Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SID 65-1317
APOLLO
OPERATIONS
HANDBOOK
COMMAND AND
SERVICE MODULE.
SPACECRAFT 012
/-
N O R T H A M E R I C A N A V I A T I O N , INC.
SPACE and INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION
* SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS H A N D B 0 0 k
SPACECRAFT 012
C o n t r a c t NAS9- 1 5 0
E x h i b i t I; P a r a g r a p h 1 0 . 3
tifli.
- DATED I
\ THIS P U B L I C A T I O N S U P E R S E D E S SM2A-O3_SCO12
L 16 S E P T E M B E R 1966.
A C R E W A B B R E V I A T E D C H E C K L I S T , S M 2 A - 0 3 - S C 0 1 2 / CL, IS
PUBLISHED AS A S E P A R A T E DOCUMENT.
SID 65-1317
* 1
I'
12 NOVEMBER 1966
t
SM2A- 03-SCOlL
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES NOTE: The portion of the text alfrcted by the current chanRcs i s
indicated by a \enical line an the outer marlins of the page.
Page Page
CHANGE INFORMATION
T h i s handbook i s s u b j e c t t o continuous c h a n g e o r r e v i s i o n , on a p r i o r i t y
b a s i s , t o r e f l e c t c u r r e n t e n g i n e e r i n g o r m i s s i o n c h a n g e s , o r to i m p r o v e content
o r a r r a n g e m e n t . The c o n t e n t a n d the c h a n g e s a r e a c c o u n t e d f o r by t h e a b o v e
L i s t of Effective P a g e s , a n d b y the following m e a n s :
*The asterisk indicates pager changed. added. or dclctrd by the current change.
M a n u a l s will be distributed as directed by t h e NASA Apollo Program Office. All requests for
manuals should be directed to t h e NASA Apollo SpacecraH Program Office at Houston, Texas.
A
shl2A - 0 3 - sc 0 1 2
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
RECORD O F PUBLICATION
T h i s i s s u e of t h e Apollo O p e r a t i o n s Handbook,
S p a c e c r a f t 0 12, d a t e d 12 November 1966, c o n s t i t u t e s
a r e v i s i o n of t h e handbook, d a t e d 16 S e p t e m b e r 1966.
Subsequent c h a n g e s m a y be i s s u e d t o m a i n t a i n i n f o r -
m a t i o n c u r r e n t with s p a c e c r a f t c o n f i g u r a t i o n t h r o u g h
c o m p l e t i o n of t h e m i s s i o n . T h i s r e c o r d will r e f l e c t
the publication d a t e of any r e l e a s e d c h a n g e s .
FEO T h i s is a n o m e n c l a t u r e c o r r e c t i o n f o r t h e 2. 8 a n d 3
M-53025 S - B a n d s w i t c h on t h e MDC p a n e l s No. 13, 2 3
( 10 - 13 -66) a n d 26. T h i s c h a n g e is r e q u i r e d due t o w i r i n g
c h a n g e s . T h e S-Band s w i t c h w a s m a r k e d
" P T T " , "OFF" a n d "VOX". T h e s w i t c h is
now m a r k e d "OFF", "OFF" a n d " T / R " .
P A R T I. TECHNICAL CHANGES
Updated f o r w a r d h a t c h c o v e r . GEN
R e v i s e d RCSC c i r c u i t d i a g r a m to i n c l u d e e n t r y b a t t e r y SE Q
backup p o w e r to p y r o b u s .
H2 p u r g e l i n e h e a t e r E PS
C r y o g e n i c s y s t e m r e s p o n s e and o p e r a t i o n E PS
1
L R e v i s e d , u p d a t e d , and a s s e m b l e d e n d - t o - e n d c i r c u i t PROP
and s y s t e m d i a g r a m s . Added e l e c t r i c a l power d i s t r i b -
ution d i a g r a m s and p o w e r r e q u i r e m e n t s . Added
o p e r a t i n g r a n g e s and p a n e l r e f e r e n c e s to m e a s u r e m e n t
lists.
