Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Frames Subjected to Lateral Loads

(Approximate Analysis)
Assumptions:
1. A hinged is placed midway between columns and girders
2. Shear at interior column hinge is twice that of the exterior column hinge.

Problem 14
A Warren Portal shown is subjected to a lateral load of 42kN 2m 4m 2m

at joint C. The supports at A and I are fixed, determine the C D F G

following 42kN
2m

1. Vertical reaction at I
B E H
2. Stress of member CD
3. Stress of member FH
7.2m

Answer: 29.4kN, 79.8kN, 41.58kN

A I

Problem 15
8m 8m
The given frame is subjected to lateral
C F I
loads as indicated. Using portal method
30kN
determine the following 4m

1. Moment at D 50kN E H
B
2. Moment at FC at joint F
3. Axial force of column AB 6m

A D G
Answer (120kn-m; 15kn-m; 22.5kN)
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Frames Subjected to Vertical Loads

(Approximate Analysis)
Assumptions:
1. The inflection points are located at 1/10 of the span from each end of the girder.
2. The girder axial force is zero.

Problem 16.
For the frame subjected to uniform load as shown, determine 10kN/m
the following approximate values E F

1. Maximum positive moment of girder CD

2. Maximum negative moment of girder CD 4m
10kN/m
3. Shear at C C D

Answer: (80kN-m; 45kN-m; 50kN)

6m

A B
10m

Deflection of Trusses

Problem 16
From the given truss, support C is roller while support A is hinged. Determine the following
3m
1. Stress of BC due to actual load
B 600kN
2. Stress of BC due to 1-unit load A
3. Vertical deflection at B
4m 400kN
Answer (500kn; 1.5kn; 6.75mm)
C
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Influence Line
Influence line is the graphical representation of the response function of the structure as the
downward unit load moves across the structure. The ordinate of the influence line show the
magnitude and character of the function.

F(x) = R, V, M F(x) = Uniform Load X Area of the Influence Diagram

F(x) = Concentrated Load X Ordinate of the Influence line

Problem. CE Board May 2010

A 12 m. long beam is simply supported at the right end and at 2 m. from the left end. It
is subjected to a highway lane load consisting of 9.35kN/m uniformly distributed load and 116
kN concentrated load. Based on the influence line for maximum moment at mid-span,
1. What is the total length in meters of the beam which should be subjected to a
uniformly distributed load to obtain the maximum positive moment at mid-span?
2. What is the total length in meters of the beam which should be subjected to the
uniformly distributed load to obtain the maximum negative moment at the mid-
span?
3. What would be the critical positive moment (kN-m) at mid-span due to the highway
lane load? Answer (10m, 2m, 407Kn-m)

Problem.

A 25 m. long beam is simply supported at the right end and 5 m. from the left end.
1. Find the maximum ordinate of the influence line for maximum shear at mid-span.
2. What is the ordinate of the influence line at the free end that will give maximum
shear at mid-span?
3. Find the maximum ordinate of the influence line for maximum reaction at the left
support. Answer (0.50, 0.25, 1.25)

Problem. CE Board May 2014

Structural Theory: Lecture 02

A bridge truss is subjected to a standard highway load at the bottom chord. The highway load
consists of a uniformly
distributed load of 9.35 kN/m
and a concentrated load of 116
kN. Angle θ = 60°. L1 = 16 m. L2
= 8 m. For the computation of
design force, apply the moving
concentrated load at the truss
joint only.
1. Find the maximum
vertical reaction at A
due to the highway
load.
2. What is the maximum ordinate of the influence line for the force developed in
member JK?
3. Determine the maximum force (kN) that can be developed in member JK due to the
highway load. Answer (190.8Kn, - 0.557, 110.10Kn)

Problem.
Draw the influence line for the force
in (a) member EH
and (b) member JE, (c) member JI,
and (d) member AL.

Answer
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Problem.
The compound beam is subjected to a uniform dead load of 1.5 kN_m and a single live load of
10 kN. Determine (a) the maximum negative moment created by these loads at A, and (b) the
maximum positive shear at B. Assume A is a fixed support, B is a pin, and C is a roller.
Answer ((MA) max=-106 kN- m, (VB) max=17.5 kN)

Problem.

Determine the maximum

positive moment at point C
on the single girder caused
by the moving load.
Answer (34.0 kN-m)
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Problem
A composite beam carries a 6.0Kn/m uniform load and two concentrated loads of 10.0Kn acting
at the middle thirds of the simple beam 4.5m span. The wooden beam is composed of 150mm
by 250mm and is reinforced at the bottom by one channel C150x16 with the flanges facing
down and that the entire depth of channel supports the full width of the wooden beam.
Assume allowable bending stress of steel to be 150Mpa and that of the wood to be 11Mpa,
Ew=13,334MPa, Es=200,000MPa. Properties of the channel (A=1980mm 2, Ix=6.22x106mm4,
Iy=0.351x106mm4, d=150mm, tw=8.0mm, tf=8.7mm, bf=51mm, x=12.6mm). Determine the
following;
1. Maximum flexural stress for the wood, and for the steel of the composite beam?
2. Spacing of 10mm screw arranged in two rows if the screw has an allowable shear
stress of 90Mpa considering the full length of the channel is connected to the beam?, and
3. Required length of the reinforcing channel bar if bar cutting is considered?
Answer (7.65MPa & 71.13MPa; 125mm; 2.87m)

Problem
It is proposed to strengthen a 100mm by 250mm timber beam by reinforcing it with a steel
plate, 6mm thick connected at the top and bottom of the beam throughout its length. The
simple beam spans 4.8m and loaded with 6.0kN/m. E w =16,000MPa, Es =200,000MPa.
Allowable flexural stress of steel is 85Mpa while the wood is 10Mpa.
1. What is the required width of the steel plate if needed?
2. What is the spacing of 10mm screw arranged in single row if the screw has an
allowable shear stress of 90MPa?, and
3. What is the maximum shear stress of the composite beam?
Answer (82.5mm; 205mm; 0.70MPa)