Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
;dlaIKh
9 fYa%‚h
lshùï fmd;
ISBN 978-955-25-0372-6
ii
iii
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda
tl ksjfiys fjfikd
tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ
wm lh ;=< ÿjkd
wdkkao iurfldaka
iv
v
fmrjok
vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh
ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
fufyhùu -
ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s flduidßiaa ^ixj¾Ok&" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iïnkaëlrKh -
tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ iyldr flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ixialdrl uKav,h
wdpd¾h m%idoa úu,r;ak wxYdêm;s" ikaksfõok yd udOH ;dlaIK wOHhkdxYh"
fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07
wdpd¾h tÉ' t,a' fma%ur;a; fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl
wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07
wdpd¾h mS' tï' à' î' ikaÈß.u fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl bxðfkare fomd¾;fïka;=j"
bxðfkare mSGh" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h" fmardfoKsh
tia' ta' tia' f,dfrkaiq fyajd fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl úoHd wOHhkdxYh" reyqK
úYajúoHd,h" ud;r
fla' mS' tï' fla' is,ajd lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh"
fld<U
tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ iyldr flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
f,aLl uKav,h
ta' iqks,a iurùr .=re WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh" lE.,a,
whs' wd¾' tka' tÉ' lreKdr;ak uOHia:dk l<ukdlre" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh"
ckdêm;s úoHd,h" uyr.u
fla' ù' tia' tï' fudydka,d,a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl
iïm;a uOHia:dkh" fo‚hdh uOH uyd úoHd,h" fo‚hdh
ví' tï' ta' tia' úfÊfialr uOHia:dk l<ukdlre ^úY%dñl&" yd,swe, mß.Kl iïm;a
uOHia:dkh" yd,swe,
à' fla' m,a,sh.=ref.a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" nm$ch$Y%S hfYdaOrd
uyd úoHd,h" msÜgq.," ud,fí
mS' fÊ' fla' ly.,a, mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl
iïm;a uOHia:dkh" Y%S rdyq, nd,sld úoHd,h" ud,fí
NdId ixialrKh
rxð;a b¨mamsáh ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
vii
6 - 11 fY%aKs f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fm<fmd;aj,
wka;¾.; lreKq iy isiqkaf.a ks¾udKYS,s;ajh j¾Okh ms<sn`o
fhdackd iy .=Kfodia feedbackicttextbook@gmail.com hk
,smskhg tjkafka kï lD;{ fjuq'
ixialdrl uKav,h
viii
mgqk
msgq wxl
2 úoHq;a me;=reïm;a 22
3 l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su 29
5 mß.Kl cd,lrKh 66
ix
x
1
mß.Kl iy m¾hka; Wmdx. ñ, §
.ekSu i`oyd msßú;r ieliSu
wka;¾cd,hg
msúiSu Y%jH$oDYH
,sms f,aLk ixialrKh
ieliSu lsÍu
.%e*sla
mß.Kl ks¾udKh
l%Svd lsÍu lsÍu
fïi mß.Klh
(desktop computer)
fiajdodhl mß.Klh ish,a, u tll mß.Klhl
(server computer) (all-in-one computer)
mß.Kl
j¾.
jevy,a mß.Kl
(workstation computer) Wl=¿ mß.Klh
(laptop computer)
fkdaÜnqla mß.Klh
iqyqre ¥rl:kh (notebook computer)
(smart phone)
geí,Ü mß.Klh
(tablet computer)
rEmh 1'2 - ñ, § .; yels mß.Kl j¾. lsysmhla i`oyd WodyrK
uhsfl%df*dakh
ixo¾Ylh
m%ldY
oDV ;eáh ;eá
uqøK hka;%h Odjlh
kdolh
iefK,s
Odjlh
h;=re mqjrej
uQislh
rEmh 1'3 - mß.Kl m¾hka; Wmdx.
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 5
by; rEmh 1'3 ys oelafjk m¾hka; Wmdx. wdodk" m%;os dk iy wdphk f,i
j¾. lr my; j.=j 1'2 ys olajd we;'
j.=j 1'2 - m¾hka; Wmdx.
