER TO A

NETWORK

A) First, connect the power adapter to the receptor at the back panel of the DI-624

router and then plug the other end of the power adapter to a wall outlet or power

strip. The power LED will turn ON to indicate proper operation.

B) Insert on end of an Ethernet cable to WAN port on the back panel of the DI-624

router and the other end to the Ethernet port located on the cable or DSL modem.

The WAN LED light will illuminate to indicate proper connection.

C) Insert an Ethernet cable to LAN port 1 on the back panel of the DI-624 and an

available Ethernet port on the network adapter in the computer to be used to

configure the DI-624 router. The LED light for LAN port 1 will illuminate to

indicate proper connection.

38
 Note: The WAN port and LAN port on the DI-624 are Auto-MDI/MDIS.

Meaning you can use a straight through or crossover-cable to the WAN port and

LAN.

D) Computers equipped with 802.11b/g wireless adapters will be able connect to the

router .The DWA-G650 Air plus xtreme G wireless card bus adapter and the

DWL-G520 air plus xtreme G wireless PCI adapter will be able to connect out of

the Box with the router using their default wireless settings. [9]

-Restart the computer

-Connecting additional computer to the DI-624.

- Using additional Ethernet (CAT5 UTP) cables connect the Ethernet LAN ports

on the back panel of the DI-624.

Fig 3.3 Wireless Router Connected to the Network

39
 Open the browser and type “http:1119-168.0.1” into the URL address box. Then

press the enter or return key The log on pop-up screen will appear .Type “admin”

for the user name and leave the password field back .Once you have logged in, the

home screen will appear .Set up your new password .Choose your time zone from

the drop down list.

Select your Internet connection. You will be prompted to select the type of

Internet connection for the router .If you selected Dynamic IP address, the screen

will appear: (Used mainly for cable Internet service).Click the “clone MAC

Address” buttons to automatically copy the MAC address of the network adapter

in the computer. One can also manually type in the MAC address [MAC address-

each network adapter has discrete Media Access Control {MAC} address].

If your ISP requires a static IP address, and this option is selected, then the pin

will appear for you to enter the IP address information originally provided to you by

your ISP.One will need to complete all the required field if your ISP uses PPPOE

(Point To Point Protocol Over Ethernet), and then the options are selected (used

mainly for DSL internet services)

Enter the username and password provided to you by your ISP, then click ‘next’.

Wireless setup-the default wireless settings for the IEEE.802.11b/g wireless

networks are

SSID = default.

Channel = 6

40
 One can change these settings to match an existing wireless network, and then

click next. If you wish to use encryption for the IEEE 802.11b/g network, the DI-

624 is capable of two levels of wireless encryption-64 bit and 128 bit. By default,

the encryption is disabled. One can change the encryption settings for more secured

wireless communication, and then click ‘next’.

The setting is complete! Click ‘restart’ and then click ‘close’. [9]

3.7 WIRELESS LAN CONFIGURATION

Wireless LANs can be simple or complex. At its most basic, two PCs equipped with

wireless adapter cards can set up an independent network whenever they are within

range of one another. This is called a Peer-to-Peer network.

On-demand networks such as in this example require no administration or

pre-configuration. In this case each client would only have access to the resources

of the other client and not to a central server.

Fig 3.4 A wireless peer to peer network

41
Installing an access point can extend the range of an ad hoc network, effectively

doubling the range at which the devices can communicate. Since the access point is

connected to the wired network each client would have access to server resources as

well as to other clients. Each access point can accommodate many clients; the

specific number depends on the number and nature of the transmissions involved.

Many real-world applications exist where a single access point services from 15-50

client devices. [6]

Fig 3.5 Client and Access Point

Access points have a finite range, on the order of 500 feet indoor and 1000 feet

outdoors. In a very large facility such as a warehouse, or on a college campus it will

probably be necessary to install more than one access point. Access point

positioning is accomplished by means of a site survey. The goal is to blanket the

coverage area with overlapping coverage cells so that clients might range

42
throughout the area without ever losing network contact. The ability of clients to

move seamlessly among a cluster of access points is called roaming. Access points

hand the client off from one to another in a way that is invisible to the client,

ensuring unbroken connectivity.