Added d a t a on S / C a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s , RCS
*-
FOREWORD
NASA c o m m e n t s o r s u g g e s t e d c h a n g e s to t h i s handbook s h o u l d
be a d d r e s s e d to the F l i g h t Planning Section, FCSD, MSC, Office
Code C F 32, Telephone HU3-4271.
SM2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
TABLEOFCONTENTS
2 SYSTEMSDATA . 2- 1
...
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e D a t e Page 111
SMZA-03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
4 PERFORMANCE 4- 1
Introduction . 4- 1
4.1 C r e w D i s p l a y I n s t r u m e n t M a r k i n g s and A c c u r a c y
Data 4- 1
4.1.1 Service Propulsion System Indicators . 4- 3
4.1.2 Reaction Control System Indicators 4-4
4.1.3 Electrical Power System Indicators . 4- 5
4. 1.4 Environmental Control System Indicators . 4-11
4.1.5 Telecommunication System M e t e r s . 4 - 13
4. 1 . 6 Sequential S y s t e m s Indicators 4-15
4.1.7 Miscellaneous Indicators . 4-16
4.2 Consumable Requirements 4-18
4.2.1 S / M RCS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a 4-18
4.2.2 C / M RCS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a 4-25
4. 2 . 3 SPS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a . 4-27
4.2.4 EPS and ECS C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a . 4-30
4.3 RCS and SPS T h r u s t i n g D a t a . 4-34
4.3.1 RCS T r a n s l a t i o n C o n t r o l .. 4-34
4.3.2 RCS Rotation C o n t r o l 4-34
4.3.3 SPS E n g i n e T h r u s t P e r f o r m a n c e . 4-39
4.4 S / C O p e r a t i o n a l C o n s t r a i n t s and L i m i t a t i o n s 4-39
4.4.1 Operational Constraints . 4-39
4.4.2 Operational Limitations . 4-43
Introduction 5- 1
5.1 Scientific Equipment . 5- 1
5.1.1 M e d i c a l D a t a Acquisition S y s t e m (MDAS) 5- 1
5.1.2 E l e c t r i c a l C a b l e s and A d a p t e r s . 5- 1
5.1.2.1 Octopus Cable . 5-5
5.1.2.2 Cobra Cable T-Adapter . 5-5
5. 1. 2.3 PGA and CWG E l e c t r i c a l A d a p t e r C a b l e s 5-7
5. 1 . 2 . 4 H a r d w a r e P o w e r and Signal C a b l e s 5-7
5.2 M e d i c a1 E x p e r i m e n t s 5-7
5.2.1 I n - F l i g h t E x e r c i s e r ( M - 3 A ) (M003) . 5-7
5 . 2 . 1. 1 Equipment Description . 5-7
5.2.1.2 Experiment Procedures . 5-9
5.2.1.3 Crewman Participation . 5- 10
5.2.1.4 Recovery Requirements . 5- 10
5.2.2 I n - F l i g h t P h o n o c a r d i o g r a m ( M - 4 A ) (M004) . 5-10
5.2. 2. 1 Equipment Description . 5- 10
5.2.2.2 Experiment Procedures . 5-11
5.2.2.3 Crewman Participation . 5-1 1
5.2. 2 . 4 Recovery Requirements . 5-11
5.2.3 Bone D e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( M - 6 A ) (M006) . 5-11
-
S M 2 A - 0 3 SC 0 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
6 C R E W PERSONAL EQUIPMENT . 6- 1
Introduction 6- 1
6.1 C r e w C o m p a r t m e n t Configuration and C r e w
Environment 6-1
6. 2 Mirrors 6-2
6.2. 1 I n t e r n a l Viewing M i r r o r s ( C F E ) . 6-2
6. 2. 2 E x t e r n a l Viewing M i r r o r s ( C F E ) . 6-3
6.3 C r e w m a n O p t i c a l A l i g n m e n t Sight (COAS) . 6-4
6.3. 1 Operational Use 6-5
~~
~~
7 SYSTEM SCHEMATICS . 7- 1
__
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 C h a n g e Date Page xii
SM2A - 0 3 - S C O 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
t
GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION.
