Trigonometric Ratio (Maths)

Trigonometric Ratio Rg-Maths.
XI-2020-22
PREFACE
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and

therelationships between their sides and the angles between these
sides.Trigonometry basics are often taught in school either as a separate course or
as part of a precalculus course.
With Trigonometric functions one can answer virtually all questions about
arbitrary triangles by using the law of sines and the law of cosines. These laws
can be used to compute the remaining angles and sides of any triangle as soon as
two sides and their included angle or two angles and a side or three sides are
known. These laws are useful in all branches of geometry, since
every polygon may be described as a finite combination of triangles.
“There is perhaps nothing which so occupies the middleposition of mathematics

as trigonometry. If people do not believe that trigonometry is simple, it is only
because they do not realize how complicated life is”
- John Von Neumann
Need we say more!!
IITIAN’S PACE
Mathematic Dept.
COLLEGES: ANDHERI / BORIVALI / CHEMBUR / DADAR / KALYAN / KHARGHAR / NERUL / POWAI / THANE
Trigonometric Ratio Rg-Maths. XI-2020-22
IIT–JEE SYLLABUS
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae
involving multiple and sub-multiples angles.
CONTENTS
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.


1 THEORY 1 – 20
2 EXERCISE – 1(A) 21 – 25
3 EXERCISE – 1(B) 25 – 30
4 EXERCISE – 1(C) 30 – 35
5 EXERCISE – 2(A) 36 – 39
6 EXERCISE – 2(B) 39 – 44
7 EXERCISE – 2 (C) 44 – 46
8 EXERCISE – 3 47 – 52
9 WINDOW TO JEE – ADVANCED 52 – 55
10 ANSWERS KEY 56 – 58
Trigonometric – I Tentative Lecture Flow

(Board Syllabus & Booklet Discussion Included)
Lecture no.1 Angle and its measurement, ratios, allied angle formulae
Lecture no.2 Graphs, periods of trigo functions
Lecture no.3 Sum and difference, multiple of angles,
Factorization formulae, Maximum and minimum value, series of
Lecture no.4 sine and cosine
Lecture no.5 Ratios of sum of three angles, triangle relations
Lecture no.6 Booklet discussion
COLLEGES: ANDHERI / BORIVALI / CHEMBUR / DADAR / KALYAN / KHARGHAR / NERUL / POWAI / THANE
Trigonometric Ratio Rg-Math. XI-2020-22
TRIGONOMETRY - 1
I MEASURES OF ANGLE
1. In degrees :
In the Sexagesimal system of measurement a right angle is divided into 90 equal parts called Degrees.
B
2. In radians :
r
Consider an arc AB of length r, of a circle of radius r and the centre at O.
Then the measure of AOB = 1 radian. It is denoted as 1c.
O r A
In higher mathematics, angles are measured in radians. So, in the following chapter,
angles used, are in radians, unless specified. If an angle is denoted without ‘c’ then it
is assumed to be in radians. Students are advised to make efforts to use angles in radians to get
accustomed.
II RELATION BETWEEN DEGREES AND RADIANS
 radians = 1800
Above relationship gives some standard angles in radians as
 5 3
300 = 750 = 1350 =
6 12 4
  3
450 = 900 = 2700 =
4 2 2
 2
600 = 1200= 3600 = 2
3 3
III a) LENGTH OF AN ARC IF IT SUBTENDS ANGLE  (IN RADIANS) :

B
Let s be the length of arc AB of a circle of radius r.
Let O be the centre of the circle.
If BOA = then
s=r

O r A
b) AREA OF A SECTOR WHEN ANGLE AT THE CENTRE IS  (IN RADIANS) :

Q
Let POQ be a sector of a circle. QOP = .
Let the radius of the circle be r.
If the area of the sector is denoted by A then

1 2 O P
A= r  r
2
COLLEGES: ANDHERI / BORIVALI / CHEMBUR / DADAR / KALYAN / KHARGHAR / NERUL / POWAI / THANE # 1
Illustrations:1
The area of a certain sector of a circle is 10 sq. units. If the radius of the circle be 3 units, find the angle of the
sector.
Soln. A = 10, r = 3.
1 2
Using A = r  , where is the angle of the sector
2
20
we get = radians
9
Illustrations:2
If the perimeter of a certain sector is 10 units and radius of the circle is 3 units, find the area of the sector.
Soln. Let s be the length of the arc AB. BOA = , say, then
Given 2r + s =10
 s = 10 – 2r s = r  10 – 2r = r
B
10  2r
 =
r r s
Let A be the area of the sector. Then 

O r A
1
A = r2 
2
1 2  10  2r  1  10  6 
= r   = (9)   = 6 sq units.
2  r  2  3 
Illustrations:3
Given two concentric circles of radii r and 2r, two parallel tangents to the inner circle cut off an arc from the
outer circle, find its length.
Sol .
n
Let O be the centre of the circles.
Given |OP|= r , |OA|= 2r P A
| OP | 1  
  PAO =  POA =
| OA | 2  6

3 O
   B
  AOB =  –    =
3 3 3

 length of the arc AB = 2r  
3
Illustrations : 4
Six equal circles, each of radius a are placed so that each touches two others, their centres being all on the
circumference of another circle; prove that the area, which they enclose, is 2a2 (3 3  )
Soln. A, B, C, D, E, F are the centres of the circle. They lie on

a circle (not shown in the figure).

 POA= (why?) |OP| = a 3
6
B
C
1  2  a 2 
Area of the sector APQ = a 2    P
2  3  3 a
O
1 D A
Area of  OQAP = 2 ( a. a 3 )= a 2 3
2 Q
 a 2   E F
Required area = 6 a2 3  = 2a2 ( 3 3 – )
 3 

IV TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Trigonometric ratios sin, cos, tan seccoseccot etc., where lies between 0 and (i.e. 00 and
2

900), are introduced with the help of a right angle triangle. But if  is less than 0 or more than then the
2
trigonometric ratios need to be defined fresh. Consider a unit circle with centre at the origin O. Let P be a
moving point on the circle such that OP makes angle  with the positive x-axis in anticlockwise direction.
The position P defines (cos, sin) i.e. y
P B (0,1)
cos  = x co-ordinate of point P
sin  = y co-ordinate of point P 
A A
x
(–1,0) O (1,0)
B (0,–1)
Important Points :
1.  is measured positive in anticlockwise direction and measured negative in clockwise direction.
2. If the point P starts moving in anticlockwise direction from position A, for which = 0, and completes a
circle and reaches again at position A then the point P covers angle 2. If it continues to move to complete
second circle and reaches at position A then corresponding angle covered is 4 and so on. In this way, we
understand that  can take all non-negative values.
If point P moves in clockwise direction then similar exercise point P can make as stated above. Hence 
can take all negative values too. So
sin and cos are defined for all  R.
3. Since point P can take its position in all 4 quadrants and the x co-ordinate of P gives cos and the
y co-ordinate of P gives sin, therefore
cos and sin can take positive as well as negative values.
4. i) We observe that the position A has the maximum x co-ordinate and A has the minimum x
co-ordinate.
 A= (1, 0) and A= (–1, 0)
 –1  cos   1 , for all   R

(Equality occurs at the positions A and A, respectively)
ii) We observe that the position B has the maximum y co-ordinate and B has the minimum
y co-ordinate.
 B= (0, 1) and B =(0, –1)
 –1  sin  1 , for all   R
(Equality occurs at position B and B respectively)
5. i)  –1  cos  1 , for all   R

π
 for all θ  R  {(2n  1) }
2
sec  –1 (Equality occurs when  = (2n + 1), n  I)
or sec   1 (Equality occurs when  = 2n , n  I)
ii)  –1  sin  1
 for all θ  R  {nπ }

cosec  –1 (Equality occurs when  = 2n – , n  I)
2

or cosec  1 (Equality occurs when = 2n + , n  I)
2
π
iii) tan  R, θ  R  {(2n  1) }
2
cot   R.   R  {n } ( R : the set of real numbers)
V TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
1) sin 2 + cos 2  =1 , for all  R


2) 1 + tan 2  = sec 2  , for   2n 
2
3) 1 + cot 2 = cosec 2  , for   n
VI GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :

We have observed that as  varies, x & y co-ordinates of point P on the unit circle vary and hence cos &
sin vary.
Since the choice of values of  is decided by us, therefore, here  is an independent variable.
Since values of cos & sin vary depending on , therefore cos & sin are dependent variables.
While drawing a graph, horizontal axis (mostly known as the x-axis if the independent variable is named as
x ) is kept for the independent variable and the vertical axis is kept for the dependent variable. So, for
example, if we have to draw the graph of y = sinx , then the values of angle (named as x here) are kept along
the horizontal axis and the values of sinx (named as y here) are kept along the vertical axis.
1) y = sinx
y
1
–5/2 -/2 3/2 7/2 11/2 6
x
- 4  7 -3 -2 - 3 - O /2  2 5  3 4 9 5
2 2 -1 2 2
Observations :-

i) Sine function is an increasing function for x  (0, ).
2
Beginners must read and understand the following paragraph.
Whena < x < b , it is also written as x (a, b).
(a, b) is called an open interval and defined as (a, b) = { x : a < x < b }. So
 
x  (0, )  0<x<
2 2
ii) sin x = sin (2+x)= sin(4+x)=... for all x.

i.e. Sine function is a periodic function. (‘sine’ is the name used for sin)
i.e. it repeats it’s behaviour after a certain interval, known as a period of the function.
2n is a period of sine function , n  I.
2 is known as the fundamental period of Sine function.
More details of a periodic function can be studied in a separate topic FUNCTIONS.
2) y = cosx
y
1
- 3 -  3
x
 7 - 5 -2 - 3  O  3 2 5 7 4 9
2 2 2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 2
Observations :

i) Cosine function is a decreasing function for x  (0, ).
2
(‘Cosine’ is the name used for cos)
(More details of decreasing / increasing functions would be studied later in CALCULUS)
ii) cos x = cos(2+ x)= cos(4+ x) = ... for all x i.e.

Cosine function is a periodic function with fundamental period 2.
2n is a period of the cosine function , n  I.
3) y =tanx
y
-3/2 - -/ 2 x

O /2  3/2 2
Observations :
  
i) Tan function is an increasing function in  ,  .
 2 2
ii) tan x = tan(x +) = tan(x + 2) = tan(x + 3) = ... for all x.
i.e. Tan function is a periodic function with fundamental period .
n  is a period of tan function.
Some more observations :
y
y=cosx
y = sinx

1. In (0, ) , cosx > sinx
4
 
x
In  4 , 2  , sinx > cosx
O  /4
 
 /2

At x= sinx = cosx
y =tan x 4
y y=x
2. y =sin x
x
O / 2

In (0, ) , sinx < x < tan x
2
VII SOME STANDARD FORMULAE :
We use this diagram to remember what ratios are positive in each quadrant.
One can use the pneumonic “ After School To College ”/ “All Silver Tea Cups”
Taken in anticlockwise direction starting from 1st quadrant.
II I
Sine & cosec All ratios are
are positive positive
S A
T C
Tan & cot Cos & sec
are positive are positive
III IV
A) Allied angles formulae :
As mentioned earlier, angle measured in anti-clockwise manner is taken as positive and clockwise
measurement is taken negative. Now, note the following:
sin()   sin  ; cos ec()   cos ec
cos()  cos  ; sec()  sec 
tan()   tan  ; cot()   cot 
One can remember the allied angle formulae by the following technique.
 n    cos , n is odd
sin     
 2   sin , n is even
 n 
  1 if  2    is in the 1st or 2nd quadrant.
 
 n 
  1 if  2    is in the 3rd or 4th quadrant.
 