Fig 3.6 Multiple access points and roaming

To solve particular problems of topology, the network designer might choose to use

Extension Points to augment the network of access points. Extension Points look

and function like access points, but they are not tethered to the wired network as are

APs. EPs function just as their name implies: they extend the range of the network

by relaying signals from a client to an AP or another EP. EPs may be strung

together in order to pass along messaging from an AP to far-flung clients, just as

humans in a bucket brigade pass pails of water hand-to-hand from a water source to

a fire. [6]

43
Fig 3.7 Use of an extension point

One last item of wireless LAN equipment to consider is the directional antenna.

Let’s suppose you had a wireless LAN in your building A and wanted to extend it to

a leased building B, one mile away. One solution might be to install a directional

antenna on each building, each antenna targeting the other. The antenna on A is

connected to your wired network via an access point. The antenna on B is similarly

connected to an access point in that building, which enables wireless LAN

connectivity in that facility.

44
Fig 3.8 the use of directional antennas

Summary

Flexibility and mobility make wireless LANs both effective extensions and

attractive alternatives to wired networks. Wireless LANs provide all the

functionality of wired LANs, without the physical constraints of the wire itself.

Wireless LAN configurations range from simple peer-to-peer topologies to complex

networks offering distributed data connectivity and roaming. Besides offering end-

user mobility within a networked environment, wireless LANs enable portable

networks, allowing LANs to move with the knowledge workers that use them. [6]

3.8 GETTING AN IP ADDRESS

For the most part, if one has set the router to provide IP addresses within your

network using DHCP, your gaming PC or gaming console will automatically

connect to the router when the device is turned on and will send a Dynamic Host

Configuration protocol (DHCP) request to the router asking for an IP address. If

45
you have configured your gaming PC before, your computer should get its IP

address and be outline automatically, or one might need to go into a program to

select an access point and enter the WEB password, but otherwise, it should just

work without any interval. [11]

3.9 IP ADDRESSING (INTERNET PROTOCOL)

An IP address consist of the numbers 0and 255, such as 125.23 252.2.Every

node on a network requires its own IP address. On a network, IP address can be

divided into two portions: a network address and a host address .The network

address are shared by all the nodes on that network. The host address is unique to

that node.

There are 32 bits in every IP address. This corresponds to a total of

232=4,294,967,296.Possible address. One might think that 4 billion IP addresses

would be enough for a world of just over 6 billion people. Although not all IP

address is engaged at once, all available IP address are taken. [10]

There are five different categories of IP addresses available which

CLASS DESCRIPTION

A IP address between 1.0.0.0 and 126.255.255.255 –

suitable fornetworks with millions of nodes

B IP address between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255 –

suitable for networks with thousands of nodes

46
C IP address between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255 –

suitable for network of up to 254 computers.

D IP address between 224.0.0.0 and 239.255.255.255 – are

reserved for multi cast applications.

E IP address between 240.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.254 – are

reserved for experimental use. [10]

47
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 HOW TO INSTALL AND SET-UP BROADBAND CONNECTION.

Why is broadband better than dial up? There is an easy answer to this

question. It is fast and always on. There is no need to dial up or reconnect down

streams speeds are as high as 2mbps or more. However, there are many broadband

technologies such as satellite available where cable and DSL are not found. In the

course of this project, concern has been in the emerging wireless technologies

extending the reach of the internet and other data communication beyond the

home/business. Below are two sections involved in the installation and setup of

broadband connections.

4.1 Section 1 – Getting Ready for Broadband

In order to share a broadband connection between two or more computers

using a network set-up called a ‘Peer-to-Peer’ network, you need to have the

following components which connect the computers together. Care has to be taken

not to purchase equipment which “integrates” these devices into one single unit.