wdodk (input) m%;sodk (output) wdphk (storage)
h;=remqjrej ixo¾Ylh (monitor) oDV ;eá Odjlh (hard disk drive)
(keyboard)
uQislh (mouse) uqøK hka;%h (printer) m%ldY ;eá Odjlh (optical disk drive)
uhsfl%df*dakh kdolh (speaker) iefK,s Odjlh (flash drive)
(microphone)
iam¾Yl ;srh (touch screen) pqïnl má Odjlh (magnetic tape
drive)
È. : 210 mm
m<, : 148 mm
msgq .Kk : 40
fld<hl >klu : 60 GSM
j¾.h : ;ksrE,a
wNHdi fmd;lg msßú;r ;sfnk wdldrhg u mß.Klhl o msßú;r we;'
6 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
mqoa., wjYH;djg wkqj msßú;r fjkiaùu
isiqka fofofkl= úIh wjYH;d wkqj fmd;a 2la ñ, § .ekSfï wjia:djla
i,luq' ksoiqkla f,i .Ks;h úIhh i`oyd fldgqrE,a wNHdi fmd;la o" Ñ;%
úIhh i`oyd úYd, m%udKfha Ñ;% w`osk fmd;la o" ñ, § .ekSfï § tjeks fmd;aj,
msßú;r i`oyd WodyrK my; oelafõ'
1'5'1 ilikh
ñksid hkq ish¨ Ôùka w;ßka nqoaêu;a u
Ôúhd fõ' ñksid úiska .kq ,nk fndfyda ;SrK
i`oyd fuka u lrkq ,nk fndfyda l%shd i`oyd ñksia
fud<h iïnkaO fõ' ;j o ñksia fud<h ^rEmh 1'4&
fj; ,efnk iEu wdfõokhla u b;d u fõ.fhka
yeisrùfï yelshdj thg mj;s'
rEmh 1'4 - ñksia fud<h
4th Gen
Intel Core i7
TM
ilikfha fõ.h
ilikfha j¾.h
idudkHfhka ilikh ;=< mj;sk uOH ieliqï tall m%udKh wkqj
ilikfha j¾.h ;SrKh l< yels h' ta wkqj ilikh ;=< CPU tlla" folla
fyda y;rla mj;S kï my; oelafjk mßÈ kï flf¾' ^j.=j 1'3 n,kak&
j.=j 1'3 - ilik j¾.
CPU m%udKh j¾.h
1 Single Core
2 Dual Core
4 Quad Core
Book
Exercise
ageess
161060p pag
4 TB oDV ;eáh
1 TB oDV ;eáh
msgq 40 fmd;
msgq 160 fmd;
rEmh 1'8 - oDV ;eáj, Odß;d
10 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'4 n,kak'
1'5'3 ixo¾Ylh
ixo¾Ylfha m%udKh
w;a Trf,daij
q lg idfmalI
a j ì;a;s Trf,daij
q la úYd, ksid fõ,dj myiqfjka
oel .; yels fia u l=vd ixo¾Ylhlska oiqka keröug jvd úYd, ixo¾Ylhlska
oiqka keröu myiq fõ'
jvd mq¿,a oiqka keröu i`oyd ;srfha m%udKh b;d jeo.;a fõ' ;srfha
m%udKh .Kkh flfrkafka úl¾Kh Tiafia mj;sk È. m%udKh w``.,aj,sks'
^rEmh 1'9 n,kak&
19 inch
ixo¾Ylfha ;dlaIKh
ksIamdok ;dlaIKh wkqj ixo¾Ylh my; oelafjk mßÈ j¾. lr we;'
² lef;dav lsrK k< ixo¾Ylh (CRT - Cathode Ray Tube monitor)
² øj iaMál ixo¾Ylh (LCD - Liquid Crystal Display monitor )
² wdf,dal úfudapl vfhdav ixo¾Ylh (LED - Light Emitting Diode monitor)
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 11
LCD /LED ixo¾Ylh
CRT - ixo¾Ylh
rEmh 1'10 - CRT iy LCD /LED ixo¾Yl
1024 MB = 1 GB
1'5'6 Yío m;
Yío flfjks
mßYS,l
mßYS,l
fhÿï uDÿldx.
fhÿï uDÿldx.
fufyhqï moaO;sh
oDVdx.
fufyhqï moaO;sh
oDVdx.