That is to put in simple words, first see whether n is odd or even and if n is odd ‘sin’ becomes ‘cos’
and n is even ‘sin’ remains as ‘sin’ now to decide the sign see in which quadrant the angle
n  n 
 finally comes into. If     is in 1st or 2nd quadrant ‘sine’ will be positive we will put a
2  2 
 n 
positive sign If     is in 3rd or 4th quadrant sine will be negative. We will therefore put a negative
 2 
sign. The process can be summarized through the following flow chart.
 n 
Write the expression in the form of sin   
 2 

Where  is acute. i.e. 0 
2
Is n odd
odd even
or even?
 cos   sin 
Check the Check the

quadrant of quadrant of
 n   n 
     
 2   2 
to decide to decide
 
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
 1  1   1   1  1  1   1   1
cos  cos   cos   cos  sin  sin   sin   sin 
 n   n 
Now the same procedure can be applied to find cos     , tan     etc. Just one needs to bear in
 2   2 
mind that like how ‘sin’ became ‘cos’, ‘cos’ will become ‘sin’ and ‘tan’ will become ‘cot’. etc.

a) i) sin ( – ) = cos d) i) sin (+ ) = – sin
2

ii) cos( – ) = sin ii) cos (+ ) = – cos
2

iii) tan( – ) = cot iii) tan (+ ) = tan
2

b) i) sin ( + ) = cos e) i) sin (– ) = – sin
2

ii) cos( + ) = – sin ii) cos (– ) = cos
2

iii) tan( + ) = – cot iii) tan (– ) = – tan
2
c) i) sin (– ) = sin f) i) sin (2– ) = – sin

ii) cos (– ) = – cos ii) cos (2– ) = cos
iii) tan (– ) = – tan iii) tan (2– ) = – tan
IN CHAPTER EXCERCISE - 1
Prove that :
3
1. cos 4 A  sin 4 A  1  2cos 2 A 2. sin A  cos A1  sin A cos A  sin A  cos3 A
sin A 1  cos A
3.   2 cos ecA 4. cos6A + sin6A = 1 – 3sin2A cos2A
1  cos A sin A
1  sin A cos ecA cos ecA

5.  sec A  tan A 6.   2sec2 A
1  sin A cos ecA  1 cos ecA  1
cos ecA 1
7.  cos A 8.  sin A cos A
cot A  tan A cot A  tan A
1 1  tan A cot A  1
9.  sec A  tan A 10. 
sec A  tan A 1  tan A cot A  1
sec A  tan A
11.  1  2sec A tan A  2 tan 2 A
sec A  tan A
cos A sin A
12.   sin A  cos A
1  tan A 1  cot A
2 2 1  tan2 A sin2 A
13.  sec A  cos A  sec A  cos A   tan A  sin A 14. 
1  cot 2 A cos2 A
tan A cot A
15.   sec A cosec A+1 16. sec4 A  sec2 A  tan4 A  tan2 A
1  cot A 1  tan A
cot A cos A cot A  cos A

17. 1  cot A  cos ec A1  tan A  sec A  2 18. cot A  cos A cot A cos A
 1 1  2 2 1  cos 2 a sin2 a
19.  2 2
 2 2  cos a sin a 
 sec a  cos a cosec a  sin a  2  cos 2 a sin2 a
20. sin8 A  cos8 A   sin2 A  cos 2 A 1  2sin2 A cos2 A 
2 2
21.  tan   cos ec     cot   sec    2 tan  cot   cos ec   sec  
22. tan1 tan 2 tan 3.........tan 89  1
23. Show that :

1
(1) sin 2 5  sin 2 10  sin 2 15  ......  sin 2 90   9
2
 3 5 7
(2) cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  cos 2 2
16 16 16 16
(3) sin 420 cos 390  cos  300  sin  330   1
(4) tan 225 cot 405  tan765 cot 675  0
24. What values between 0 and 360 may A have when

1 1
(1) sin A  (2) cos A   (3) tan A  1
2 2
2
(4) cot A    (5) sec A  
3
25. What sign has sin A  cos A for the following value of A ?
(1) 140 (2) 278 (3) 356
26. Find the value :
(1) sec  270  A  sec  90  A   tan  270  A  tan  90  A 
(2) cot A  tan 180  A   tan  90  A   tan  360  A 

tan(180  a)cos(180  a)tan(90  a)
(3) The expression wherever it is defined
sin(90  a)cot(90  a)tan(90  a)
 3  cos A
(4) If tan A  2 and A   ,  then the expression is equal to
 2  sin A  cos 3 A
3
(5) A rail road curve is to be laid out on a circle. If the track is to change direction by 28
in a distance of 44 meters then the radius of the curve is
ANSWER KEY # IN CHAPTER - 1
24. (1) 45,135 (2) 120, 240 (3) 135, 315 (4) 150, 330
(5) 150,210
25. (1) negative (2) Negative (3) positive
26. (1)  1 (2) 0 (3)  1 (4) 5/9 (5) 90m
B) a) Trigonometric ratios of the sum and difference of two angles :
i) sin(A+ B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB iv) cos(A – B) = cosAcosB + sinA sinB
tanA  tanB
ii) sin(A – B) = sinA cosB – cosA sinB v) tan(A + B) =
1  tanA tanB
tanA  tanB
iii) cos(A + B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB vi) tan(A – B) =
1  tanA tanB
1. Find the values of sin75, cos 75, tan75, tan15 (advised to remember these values)
2. Prove that : ( we can use these 2 results )

(1) sin  A  B  sin  A  B   sin2 A  sin2 B
(2) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos 2 B  sin2 A
3. Prove that :
(1) cos  45  A  cos  45  B   sin  45  A  sin  45  B   sin  A  B 
(2) sin  45  A  cos  45  B   cos  45  A  sin  45  B   cos  A  B 
sin  A  B  sin  B  C  sin  C  A 

(3)   0
cos A cosB cos BcosC cos Ccos A
(4) cos a cos    a   sin a sin    a   cos 
   3 
(5) tan      tan      1
4   4 
A A
(6) 1  tan A tan  tan A cot  1  sec A
2 2
n 1
4. If tan A  and tan B  , find least positive value of (A+B).
n 1 2n  1
3 1 3 1 
1. sin75  , cos75  , tan75  2  3, tan15  2  3 4.
2 2 2 2 4
C) Factorization - Defactorization formulae :
a) i) 2sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)

ii) 2cos A sin B = sin(A + B) – sin(A – B)
iii) 2cosA cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A – B)
iv) 2sin A sin B = cos(A – B) – cos (A+B)
CD CD
b) i) sinC + sinD = 2sin cos
2 2
CD CD
ii) sinC – sinD = 2cos sin
2 2
CD CD CD DC
iii) cosC +cosD = 2cos cos iv) cosC – cosD = 2sin sin
2 2 2 2
Prove that :
cos 6  cos 4 sin A  sin 3A
1.   tan  2.  tan 2A
sin 6  sin 4 cos A  cos 3A
sin7   sin 5 sin7A  sin A
3.  tan  4.  cos 4A sec 5A
cos 7  cos 5 sin8A  sin 2A
sin 2A  sin 2B sin 2A  sin A A
5.  tan A  B cot A  B 6.  cot
sin 2A  sin 2B cos A  cos 2A 2
sin 5A  sin 3A cos 2B  cos 2A
7.  tan A 8.  tan A  B
cos 3A  cos 5A sin 2B  sin 2A
cos 2B  cos 2A
9.  cot  A  B  cot  A  B 
cos 2B  cos 2A
10. cos  A  B   sin  A  B   2sin  45  A  cos  45  B 
sin  4 A  2B   sin  4B  2A 
11.  tan  A  B 
cos  4 A  2B   cos  4B  2A 
sin A  sin5A  sin9A  sin13A

12.  cot 4A
cos A  cos 5A  cos 9A  cos13A
13. cos 3A  cos 5A  cos 7A  cos15A  4 cos 4 A cos 5A cos 6A
Prove that:
 7 3 11
14. sin sin  sin sin  sin 2 sin 5
2 2 2 2
 9 5
15. cos 2 cos  cos 3 cos  sin 5 sin
2 2 2
16.  sin 3A  sin A  sin A   cos 3A  cos A  cos A  0
17. cos  36  A  cos  36   A   cos  54   A  cos  54   A   cos 2A
18. sin     cos  a     sin    a  cos       sin  a    cos       0
 9 3 5
19. 2 cos cos  cos  cos 0
13 13 13 13
D) Trigonometric ratios of multiple angles :
i) sin2A = 2sinA cosA v) cos3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A
3tanA  tan 3 A
ii) cos2A = cos2 A – sin2A vi) tan 3A =
1  3tan 2 A
= 2cos2 A – 1
= 1 – 2 sin2 A
2tanA 2tanA
iii) tan 2A = 2 vii) sin2A =
1  tan A 1  tan 2 A
1  tan 2 A
iv) sin 3A = 3sinA – 4sin3 A viii) cos 2A =
1  tan 2 A
b
1. If tan   , prove that value of a cos 2  b sin 2 is ‘a’
a
Prove that :
sin 2A 1  cos 2A
1.  cot A 2.  tan 2 A
1  cos2A 1  cos2A
sin 2A
3.  tan A 4. tan A  cot A  2cosec 2A
1  cos 2A
5. tan A – cot A = –2 cot 2A 6. cosec 2A + cot 2A = cot A
7. tan 3A tan 2A tan A  tan 3A  tan 2A  tan A
 
tan
1  tan 2  45  A  sin   sin  2
 cos ec 2A 
8. 1  tan 2  45  A  9. sin   sin  tan   
2
    cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
10. tan      tan      2 tan 2 11.   2 tan 2A
4  4  cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B  A B

12.  tan cot
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B  2 2
sin2 A  sin2 B 4 cos 2A

14. cot  A  15   tan  A  15   1  2sin 2A
 
13.  tan  A  B 
sin A cos A  sinB cosB
sin   sin 2 1  sin   cos  
15. 1  cos   cos 2   tan  16. 1  sin   cos 
 tan
2
17. Find the values of sin18,cos18, sin 36, cos 36
5 1 10  2 5 10  2 5 5 1
17. sin18  , cos18   , sin 36  , cos 36 
4 4 4 4
E) Maximum & Minimum values of Trigonometric functions:
(a) Min. value of a 2 tan 2   b 2 cot 2   2ab where
(b) Max. and Min. value of a cos   b sin  are a2  b2 and – a2  b2 respectively
(c) If f     a cos       bcos     where a, b,  &  are known quantities then
 a 2  b2  2ab cos(  )  f     a 2  b2  2abcos(  )
 
(d) If ,    0,  and      (constant) then the maximum values of the expression
 2
cos  cos ,cos   cos , sin   sin  and sin  sin  occurs when      / 2 .
 
(e) If ,    0,  and      (constant) then the minimum values of the expression
 2
sec   sec , tan   tan ,cosec   cosec  occurs when      / 2 .
(f) If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then maximum value of
sinA + sinB + sinC and sinA sinB sinC occurs when A = B = C = 600
(g) In case a quadratic in sin  or cos  is given then the maximum or minimum values can be
interpreted by making a perfect square.
1. Eliminate  from the equations and find the eliminant :

(a) x cos   y sin   c and x cos   y sin   d
(b) a cos   b sin   c and bcos   a sin   d
(c) m  cos ec   sin  and n  sec   cos 
(d) c cos 3   3c cos  sin 2   m,c sin3   3c sin  cos 2   n
(e) sin       2b and sin      2c
2. Find the least value of 2 sin 2   3 cos 2 
3. Find the range of f  x   sin  cos x 
4. Find the maximum and minimum value of 12 sin   9 sin 2 
5. Find the minimum value of : 9 tan2   4 cot 2 

6. If sin 2 1  sin 2  2  .....  sin 2 n  0, then
find the minimum value of cos 1  cos 2  .....  cos n
2 2
7. If f      sin   cosec     cos   sec   , , then the minimum value of f    is
8. Find the maximum/minimum value of :

   
(1) 3 sin x  cos x (2) 1  sin      cos     (3) 6 sin x cos x  4 cos 2x
 4  4
3 3 1 2
(4) sin x(sin x  3)  cos x(cos x  4)  sin 2x  4 cos x  5
2
(5) cos 2 x  6 sin x cos x  3 sin 2 x  2
(c  d)2 (c  d)2
1. (a)  4 (b) a2  b2  c2  d2 (c) m 2 / 3  n 2 / 3  (mn)2 / 3
x2 y2
(b  c)2 (b  c)2
(d) (m  n)2 / 3  (m  n)2 / 3  2c 2 / 3 (e)  1
sin 2 a cos 2 a
2. 2 3.   sin1,sin1 4. Maximum 4, minimum  21
5. 12 6.  n 7. 9
8. (1) 2,-2 (2) 3,-1 (3) 5,  5
(4) 6  73,6  73 (5) 4  10,4  10
F) Trigonometric ratios of the sum of three angles :
i) sin(A+B+C) = sinA cosB cosC + cosA sinB cosC + cosA cosB sinC
– sinA sinB sinC
ii) cos(A+B+C) = cosA cosB cosC – sinA sinB cosC – cosA sinB sinC
– sinA cosB sinC
tanA + tanB + tanC  tanA tanB tanC

ii) tan (A + B + C) = .
1  (tanA tanB + tanB tanC + tanC tanA)
G) Sum of sines or cosines of n angles :
i) sin  + sin (+) + sin ( + 2 ) + ...+ sin ( + n  1 
sin n /2  n 1 
= sin /2 sin  
 2 
ii) cos  + cos (+ ) + cos ( + 2 ) + ... + cos ( + n  1 
sin n /2  n 1 
 = sin /2 cos   .
 2 
In a triangle ABC prove that :

A B B C C A
(1) tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C (2) tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
(3) sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4 sin A sin B sin C (4) sin A  sin B  sin C  4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
(5) cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
SOLVED SUBJECTIVE ILLUSTRATION
Illustration 1: Prove that 2(sin6  + cos6  ) – 3 (sin4  + cos4  ) + 1 = 0.