List of the basic components

- ADSL Modem (some times called a DSL modem)

- Router

- Network Hub or Switch.

48
4.1.1 THE HUB OR SWITCH

The device which sits between the computers is called either a switch or hub

(both do the same job of controlling the network traffic). Each computer is able to

send and receive data over the network cabling. The hub sends this data to all of the

computers on the network and a switch would direct it only to the correct computer.

A switch can do two jobs at the same time, sending and receiving data which is a

speed bonus. However, if the computer tries to access the Internet, which is one

huge network (some times referred to as a WAN – wide area network), we would

have computers exposed to the whole world, and the network would simply not

work with this type of set up. We need a device which keeps our small intranet

home/office network separate from the Internet. [12]

4.1.2 THE ROUTER

The “router” does the job of dealing with specific Internet requests made by the

computers on our home/office network. It translates the Internet request from each

computer on our network into a special format for the Internet servers. It acts like a

sort of bridge, directing only Internet traffic from our network to the

Internet and back again (routing), keeping internal network traffic separate from the

Internet traffic.

49
D. C. LAN PORTS – B. WAN PROT-
Antennas These are the for This is for the
Used to Ethernet cables to connection of an
wirelessly Ethernet enabled Ethernet cable to the
connect to computers. cable or DSL
802.11g
or

802.11b

RESET BUTTON – Pressing this

button restores the router to its A. Receptor for
original default factory setting power adapter

Fig 4.0 Wireless Router

4.1.3 THE MODEM

With the network traffic controlled and directed from our network towards the

Internet, what is needed now is a device which can “communicate” with the ISP

(Internet Service Provider) servers over the telephone lines. The network data is in

the correct format but we need to send this information down the telephone line at

as high a speed as is possible. The device which does this is the modem. This is

where ADSL comes into play (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line). These

modems are able to convert our network data into high frequency signals which are

placed onto the telephone lines. Special filters allows these high frequencies to be

kept separate from the voice signals and therefore the modem is always connected

to the ISP servers, and there is no need to always dial-up the ISP when one want to

go surf the Internet.[12]

50
Fig 4.1 Wireless Modem

4.2 CONNECTING THE PARTS

This set-up is based upon an integrated – ADSL modem; router, 4-port switch

and may also include a firewall and wireless access point as well. This type of

equipment such as Netgear’s DG824M is proving to be very popular because it

makes the wiring and set-up requirements that much simpler. The set-up was first

built around a 5-port hub and when we finally had ADSL broadband activated, we

fitted the DG824M from Netgear. The set up was simple to do only the wiring

proved to be the biggest hurdle as we wanted the DG824M to be sited next to the

phone socket.

51
SECTION 2: INSTALLING THE BROADBAND ACCESS

Before purchasing the equipment, remember that some of the equipment do

come as integrated products. Netgear’s is a good product to be used, but there are

other suppliers who offer similar products.

There are three steps to be considered when installing the broadband access:

-Mounting the modem

-Connecting router to the network

-Network preparation.

4.3.1 Step 1 – Mounting the Modem

Chose a position as close to the “main” master phone socket as possible. It

would probably make sense to keep any distortion to the ADSL signal to a

minimum that will improve the final connection speed. That decision proved to be

successful with a connection speed of 480kbits per second or 48kBytes/second

during midday. The exchange is approximately 4.5kilometres away. The router

reports a theoretical connect speed of 576kbits/second,

with good signal strength. Belkin micro-filters for the other phones in the house

although the DG824M comes supplied with one filter in the package. The first

problem is the power socket needed to power the DG824M CAT5 cable network

which was now installed and a twin figure 8 cables for the 15VA supply down

plastic ducting from the attic to the master phone socket.

