University of Salahaddin

College of Science

Department of Chemistry

Course Book

Physical Chemistry (Kinetic

(Kinetic Chemistry) for third Stage
M.Sc. in Inorganic Chemistry
Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry
Academic Year: 2010-2011

Lecturer Dr. Sulaiman Gahfar muhamad

E-mail: gafff2002@yahoo.com
Mob: +964 (0) 750 4468093

Class hours:
Tuesday 8:30 am – 10:30 am Group A
Tuesday 10:30 am – 12:30 pm Group B
Wednesday 8:30 – 5:30 Practical
Thursday 8:30 – 5:30 Practical
Course Objective
At the first half of course we attempt to understand the molecular
mechanism of change, we need to understand how molecules move, in
free flight in gases and what dose degree of freedom tell us. After the
exam, we will introduce the language and terms used to describe the
rates of chemical reactions. At this half of course we will be
concerned with the theory of reactions or mechanisms, and describe
the overall rates of reaction. Definitions of: reaction rate, rate
coefficient, reaction order, elementary reaction, law of mass action,
reactive intermediates, unimolecular reaction, bimolecular reaction,
Arrhenius equation, reaction mechanism. How to write rate
equations and how to analytically integrate simple rate expressions for
a single reaction (0th order, 1st order, 2nd order, etc.). How to use
integrated rate expressions to determine the reaction order and find
the rate constant for a single reaction given concentration vs. time
data. How to make an Arrhenius plot and extract rate parameters
from it. How and when to use classical analytical approximations
made in analyzing reaction mechanisms: the partial equilibrium
approximation and the pseudo-steady-state approximation.
Furthermore the course contains these subjects.

-Introduction of Kinetic theory

-Postulate
-Pressure of ideal gases in kinetic theory
-Internal energy of an ideal gas
-Root mean-square velocity
-Temperature and kinetic energy
-Collision Number
-Mean Free Path
-Viscosity of gasses
-Maxwell Speed Distribution Directly from Boltzmann Distribution
-Degree of freedom
-The translational kinetic energy
-The Specific heat of gases
-The collision theory of reaction rate
-Transition State Theory
-Photochemistry
-Photochemical reactions
-Photochemical law
-The Beer-Lambert law
-Kinetic of photochemical reaction
-Quantum yield
-Photosensitization
-Chemical kinetics
-Rate of reaction
-Reaction Rate Law
-Orders of reaction
-Methods for determination of Order of reaction:
-Fitting data to rate laws
-Factor affecting the reaction rate
-Relation to equilibrium constants
-The Kinetics of Complex Reactions
-Elementary steps and rate laws.
-Enzyme kinetics: the Michaelis-Menten equation:
-Studying fast reactions

Goals of the two Courses

The major goals for this course are centered on acquiring
a conceptual understanding of~ Kinetic theory of gases,
kinetic of chemical reaction and@principle of
photochemistryN

Grading
The students are required to do at least two closed exam at
the course besides other assignments and each student must
prepare full report at the end of the year.
This course is apart from the physical chemistry subject.

Physical chemistry for third stage=Kinetic chemistry%50

+electrochemistry %50

Physical chemistry (kinetic +electrochemistry):

End grad: 25% for theoretical and 15% for practical
Final: 50% for theoretical and 10% for practical

Kinetic course:
course:
End grad: 12.5% for theoretical and 7.5% for practical
Final: 25% for theoretical and 5% for practical.

So all exams of kinetic course have 12.5 marks:

-Preparation of the copybook has 1mark.

-Full report has 1 mark.
-quiz tests have 1.5 marks.
-the attendance,classroom,activities,absence count 1.5
marks.
-Examination 8.5
Web links
There is a huge network of information available about
physical chemistry, and it can be bewildering to find your
way to it. Also, a piece of information may be needed that we
have not included in the text. The web site might suggest
where to find the specific data or indicate where additional
data can be found.
Some web links for kinetic chemistry information:

1- http://faculty.smu.edu/whorsthe/pchem1.html

2- http://www.docbrown.info

3- http://www.colby.edu/chemistry

In-class Problems and discussion

Some class periods will be devoted to in-class problems and
discussion. In-class problem days may include class
discussions and problem presentation students

Quizzes
In class every week, the students should already have
knowledge of subject tacked before, and ready for any
quizzes.

Home work
Problem solving skills are very important to chemists. We
will have several "endurance problems". The solving of some
endurance problems must be done in" In class problem and
discussion"

Books
Any general physical chemistry text (such as P W Atkins
Physical Chemistry, OUP, any edition) will have several
chapters on chemical kinetics. There is a nice small book
about kinetics in the college & general library for example:
James E.House "Principles of Chemical Kinetics" Second
Edition, 2007, Elsevier Inc.

Course Program
Week 1:

Introduction of Kinetic theory

-The kinetic particle model of an ideal gas
-Postulate

Week 2:

-Pressure of ideal gases in kinetic theory

-Internal energy of an ideal gas

Week 3:

-Root mean-square velocity

-Temperature and kinetic energy
-Collision Number

Week 4:

-Number ,of collisions with wall

-Mean Free Path
-Viscosity of gases

Week 5:
Maxwell Speed Distribution Directly from Boltzmann Distribution
-Velocity Distribution in One Dimension
-Kinetic Energy Distribution in Three Dimensions
-Speed distribution as a sum over all directions

Week 6:

Degree of freedom
-The translational kinetic energy
-Rotational kinetic energy
-Vibrational energy
The Specific heat of gases

Week 7:

The Theories of Reaction Rate

-Reactions involving collisions between two species
-The orientation of collision
-The energy of the collision
-Activation Energy

Week 8:

-Validity of the theory and steric factor

-Steric factor
-Transition State Theory

Week 9:

Photochemistry
Photochemical reactions

Week 10:

Photochemical law
Grothus Draper Law
Einstein-Stark Law

Week 11:

Frequency and wavelength

Rates and rate constants of photochemical processes
The Beer-Lambert law
Kinetick of photochemichal reaction

Week 12:

Chain reaction
Quantum yield
Photosensitization

Week 13:

EXAMPLES

Week 14:

Review of first part of course

Week 15:

First Examination

Week 16:

Chemical kinetics
Rate of reaction
Reaction Rate Law
Differential Rate Laws
Integrated Rate Law
Reaction Rate Constant
Half-Life Reaction

Week 17:

Orders of reaction
-Zero Order Reaction
-First Order Reaction
-Second Order Reaction

Week 19:

-Third order reaction

-Pseudo First Order Reaction
-Fractional order of reaction
Week 20:

Methods for determination of Order of reaction:

1-Traial method
a) Graphical method
b) Equation method
2-Initial Rate method
3-Half life method

Week 21:

Fitting data to rate laws

-Absorbance
-Conductivities
-Titration
-Change of volume
-Change of pressure

Week 22:

Factor affecting the reaction rate

-Nature of Reactants
-Temperature Arrhenius Equation

Week 23:

-Concentration-Effect
-Physical state
-Catalysts
-Pressure
-Medium

Week 24:

Solvent affect the reaction rate

1. Polarity of solvent:
2. Influence of solvation:
3. Dielectric constant of the solvent:
4-Effect of viscosity:
Week 25:

Effect of Light
Relation to equilibrium constants

Week 26:

The Kinetics of Complex Reactions

Consecutive reactions
Parallel or competitive reactions
Chain reaction

Week 27:

Elementary steps and rate laws.

The steady-state approximation.
The rate-determining step

Week 28:

Enzyme kinetics: the Michaelis-Menten equation:

Studying fast reactions

Week 29:

Examples

Week 30:

Second examination