Solution: L.H.S = 2[(sin2  + cos2  )3 – 3 sin2  cos2  (sin2  + cos2  )]
– 3[(sin2  + cos2  )2 – 2sin2  cos2  ] + 1
= 2 [1 – 3sin2  cos2  ] – 3[1 – 2sin2  cos2  ] + 1 = 0 = R.H.S
Illustration 2: Prove that tan 700 = 2 tan 500 + tan 200.
tan 50 0  tan 200

Solution: tan 70 = tan (50 + 20 ) =
0 0 0
1  tan 50 0. tan 20 0
 tan 700 (1 – tan 500 tan 200) = tan 500 + tan200
 tan700 = tan700 tan500 tan 200 + tan 500 + tan 200
= 2 tan 500 + tan 200.  tan70.tan20  1
Illustration 3: If A + B = 450, show that (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2.

tan A  tanB
Solution: tan (A + B) = =1
1  tan A tanB
 tanA + tanB + tanA tanB + 1 = 1 + 1
 tanA(1 + tanB) + (1 + tanB) = 2
 (1 + tanA)(1 + tanB) = 2.
Illustration 4: Prove that tanA + 2tan2A + 4tan4A + 8cot8A = cotA.
Solution: L.H.S. = tanA + 2tan2A + 4tan4A + 8

1  tan 2
4A
2 tan 4 A
= tanA + 2 tan 2A + 4 cot 4A = tanA + 2 tan2A + 4

1  tan 2
2A 
2 tan 2A
1  tan 2 A
= tanA + 2 cot 2A = tanA + = cotA = R.H.S.
tan A
A B C
Illustration 5: If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle, show that tan2  tan2  tan2  1 .
2 2 2
A B C 
Solution: We have +   , so that
2 2 2 2
A B
tan
 tan
 A B   C  2 2  1
tan     tan    A B C
 2 2 2 2 1  tan tan tan
2 2 2
A B B C C A
 tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 A B C 1 A A B
 tan  tan2  tan2  1   2tan2   2tan tan 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1  A B  B C  C A 
=  tan  tan    tan  tan    tan  tan   0
2  2 2  2 2  2 2 
Illustration 6: If x + y + z = xyz
x y z 4xyz
Prove that    .
2 2
1 x 1 y 1 z 2
1  x 1  y 2 1  z2 
2
Solution: Let x = tanA, y = tanB, z = tanC

 tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA. tanB. tanC
 A + B + C = n  tan(2A + 2B) = tan(2 n  – 2C) ; n  I
or tan (2A + 2B) = – tan2C
or tan2A + tan2B + tan2C = tan2A. tan2B. tan2C
2x 2y 2z 8xyz  2tan A 
 tan2A  1  tan2 A 
or   
2 2
1 x 1 y 1 z 2
1  x 1  y2 1  z2 
2
x y z 4xyz
or,   
1  x 2 1  y 2 1  z2 1  x 2 1  y 2 1  z2  .
tan   tan  sin 2  sin2

Illustration 7: If tan  = , prove that sin 2  =
1  tan  tan  1  sin 2 sin 2
sin  sin 

cos  cos  sin     
Solution: tan  = 
sin  sin  cos     
1 .
cos  cos 
sin     
2
2 tan  cos      2 sin      cos     
sin2  =  =
1  tan 2  2
sin      cos 2       sin2     
1
cos 2     
sin 2  sin 2 sin 2  sin 2 sin 2  sin 2

= = 
1  cos 2      1  cos 2      1
 1  .2sin 2 sin 2 1  sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2
(a  b)
Illustration 8: If tan  = cot  , prove that (a – bcos 2 ) (a – b cos 2 ) is independent of  and  .
(a  b)
a b
Solution : Let us put tan  = t1 and tan  = t2  t12.t 22  ... (1)
a b
1  tan2  1  t12 1  tan2  1  t 22

Also, cos 2 =  cos 2 = 
1  tan2  1  t12 1  tan2  1  t 22
 1  t12 
Now a – b cos 2 = a – b  
2 
 1  t1 
(a  b)  (a  b)t12 (a  b) a  b 2 ab 2 2 2
 a  b  t1  = 1  t 2 t1 t 2  t1 
=    (by (1))
1  t12 (1  t12 ) 1
ab
= (t 22 1)t12 ... (2)
(1 t12 )
ab 2 2
Similary a – b cos 2 = t 2 (t1  1) ... (3)
(1  t 22 )
Hence, (a – b cos2  ) (a – b cos2  ) = (a + b)2 t12 t 22  a 2  b2 by (1) which is independent of  and  .
Illustration 9: In any triangle ABC, prove that

sin3 A cos (B – C) + sin3B cos (C – A) + sin3C cos (A – B) = 3 sin A sin B sin C
Solution: LHS = sin2 A sin (B + C) cos (B – C) + sin2B sin (C + A) cos (C – A)
+ sin2C sin (A + B) cos (A – B)
1 2 1 1
= sin A(sin 2B + sin 2C)+ sin2B (sin2C + sin 2A)+ sin2C (sin 2A + sin 2B)
2 2 2
= sin2 A (sinB cos B + sin C cos C) + sin2 B (sin C cos C + sin A cos A)
+ sin2C (sin A cos A + sin B cos B)
= sin A sin B (sin A cos B + cos A sin B) + sin B sin C (sin B cos C + cos B
sin C)+ sin C sin A (sin A cos C + cos A sin C)
= sin A sin B sin(A + B) + siin B sin C sin (B + C) + sin C sin A sin (A + C)
= 3 sin A sin B sin C = RHS.
SOLVED OBJECTIVE ILLUSTRATION
Illustration 1: sin 470 + sin 610 – sin 110 – sin 250 is equal to
(a) sin 360 (b) cos 360 (c) sin 70 (d) cos 70
Solution: The given expression is equal to
(sin 470 + sin 610) – (sin 110 + sin 250) = 2 sin540 cos70 – 2 sin 180 cos 70
 5 1 5  1
= 2 cos70 (sin 540 – sin 180) = 2 cos 70  4  4  = cos 70
 
Hence (d) is the correct answer.
Illustration 2: In triangle ABC, right-angled at C, tanA + tanB equal to

(a) a + b (b) c2 / ab (c) a2 / bc (d) b2 / ac.
a b a 2  b2 c 2
Solution: We have tanA = a/b and tanB = b/a, so that tanA + tanB =   
b a ab ab
Hence (b) is the correct answer.
Illustration 3 : Maximum value of the expression 2sinx + 4cosx + 3 is

(a) 2 5 + 3 (b) 2 5  3 (c) 5 +3 (d) None of these
Solution : Maximum value of 2sinx + 4cosx = 2 5 .
Hence the maximum value of 2sinx + 4cosx + 3 is 2 5 + 3.

Hence (a) is the correct answer.
Illustration 4: If sin  and cos  are the roots of the equation ax2 – bx + c = 0, then a, b and c
satisfy the relation
(a) a2 + b2 + 2ac = 0 (b) a2 – b2 + 2ac = 0
(c) a2 + c2 + 2ab = 0 (d) a2 – b2 – 2ac = 0
Solution: Since sin  and cos  are roots of the given quadratic equation, we have
sin  + cos  = b/a and sin  cos  = c/a
 (sin  + cos  )2 = b2/a2  sin2  + cos2  + 2sin  cos  = b2/a2
2
1 + 2 c  b2  a 2  2ac  b2  0
a a
Illustration 5: If A lies in the second quadrant and 3 tanA + 4 = 0, the value of

2cotA – 5 cos A + sin A is equal to
53 23 37 7
(a) – (b) (c) (d)
10 10 10 10
Solution: From 3 tanA + 4 = 0, we get tanA = – 4/3, so that
 tan A 4/3 4
sin A =    sin A  0 and tan A  0 in quad.II 
2
1  tan A 1  16 / 9 5
1 3
and cosA = –   cos A is negative in quad.II 
1  tan A 2 5
 3   3  4 23
Hence 2 cot A – 5 cosA + sin A = 2     5     
 4   5  5 10
Illustration 6: If sinx + sin2x = 1, then the value of cos12 x + 3cos10 x + 3cos8x + cos6x – 1 is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2
Solution: From sin x + sin2x = 1, we get sin x = cos2x, Now, the given expression is
equal to
cos6x (cos6x + 3cos4x + 3cos2x + 1) – 1 = cos6x (cos2x + 1)3 – 1
= sin3x (sinx + 1)3 – 1 = (sin2x + sinx)3 – 1 = 1 –1 = 0
x x
Illustration 7 : The maximum value of 4sin2 x + 3cos2x + sin + cos is
2 2
(a) 4  2 (b) 3 + 2 (c) 9 (d) 4
x x 1 1
Solution : Maximum value of 4sin2x + 3cos2x i.e., sin2x + 3 is 4 and that of sin  cos is   2,
2 2 2 2
both attained at x =  / 2 . Hence the given function has maximum value of 4 + 2
Illustration 8 : If 3sin  + 5cos  = 5, then the value of 5sin  – 3cos  is equal to

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) none of these
Solution : 3 sin  = 5( 1–cos  ) = 5 × 2sin2  /2  tan  /2 = 3/5
  2  3 31  9 
 1  tan
2 tan  2  
2 3 2
5sin  – 3cos  = 5 × = 5  5   25   3
2  
1  tan 1  tan 2 9 9
2 2 1 1
25 25
Illustration 9 : In a ABC , if cotA cotB cotC > 0, then the  is

(a) acute angled (b) right angled
(c) obtuse angled (d) does not exist
Solution : Since cotA cotB cotC > 0,
cotA, cotB, cotC are positive   is acute angled
3
Illustration 10 : If   2  , then 2  2  2 cos 4 equals to
2
(a) –2cos  (b) –2sin  (c) 2cos  (d) 2sin 
Solution : 2  2(1  cos 4)  2  2|cos 2|
= 2(1  cos 2)
 3
= 2|sin  | 2 sin  as 
2 4
Hence (d) is the correct answer.
Illustration 11 : If tan  = n for some non-square natural number n, then sec 2 is
(a) a rational number (b) an irrational number
(c) a positive number (d) none of these
1  tan 2  1  n
Solution : sec 2  
1  tan2  1  n
where n is a non-square natural number so 1–n  0
 sec2  is a rational number..
Illustration 12 : If tan  = a  0, tan 2 = b  0 and tan  + tan 2 = tan 3 then
(a) a = b (b) ab = 1 (c) a + b = 0 (d) b = 2a
Solution : As, tan3  – tan 2 – tan  = tan 3 . tan 2 . tan 
 0 = abtan 3  tan 3  0
 tan  + tan 2 = 0  a + b = 0.
Hence (c) is the correct answer.
EXERCISE 1 [A]
1. Which of the following relation is correct
o 
(A) sin1  sin1 (B) sin1 sin1o (C) sin1  sin1o (D) sin1  sin1o
180
2. The radius of the circle whose arc of length 15 cm makes an angle of 3/4 radian at the centre is
1 1
(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 11 cm (D) 22 cm
4 2
3. If A lies in the second quadrant and 3 tan A  4  0 then the value of 2cot A  5cos A  sin A is equal
to
53 7 7 23
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 10 10 10
4. If the perimeter of the sector of a circle is m times the radius of the circle, then the angle subtended by the sector
at the center of the circle is
c c
(A) mc (B) m  2 c (C) m  1 (D) m  2
5. Which of the following number(s) is rational-

(A) sin 15º (B) cos 15º (C) sin 15º cos 15º (D) sin 15º cos 75º
6. If a semi perimeter of a circle of radius r equals perimeter of a sector of the same circle subtending and angle  at
the center then,
c
(a)     2 (b) area of the mentioned sector    2 r 2
(c) length of the corresponding arc    2 r (d) all of these

cot   cos ec  1
7. Which of the following is not equal to ?
cot   cos ec  1
cos ec  1 sin  1  cos 
(A) cos ec  cot  (B) (C) (D)
cot  1  cos  sin 
8. tan1o tan 2o tan 3o tan 4o............ tan 89 o 
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C)  (D)1/2
   3 
9. The value of the expression cos   x  .cos   x   cos    x  .cos  2   x 
 2   2 
(A) cos 2x (B) sin 2x (C) 1 (D) None of these
10. If sin   cos   1, then sin  cos  

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1/2
5sin   3cos 
11. If 5 tan   4, then equal to
5sin   2 cos 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/6 (D) 6
12. If sin x + cosec x =2, then sin n x  cosec n x is equal to
n
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2n 1 (D) 2n  2
o 2 o tan 2 60o cosec 30o

13. If x sin 45 cos 60  , then x 
sec 45o cot 2 30 o
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16
14. If A  1300 and x  sin A  cos A, then

(A) x  0 (B) x  0 (C) x  0 (D) x  0
cos17o  sin17 o
15.
cos17o  sin17 o
(A) tan 62o (B) tan 56o (C) tan 54o (D) tan 73o
16. tan 75o  cot 75o 

(A) 2 3 (B) 2  3 (C) 2  3 (D) None of these
17. cos 2   cos 2 (  120o )  cos2 (  120o ) is equal to

3 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 0
2 2
18. cos 24º + cos 5º + cos 175º + cos 204º + cos 300º =
3
(A) 1/2 (B) – 1/2 (C) (D) 1
2
19. cos2 48° – sin2 12° =
5 1 5 1 3 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 4 2 2
   
