PHYSICS

FORMULA BOOKLET - GYAAN SUTRA

INDEX
S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Unit and Dimension 2

2. Rectilinear Motion 3–4
3. Projectile Motion & Vector 5–5
4. Relavitve Motion 5–7
5. Newton’s Laws of Motion 7–9
6. Friction 9–9
7. Work, Power & Energy 10 – 11
8. Circular Motion 11 – 14
9. Centre of Mass 14 – 18
10. Rigid Body Dynamics 18 – 25
11. Simple Harmonic Motion 26 – 28
12. Sting Wave 29 – 31
13. Heat & Thermodynamics 31 – 37
14. Electrostatics 37 – 40
15. Current Electricity 41 – 47
16. Capacitance 47 – 51
17. Alternating Current 52 – 54
18. Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetic
force on charge 54 – 56
19. Electromagnetic Induction 56 – 59
20. Geometrical Optics 59 – 66
21. Modern Physics 67 – 70
22. Wave Optics 70 – 73
23. Gravitation 73 – 75
24. Fluid Mechanics & Properties of Matter 75 – 77
25. Sound Wave 77 – 79
26. Electro Magnetic Waves 79 – 80
27. Error and Measurement 80 – 81
28. Principle of Communication 82 – 83
29. Semiconductor 84 – 85

Page # 1
 RECTILINEAR MOTION

Average Velocity (in an interval) :

Total displacement r  ri
v av = v = <v> = = f
Total time taken t
Average Speed (in an interval)
Total distance travelled
Average Speed =
Total time taken
Instantaneous Velocity (at an instant) :

  r 
v inst = lim 
t  0  t 


Average acceleration (in an interval):

  
 v v f  vi
a av = =
t t
Instantaneous Acceleration (at an instant):

 dv  v 
 
a = = lim
dt t 0  t 
 

Graphs in Uniformly Accelerated Motion along a straight line

(a  0)
 x is a quadratic polynomial in terms of t. Hence x  t graph is a
parabola.
x
x
a<0
xi xi
a>0

t t
0 0
x-t graph
 v is a linear polynomial in terms of t. Hence vt graph is a straight line of
slope a.
v v
a
= slo
e u pe
op =
sl a
u
a is positive a is negative
t t
0 0

Page # 3
 POWER
The average power ( P or pav) delivered by an agent is given by P or
W
pav =
t
  
F  dS  dS  
P = F = F . v
dt dt

CIRCULAR MOTION
 2  1 
1. Average angular velocity  av = =
t 2  t1 t

d 
2. Instantaneous angular velocity  =
dt

 2  1 
3. Average angular acceleration  av = t  t =
2 1 t

d d
4. Instantaneous angular acceleration  =
=
dt d
  
5. Relation between speed and angular velocity  v = r and v    r
7. Tangential acceleration (rate of change of speed)
dV d dr
 at = =r = 
dt dt dt

v2
8. Radial or normal or centripetal acceleration  ar = = 2r
r
9. Total acceleration
   at
 a  a t  a r  a = (at2 + ar2)1/2 a
 v
O
      ar or a c P
Where a t    r and a r    v

Page # 11
Refrigerator (Heat Pump)

Refrigerator

Hot (T2) Hot (T1)

Q2 Q1

Q2 1 1
 Coefficient of performance,   =  =
W T1 T1
–1 –1
T2 T2

Calorimetry and thermal expansion

Types of thermometers :
   0 
(a) Liquid Thermometer : T =   × 100
 100   0 
(b) Gas Thermometer :
 P  P0 
Constant volume : T =  P  P  × 100 ; P = P0 + g h
 100 0

 V 
Constant Pressure : T=   T
 V  V  0
(c) Electrical Resistance Thermometer :
 R t  R0 
T =  R  R  × 100
 100 0

Thermal Expansion :
(a) Linear :
L
 = L T or L = L0 (1 + T)
0

Page # 35
13. Magnetic field due to a single pole
0 m
B= ·
4 r 2
14. Magnetic field on the axis of magnet
 0 2M
B= ·
4 r 3
15. Magnetic field on the equatorial axis of the magnet
0 M
B= ·
4 r 3
16. Magnetic field at point P due to magnet
0 M
B= 1  3 cos 2 
4 r 3


S N

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
 
1. Magnetic flux is mathematically defined as =
 B.ds
2. Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
d
E=–
dt
3. Lenz’s Law (conservation of energy principle)
According to this law, emf will be induced in such a way that it will oppose
the cause which has produced it.
Motional emf
4. Induced emf due to rotation
Emf induced in a conducting rod of length l rotating with angular speed 
about its one end, in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field B is 1/2 B 
2.
Page # 56
 For two coils which are mutually coupled it has been found that M  L1L 2

or M =k L1L 2 where k is called coupling constant and its value is less

than or equal to 1.
Magnetic Core
E s Ns p
  where denota- S
Ep Np  s ,
tions have their usual mean-
ings. EP ES
NS > NP
 ES > EP 
for step up transformer. Primary Secondary
coil coil
12. LC Oscillations
1
2 
LC

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

1. Reflection of Light
(b)   i = r
1.3 Characteristics of image due to Reflection by a Plane
Mirror:
(a) Distance of object from mirror = Distance of image from the mirror.
(b) The line joining a point object and its image is normal to the reflecting
surface.
(c) The size of the image is the same as that of the object.
(d) For a real object the image is virtual and for a virtual object the image
is real
2. Relation between velocity of object and image :
From mirror property : xim = - xom , yim = yom and zim = zom
Here xim means ‘x’ coordinate of image with respect to mirror.
Similarly others have meaning.

Page # 59