1'6'1 j.lSu
a. ksIamdol j.lSu
c. jevìfï j.lSu
fuys § ks,OdÍka meñK NdKavh kv;a;= lsÍu" wl%sh
fldgia mj;S kï tajd bj;a lr kj fldgia we;=<;a lsÍu
yd NdKavfha l%shdldÍ;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu jeks lghq;= isÿlsÍu
idudkHfhka isÿ fõ'
mß.Klhla ñ, § .ekSfï § fmdÿfõ ,nd fok j.lSï
ld,hla mej;sh o mß.Klfha úúO fldgia i`oyd úfYaI j.lSï
ld, we;=<;a úh yels h'
1'6'2 ñ,
mß.Klhlg m¾hka; Wmdx. iïnkaO lsÍu flfjks (port) yryd isÿ fõ'
tneúka mßYS,lf.a wjYH;d wkqj mß.Kl m¾hka; Wmdx. f;dard .;a; o tajd
mß.Klhg iïnkaO lsÍug iqÿiq flfjks mß.Klh ;=< ;sìh hq;= h' tneúka
i,ld ne,sh hq;= flfjks yd tajdg iïnkaO l< yels m¾hka; Wmdx. lsysmhla
my; oelafõ'
Network port
USB Port
rEmh 1'18
18 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
c. Bluetooth iy Wi-Fi myiqlï
cx.uj Ndú; lrkq ,nk mß.Kl i`oyd /yeka rys; cd, iïnkaO;d f.dv
ke.Sug Bluetooth iy Wi-Fi myiqlï mej;Su
mß.Klhla f;dard .ekSfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;= uQ,sl msßú;r w;ßka lsysmhla
my; oelafõ' ^rEmh 1'19 n,kak&
WodyrK
ilikfha fõ.h
processor speed 2.8 GHz
;srfha m%udKh
19 inches
screen size
mß.Kl msßú;r
specification mß.Klfha ñ,
Rs 65000.00
computer price
j.lSu
3 years
;dlaIKsl warranty
fkdjk
non-technical iud.fï lS¾;skduh
company reputation
idrdxYh
² mqoa., wjYH;dj wkqj ñ, § .; yels mß.Kl j¾. lsysmhls'
◦ fiajdodhl (server)
◦ jevy,a (workstation)
◦ fïi (desktop)
◦ ish,a, u tll (all-in-one)
◦ Wl=¿ (laptop)
◦ fkdaÜnqla (notebook)
◦ geí,Ü (tablet)
◦ iqyqre ¥rl:kh (smart phone)
G7
A B C D E F G
1
2
3
fma<s - Row 4
fma<shlg 5
f,an,hla 6
we;' tajd 1 isg 7
wdrïN jk 8
b,lalï h' 9
10
11
12 B
Font
wl=re j¾. - Font
Times New Roman háka brla we`§ug mdg fh§ug -
Cambria
Fill colour
- Underline
Nirmala UI
TT FMBindumathi
ab
General
%
m%;sY;h - 23% , 45%, 75%
½
Nd. - 2/9, 4/5
2 úoHd;aul - 5677=5.68E+03
10
= + - * /
tl;= l sÍu i`oyd jeä lsÍu i`oyd
Y%s; - Function
idrdxYh
² Y%s; iy iQ;% fhdod .ksñka .Kkh lsÍï o" o;a; f;aÍï o" m%ia;dr ks¾udKh
lsÍu o i`oyd fhdod .; yels ;Sre iy fma<sj,ska iukaú; f,aLkhla
me;=reïm;la f,i ye`Èkafõ'
² ;Srejla iy fma<shla tl;= jk ia:dkh fldaIhla hkqfjka ye`Èkafõ'
² ;Sre bx.%Sis A wlaIrfhka wdrïN jk w;r fma<s wxl 1ka wdrïN fõ'
² kj f,aLkhla ,nd .ekSu New" újD; lsÍu Open" ;ekam;a lsÍu Save"
uqøKh Print" uqøK fmr oiqk Print Preview" fmr l%shdj Redo" wdmiq l%shdj
Undo, lemSu Cut, msgm;a lsÍu Copy" we,ùu Paste, wlaIr úkHdih yd
jHdlrK Spelling wdÈh fmdÿ fuj,ï h'
² Y%s; Ndú;fhka .Kkh lsÍï lrkq ,nhs'
² SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN wdÈh .Kkh lsÍï i`oyd fhdod .kq ,nk
ir, Y%s; fõ'
² ;Sre m%ia;dr" ia;ïN m%ia;dr" f¾Ld m%ia;dr" jg m%ia;dr wdÈh u.ska o;a;
úYaf,aIKh isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
7 fY%K
a h
s f;dr;=re yd ikakfs õok ;dlaIKh fm<fmdf;ys i`oyka wdldrhg
Scratch l%uf,aLh http://www.scratch.mit.edu u.ska ,nd .kak'