20. If sin  + sin = a and cos – cos = b, then tan  2  is equal to-
 
a b
(A) – b (B) – a (C) a 2  b 2 (D) None of these
 
21. 1  2 sin 2     
4 
(a) cos 2 (b)  cos 2 (c) sin 2 (d)  sin 2
22. If cos   cos   0  sin   sin , then cos 2  cos 2 

(A) 2sin(  ) (B) 2cos(  ) (C) 2sin(  ) (D) 2 cos(  )
1 1
23. If tan A   and tan B   , then A+B can be
2 3
 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
4 4 4
sin 3  cos 3
24. 1 
sin   cos 
(A) 2 sin 2 (B) 2 cos 2 (C) tan 2 (D) cot 2
25. If cos A  m cos B, then

A  B m 1 B A A  B m 1 B A
(A) cot  tan (B) tan  cot
2 m 1 2 2 m 1 2
A  B m 1 AB
(C) cot  tan (D)None of these
2 m 1 2
26. tan100o  tan125o  tan100 o tan125o 

1
(A) 0 (B) (C) –1 (D)1
2
1 1
27. If sin A  and sin B  , where A and B are positive acute angles, then A + B =
10 5
  
(A)  (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4
28. sin 50o  sin 70o  sin10o 

(A)1 (B) 0 (C) 1/2 (D) 2
29. sin12o sin 48o sin 54o 

(A) 1/16 (B) 1/32 (C) 1/8 (D) 1/4
sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9

30. 
cos 3  cos 5  cos 7   cos 9
(A) tan 3 (B) cot 3 (C) tan 6 (D) cot 6
sin(B  A)  cos(B  A)
31. 
sin(B  A)  cos(B  A)
cos B  sin B cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
cos B  sin B cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
tan(x  y)
32. If sin 2x  n sin 2y, then the value of is
tan(x  y)
n 1 n 1 1 n 1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n 1 n 1 1 n
33. 2 cos2   2sin 2   1, then  

(A) 150 (B) 300 (C) 450 (D) 600
34. cos2 A(3  4 cos2 A) 2  sin 2 A(3  4sin 2 A)2 

(A) cos 4A (B) sin 4A (C) 1 (D) None of these
35. 2sin 2   4 cos(  ) sin  sin   cos 2(  ) =

(A) sin 2 (B) cos 2 (C) cos 2 (D) sin 2
3cos   cos3
36. is equal to
3sin   sin 3
(A) 1  cot 2  (B) cot 4  (C) cot 3  (D) 2 cot 
37. 2 sin A cos 3 A  2sin 3 A.cos A 

1 1
(A) sin 4A (B) sin 4A (C) sin 4A (D) None of these
2 4
3  A   5A 
38. If cos A  ,then 32sin   sin   
4 2  2 
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 11 (D) None of these
39. The minimum value of 3cos x  4sin x  8 is

(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 2 (D) 3
2 4
40. If x = y cos = z cos , then xy + yz + zx =
3 3
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
1
41. If sin  = – and tan = 1, then  lies in which quadrant-
2
(A) First (B) Second (C) Third (D) Fourth
 
42. If tan  2  and tan  2  are the roots of the equation 8x2 – 26x + 15 = 0 then cos ( + ) is equal to-
   
627 627 725

(A) – (B) (C) – (D) – 1
725 725 627
43. tan 9o  tan 27 o  tan 63o  tan 81o 

(A) 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
44. If   22o 30, then (1  cos ) (1  cos 3)(1  cos 5)(1  cos 7) equals
1 2 2 1
(A) 1/8 (B) 1/4 (C) (D)
2 2 2 1
45. 3 cosec 20o  sec 20o 

2sin 20o 4sin 20o
(A) 2 (B) (C) 4 (D)
sin 40o sin 40o
46. sin 20 o sin 40 o sin 60o sin 80o 

(A) 3/16 (B) 5 /16 (C) 3/16 (D) 5/16
47. cos 20 o cos 40o cos80o 

(A) 1 2 (B) 1 4 (C) 1 6 (D) 1 8
48. The maximum value of sin(+ /6) + cos( + /6) is attained at
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 6 3 2
49. Minimum value of 5 sin2  + 4 cos2  is -

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1 1
50. If x + = 2 cos , then x3 + =
x x3
1 1
(A) cos 3 (B) 2 cos 3 (C) cos 3 (D) cos 3
2 3
EXERCISE 1 [B]
   3   7 
tan  x   .cos   x   sin 3   x
 2   2   2  simplifies to
1. The expression
   3 
cos  x   . tan   x
 2  2 
(A) (1 + cos2x) (B) sin2x (C) – (1 + cos2x) (D) cos2x
a
2. If tan = where a, b are positive reals numbers and   1st quadrant then the value of
b
sin sec7 + cos cosec7 is
(a  b)3 (a 4  b4 ) (a  b)3 (a 4  b 4 )
(A) (B)
(ab)7 / 2 (ab)7 / 2
(a  b)3 (b 4  a 4 ) (a  b)3 (a 4  b 4 )
(C) (D) 
(ab)7 / 2 (ab)7 / 2

If f (x) = 3 sin4 
 3      
3.  x   sin 4 (3  x) – 2 sin6   x   sin 6 (5   x) then, for all permissible values
  2    2  
of x, f (x) is
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) not a constant function
tan 2 20  sin 2 20
4. The expression simplifies to
tan 2 20 · sin 2 20
(A) a rational which is not integral (B) a surd
(C) a natural which is prime (D) a natural which is not composite
5. There is an equilateral triangle with side 4 and a circle with the centre on one of the vertex of that triangle.
The arc of that circle divides the triangle into two parts of equal area. How long is the radius of the circle?
12 3 24 3 30 3 6 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
   
6. If the expression, 2 cos10° + sin 100° + sin 1000° + sin 10000° is simplified, then it simplifies to
(A) cos 10° (B) 3 cos 10° (C) 4 cos 10° (D) 5 cos 10°
7. The value of the expression (sinx + cosecx)2 + (cosx + secx)2 – ( tanx + cotx)2,wherever defined , is equal
to
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
8. The area of the circle in which a chord of length 2a makes an angle  at its centre is

(A)  a2 cot2
2 
(B) 2  a2 1  cot 2 
2 

(C) a2 1  cot 
2
2  (D) 4 a2 1  cot 2 
2
9. Exact value of cos2 73º + cos2 47º - sin2 43º + sin2 107º is equal to :
(A) 1/2 (B) 3/4 (C) 1 (D) none
10. Each of the four statements given below are either True or False.
1
I. sin765° = – II. cosec(–1410°) = 2
2
13 1  15 
III. tan = IV. cot    =–1
3 3  4 
Indicate the correct order of sequence, where 'T' stands for true and 'F' stands for false.
(A) F T F T (B) F F T T (C) T F F F (D) F T F F
 3  3
11. The two legs of a right triangle are sin  + sin     and cos – cos     . The length of its hypotenuse
 2   2 
is
(A)1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) some function of 
2 sin  {1  cos   sin }
12. If  y , then 
{1  cos   sin } 1  sin 
1
(A) (B) y (C) 1 – y (D) 1 + y
y
13. Let A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of unit radius. Then the product of the
lengths of the line segments A0 A1 , A0 A2 and A0 A4 is
3 3 3
(A) (B) 3 3 (C) 3 (D)
4 2
2 o 2 o 1 2 o
14. The value of tan 30  4 sin 45  cos 30 is
3
7 5 5 5
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1
12 12 12 12
15. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(A) cos 4   sin 4   cos 2   sin 2  (B) 1  tan 2   sec2 
(C) sin 40o  cos 50o  2 sin 40 (D) sin 2   cos 2   
tan 2 60o  2 tan 2 45o  sec2 30o

16. The value of
3sin 2 45o sin 90o  cos 2 60 o cos 3 o
49 7 14 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 3 9 3
 
 tan  
17. If tan    , then  3  is equal to
 sin   sin  cos  
 
 cos  
(A) 0 (B) 2 2 (C) 2 (D) 1
18. sec 2   cos ec 2 is equal to

(A) sec 2  cot 2  (B) sec 2  tan 2  (C) cos ec 2 cot 2  (D) sec 2  cos ec 2 
19. The value of sin 2000 + cos 2000 is

(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) – sin (650)
20. cos .sin(   )  cos .sin(   )  cos .sin(  ) 

(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 4 cos  cos  cos 
 
tan
2
21. If 3sin   5sin  , then   =
tan
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

1 3
22. If sin 2  sin 2  and cos 2  cos 2  , then cos 2 (  ) 
2 2
3 5 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 8 4 4
1
23. If tan   a  then sec  tan  is equal to
4a
1 1 1
(a) 2a, (b)  , 2a (c) 2a (d) , 2a
2a 2a 2a
2 4xy
24. sec   2 , where x  R, y  R , is true if and only if
x  y
(a) x  y  0 (b) x  y, x  0 (c) x = y (d) x  0, y  0
25. Let f ()  sin (sin   sin 3) . Then
(A) f ()  0 only when   0 (B) f ()  0 only when   0
(C) f ()  0 for all real  (D) None of these

tan A  tan B  tan C

26. If A  B  C  , then 
tan A.tan B. tan C
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) –1
3
27. If A  B  C  , then cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  4sin Asin Bsin C 
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
A 1 B 2 C
28. Let A, B and C are the angles of a plain triangle and tan  , tan  . Then tan is equal to
2 3 2 3 2
(A) 7/9 (B) 2/9 (C) 1/3 (D) 2/3

x 2  y2
29. cos ec  2 2 , where x  R, y  R , gives real  if and only if
x y
(a) x  y  0 (b) x  y  0
(c) x + y = 0, x  0 (d) none of these
   
30. cos  .cos     .cos     is equal to
3  3 
(a) cos 2 (b) cos 3 (c) cos3  (d) None of these
cos 20º  8sin 70º sin 50º sin10º

31. is equal to -
sin 2 80º
3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) None of these
4
32. For all real values of  , cot   2cot 2 is equal to

(a) tan 2 (b) tan  (c)  cot 3 (d) None of these
 
33. If f () = 5 cos  + 3 cos     + 3, then range of f () is-
 3
(A) [–5, 11] (B) [–3, 9] (C) [–2, 10] (D) [–4, 10]
A B
34. If A+B +C = , then  tan tan is equal to -
2 2
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 1/2 (D) 1
35. If a = sin 170° + cos 170°, then -

(A) a > 0 (B) a < 0 (C) a = 0 (D) a = 1
36. sin2A + sin2(A – B) + 2 sinA cosB sin(B – A) is equal to -

(A) sin2A (B) sin2B (C) cos2A (D) cos2B
37. Maximum value of sin   cos  is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1  
38. If sin   cos   , then tan   
5 2 
1 1 1 1
(a) –3 or (b) 3 or  (c) –2 or (d) 2 or 
2 2 3 3
12
39. The maximum value of the expression is
9  3cos x  4sin x
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
2
40. Given 3 sin  + 5 cos = 5, then the value of  3cos   5sin   is
9 1 1
(A) 9 (B) (C) (D)
5 3 9
cos  sin 
41. If n  ,m  , then  m 2  n 2  sin 2  is
cos  sin 
(A) 1 – n (B) 1 + n (C) 1 – n2 (D) 1 + n2
42. If x = a sin  , y = b tan  , then
x 2 y2 a 2 b2 a 2 b2 x 2 y2
(A) 2  2  1 (B) 2  2  1 (C) 2  2  1 (D)  1
a b x y x y a 2 b2
12 13sin   5sec 
43. If sin   , then the value of is
13 5 tan   6 cos ec
50 37
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
37 2
44. If tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A . tan B . tan C then

(a) A, B, C must be angles of a triangle (b) the sum of any two of A, B, C is equal to the third
(c) A + B + C must be an integral multiple of  (d) None of these
1
45. Find the minimum value of the expression
5  4 cos x
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 7 8 9
x x x x
46. 8  sin  cos  cos  cos =
8 2 4 8
(A) 8 cos x (B) cos x (C) 8 sin x (D) sin x
47. If A  B  C  1800 , then the value of (cot B + cot C) (cot C + cot A) (cot A + cot B) will be
(A) sec A sec B sec C (B) cosec A cosec B cosec C
(C) tan A tan B tan C (D) 1
48. If tan  + cot  = m, then : tan4 + cot4  =
(A) m4 – 4m2 + 2 (B) m4 + 4m2 – 2 (C) m4 – 4m2 - 2 (D) m4 + 4m2 + 2
49. If sin   sin 2  sin 3  sin  and cos   cos 2  cos 3  cos , then  is equal to
(A)  / 2 (B)  (C) 2 (D)  6
1 3
50. 
sin10 cos10 o
o
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
EXERCISE 1 [C]
Only one option is correct.
sin 4 A  3sin 2 A cos 2 A  7 cos 4 A
1. If tan A  2 the value of is
1  sin 2 A cos 2 A  5cos 4 A
3 5 7
16 16 16
2. The sign of the product sin 2 sin 3 sin 5 is -

