Name: Shafea Abedin Rishat.

Id:17203109

Course tittle: psycholinguistic.

Course code:Lin412

Submission date:1st April.

Submitted to :Ms. Shakila Mustque.

Topic: Developmental pattern of L2 learners and dyslexia.

Development patterns: The early stages of L2 acquisition some learners .If they are children,
undergo silent period .when learners do begin to speak in the L2 is to manifest two particular
characteristic.

-one of the kind of formulaic chunks.

-propositional simplication.

Why study these development patterns?

 These developmental patterns are part of what is called interlanguage.

 Interlanguage data reveal the different stages of acquisition.
 Interlanguage describes a learners language in its own right.

Definition of L2 learners: Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning,

or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language
acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. The field of second-language
acquisition is a sub discipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of
other disciplines, such as psychology and education.

What exactly does the L2 Learning come from?

1. A system of knowledge about a second language which goes well beyond what could possibly
have been taught.
2. Patterns of recurrent elements that comprise components of L2 Specific knowledge :vocabulary
lexicon ,morphology word structure ,phonology sound system, syntax grammar.
 3. Means for using the L2 in communicative activities: Learning,speaking,Reading ,writing.
4. Communicative competence: all of the above plus social and cultural knowledge required for
appropriate use and interpretation of L2 forms.

Five stages of second language acquisition:

:
1. Silent/receptive This stage is controversial among language educators. Ana Lomb a
disagrees that second language learners are totally silent while they are in this first learning
stage.
2. Early production: This stage may last about six months, during which language learners typically
acquire an understanding of up to 1,000 words. 

3. Speech emergence:  this is an important stage during which learners gain greater comprehension and
begin reading and writing in their second language.

4. Intermediate fluency: They usually acquire the ability to communicate in writing and speech using
more complex sentences. 

5. Continued language development/advanced fluency : Second language learners need ongoing

opportunities to engage in discussions and express themselves in their new language, in order to
maintain fluency in it. A student must converse with others in the new language on a regular basis in
order to grow their fluency and confidence. 

How does the learner acquire L2 knowledge?

1. Innate capacity: The natural ability of people to acquire language.

2. Application of prior knowledge, the initial stage of L2 includes knowledge of L1 (and language in
general) and the processes of SLA include interpretation of the new language in terms of that
knowledge.

3. Restructuring of the L2 knowledge system.

4. Motivation: largely determines the level of effort which learners expend at various stage in their L2
development and it is often a key to ultimate level of proficiency.

5. Instruction: Quality of instruction clearly makes a difference in formal context of L2 learning.

Definition of development Dyslexia: Development of Dyslexia is usually defined as a defect in

the cereloral –mental ability of young children who are learning to read. The terms alexia and dyslexia
are accepted neurological terms describing conditions of complete or partial loss of the reading ability of
adults and children alike, who previously could read normally and at a certain point in life sustained
brain demerge through some organic cause.
Symptoms: Signs of dyslexia can be difficult to recognize before your child
enters school, but some early clues may indicate a problem. Once your child
reaches school age, your child's teacher may be the first to notice a problem.
Severity varies, but the condition often becomes apparent as a child starts
learning to read.

Signs that a young child may be at risk of dyslexia include

 Late talking

 Learning new words slowly

 Problems forming words correctly, such as reversing sounds in words

or confusing words that sound alike

 Problems remembering or naming letters, numbers and colors

 Difficulty learning nursery rhymes or playing rhyming games

 Teen and Adults Difficulty reading, including reading aloud

 Slow and labor-intensive reading and writing

 Problems spelling

For teen and adults:

Dyslexia signs in teens and adults are similar to those in children. Some common
dyslexia signs and symptoms in teens and adults include:

 Mispronouncing names or words, or problems retrieving words

 Trouble understanding jokes or expressions that have a meaning not

easily understood from the specific words (idioms), such as "piece of
cake" meaning "easy"

 Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that involve reading

or writing

 Difficulty summarizing a story

 Trouble learning a foreign language

 Difficulty memorizing

 Difficulty doing math problems.

Name:Shafea Abedin Rishat.

Id:17203109

Course tittle:psycholinguistic.

Course code:Lin412

Submission date:1st april.

Submitted to :Ms. Shakila Mustque.

Topic:Developmental pattern of L2 learners and dyslexia.