jegqfKa Tõ zzisriZZ nj
isri o@ fmkajkak isri
ke; isri 2
zzw.hZZ nj fmkajkak
w.h 2
ksudj
Scratch l%uf,aLh 1
.e,Sï igyk 1 - ldishl isri fyda w.h ,eîu
wdrïNh
odÿ legh Wv oukak 2
odÿ legh Wv oukak jegqk w.h lSho @
1 2
Tõ w.h zz1ZZ nj
w.h 1 fõ o@
fmkajkak 2
ke; 2 2
Tõ w.h zz2ZZ nj
w.h 2 fõ o@
fmkajkak 3
ke; 3 2
w.h 3 fõ o@ Tõ w.h zz3ZZ nj
fmkajkak 4
ke;
4 2
w.h 4 fõ o@ Tõ w.h zz4ZZ nj
fmkajkak 5
ke;
5 2
Tõ w.h zz5ZZ nj
w.h 5 fõ o@
fmkajkak 6 2
ke;
w.h ''6'' nj fmkajkak
ksudj
Scratch l%uf,aLh 2
.e,Sï igyk 2 - odÿ leghl w.h ,nd .ekSu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 31
fuys w.hla ,efnk wjia:dj fldkafoais myla w;ßka tla fldkafoaishla
;Dma; jk úg fyda fldkafoais my u ;Dma; fkdjk úg fyda isÿfõ'
WodyrK 1 - jrlg tla ixLHdj ne.ska 1 isg 5 olajd we;s mQ¾K ixLHd m%;sodkh
lsÍu
wdrïNh
fuu .e,Sï igyfka wvx.=
fldkafoaish zzixLHdj 5 fyda
ixLHdj = 1
5 g wvq o@ZZ hkakhs'
wdrïNfha § u fldkafoaish
ixLHdj 5 ke; mÍlaId flfrk w;r th
fyda 5 g wvq ksudj i;H jk ksid mqk¾lrKh
o@ wdrïN flf¾'
ixLHdj m%;sodkh l< miq tu
Tõ
ixLHdjg tlla tl;= lrkq
ixLHdj m%;sodkh lrkak ,efí'
ixLHdj 5g jvd úYd, jQ úg
ixLHdjg 1 tl;= lrkak fldkafoaish wi;H jk ksid
mqk¾lrKh kj;S'
.e,Sï igyk 3 - 1 isg 5 olajd we;s
mQ¾K ixLHd m%;sodkh
c, fudagrh l%shd;aul
lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd§u
gexlsh c,fhka
ke; msÍ mj;S o@
Tõ
c, fudagrh l%shd úrys;
lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd§u
WodyrK 3 - YsIH kduf,aLkh ,l=Kq lsÍu i,lkak' fuys § isiqjd meñK isà
kï kduf,aLkfha 1 f,i o" meñK fkdisà kï 0 f,i o igyka
lsÍu isÿfõ'
wdrïNh
ke;
isiqjd meñK isà o@ meñKSu 0 f,i igyka lsÍu
Tõ
meñKSu 1 f,i igyka lsÍu
mqk¾lrK fldkafoaish 5
olajk ;ek
1
mqk¾lrKh l< hq;=
1
Wmfoia fhduq l<
hq;= ;ek
w.h 5 g jvd úYd, jk ;=re we;s
ish¨ Ok mQ¾K ixLHd m%;sodkh lsÍu
wiSñ; jdr .Kkla mqk¾lrKh lsÍu
1
mqk¾lrKh l< hq;=
Wmfoia fhduq l<
hq;= ;ek
1
1
igyk - WodyrK - 2ys m<uq .=Kdldr 12 jkafka 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14"
16" 18" 20" 22" 24 hk ixLHd h' 3ys m<uq .=Kdldr 12 jkafka 3" 6" 9"
12" 15" 18" 24" 27" 30" 33" 36 fõ'
wdrïNh
jdr .Kk = 1
1
ixLHdj lSho @
ke;
jdr .Kk <=12 ksudj
12
Tõ
.=Ks;h = ixLHdj × jdr .Kk
2
.=Ks;h fmkaùu 1
WodyrK 2 1 isg 100 olajd we;s wyUq ixLHdjla wiSñ; jdr .Kkla m%;sodkh
lsÍu
wdrïNh
1
ixLHdj lSho @
12
2
1
Scratch l%uf,aLh 8
0 0
150
10
1
0 0
100
4
100
90
10
5
rEmh 3'3
Scratch l%uf,aLh 10
12 11 10 9 8 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
rEmh 3'4 - kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdj
ke;
ksudj
.e,Sï igyk 8
Tõ
bksu. osf.a tys fl<jr fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkak
fldgqfõ wxlh lSho @
Tõ
kd.hd osf.a j,s.h ksujk fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkak
fldgqfõ wxlh lSho@
Scratch l%uf,aLh 11
w.hhka ;ekam;a lsÍu i`oyd úp,H Ndú;fha § tla úp,Hhlg tla kduhla