(A) Negative (B) Positive (C) 0 (D) None of these
3. If (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) = (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C), then every
side is equal to -
(A) ±1 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) None of these
4. If A  B  C   and cos A  cos B cos C, then tan Btan C is equal to
1 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 
2 2
10
3 r 
5. The value of  cos   is equal to-
r 0  3 
9 7 9 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 8 8
6. If Un = 2 cos n, then U1Un – Un–1 is equal to -

(A) Un+2 (B) Un+1 (C) U2Un+1 (D) None of these
7. If cos 5 = a cos5  + b cos3  + c cos  then c is equal to -

(A) –5 (B) 1 (C) 5 (D) None of these
sin 3x
8. If f (x) = sin x , x  n, then the range of values of f (x) for real values of x is -
(A) [–1, 3] (B) (–, –1] (C) (3, +) (D) [–1, 3)
9. If cos ( + ) = m cos (), then tan  is equal to :
1  m  1  m  1  m  1  m 
(A)   tan  (B)   tan  (C)   cot  (D)   cot 
1  m  1  m  1  m  1  m 
10. The side of a regular dodecagon is 2 cm. The radius of the circumscribed circle in cms. is :
2 2
(A) 4( 6  2 ) (B) 6 2 (C) (D) 6 2
3 1
 1  2sin2 ( / 2)
11. If tan = m, then the value of is
2 1  sin 
2m 1 m 1 m 1 m
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 m 1 m 1 m 2m
12. A rectangle has its sides of lengths sin x and cos x for some x. Largest possible area which it can have, is
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) can not be determined
4 2
13. The difference (sin8 75° – cos8 75°) is equal to

3 3 3 3 7 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
8 16 16
14. The tangents of two acute angles are 3 and 2. The sine of twice their difference is
(A) 7/24 (B) 7/48 (C) 7/50 (D) 7/25
15. If tan A & tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 - ax + b = 0, then the value of
sin2 (A + B) is :
a2 a2 a2 a2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a 2  (1  b)2 a 2  b2 (b  a)2 b2 (1  a)2
n sin A cos A
16. If tanB = then tan(A + B) equals
1  ncos 2 A
sin A (n  1)cos A sin A sin A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1  n)cos A sin A (n  1)cos A (n  1)cos A
 1 1
17. 0<,< , tan = and sin= . The value of + 2 is
2 7 10
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
18. If sinA = sinB and cos A = cos B, then

 A B  A B  A B  A B
(A) sin  = 0 (B) sin   =0 (C) sin   =0 (D) cos  = 0
 2   2   2   2 
sin3  cos 3 
19. 1  is equal to
sin   cos  sin   cos 
(A) sin2 (B) cos2 (C) sin  cos  (D) sin2
20. If cos (x  y) = a cos (x + y), then cot x cot y is equal to
a 1 a 1
(A) (B) (C) a  1 (D) a + 1
a 1 a 1
sin A 3 cos A 5
21. If = and = , 0 < A, B < /2, then tan A + tan B is equal to
sin B 2 cos B 2
(A)
3
(B)
5
(C) 1 (D)
 5 3 
5 3 5
22. If Pn = cosn + sinn, then Pn  Pn-2 = k Pn- 4 where

(A) k = 1 (B) k =  sin2cos2
(C) k = sin 
2
(D) k = cos2
23. The acute angle of a rhombus whose side is a mean proportional between its diagonals is
(A) 15º (B) 20º (C) 30º (D) 80º
 C C A B
24. If A + B + C =  & sin  A   = k sin , then tan tan =
 2 2 2 2
k 1 k1 k k1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
k1 k 1 k1 k
3  cot 76 cot16

25. The value of is :
cot 76  cot16
(A) tan 46º (B) tan 44º (C) cot 46º (D) cot 2º
2(sin1  sin 2  sin 3  .......  sin89)

26. The value of the expression equals
2(cos1  cos 2  .................  cos 44)  1
1 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2
2024 5 9
27. If sin 2x = , where <x< , the value of the sin x – cos x is equal to
2025 4 4
1 1 1
(A) – (B) (C) ± (D) none
45 45 2025
28. The expression ( tan4  + tan2  ) ( 1 – tan2 3  tan2  ) is identical to

(A) 2 cot 3  . sec2  (B) 2 sec 3  . tan2  (C) 2 tan3  . sin2  (D) 2 tan3  . sec2 
29. The value of cot x + cot (60º + x) + cot (120º + x) is equal to :

3  9tan2 x
(A) cot 3x (B) tan 3x (C) 3 tan 3x (D)
3tanx  tan3 x
a
30. If  = 3  and sin  = . The value of the expression , a cosec  b sec  is
a  b2
2
1
(A) (B) 2 a 2  b2 (C) a + b (D) none
a  b2
2
A
31. If A = 3400 then 2 sin is identical to
2
(A) 1  sin A  1  sin A (B)  1  sin A  1  sin A
(C) 1  sin A  1  sin A (D)  1  sin A  1  sin A
32. If p = sin200 – cos 200, then the value of cos 400, in terms of p , is
(A) – p 2  p2 (B) p 2  p 2 (C) – p + 2  p 2 (D) – p – 2  p 2
 
33. Given sin= p, the quadratic equation, whose roots are tan and cot , is
2 2
(A) px2 + 2x + p = 0 (B) px2 + x + p = 0 (C) px2 – 2x + p = 0 (D) px2 – x + p = 0
1 1
34. cos 290 + 3 sin 250
=
2 3 4 3
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) none
3 3
35. If sin x + sin y = a, cos x + cos y = b, then the value of sin (x+y) is
2 ab 2 ab a 2  b2
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) none of these
a  b2
2
a  b2
2
a  b2
 3  
36. sec sin + sin – cos equals
4 20 10 10
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D)
2
(1  tan11º)(1  tan 34º)
37. The value of is equal to
(1  tan17º )(1  tan 28º )
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) none of these
4 sin 9 sin 21 sin 39 sin 51 sin 69 sin 81
38. Value of is equal to
sin 54
(A) 1/16 (B) 1/32 (C) 1/8 (D) 1/4
  13   2   
39.  sin  sin   cos – cos 2  is equal to
 10 10   6 10 
5 –1 1 5 –1
(A) (B) – (C) (D) None of these
8 2 16
x 2  y2
40. The equation sin 2   is possible if
2xy
(A) x  y (B) x  y (C) 2x  y (D) none of these

 2 3 4 5 6 7
41. The value of cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos is
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) none of these
42. If cot       0, then sin    2  is equal to

(A)  sin  (B) sin  (C) cos  (D) cos 
2 12 10 8 6
43. If sin x  sin x  1, then the value of cos x  3 cos x  3 cos x  cos x  2 is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  1 (D) 2
1
44.  3 cos 23  sin 23 is equal to
4 
(A) cos 43 (B) cos7 (C) cos 53 (D) none of these
45. tan 20  tan 40  3 tan 20 tan 40 is equal to
1 1
(A) (B) 3 (C)  (D)  3
3 3
cot  5
46. Let f     and     , then the value f    f   is
1  cot  4
1 1
(A) (B)  (C) 2 (D) None of these
2 2
47. In a triangle ABC, tan A  tan B  tan C  6 and tan A tan B  2, , then the values of
tan A, tan B, tan C are
(A) 1,2,3 (B) 3,2/3,7/3 (C) 4,1/2,3/2 (D) none of these
1  sin 2 1    3   
48. The expression  sin 2  cot  cot     when simplified reduces to :

cos 2  2  . tan   3
4  4  2  2 2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) sin2 (/2) (D) sin2 
49. The value of x satisfying the equation, x = 2  2  2  x is

(A) 2 cos 10° (B) 2 cos 20° (C) 2 cos 40° (D) 2 cos 80°
1 1 1 1
50. The sum    ......  is equal to
sin 45 sin 46 sin 47 sin 48 sin 49 sin 50 sin133 sin134
(A) sec (1)° (B) cosec (1)° (C) cot (1)° (D) none
51. If 3 sin x + 12sin y + 4cos x + 5cos y = 18, the value of tan (x + y)=
 63 63  33 33
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 16 56 56
52. ABC is a triangle such that sin A = p and  cos A = q  0. The value of  tan B tan C =
p1 q 1 p1 q1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
q q q q
53. In an equilateral triangle, 3 coins of radii 1 unit each are kept so that they touch each other and also the sides
of the triangle. Area of the triangle is
(A) 4 + 2 3 (B) 6 + 4 3
7 3 7 3
(C) 12 + (D) 3 +
4 4
6
  (m  1)   m 
54. For 0 <  < , the solution(s) of
2
 cosec   
m 1 4
 cosec   
  4 
  4 2 is (are)
e)
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 12 24
55. If A and B are acute positive angles which satisfy the equalities 3 sin2 A  2sin2 B  1 and
3 sin 2A  2 sin 2B  0, then A  2B is equal to
  
(A)  (B) (C) (D)
2 4 6
56. The numerical value of tan 20° tan 80° cot 50° is equal to
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2 3 (D)
3 3 2 3
x1  x 2
57. If x1 and x2 are two distinct roots of the equation a cos x  b sin x  c, then tan is equal to
2
(A) a/b (B) b/a (C) c/a (D) a/c
7   x
58. If sin x  cos x  where x  0,  , then tan is equal to
2  4  2
3 7 7 2 4 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
3 3 4
3
59. If cos x  cos y  cos  x  y   , then
2
(A) x  y  0 (B) x  2y (C) x  y (D) 2x  y
60. If tan x  n tan y, n  R  , then maximum value of sec 2  x  y  is equal to
(n  1)2 (n  1)2 (n  1)2 (n  1)2

(A) (B) (C) (D)
2n n 2 4n
EXERCISE 2 [A]
One or more than one options may be correct
 2   4   2   4 
1. Let a = cos x + cos  x   + cos  x   and b = sin x + sin  x   + sin  x   then which
 3   3   3   3 
one of the following holds good?
(A) a = 2b (B) b = 2a (C) a + b = 0 (D) a + b = 1
2. In the inequality below the value of the angle is expressed in radian measure. Which one of the inequalities
below is true?
(A) sin 1 < sin 2 < sin 3 (B) cos 3 < cos 2 < cos 1
(C) cos 2 < cos 1 < cos 3 (D) sin 3 < sin 1 < sin 2
3. If x = r sin A cos B, y = r sin A sin B , z = r cos A, then the value of x 2+ y 2+ z 2 is independent of

(A) A (B) B (C) A , B, r (D) r
4. ABCD is a plane, convex quadrilateral. The bisectors of the angles form a quadrilateral PQRS. Then :
(A) cos P + cos Q = cos R + cos S (B) tan P + tan Q + tan R + tan S = 0
(C) cos P + cos Q + cos R + cos S = 0 (D) tan P tan Q = tan R tan S
x
5. If tan is rational , which of the following quantities are necessarily rational ?
2
x
(A) sin x (B) cos x (C) sec (D) tan x
2
A
6. Expression 2 sin can be equal to
2
(A) 1  sin A  1  sin A (B)  1  sin A  1  sin A
(C) 1  sin A  1  sin A (D)  1  sin A  1  sin A
7. The expression (4 cos29º – 3) (4 cos227º – 3) is equal to

(A) tan9º (B) cot9º (C) tan81º (D) cot81º

8. If cos  is geometric mean between sin  and cos  , where 0 <  ,  < , then cos 2  =
2
       
(A) – 2sin2    (B) – 2 cos2     (C) 2 sin2    (D) –2cos2    
4  4  4  4 
1  cos   1 – cos 
9. ,     2 is simplified to
1  cos  – 1 – cos 
         
(A) tan    (B) cot    (C) tan  –  (D) cot  – 
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
10. If cosec   cot   q, then the value of cos ec is
1 1 1  1 
(A) q + 1/q (B) q - 1/q (C) q   (D)   q 
2 q 2  q 
3
11. If cos  A  B   and tan A tan B  2 then
5
1 2 1 2
(A) cos A cos B  (B) sin A sin B   (C) cos A cos B   (D) sin A sin B 
5 5 5 5
12. Which of the following expression are negative?