52
4.3.2 Step 2 – Connecting Router to the Network

Connecting the router to the network requires laying CAT5 Ethernet cable from the

router to the hub or switch (if you have an existing network), or one cable for each

computer intended to be connected directly to the router (make sure the router has

sufficient ports for the number of computers – max 4 using this model on the

DG824M).

Fig 4.2 Connection of Wireless Router

4.3.3 Step 3 – Network Preparation

Now that all of the wiring is done there are some basic things that need to be

done before switching on the new router. The network may be configured with

static IP addresses (as suggested in the Network Project) and connection to the

Internet was done through a dial-up modem. These must be changed before

switching on the router. Most routers require that the computers collect to the

53
network information from them using what is called “DHCP”-Dynamic Host

Control Protocol. This means that the router will take control of the allocation of IP

address for the computers on the network (it can remember which computers are on

the network as determined during switch-on) and any request for Internet access

will need to be redirected to the ADSL modem. The procedures below show how to

proceed:-

- Uninstall any dial-up software from the computers

- Uninstall modem drivers before removing the dial-up modem

- Remove the modem (switch off computer to do this)

- Use step 4 onwards to configure the network properties for each computer. [12]

4.3.4 Step 4 – Network Configuration

With the computers switched on make the following changes to the network

properties for each computer before switching on the router.

Changing the network properties

1) Removing the dial-up account: - First select control panel and navigate to

Internet properties, select connection and remove dialer. There should be no dial

shown when this is completed.

2) Removing the modem- Depending upon what type of router used, make sure

that its driver is uninstalled .Navigate to the device manager by right clicking on the

computer. Select the hardware that will load to the device manager .If the modem

driver has been successfully removed; it will not be listed on the device driver list.

54
3) Changing the network properties-Navigate to network and Internet options,

using the control panel. Select the network connection options to find the network

connection properties. Right click on the icon which shows the network connection

for the computer. This will lead to the set-up screen to allow one to make the

network changing needed for the router to work correctly. Screw down until to find

the following Internet protocol (TCP/IP), highlight it and select properties .Now one

can select from the general tab and set to obtain IP address automatically and obtain

DNS server address automatically .Once the above has been done- Select Advance

option, you will then see a dialogue box that will help check if the DHCP is

disabled. The router will need this option to enable it function dynamically. Allocate

IP addresses for each computer on the network.

4) Changing the Internet properties - All that is left now is to change the way the

browser and e-mail client such as outlook access the Internet. First, right click on

the browser icon on the desktop- on the dial up box, select connection and make

sure that the dialer has been removed. Select the LAN settings. This will be to

connection options for the browser. Tick the box automatically detects settings.

From the tool’s menu, select E-mail account, and then next. Highlight the e-mail

account and the change –and then on the dialogue box select more settings and

select the tab called connection and click the box connect using my Local Area

Network (LAN). [12]

55
4.4 GOING BROADBAND

This is basically straight forward as long as the connections are properly

made: - power supply, CAT5 cabling, computers to the hub, router to the hub. Read

the manufactures instructions that came with the router/ADSL modem. They all

seem to follow a similar procedure if one uses your browser to LOG ON to the

router to start the set-up process. Connect the ADSL modem/router to the ADSL

phone line then:-

1. Switch on the router/ADSL modem (DG824M – combined with ADSL Modem,

router, 4 port switch and firewall).

2. The unit will begin its start-up process – detecting the ADSL signal, etc. When

completed – you should have LED’s showing a steady green (check the instruction

sheet). A fast flashing LED on a port indicates a fault with the network cable

connections will appear.

3. Turn all computers (do not forget any additional hubs used in your Network). The

router should indicate any connections on the front panel.

4. Log onto the router using the manufactures instructions and follow the on Screen

help menu. It really is a very simple process. Use the details provided by your ISP

to log on to their broadband service.

5. If the computers do not register correctly with the router – switch off the Router

and wait for a minute and switch it back on again with the computers already

switched on. This time the router will start looking for the computers and should

detect them.