ne.ska ish¨ u úp,H kï lsÍug isÿfõ' úp,H m%udKh jeä jk úg fuh ;rula
wmyiq ld¾hhla fõ' ;j o l%uf,aLh ixlS¾K jk w;r tys m%udKh wêl f,i
jeäùula isÿfõ' tjeks wjia:dj, l%uf,aL ieliSfï § wrdj Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
wrdjla hkq w.hhka ´kE u m%udKhla ;ks kduhlska ;ekam;a lsÍug yels
o;a; jHqyhls' wrdj Ndú;h u.ska l%uf,aL ieliSu ksid ixlS¾K nj iy Wmfoia
m%udKh wju lr .ekSug yels fõ'
wrdjla iE§u
Scratch j, wrdjla ,ehsia;=jla (list) f,i olajd we;' my; oelafjk mßÈ
wrdjla f.dvke.sh yels h'
i;=kaf.a kï we;=<;a lsÍug Animal wrdj f.dvke.Su'
1' Data j,ska Make a List f;darkak'
2' wrdj i|yd kula ,nd fokak'
3' For this sprite only f;darkak'
4' OK lrkak'
Make a Variable
Make a List
thing
thing 1
1 thing
thing
Scratch l%uf,aLh 12
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 41
wrdjlg wjhj we;=<;a lsÍu
all
5
Enter the Country
Scratch l%uf,aLh 13
Scratch l%uf,aLh 14
Tnf.a ku l=ulao @
Tnf.a ku l=ulao @
1 1
Tnf.a ,l=Kq lSho @
2 2
3 3
Tnf.a ku l=ulao @
4 4
5 5
Tnf.a ,l=Kq lSho @
mdif,a oekqu ñkqu ;r.hla i`oyd isiqka f;dard .ekSu msKsi iïuqL
mÍlaIKhlg fmkS isá isiqka w;ßka ,l=Kq 75 lg jvd jeäfhka ,nd .kakd
isiqka f;dard m;a lsÍug mdif,a úÿy,am;s;=ud ;SrKh lr we;' fï i`oyd isiqka 10
fofkl= iïuqL mÍlaIKhg fmkS isàug kshñ; h'
fuys § ku iy ,l=Kq wrdjka foll ;ekam;a lr ,l=Kq wrdfjka 75
g jeä wh f;dard ku iu. f;aÍ m;aj weoao@ keoao@ hkak mÍlaId lsÍu i`oyd
ks¾udKh lrk ,o my; l%uf,aLh wOHhkh lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 43
all
all
0
5
Tnf.a ku l=ulao @
1
5
75
Scratch l%uf,aLh 17
10
ixLHdj we;=,;a lrkak
Scratch l%uf,aLh 18
44 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs
2' ixLHd oyfhys tl;=j fiùu
0
1
10
Scratch l%uf,aLh 19
10
Scratch l%uf,aLh 20
idudkH w.h 2
Scratch l%uf,aLh 21
all
10
ixLHdj we;=,;a lrkak
0
1
10
10
idudkH w.h 2
Scratch l%uf,aLh 22
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 45
l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 3'4 n,kak'
idrdxYh
m%ldYhla fyda m%ldY lsysmhla fyda kej; kej; isÿùu mqk¾lrKh f,i
ye`Èkafõ'
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNùu fyda wjikaùu hïlsis fldkafoaishlg wkqj isÿfõ'
Scrach mqk¾lrK md,k jHqy 3 ls'
(i) ksYaÑ; jdr .Kkla mqk¾lrKh lsÍfï md,k jHqyh
10
10
laIqø
wdf,dal md,lh
ixfõolh (micro
(light sensor) controller)
jeo.;a
;ks mqjre mß.Klhla (Single Board Computer-SBC)
;ks mqjre mß.Klhla hkq ;ks mßm: mqjrejla u; u;lh" wdodk"
m%;sodk laIqø md,lh iy wfkl=;A wjYH wx. we;=<;a mß.Klhls'
Wod - Raspberry pi
;ks Ñmfha mß.Klhla (Single Chip Computer-SCC)
uOH ieliqï tallh" wdodk m%;sodk iy u;lh ;ks wkql,s;
mßm:hla (IC) ;=<g we;=<;a lsÍfuka ilia lrk ,o mß.Klhls'
Wod - Arduino chip
4 cm B
1
A
2 3 4 5
rEmh 4'1 - micro:bit laIqø md,l fudähq,fhys bÈßmi
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 51