(A) sin 1. sin 2. sin 3. sin 4. sin 5 (B) cos 1. cos 2. cos 3. cos 4. cos 5
(C) tan 1. tan 2. tan 3. tan 4. tan 5 (D) sin 1. cos 2. tan 3. sin 4. cos 5
sin 22 cos 8  cos158 cos 98

13. The expression when simplified reduces to :
sin 23 cos 7  cos157 cos 97
 3   7   5 
(A) sec(–100  ) (B) cosec    (C) sin   (D) cot  
 2   2   4 
1  sin A sin A 1
14. If   , for all permissible values of A, then A belongs to
1  sin A cos A cos A
(A) First Quadrant (B) Second Quadrant

(C) Third Quadrant (D) Fourth Quadrant
17 5
15. If secA = and cosecB = then sec(A + B) can have the value equal to
8 4
85 85 85 85
(A) (B) – (C)  (D)
36 36 84 84
16. Which of the following, when simplified, reduces to unity?
1  2 sin2  sin    
(A) (B) + cos     
    
2 cot   cos2    sin   cos  tan
4  4  2
1 (1  tan2 )2 1  sin 2

(C)  (D)
2 2
4 sin  cos  4 tan2  (sin   cos )2
cos A cos B cos C

17. In a triangle ABC, the value of + +
sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B
(A) is prime (B) is composite
(C) is rational which is not an integer (D) an integer
2
3 sin(  )  cos(  )
4 cos   6 
18. It is known that sin  = and 0 <  <  , then the value of is
5 sin 
5
(A) independent of  for all  in (0,  /2) (B) for tan  > 0
3
3 (7  24 cot )
(C) for tan  < 0 (D) none
15
19. The value of cos 20° + cos 40° + cos 60º + .......... + cos 140° is equal to
cos 10 o  3 sin10 o
(A) cos 20° (B)
2
3 cos 10 o  sin10 o
(C) (D) sin 70°
2
 
20. Let x cos A + y sin A = k = x cos B + y sin B, where A, B   0,  . Then
 2
k 2 – y2 k2 – x2
(A) cos A cos B = 2 (B) sin A sin B = 2
x  y2 x  y2
2kx kx
(C) cos A + cos B = (D) sin A + sin B =
x  y2
2
x  y2
2
21. Arithemetic mean of 2 sin2º, 4 sin4º, 6sin6º,............upto 90 terms

cot 44º – 1 cos 2 20º  sin 2 19º 1 – cos 2º
(A) cot 1º (B) cot 44º  1 (C) (D)
sin 2 26º  sin 2 25º 1  cos 2º
1 
22. If sin  + cos  =  , then a value of tan satisfies which of the following equations ?
5 2
(A) 2x2 – x – 1 = 0 (B) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
(C) 2x – 5x – 3 = 0
2
(D) 2x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 3 = 0
3 2
23. If cos(A – B) = and cos(A + B) = then,
5 5
1 1 1 1
(A) cosA cosB = (B) sinA sinB = (C) cosA cosB =  (D) sinA sinB =
2 10 2 10
1 3
24. Let a, b be real numbers such that sin a + sin b = , cos a + cos b = . Which of following must be
2 2
true?
3 a – b a b 1
(A) sin (a + b) = (B) cos (a – b) = 0 (C) cot2  = 1 (D) tan  =
2  2   2  3
sin A cos A
25. If = p, = q, then
sin B cos B
(q 2 – 1) p 2 (p 2 – 1)q 2
(A) tan2A = (B) tan2A =
(1 – p2 )q 2 (1 – q 2 ) p 2
q2 – 1
(C) tan B =
2
(D) p2tan2A = q2 tan2B
1 – p2
2 2
26. If 0     and 81sin 
 81cos 
 30 then  is
(A) 30° (B) 60° (C) 120° (D) 150°
27. Suppose ABCD (in order) is a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. Which of the following is/are always true?
(A) sec B  sec D (B) cot A  cot C  0 (C) cosec A=cosec C (D) tan B  tan D  0
28. Which of the following quantities are rational?
 11   5    9   4 
(A) sin   sin   (B) cosec   sec  
 12   12   10   5 
4  4   2   4   8 
(C) sin    cos   (D)  1  cos   1  cos   1  cos 
8 8  9  9  9 

29. For   Which of the following hold (s) good?
7
(A) tan  tan 2 tan 3  tan 3  tan 2  tan 
(B) cos ec  cos ec2  cos ec4
1
(C) cos   cos 2  cos 3 
2
(D) 8 cos  cos 2 cos 4   1
30. Which of the following identities wherever defined hold(s) good?

(A) cot   tan   2cot 2 (B) tan  45     tan  45     2cosec 2
(C) tan  45     tan  45     2sec 2 (D) tan   cot   2 tan 2
EXERCISE - 2 [B]
Comprehension Type
Passage # 1
Measurement of an angle by three ways. First is degree and others are grade and radian. The relation
D G 2C
between them 90 = 100 = 
1. 45º is equal to -
(A) 50g (B) 45g (C) 40g (D) 39g
23 c
2. is equal to -
4
(A) 675º (B) 1080º (C) 745º (D) 1035º
3. 200g is equal to -
3 c
(A) 180º and (B) 180º and c (C) 200º and c (D) None
2
4. The sum of the interior angles of a convex hexagon is not equal to

(A) 7200 (B) 720g (C) 800g (D) 4c
Passage # 2
1 1
If sin   sin   and cos   cos  
3 4
5. The value of sin      is
24 13 12
25 25 13
6. The value of cos      is
24 7 12
(A) (B)  (C) (D) None of these
25 25 13
7. The value of tan      is

25 25 25 24
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
7 12 13 7
Passage # 3
n n
If Pn  sin   cos  , where n  W (whole number) and  R (real number).
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
8. If Pn  Pn  2  kPn  4 , then k is equal to

(A) 1 (B)  sin 2  cos 2  (C) sin 2  (D) cos 2 
9. If P1 = m, then the value of 4(1 – P6) is

(A) 3(m – 1)2 (B) 3(m2 – 1)2 (C) 3(m + 1)2 (D) 3(m2 + 1)2
10. If Pn  2  Pn  sin 2  cos 2  P , then the value of  is

(A) (n – 1) (B) (n – 2) (C) (n – 3) (D) (n – 4)
11. The value of 2P6 – 3P4 + 10 is

(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 15
Passage # 4
Let n  N and ,   R , it is true that
sin   sin       sin    2   ...  sin    n  1  
 n 
sin  
  2  sin       n  1  
 
  2 
sin  
2
 
and cos   cos       cos    2   ...  cos    n  1  
 n 
sin  
  2  cos       n  1  
 
  2 
sin  
2
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions
 2 3
12. The value of sin  sin  sin is
7 7 7
 1   1 
(A) cot (B) cot (C) tan (D) tan
14 2 14 14 2 14
 3 5
13. sin  sin  sin  .... upto n terms is equal to
n n n
n
2
 3 5 7 9
14. The value of cos  cos  cos  cos  cos is
11 11 11 11 11
1
2
n
2 r
15.  sin
r0 n
is equal to
n 1 n 1 n
2 2 2
Reasoning Type
Each question has four choices a,b,c and d, out of which only one is correct. Each question
consists of STATEMENT 1 and STATEMENT 2.
(A) Both the statements are TRUE and STATEMENT 2 is the correct explanation of STATEMENT 1
(B) Both the statement are TRUE but STATEMENT 2 is NOT the correct explanation of STATEMENT 1
(C) STATEMENT 1 is TRUE and STATEMENT 2 is FALSE
(D) STATEMENT 1 Is FALSE and STATEMENT 2 Is TRUE
16. Statement 1 : cos1  cos 7

Statement 2 : 1  7
1
17. Statement 1 : The minimum value of 27cos 2x 81sin 2x is
243
Statement 2 : The minimum value of a cos   b sin  is  a2  b2

18. Statement 1 : sin 3 < sin 1 < sin 2.
Statement 2 : sin x is positive in first and second quadrants.
19. Statement 1 : If in a triangle ABC, sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C  2 then one of the angles
must be 90°.
Statement 2 : In any triangle ABC, sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C  2  2cos A cos B cos C
20. Statement 1 : If xy  yz  zx  1 where x, y, z  R 
x y z 2
then 2
 2
 
1 x 1 y 1  z2 1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
Statement 2 : In a triangle ABC, sin 2A + sin 2 B+ sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C.
Matrix – Match Type
21. For all real values of 

Column - I Column - II
(A) A  sin2   cos 4  (P) A   1,1
3 
(B) A  3 cos 2   sin4  (Q) A   ,1
4 
(C) A  sin2   cos4  (R) A   2 2, 

 
(D) A  tan 2   2cot 2  (S) A 1,3
1 1
22. If cos   cos   and sin   sin  
2 3
 13
(A) cos (P) 
2 12
 2
(B) cos (Q)
2 3
  3
(C) tan   (R) 
 2  13
  131
(D) tan   (S) 
 2  13
23. Column - I Column - II

(A) cos 200  cos 800  3 cos 500 (P) 1
 2 3 4 5 6
(B) cos 0  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos (Q)  3/4
7 7 7 7 7 7
(C) cos 20  cos 40  cos 60  4 cos10 cos 20 cos 30 (R) 1
(D) cos 20 cos100  cos100 cos140  cos140 cos 200 (S) 0
24. Column - I Column - II
(A) tan   cot  cos   sin   (P) cot 

tan  cos ec 2
(B) (Q) tan 
1  tan 2 
cos ec 2   1
(C) (R) sec 
cos ec  cos 2 
cot  sec2 
(D) (S) cosec 
1  cot 2 
cosec 
(T)
cot 
25. Match the following columns and select the correct option from the codes given below.
(A) The maximum and minimum value of (P)   2

3sin 2  4cos 2  3 for all real values of 
are  and  respectively, then
(B) If maximum and minimum values of (Q)   6
 
5cos   3cos      3 for all real values of 
 3
are  and  respectively, then
(C) If maximum and minimum values of (R)   6
   
1  sin      2 cos     for all real values
 4   4 
of  are  and  respectively, then
(S)     10
(T)     14
1
26. If cos A  , where A lies between 13500 and 14400 , then match the following:
3
1
(A) sin A (P)
2
A 2
(B) sin (Q)
2 3
A 2 2
(C) cos (R) 
2 3
A 1
(D) tan (S) 
2 3
27. Match the trigonometric expressions in Column – I with their range in Column – II.
(A) 3 sin x  cos x (P) [2, 11]
1 
(B) 4 cos 2 x  4 cos x  3 (Q)  2 ,1
2 tan x
(C) (R) [–2, 2]
1  tan 2 x
(D) sin 4 x  cos 4 x (S) [–1, 1]
28. In a triangle ABC, Match the expression to its corresponding equivalent expression
(A) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C (P) 2+2cosA.cosB.cosC
(B) sin2A+sin2B+sin2C (Q) 4sinA.sinB.sinC
(C) cos2A+cos2B+cos2C (R) -1-4cosA.cosB.cosC
2 2 2
(D) cos A+cos B+cos C (S) 1-2cosA.cosB.cosC
29. Match the following: If Sin 2  K ( K  1, K  0)

(A) cos ec2  cot 2 cos 2 (P) 1  K  / 1  K 
2
 1  tan  
(B)   (Q) K 2  K 1
 1  tan  
1
(C) sin   1  cos 4  (R) 3K  4 K 3
2
(D) sin 6 (S) 2  K  / K
2
(T) 2K + 1
30. If in a ABC , A, B, C, are the angles, a, b, c are the lengths of sides opposite to angles A, B, C respectively
a b c A
then   . This rule is called as sine Rule. Using this information, if in a triangle tan    1 and
sin A sin B sin C 2
4
sin B  then
5
(A) a/b (P) 7 / 5
(B) b/c (Q) 3 / 5
cb
(C) (R) 5/4
a
a2  c2  b2
(D) (S) 4/3
2 ac
(T) 4/5
EXERCISE - 2 [C]
Integer type questions.
sin2  sin3  sin4

1. If
cos2  cos3  cos4 = tan k is an identity then the value k is equal to :
2. The value of tan27° + tan18° + tan27° tan18°, is
cos 96  sin 96

3. Find the smallest natural number 'n' such that tan(107n)° = .
cos 96  sin 96
4. ABC is a triangle in which tanA + tanB + tan C = 6 and tan A tan B=2. The value of tan C is
5. If a sin + b cos = a cosec+ b sec, then the expression

a 2 cos 6+ b2 sin6 + 2 ab cos3 sin3  equals
2
c c
6. a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC which is right angled at C, then the minimum value of    is
a b
3 2 1
7. If <<, then   cot  equals
4 tan  sin2 
1
8. The maximum value of the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation x2 + (cos  – 1) x + cos2  = 0
2
is.
9. The greatest value of sin 4   cos4  is
10. If sin 1  sin 2  sin 3  3, , then cos 1  cos  2  cos 3 is equal to

