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Answer No#01

PERSONALITY:

Personality can be characterized as the distinctive patterns of thinking, emotion

and action that make up the personal style of an individual interacting with the physical and
social environment.

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO

FREUD’S PERSPECTIVE:

According to Freud’s perspective the psychological development in childhood take place during
the five psychosexual stages:

 Oral stage
 Anal stage
 Phallic stage
 Latency stage
 Genital stage

These are the phases of psychosexuality, since each stage reflects the fixation on the particular
body region. As the person physically grows some body area becomes important as sources of
potential frustration or pleasure.

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES:

ORAL STAGE:

It takes place during the first 18 months of life, when the gratification of the child is focused on
the mouth. During this point the mouth is the focus of creation for pleasure. It is the development
stage of children. Satisfaction of this stage helps in the development of trust in later years it helps
in successful achievement of needs. It is very necessary to offer adequate and daily feeding.

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ANAL STAGE:

It is the second stage of oral development that occurs between the ages of 11/2 and 3, where the
greatest enjoyment of the infant includes the anus or its related eliminative functions. In Freud’s
view the exercise of anal muscles reduce tension. In this stage the toilet training is given through
which the child comes to contact with the rules of society.

PHALLIC STAGE:

It occurs during the stage of 3-6 years. It is the most crucial stage in this stage self-stimulation of
the genitals produce pleasure. During this stage pleasure focused on the genitals as the child
discover that the self-stimulation is enjoyable. Child pleasure forces on the genitals .daughter
attached with her father and son attached with his mother. In this stage child adopt their parent’s
behavior.

LATENCY STAGE:

It occurs during the age of 6-12 years. In this stage sexual feelings are exist. Child avoid
members of the other gander. Children spend more time and mostly associate with peers of the
same sex.

GENITAL STAGE:

It occurs during the stage of 12 years to onward. In this stage the adolescent adult has mature
sexual feelings and experiences pleasure from sexual relationship with others. They are attached
with opposite sex peers.

UNCONCIOUS BEHAVIOUR OF THE MIND:

Uncurious mental level includes all the thoughts, impulses or instincts that are outside our
consciousness which influence our speech, thoughts and behavior. (E.g. slip of tongue, dreams,
and wishes)

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Element of unconscious mind are in accessible to consciousness. It is the store house for all the
memories, emotions, and reactions that the person encounters in his life.

CONCIOUS BEHAVIOUR OF THE MIND:

The standard of mental life which is accessible directly to us. The awareness of our own mental
process.it is concerned through feelings and sensations, memory I.Q.

By attention, within the body, the individual becomes aware of perceptual stimuli from the
outside world.

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Answer No# 02

MASLOW’S THEORY OF NEEDS:

According to Maslow’s theory our actions are motivated in order to achieve certain needs.
Maslow’s suggest that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on other, more
advanced needs . People need to satisfy their most important needs first , then when they achieve
this they can more onto the next important need.

There are five stages.

 Self-actualization needs
 Esteem needs
 Love& belonging needs
 Safety needs
 Physiological needs
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEED:
Self-actualization is the instinctual needs of humans to make the most of their abilities
and try to strive to be the best they can need for growth and utilization of potential,
becoming all that one can be self-fulfillment due to this fact people grow and able to
challenge themselves .people in this stage tend to have needs such as : morality,
creativity, problem solving, acceptance of facts truth justice.
ESTEEM NEEDS:
Esteem need can be classified as external or internal need
Internal need: needs to related self-esteem such as the need to respect yourself and
achieve.
External need: need are those such as social status, recognition, reputation.
LOVE & BELONGING NEED:
Humans have desire to belong to family, groups work group religious group etc . we need
to feel loved by others ,accepted by others and seek to overcome the feeling of loneliness.
We need to be needed. These needs are often overcome the psychological and safety

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 needs depending on the strength of peer pressure. In childhood, the need is especially
high.
SAFTY NEEDS:
Once psychological needs have been met, attention and desire turns to safety and security
in order to be free from the treat of psychological and physical harm. The self-need
include
 The need to be free from anxiety and fear.
 The need to be secure in the environment
 Job security
 The need for order routine
 Financial security
 Good health
 Living in a safe area

According to the Maslow’s theory you cannot move up the pyramid to the next stage if you
feel threatened. Once the hazard is resolved one can raise the pyramid upwards.

PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED:

The psychological need to believe that others take you serious as you takes serious yourself.
This stage required to sustain life. It includes breathing, food, water, sleep, sex and
homeostasis. These are the basic need of human. This is very important to fulfill these
needs .first you fulfill these needs then you jump on the next stage.

EDUCATING CHILDREN THROUGH THEY SO THAT THEY HAVE

THE GRATEST POTENTIAL OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION:

Education motivation can be mistaken in the form of outstanding grades as the desire to achieve a
job and income, or acceptance from figures of authority. It is rarely addressed to its full potential,
whereby higher rates of social education may support both interpersonal relationships and a given
community's well-being while bringing meaning to individual lives. Maslow highlights the
importance of early experiences on individual development and personality stability; scaffolding for
autonomy and personal growth are attributed to reciprocity of love and respect from an early age.

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 Self-actualization involves a maturity level seen generally in those who undergo lifelong learning. In
order for a person to achieve self-actualization, the environmental conditions must be welcoming –
in some cases this takes several years.

There are four task related to self-esteem.

 Discover and understand oneself

 Express one’s inner core
 Find one’s passion core

  Discover one’s strengths or talents and learn how to use them to solve problems

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