1 l%uf,aLkh l< yels fnd;a;ï (programmable buttons) - A, B kï fla; .;
l< yels fnd;a;ï folla we;'
7 8
6
9
10 11
More
Untitled
túg by; rEmh 4'7 mßÈ o¾Ykh jk w;r fuys blocks hkak la,sla l<
úg blocks iïnkaO lsÍfuka myiqfjka fla; .; lsÍu isÿ lr .; yel' tfia
fkdue;skï Java scripts, Python, C++ jeks mß.Kl NdId l%uf,aL Ndú; lr fla;
.; lsÍu isÿlr .; yel'
fuys § kj jHdmD;shla ,nd.;a úg" fla; ixialdrlh ;=< my; rEmh 4'8
ys oelafjk ldKav (blocks) fol o¾Ykh fõ'
hï h;=re,shkh lrk ,o
fldgila o¾Ykh lsÍug
X ;ajrK ixfõolfha
o;a;h o¾Ykh lsÍug
wdf,dal ixfõolfha
o;a;h o¾Ykh lsÍug
Arduino
fuh Atmel iud.u úiska ilia lrk ,o laIqø md,lhls' fuh my; oelafjk
fldgiaj,ska iukaú; mqjrejls' fuhg wdodk ,nd§u yd tu wdodk l%shdj,shlg
,lalr m%;sodk ,nd.ekSu l< yels w;r fuh ;=< u;lhka o wka;¾.; fõ' tu
ksid mß.Klhl uQ,sl ,laIK fuu mqjrefõ o olakg ,efnhs'
MINI
USB
1
úÿ,s kshdulh
- (Power
Regulator) ATMEGA328p
2 6
3
DC úÿ,s
iemhqu -
(DC Power)
4 5
Power Pins m%;siu ;=vq
(Analog Pins)
rEmh 4'12 - Arduino Board
úÿ,s kshdulh
Power Pins
mqjrefjka ndysr mßm:hlg úÿ,s n,h ,nd
4 .ekSug yd mqjrefjys hï l%shdldrlï md,kh
lsÍug fuh Ndú; flf¾'
m%;siu ;=vq
ATMEGA328p
fuh Arduino Uno mqjrefjys olakg ,efnk micro
6 controller Ñmh fõ' ATMEL iud.u úiska fuh
ksIm
a dokh lr we;'
ixLHdxl ;=vq
by; i`oyka l< Arduino mqjre w;=frka Arduino Uno mqjrej Ndú; lr tys
l%shdldß;ajh wOHhkh lsÍu fuu tallh ;=< § isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
+ w.%
- w.%
mßm:hla ilia lsÍfï §" Bhï Ndú; lr mEiaiSulska f;drj" mßm:fha fldgia
iïnkaO lsÍug fuh Ndú; flf¾'
² fuys + w.%j,g wod< isÿre tlg iïnkaO lr we;'
² fuys - w.%j,g wod< isÿre tlg iïnkaO lr we;'
² rEmigyfka oelafjk mßÈ fld< j¾Kfhka igyka lr we;s isÿre mylska hq;=
fldgia fjk fjk u tlg iïnkaO lr we;'
2. wdf,dal úfudapl vfhdav (Light Emitting Diode - LED)
ixfõ§;dj
óg¾ 7 olajd
GND mudùfï
OUT VCC (+5V) ld,h
rEmh 4'15 - PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) ixfõolfha bÈßmi yd msgqmi fmkqu
fuys ly mdáka olajd we;s iSreudre l< yels ia:dk fol ie,l+ úg
tllska ixfõokh jk ÿr fjkia l< yels w;r" wfkla ia:dkfhka ixfõokfha
m%;sodkh ,nd§ug .; jk ld,h fjkia l< yel'
ndOlh
fodaxldrh (echo)
rEmh 4'17 - w;sèjks ixfõolfha l%shdldÍ;ajh i`oyd WodyrK
laIKsl mKsjqv
iy Bfï,a u.ska
cd,h Ndú;
lrkakka iu. Ñ;%l" mska;+r"
ikaksfõokh l< PdhdrEm" .S;" ùäfhda
yelsùu jeks úúO wdlD;sj,
wka;¾cd,hg
iïnkaOùug f.dkq fmdÿfõ Ndú;
yelsùu lsÍug yelsùu
fiajdodhl
mß.Kl folla fyda Bg jeä m%udKhla
fyda w;r iïnkaO;djla f.dvke.Su i`oyd
ueÈy;alre f,i l%shd lrkafka iaúphhs'
cd,fha we;s mß.Klhlska fjk;a mß.Klhlg
fyda Wmdx.hlg fyda mKsúvhla fyda o;a; fyda
hjk úg fyda wod< mß.Klh fyda Wmdx.h
fyda ksjerÈj y`ÿkdf.k thg" tu mKsúvh iaúph
fyda o;a; fyda ,nd fohs'
Wod - tla mß.Klhlska uqøK úOdkh ÿka
úg" tu mKsúvh iaúph yryd th ,eìh hq;=
Wmdx.h - tkï uqølh - fj; hjkq ,nhs'
RJ45 flan,h
mß.Klh 4
mß.Klh 3
fiajdodhlh
iaúph