56
NOTE: Make sure the computers are switched off before switching on the router

and make sure also that the router is connected to the ADSL line feed. [12]

4.5 COST ANALYSIS

Below is the cost of setting up a wireless fidelity ( WI- FI) network of about
120m coverage area.
Table 4.5 Cost of materials used

S/N LIST OF MATERIAL OR AMOUNT RATE TOTAL

EQUIPMENTS (#) AMOUNT

1 Desktop computer (Provided by 3

ANSU)

2 Laptop computer (with built in 1

wireless network adapter)

3 UPS(Uninterruptible power 3
supply) ANSU

4 D-link D1-624wireless Router 18,000 1 18,000

5 D-Link wireless Network Adapter 5,000 2 10,000

6 DSL Ethernet MODEM 10,500 1 10,500

7 VSAT or DSL Dish 1

Total 38,500

57
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

The Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) network designed and implemented is for the

Electrical/ Electronics Engineering Laboratory, and can be called a Wi-Fi

“Hotspot”. It has a server, two wireless desktop computers and provision for cabled

network which gives the networked computers access to the server and its

resources. The main trust of the Hot Spot is that wireless computers example;

Laptop with wireless network facilities can equally share resources with the server

and other network computers. The Hot Spot has a range of 120 meters outdoors and

close to 60 meters indoors (within the lab). Internet services when provided will

equally be shared as well as printers, files etc, as determined by the network

properties. The design project has successfully provided a Wi-Fi Hot Spot for the

Electrical/ Electronics Engineering department which will be fully actualized with a

VSAT Internet facility.

5.1 RECOMENDATION

The design can be further enhanced in so many ways.

1) Our implementation used the IEEE 802.11g Wi-Fi network router which limits

the coverage to within 120meters outdoors. This can be improved with the use of

the IEEE 802.11n router which has a range of up to 1.5km.

2) For better coverage and less interference 5 GHZ air interference can be

adopted instead of 2.4GHZ which is becoming crowded. Note that both frequencies

are still within unlicensed frequency range.

58
3) It is recommended that for the department to fully benefit from the

implementation of our design, a VSAT internet facility must be procured as soon as

possible.

4) Other Wi-Fi Hot Spots can be activated to form a Wi-Fi mesh network with

just one VSAT installation and several computers networked to share resources,

wirelessly and by cable network. This can form a wireless cloud covering the whole

Uli campus of the University. The possibilities are limitless, as long as one is

imaginative and can adapt to technological changes which occur every second in the

Internet/ wireless network industry.

59
 REFERENCES

1) Nwabueze, C.A, “Enhanced broadband wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network

technology”. SEES Journal, Vol 2, pp 14-15

2) “What is the meaning of Wi-Fi”? www.teleclick.cal2005. Retrieved on

31-08-2007.

3) Securing Wi-Fi Networks with today’s technologies”.

http://www.wi-fi.org, Retrieved on 31-08-2007.

4) “Cisco’s wireless technologies”. Introduction to wireless technology.

Chapter 12, pp 704-712.

5) “Certified Wireless Network Administrator.

Official study guide”, Wireless LAN Organization and Standards.

Chapter 6 pp151 and 155.

6) “What is a wireless LAN”? http://www.WirelessLAN.com

Networking books and tutorials. Northrop T. “Four steps to set up your

home wireless network”.

7) http://www.googles.com

8) “Wi-Fi Configuration”. www.googles.com.

9) “Installation of Wireless Router”. D-link installation manual DI-624

Wireless 108G Routers.

10) “Mastering Windows XP professional”. Windows XP professional

Networking and Network Design primer. Chapter 15, pp 573.

60
11) “Wireless home networking for Dummies” PDF. Using a wireless network.

Part IV.

12) “How to install and set up your own broadband connection”.

www.Microdiy.co.uk. Retrieved on 02-11-2003.

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62