11. If   then the value of tan  tan 2...tan  2n  2  tan  2n  1  is
4n
2
12. If sin x  sin x  1, then the value of cos12 x  3 cos10 x  3cos 8 x  cos 6 x  cos 4 x  cos 2 x  3 is
13. tan100  tan125  tan100 tan125 is equal to
A 2 B
 cot . cot 2
14. In  ABC, the minimum value of 2 2 is
2 A
 cot 2
x y z
15. If   , x  y  z is equal to
cos   2   2  then,
cos     cos    
 3   3 
16. The value of tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78° is
17. The minute hand of a clock is 10cm long. If the tip of the hand moves in 20 minutes by ‘d’ distance (cm),
3d
then the value of is
10
18. For each natural number k , let Ck denote the circle with radius k units and centre at the origin. On the
circle Ck , a particle moves k units in the counter-clockwise direction. After completing its motion on Ck ,
the particle moves to Ck 1 , in the radial direction. The motion of the particle continues in this manner. The
particle starts at (1,0). If the particle crosses the positive direction of the x-axis for the first time on the circle
Cn , then value of n is
19. 
The value of expression sec 4 A 1  sin 4 A  2 tan 2 A 
20. Let A  sin8   cos14  then for all real  if A  (a, b] , where a & b are integers, then the value of a  b is
1
21. If for real values of x, the equation x   2cos  holds true, then the number of possible values of   0,2
x
is
a b
22. If the value of expression sin 2 24  sin 2 6 when simplified, can be represented in the form
c
c
( a & c are coprime), then the value of is
ab
1  cot A 1  cot B 
23. If A  B  225, , then the value of expression is
cot A cot B
a
24. If cos 3   cos 3 (120  )  cos3 (240  )  cos 3 , where ‘a’ & ‘b’ are relative prime, then the value of
b
a  b is
sin(2A  B)
25. If tan(A  B)  3 tan A , then the value of is
sin B
cos A cos B cos C
26. If A  B  C   , then the value of expression   is
sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B
2 4 8 14  1
27. If the value of the expression cos cos cos cos is ‘x’, then the value of is
15 15 15 15 x
1
28. In a triangle ABC, if sin A cos B  and 3 tan A  tan B , then value of cot 2 A is
4
2 2
29. If sin A  sin B  a & cos A  cos B  b , then the maximum value of a  b is
 2 4 8
30. If the numerical value of tan  2 tan  4 tan  8 tan is in the form a b
3 3 3 3
(where ‘a’ & ‘b’ are co-prime), then the value of a  b is
31. In an acute angled triangle ABC , then the minimum value of sec A sec BsecC is
   
32. The value of cot 6 cot 42 cot 66 cot78 is
33. Let A 0 A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of unit radius. Then the product of the lengths
of the line segments A 0 A1 , A 0 A 2 and A 0 A 4 is
2 2
34. The sum of the maximum & minimum values of cos   6 sin  cos   3 sin   2 is
35. The minimum value of |9 tan 2 A  4 cot 2 B| is
36. The minimum value of | tan A  cot A | is
 A  B
37. If A and B are complimentary angles, then the value of 1  tan  1  tan 
 2  2
38. Exact value of cos 20º + 2 sin2 55º - 2 sin 65º is :
  
39. tan6  33 tan4  27 tan2 is equal to :
9 9 9
cos 3A  cos3B  cos 3C
40. If cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 and sin A + sin B + sin C = 0 the value of
cos  A  B  C 
EXERCISE - 3
Subjective type questions
1. If secA – tanA = p, p 0, find the value of sinA.
2. Simplify whenever defined
sin  2700    cos 3  7200     sin  2700    sin 3  5400    cot  2700   

sin  900    sin     cos 2 1800    cos ec2  4500   
where  is taken such that the denominator appearing in any fraction in the expression does not vanish.
sin   cos   tan  4

3. Find the possible value(s) of if tan = – .
sec   cosec   cot  3
4. Let D be any point on the base of an isosceles triangle ABC.

AC is extended to E so that CE = CD. ED is extended to
meet AB at F. If angle CED = 10°, find the cosine of the
angle AFD.
5. In the figure, 'O' is the centre of the circle and A, B and C are
three points on the circle. Suppose that OA = AB = 2 units
and angle OAC = 10°. Find the length of the arc BC.
6. If the expression
 3   3 
cos  x   + sin  2  x  + sin (32  + x) – 18 cos(19  – x) + cos(56  + x) – 9 sin(x + 17  )
 2   
is expressed in the form of a sin x + b cos x find the value of a + b.
 3 
7. Prove the identity, cos   4   + sin (3   8  )  sin(4   12  ) = 4 cos 2  cos 4  sin 6  .
 2 
cos 5x  cos 4x
8. Prove that = cos x + cos 2x.
2 cos 3x  1
1  sin   
9. Prove the identity, sin 2  (1 + tan 2  .tan  ) + = tan2  + tan2    .
1  sin  4 2
10. If sin2  = 4 sin2  , show that 5 tan(  –  ) = 3 tan(  +  ).
 5
11. If 0 < x < and cos x + sin x = , find the numerical values of cos x – sin x.
4 4
sin a  sin b  sin c
12. Three real numbers a, b, c satisfy 2b = a + c, show that = tan b.
cos a  cos b  cos c
2 2
 sin 3   cos 3 
13. Prove the identity     = 8 cos2  , wherever it is defined.
 sin    cos  
14. Find the exact value of cos236° + sin218°.
15. If tan A & tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation, a x2 + b x + c = 0 then evaluate
a sin2 (A + B) + b sin (A + B). cos (A + B) + c cos2 (A + B).
  323  3 
16. Find the value of sin and cos . If sin  = – and    , 
2 2 325  2 
    2cos   1
17. Show that, tan    tan    =
6 2 6 2 2cos   1
sin x  sin 2x  sin 4x  sin 5x 

18. Let y = . Find the value of y where x = .
cos x  cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 5x 36
1
19. If cos      + sin      = 0 and tan  = . Find tan  .
2006
2 6
20. Let a and b are two real numbers such that, sin a + sin b = and cos a + cos b = . Find the value of
2 2
(i) cos(a – b) and (ii) sin(a + b).

21. If  = n , prove that 2n cos  cos2  cos22  ........ cos2n–1  = 1. What whould the value of the
2 1

product be if  = n .
2 1
2 4 6  3 5
22. Prove that : sin + sin – sin = 4 sin sin sin .
7 7 7 7 7 7
 sin7x  sin5x  sin9x  sin 3x

23. If x = , find the value of .
48 cos7x  cos 5x  cos 9x  cos 3x
 7     3 
24. If X = sin     + sin     + sin    ,
 12   12   12 
 7     3  X Y
Y = cos     + cos     + cos     then prove that  = 2 tan2  .
 12   12   12  Y X
25. Find the expression cot 90 + cot 270 + cot 630 + cot 810.
p q
26. In a triangle ABC, angle A = 36º, AB = AC = 1 & BC = x . If x = then find the ordered pair (p, q).
2
3 1 1
27. Prove the identity cos4t = + cos 2t + cos 4t.
8 2 8
cos x  cos 3x
28. If x = 7.5° then find the value of .
sin 3x  sin x
sin x  cos x  1 1  sin x  x
29. Prove the identity, = = tan    , wherever it is defined. Start with LHS.
sin x  cos x  1 cos x  4 2
30. Find the exact value of cos 24° – cos 12° + cos 48° – cos 84°.
31. Exact value of tan 200º (cot 10º - tan 10º) is .
 15    17   
32. The greatest value of the expression sin2   4x   sin2   4x  for 0  x  is
 8   8  8
33. A , B , C , D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral .

Prove that cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 Is sin A + sin B + sin C + sin D equal to 0 ?
  x
34. If 0 < x < , show that tan x  sin x  tan x  sin x  2 tan x cos    .
2 4 2
2 4 6
35. Find the value of cos  cos  cos 
7 7 7
36. Evaluate cos200 cos400 cos600 cos800.
37. Prove that 3 cosec 200 – sec200 = 4.
38. If A + B + C =  and cos A = cos B cos C , evaluate cot B cot C.
39. Given that cos (A+ B ) sin (C + D) = cos (A – B) sin (C – D), prove that cot A cot B cot C = cot D.
40 In  ABC , B = C = 750. The semi-circle on BC as a diameter , on the same side of BC as A , intersects AB

at P and AC at Q. If BC = 2units, find the length of arc PQ.
41. ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 2 3 units and AD=1unit. A circle passes through A and B , and
touches CD at its mid-point. Find the area of the shaded region.
42. Two circles of radii 2cm have their centers 2 2 cm apart. Find the perimeter , and area of the shaded
region.
C1 C2

43. ABCD is a square. P is a point inside the square such that PAB = PBA = .
12
Prove that the PCD is equilateral.

44. If 0      , simplify ( 1  cos  cos  )2  sin 2  sin 2
2
45. If P  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos    1  cos  1  cos  1  cos   , then show that
P   sin  sin  sin .
tan 8
46. Prove that = (1 + sec2  ) (1 + sec4  ) (1 + sec8  )
tan 
47. Find the value of 4 sin 500  3 tan 50 0
 3 5 7
48. Find the exact value of tan2 + tan2 + tan2 + tan2
16 16 16 16
49. In any triangle, if (sin A + sin B + sin C) (sin A + sin B - sin C) = 3 sin A sin B, find the angle C.
50. ABC is a right angled triangle. Show that : sinA  sinB  sin(A – B) + sinB  sinC  sin(B – C) + sinC  sinA 
sin(C – A) + sin(A – B)  sin(B – C)  sin(C –A) = 0.
51. For any 3 angle ,  &  prove that
    

sin   sin   sin  = sin        + 4 sin    sin    sin  .
 2   2   2 
52. Find the exact value of cosec10° + cosec50° – cosec70°
53. If sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x = 7 then sin 2x = a b where a, b N. Find the ordered
pair (a, b).
3
54. If cos (y – z) + cos (z – x) + cos (x – y) = – , prove that cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z
2
 2
55. If A + B + C = then prove that  sin A + 2  sin A = 1.
2
 
56. From the relation, 3 (cos 2  – cos 2  ) = 1 – cos 2  cos 2  ,we get tan  = k tan  , wheree  ,    0,  .
 2
Find the value of k.
57. Given that 2 tan 2  tan 2  tan 2   tan 2  tan 2   tan 2  tan 2   tan 2  tan 2   1 . Then the value of
2
 sin  is
17
k
58. Find the value of the continued product sin 18
k 1 A B L
59. ABCD is a square. L is any line in its plane. Show that the sum of the
squared projections of the sides of the square on L is independent of L. D
C
 1  sin  1  sin 
60. If     , simplify 
2 1  sin  1  sin 

61. A , B , C are positive and A + B + C = . Prove that sec A sec B sec C+ 2 tan B tan C = 2
3
tan   tan  sin 2  sin 2

62. If tan   , prove that sin 2 
1  tan  tan  1  sin 2 sin 2
tan (      ) tan 
63. If  , prove that sin 2+ sin 2+ sin 2 = 0
tan (      ) tan 
64. The adjoining figure shows two concentric squares of side

length 3 and 4. The inner square is rotated about the centre

by an angle , 0 <  < , anti-clockwise so that its vertices
4
now lie on the sides of the outer. Find tan.
7

65. If = , evaluate  cos k .
15 k 1
5
66. Prove that sin 360. sin 720. sin1080. sin1440 = .
16
3
67. Given  cos ( B – C ) = – ; show that  cos A   sin A  0
cyclic 2 cyclic cyclic
68. For all x , y , z prove that  sin x sin y sin ( x – y ) +  sin ( x – y )=0
cyclic cyclic
1 1 2
69. If m sin (  +  ) = cos (  –  ), show that  
1  m sin 2  1  m sin 2  1  m 2
p 1
70. Given tan 6= , find, in terms of p and q, the value of ( p cosec 2 – q sec2).
q 2
cos  sin  cos  sin
71.  ,  do not differ by an even multiple of  . If     1,
cos  sin  cos  sin 
cos cos  sin sin
show that 2
 1 0
cos  sin 2 
72. Eliminate x , y from sin x + sin y = a , cos x + cos y = b , tan x + tan y = c.
xy
73. If tan  tan  = , prove that ( x – y cos 2 ) ( x – y cos 2) = x2– y2
xy
74. Given a2+ b2+ 2ab cos  = 1,c2 + d 2+ 2cd cos  = 1 , and ( ac + bd ) + ( ad + bc ) cos  = 0.
Show that a 2 + c2= cosec2
sin4  cos4  1 sin8  cos8  1

75. If   , then show that 3
 3 
a b ab a b ( a  b )3
76. A, B, C and D are real and such that A + B + C + D = an odd multiple of.
Prove that cos A cos B =sin A sin B
3
77. 0  A < B < C < 2  are such that cosA =sinA = 0. Prove that cos2A = .
2
2 4 8 1
78. Prove that (a) cos cos cos =+
7 7 7 8
2 4 4 8 8 2
(b) tan tan +tan tan +tan tan = –7
7 7 7 7 7 7
79. The lower end, A, of a ladder AB rests on a horizontal floor ; B presses on a vertical wall. In this position the
ladder is inclined at an angle  with the floor. The end A now slips a distance a while the end B comes down
by a distance b. The inclination of the ladder is now .
   a
Show that tan   
 2  b
1
80. (a) The maximum value of the expression is
sin   3sin  cos   5cos 2 
2
B
(b) Two parallel chords of a circle of radius 2 are at a distance 3  1 apart.
 2
If the chords subtend at the center, angles of and where k > 0, then the
k k
value of [k] is
A
[Note : [k] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k]

tan  
 2 
(c) If 3sin   5 sin   0, then the value of is :

tan  
 2 
WINDOW TO I.I.T. - JEE

FILL IN THE BLANKS
 3 5 7 9 11 13
1. The value of sin sin sin sin sin sin sin is equal to _________
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
. (IIT-JEE, 1991)
2. If K  sin ( /18) sin (5 /18) sin (7 /18), then the numerical value of K is __________.
(IIT-JEE, 1993)
3. If A  0, B  0 and A  B   / 3, then the maximum value of tan A tan B is ____________.
(IIT-JEE, 1993)
ONLY ONE OPTION(S) IS CORRECT :
1. If tan   sin   m and tan   sin   n, then