mß.Klh 1 mß.Klh 2
² mß.Kl jeä m%udKhla i`oyd tla oDVdx.hla yjqf,a Ndú; lsÍug yelsùu
² uqo,a b;sß lr .ekSug yelsùu
² ld,h b;sßùu
f.dkq nyd¨u
(file folder) f.dkq nyd¨ula cd,h ;=< yjqf,a ;nd .;a l, tu
f.dkq nyd¨u ;=< ;sfnk ish¨ j¾.fha f.dkq cd,fha
isák ish¨ mßYS,lhkag Ndú; l< yels fõ'
tneúka Tn jvd;a leu;s Ñ;%l" PdhdrEm" .S;" ùäfhda
hkdÈh Tfí ñ;=rka w;f¾ yjqf,a Ndú; lsÍug Tng
wjia:dj Wod fõ'
idrdxYh
mß.Kl cd,
² mß.Kl folla fyda jeä .Kkla fyda tlsfkl yd .kqfokq l< yels
wdldrhg iïnkaO l< úg th mß.Kl cd,hla f,i ie,lsh yels h'
² mß.Kl cd,.; lsÍfuka jdis /ila w;a jk w;r tys uQ,sl wruqK
jkafka iïm;a yjqf,a Ndú; lsÍu iy tlsfkl w;r ikaksfõokh
lsÍuhs'
mß.Kl cd, iïnkaO lsÍfï § fhdod .kakd l%u
² /yeka iys; l%uh (wired)
² /yeka rys; l%uh (wireless)
/yeka iys; l%ufha Ndú; jk udOH
² m%ldY ;ka;= flan, (optical fiber)
² weUß hq., flan, (twisted cable)
/yeka rys; l%ufha § Ndú; jk udOH
² wfOdarla; ;rx. (infrared waves)
² íÆgQ;a (Bluetooth)
² Wi-Fi ;rx. (Wi-Fi waves)
² f¾äfhda ;rx. (radio waves)
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh iy wka;¾cd,h
Ndú;h ksid fndfyda ;ekaj,
iEu lghq;a;la u jdf.a
ld¾hlaIu fj,d; fõ.j;a
fj,d' tjeks ia:dkj,ska wmg
,efnk fiajdjka fudkjd oehs
n,uq'
e-jdKsc
² wka;¾cd,h yryd NdKav
yqjudrej
² ud¾..; idmamq ijdßh
(online shopping) iy ñ, §
.ekSu
wxls; fn§u
øj iaMál m%o¾Ylh
ixhqla; ;eá yd
uõ mqjrej ljr lef;dav lsrK k<h
iys; ;srh
idrdxYh
13. arithmetic and logical අාව ගණිත හො තොරකිව vz;fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;f
unit (ALU) ඒවවය myF
29. binary coded decimal ද්ීමය තක්තිව දශමය ,Ukf; FwpKiw jrkk;
(BCD)
44. cathode ray tube (CRT) වැතතෝය කිරණ නකය fNjhl;Lf; fjpu; Foha;
fkdñf,a
118 fnod yeÍu msKsihs 87
118
93. distributive law ��ටන න�ාය gq;fPl;L tpjp
122. fixed internal hard disk අචල අභ�න්තර දෘඪ තැ� epiyahd cs;sf
td;jl;L
200. magnetic ink character ච��බ�ත ත�න්ත අනු ලක�ණ� fhe;j ik vOj;JU
reader( MICR) �යවනය thrpg;ghd;;
249. optical character reader ප�කාශ අණ� ලක�ණ� �යවනය xspapay; vOj;JU
(OCR) thrpg;ghd;;
283. primitive data type ප�ාථ�ක දත්ත ව�ගය G+u;tPfj; juT tif
371. sum
371.
371. sum
sumofofofproducts
products (SOP) ග�ග�ග�
products(SOP)
(SOP) � � �
තයන්
තයන්
තයන්ෙෙග්
ෙග්ග්�ක�ය
�ක�ය
�ක�ය ngUf;
ngUf;
ngUf;ffq;fq;q;
ffspd;
fspd;
spd;
$l;
$l;
$l;
LLLj;j;n
j;njhif
njhif
jhif
372. supply
372.
372. supply
supplychain
chain
chain සැපයු
සැපයු
සැපයු ���දාම
දාමකළමනාකරණය
දාම කළමනාකරණය
කළමනාකරණය tpepNahf
tpepNahf
tpepNahf
management
management
management rq;
rq;
rq; fpypj;
pypj;
ffpypj; njhlu;
jhlu;
nnjhlu;
Kfhikj;
Kfhikj;
Kfhikj; JJJ tk;
tk;
tk;
373. swapping
373.
373. swapping
swapping ප�ප�ත
ප�තත
�හ�හ�හ
රණය
රණය
රණය ,lkhw;
,lkhw;
,lkhw;wwy;
wy;y;
374. switch
374.
374. switch
switch ස්ස්ස්
���ය��ය
�ය Msp
Msp
Msp
375. syntax
375.
375. syntax
syntax කාරක�ත�
කාරක
කාරක �ත�
�ත� njhlupay;
njhlupay;
njhlupay;
376. system
376.
376. system
systemdevelopment
development
development පද්
පද්
පද්
ධධධ
ත�ත�ත�සංව�ධන
සංව�ධන
සංව�ධන�වන
�වන
�වන��ය
��ය
��ය Kiwik
Kiwik
KiwiktpUj; tpUj;
tpUj;
jjpjp p
life
life
lifecycle(SDLC)
cycle(SDLC)
cycle(SDLC) tho;
tho;
tho;
ffi
; fi
;i
; ffftl;
tl;
tl;
llk;
lk;k;
377. table
377.
377. table
table වග�
වග�
වග�
වවව ml;
ml;
ml;
lltiz
ltiz
tiz
378. table
378.
378. table
tablecheck
check constraint වග�
checkconstraint
constraint වග�
වග�ප���ා
ප���ා
ප���ාසංෙර�ධකය
සංෙර�ධකය
සංෙර�ධකය ml;
ml;
ml;
lltiz
ltiz tizrupghu;
rupghu;
rupghu;
jj;j;jy;
;jy;y;
fl;
fl;
fl;
LLLg;g;gg;ghL
ghL
hL
379. tag
379.
379. tag
tag උසු
උසු
උසු
ලලල
නය
නය
නය Xl;
Xl;
Xl;
LLL
380. Technical
380.
380. Technical
Technicalfeasibility
feasibility
feasibility තා���ක
තා���ක
තා���ක�ක�තාව
�ක�තාව
�ක�තාව njhopDl;
njhopDl;
njhopDl;ggr;gr;r;rhj;
rhj;
rhj;
jjpaf;
jpaf;
paf;
fw;
fw;
fw;
iii
fff
381. telecommuting
381.
381. telecommuting
telecommuting �රස්
�රස්
�රස්ථථථසංවාදය
සංවාදය/ //�ර
සංවාදය �ර
�ර njhiynray;
njhiynray;
njhiynray;
සන්
සන්
සන්නනන ිෙ�දනය
�දනය
ිෙිෙ�දනය
382. testing
382.
382. testing
testingstrategy
strategy
strategy ප���ණ
ප���ණ
ප���ණඋප�මය
උප�මය
උප�මය guP
guP
guP
ll;rl;rpj;
;rpj;pj;
jjy; jy;y;cghak;
cghak;
cghak;
383. text
383.
383. text
textand
and
andfont
font
font පාඨසහ
පාඨ
පාඨ සහඅ��ර
සහ අ��ර
අ��ර thrfKk;vOj;
thrfKk;
thrfKk; vOj;
JJJ
vOj; UTk;
UTk;
UTk;
384. text
384.
384. text
textformatting
formatting
formatting පාඨ
පාඨ
පාඨහැ�ස�
හැ�ස�
හැ�ස�ගැන්
ගැන්
ගැන්��ම
�මම thrf
thrf
thrftbtikg;
tbtikg;
tbtikg;
GGG
385. text
385.
385. text
textinput
input
input පාඨ
පාඨ
පාඨආදාන
ආදාන
ආදාන thrfcs;
thrf
thrf cs;
cs; sss
PLPLPL
386. normal
386.
386. normal
normalform
form
form ප�ප�ම
ප�මත
මතතඅවස්
අවස්
අවස්
ථථාව
ථාව
ාව ,ay;
,ay;
gghf;
,ay;ghf;
ffy;
hf;fy;y;tbtk;
tbtk;
tbtk;
387. thumbnail
387.
387. thumbnail
thumbnail සැෙක�
සැෙක�
සැෙක��
�� FWk;
FWk;
FWk;gglk;
glk;
lk;
388. time
388.
388. time
timedivision
division
division කාල
කාල
කාලෙ���
ෙ���
ෙ���මූමූ�
මූ��නය
��නය
�නය Neug;
Neug;
Neug;gpup;
gpup;
gpup;
TTT g;g;g;gz;
gz;
gz;
gghf;
ghf;
hf;
ffk;
fk;k;
modulation
modulation
modulation(TDM)
(TDM)
(TDM)
389. time
389.
389. time
timesharing
sharing
sharing කාල
කාල
කාල���නය
���නය
���නය Neug;
Neug;
Neug;
ggfpu;
gfpu;
fpu;
TTT
390. timing
390.
390. timing
timing කාල
කාල
කාලගණනය
ගණනය
ගණනය Neuf;
Neuf;
Neuf;
ffzpg;
fzpg;
zpg;
GGG
391. top
391.
391. top
topdown
down
downdesign
design
design මුමු�
මු�න්
�න්න්��
��
��සැලසු
සැලසු
සැලසුමමම NkypUe;
NkypUe;
NkypUe;JJJfPfPo
fPohd
ohd
hd
tbtikg;
tbtikg;
tbtikg; GGG