(A) m2  n2  4mn (B) m2  n2  4mn
(C) m 2  n2  m 2  n2 (D) m 2  n2  4 mn (IIT-JEE, 1970)
4
2. If tan    , then sin  is
3
4 4 4 4 4 4
(A)  but not (B)  or (C) but not  (D) None of these
5 5 5 5 5 5
(IIT-JEE, 1979)
3. If a      2 , then
a   a  
(A) tan  tan  tan  tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
a     
(B) tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(C) tan  tan  tan  tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(D) tan  tan  tan   tan tan tan (IIT-JEE, 1979)
2 2 2 2 2 2
4. Given A  sin 2   cos 4  , then for all real  ,

(A) 1  A 2 (B) 3 / 4  A 1
(C) 13 /16  A  1 (D) 3 / 4  A 13 /16 (IIT-JEE, 1980)
   3   5  7 
5. The value of 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 8  8  8  8 
(A) 1/4 (B) 3/4 (C) 1/8 (D) 3/8
(IIT-JEE, 1984)
6. The value of the expression 3 cosec 200  sec 200 is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 2sin 200 / sin 400 (C) 4 (D) 4sin 200 / sin 400
(IIT-JEE, 1988)
7. 3(sin x  cos x) 4  6(sin x  cos x) 2  4(sin 6 x  cos6 x) is equal to
(A) 11 (B) 12
(C) 13 (D) 14 (IIT-JEE, 1995)
4 xy
8. sec 2   is true if and only if
( x  y)2
(A) x  y0 (B) x  y, x  0
(C) x y (D) x  0, y  0 (IIT-JEE, 1996)
9. Let f ( )  sin  (sin   sin 3 ) . Then f ( ) is

(A)  0 only when   0 (B).  0 for all real 
(C)  0 for all real  (D)  0 only when   0 (IIT-JEE, 2000)

10. The maximum value of (cos 1 ) (cos  2 )....(cos  n ), under the restrictions 0  1 ,  2 ,...,  n  and
2
(cot 1 ) (cot  2 )....(cot  n )  1 is
(A) 1/ 2 n / 2 (B) 1/ 2 n
(C) 1/ 2n (D) 1 (IIT-JEE, 2001)

11. If     and     a, then tan  equals
2
(A) 2 (tan   tan  ) (B). tan   tan 
(C) tan   2 tan  (D) 2 tan   tan  (IIT-JEE, 2001)
1 1
12. Given both  and  are acute angle and sin   & cos   , then    belongs to
2 3
     2 
(A)  ,  (B)  , 
 3 2 2 3 
 2 5   5 
(C)  , (D)  ,  (IIT-JEE,2004)
 3 6   6 

13. Let 0  x  then (sec 2 x  tan 2 x ) equals
4
   
(A) tan  x   (B) tan   x 
 4 4 
   
(C). tan  x   (D) tan 2  x   (IIT-JEE, 1994)
 4  4
 
14. Let    0,  and t1  (tan  ) tan  , t 2  (tan  )cot  , t3  (cot  ) tan  and t4  (cot  )cot  , then
 4
(A) t1  t2  t3  t4 (B) t4  t3  t1  t2
(C) t3  t1  t2  t4 (D) t2  t3  t1  t2 (IIT-JEE, 2006)
   3  5  7 
15. 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 1  cos  is equal to
 8  8  8  8 
1 
(A) (B) cos
2 8
1 1 2
(C) (D) (IIT-JEE, 1984)
8 2 2
   
The expression 3 sin 4  3      sin 4 (3   )   2 sin 6  1      sin 6 (5   )  is equal to
   
16.
 2    2  
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 3 (D) None of these (IIT-JEE, 1984)
17. The minimum value of the expression sin   sin   sin  , where  ,  ,  are real numbers satisfying
       is
(A) Positive (B) zero
(C) negative (D) -3 (IIT-JEE, 1995)
18. For x   0,   the equation sin x + 2sin 2x – sin3x = 3 has (IIT JEE 2014)
(A) infinite solution (B) one solution (C) three solution (D) No solution
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Which of the following number(s) is/are rational?

(A) sin150 (B) cos150
(C). sin150 cos150 (D) sin150 cos 750 (IIT-JEE, 1998)
 
2. For a positive integer n, let f n ( )   tan  (1  sec  ) (1  sec 2  ) (1  sec 4 )...(1  sec 2n  ). Then
 2
   
(A) f 2   1 (B) f3   1
 16   32 
    
(C) f 4   1 (D) f5   1 (IIT-JEE, 1999)
 64   128 
SUBJECTIVE
m 1
1. If tan a  and tan  = , find the possible values of ( a   ) . (IIT-JEE, 1978)
m 1 2m  1
1  
2. a. Draw the graph of y  (sin x  cos x) from x   to x  . (IIT-JEE, 1979)
2 2 2
5
b. If cos (a   ) = 4/5, sin (a   )  , and a ,  lie between 0 and  / 4 , find tan 2a .
13
 
3. Prove that 5cos   3cos      3 lies between -4 and 10. (IIT-JEE, 1979)
 3
4. Given a       , prove that sin 2 a  sin 2   sin 2   2 sin a sin  cos  (IIT-JEE, 1980)
5. For all  in  0,  / 2 show that cos (sin  )  sin (cos  ). (IIT-JEE, 1981)
6. Without using tables, prove that (sin120 ) (sin 480 ) (sin 540 ) 1/ 8.
 2   4   8   16 
7. Show that 16 cos   cos   cos   cos    1. (IIT-JEE, 1983)
 15   15   15   15 
8. Prove that tan a  2 tan 2 a  4 tan 4a  8 cot 8a  cot a. (IIT-JEE, 1978)
tan x 1
9. Show that the value of tan 3x , wherever defined, never lies between and 3. (IIT-JEE, 1992)
3
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 [A]
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C
7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. A
13. C 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. A
19. B 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A
25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. C
31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. C
37. B 38. C 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A
43. C 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. A
49. D 50. B
EXERCISE - 1 [B]
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A
7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. B
13. C 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. D
19. B 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B
25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D
31. B 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. B
37. C 38. A 39. C 40. A 41. C 42. C
43. C 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. A
49. A 50. D
EXERCISE 1 [C]
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B
7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. C
13. D 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. C
19. C 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A
25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B
31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C
37. A 38. C 39. C 40. A 41. B 42. D
43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. D
49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C
55. B 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. C 60. D
EXERCISE 2 [A]
1 ABC 2 BD 3 AB 4 BCD 5 ABD

6 ABCD 7 AD 8 AD 9 BC 10 CD
11 AD 12 BCD 13 ABD 14 AD 15 ABCD
16 ABD 17 AD 18 ABC 19 ACD 20 ABC
21 AC 22 ABCD 23 AD 24 ABCD 25 AC
26 ABCD 27 BCD 28 ABCD 29 ABC 30 AC
EXERCISE - 2 [B]
1 A 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 D
8 B 9 B 10 D 11 C 12 B 13 B 14 C
15 C 16 B 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 B
21 A - Q , B - S, C - P , D - R 22 A - R,B-P,C-Q,D- S
23. A - S;B-R,C-P,D-Q 24 A - R; B - P; C - S; D - Q
25 A - RS; B - RT; C - PQ 26. A - R; B - S; C - Q; D - P
27. A - R, B - P; C - S; D - Q 28. A - Q; B - P; C - R; D - S
29. A - S; B - P; C - Q; D - R 30. A - R; B - S; C - P; D - Q
EXERCISE - 2 [C]
1 3 2 1 3 3 4 3 5 0
6 8 7 1 8 3 9 1 10 0
11 1 12 5 13 1 14 1 15 0
16 1 17 2 18 7 19 1 20 1
21 3 22 2 23 2 24 7 25 2
26 2 27 4 28 3 29 4 30 8
31 8 32 1 33 3 34 8 35 0
36 2 37 2 38 1 39 3 40 3
EXERCISE - 3
1 - p2 23 34
1. 2. 1 3. in 2nd qua. , in 4th qua.
1 + p2 5 35
10π 7
4. 3 2 5. 6. 27 11. y=
9 4
3 θ 19 θ 17
14. 15. c 16. sin = ; cos = –
4 2 5 26 2 5 26
3
18. 2– 3 19. – 1 20. (i) 0, (ii) 21. –1
2
23. 2 -1 25. 80 26. (–1 , 5) 28. 2– 3
1
30. 1/2 31. 2 32. 33. NO
2
2π
35.  1/2 36. 1/16 38. 1/2 40. units
3
 π 
41.  4 - 3  units2 42. 2πcm ,  2π - 4  cm 2 44. cosα -cosβ
 3 
47. 1 48. 28 49. C = 60º 52. 6
9
53. a = 22 , b = 8 56.k = 2 57. 1 58.
216
-2 9-4 2 1
60. cos α 64. 65.
7 128
70. ± p2 + q2 72. 
8 ab = c a 2 + b 2 
2
- 4a2 
80. (a) 2; (b) k = 3; (c) 4
WINDOW TO I.I.T. - JEE
FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 1 1
1. 2. 3.
64 8 3
SINGLE CHOICE
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. B 14 B
15. C 16. B 17. C 18. D
MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER

1. C 2. A,B,C,D
SUBJECTIVE
π 56
1. a+ =nπ+ 2. (B)
4 33

Trigonometric Ratio (Maths)

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Trigonometric Ratio Rg-Maths.

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and

“There is perhaps nothing which so occupies the middleposition of mathematics

- John Von Neumann

Need we say more!!

SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

9 WINDOW TO JEE – ADVANCED 52 – 55

Trigonometric – I Tentative Lecture Flow

II RELATION BETWEEN DEGREES AND RADIANS

Above relationship gives some standard angles in radians as

III a) LENGTH OF AN ARC IF IT SUBTENDS ANGLE  (IN RADIANS) :

b) AREA OF A SECTOR WHEN ANGLE AT THE CENTRE IS  (IN RADIANS) :

Let A be the area of the sector. Then 

Soln. A, B, C, D, E, F are the centres of the circle. They lie on

1.  is measured positive in anticlockwise direction and measured negative in clockwise direction.

sin and cos are defined for all  R.

cos and sin can take positive as well as negative values.

 –1  cos   1 , for all   R

 –1  sin  1 , for all   R

(Equality occurs at position B and B respectively)

5. i)  –1  cos  1 , for all   R

1) sin 2 + cos 2  =1 , for all  R

VI GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :

ii) sin x = sin (2+x)= sin(4+x)=... for all x.

(More details of decreasing / increasing functions would be studied later in CALCULUS)

ii) cos x = cos(2+ x)= cos(4+ x) = ... for all x i.e.

-3/2 - -/ 2 x

Some more observations :

VII SOME STANDARD FORMULAE :

A) Allied angles formulae :

Check the Check the

c) i) sin (– ) = sin f) i) sin (2– ) = – sin

1  sin A cos ecA cos ecA

20. sin8 A  cos8 A   sin2 A  cos 2 A 1  2sin2 A cos2 A 

22. tan1 tan 2 tan 3.........tan 89  1

23. Show that :

(3) sin 420 cos 390  cos  300  sin  330   1

(4) tan 225 cot 405  tan765 cot 675  0

24. What values between 0 and 360 may A have when

26. Find the value :

(1) sec  270  A  sec  90  A   tan  270  A  tan  90  A 

(2) cot A  tan 180  A   tan  90  A   tan  360  A 

ANSWER KEY # IN CHAPTER - 1

25. (1) negative (2) Negative (3) positive

26. (1)  1 (2) 0 (3)  1 (4) 5/9 (5) 90m

B) a) Trigonometric ratios of the sum and difference of two angles :

2. Prove that : ( we can use these 2 results )

(2) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos 2 B  sin2 A

sin  A  B  sin  B  C  sin  C  A 

(4) cos a cos    a   sin a sin    a   cos 

ANSWER KEY # IN CHAPTER - 2

C) Factorization - Defactorization formulae :

a) i) 2sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)

iv) 2sin A sin B = cos(A – B) – cos (A+B)

10. cos  A  B   sin  A  B   2sin  45  A  cos  45  B 

sin A  sin5A  sin9A  sin13A

13. cos 3A  cos 5A  cos 7A  cos15A  4 cos 4 A cos 5A cos 6A

16.  sin 3A  sin A  sin A   cos 3A  cos A  cos A  0

17. cos  36  A  cos  36   A   cos  54   A  cos  54   A   cos 2A

18. sin     cos  a     sin    a  cos       sin  a    cos       0

i) sin2A = 2sinA cosA v) cos3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A

5. tan A – cot A = –2 cot 2A 6. cosec 2A + cot 2A = cot A

7. tan 3A tan 2A tan A  tan 3A  tan 2A  tan A