0 C o m m a n d m o d u l e and s e r v i c e m o d u l e development f o r
e a r t h orbital missions
0 D e m o n s t r a t i o n of s y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n a l c a p a b i l i t i e s
including a l l types of a b o r t s , land a n d w a t e r r e c o v e r y ,
S a t u r n IB and S a t u r n V o p e r a t i o n and c a p a b i l i t y , and
s y s t e m s operation during e a r t h o r b i t
S P A C E C R A F T 012 CONFIGURATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
--.-
Q-BALL (NOSE CONE)
PITCH CONTROL MOTOR
JETTISON MOTOR
STRUCTURAL SKIRT
C O W N O MODULE
SERVICE MODULE
EPS RADIATOR
ECS RADIATOR
SPACECRAFT LEM
ADAPTER (SLA)- S f 5 ENGINE EXPANSION NOZZLE
S I A PANEL JUNCTION
(BETWEEN FWD AND A f l
PANELS)
S P A C E C R A F T 012 CONFIGURATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
XI = 138 WO
x1 = 11s 300
XA - 1133 503
x c = 131 503
xA
-- 1083 176
83 476
AS<
. S/M
1
XA
X,
-
APOLLO I C RtFtRfNCt STAIIUNI
= L f S REFfRENCf SlAllONS
XI -
Xc = C/M IEFfRENCE SlAllONS
S/M IEFCRENCE SlAlIONS
NOTE
A U A l I M PMlEIIAL DlMfNSlONI
ARE NOT INCLUDED ON C/M
= 583 3w
= M2.m
SM-21-70711
F i g u r e 1-1. S p a c e c r a f t 0 1 2 Configuration ( S h e e t 2 of 2 )
S P A C E C R A F T 0 1 2 CONFIGURATION
Mission B a s i c D a t e ' 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1-3
-~- -
SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
GENERAL INFORiMATION
T h e C / M ( f i g u r e 1 - 3 ) f o r m s t h e s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l c e n t e r , contains
n e c e s s a r y a u t o m a t i c a n d m a n u a l e q u i p m e n t to c o n t r o l a n d m o n i t o r t h e
s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s , a n d c o n t a i n s t h e r e q u i r e d e q u i p m e n t f o r s a f e t y and
c o n f o r m of the c r e w . T h e module i s a n i r r e g u l a r - s h a p e d , p r i m a r y
s t r u c t u r e e n c o m p a s s e d by t h r e e h e a t s h i e l d s ( c o a t e d with a b l a t i v e m a t e r i a l
a n d j o i n e d o r f a s t e n e d to t h e p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e ) f o r m i n g a c o n i c a l - e x t e r i o r
s h a p e . T h e C / M c o n s i s t s of a f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t , a c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t ,
and an aft compartment.
t-I
H O N E Y C O M B CORED-IAMINATED
FIBERGLASS PANEL
TRANSITION R I N G
- Xc14
RCS ROLL MOTOR P O R T S
M O T O R PORTS
RCS PITCH M O T O R PORTS SM-24-1031
S P A C E C R A F T 0 1 2 CONFIGURATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
BREAKOUT PLUG
(FOR APEX COVER
r PILOT PARACHUTE)
LAUNCH ESCAPE TOWER
FORWARD HEAT SHIELD ATTACHMENT (TYPICAL)
(APW COVER)
NEGATIVE PITCH
OPTICAL SIGHTING ENGINES
PORTS 1
FWD VIEW1 N G
(RENDEZVOUS)
WINDOWS
CREW
POSITIVE PITCH
\ I
SIDE W I N D OW \ I ^.. ..... .- ^... UMBI LI;AL'
(TYPICAL 2 PLACES)'
u nATCnW""UW
ROLL ENGINES
(TYPICAL)
NOTE:
CENTER COUCH REMOVED FOR CLARITY. SM-2A-642F
S P A C E C R A F T 012 CONFIGURATION
1-5
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
G E N E R A L INFORMATION
The f o r w a r d h e a t s h i e l d , o r a p e x c o v e r , i s m a d e of b r a z e d s t a i n l e s s -
s t e e l honeycomb and c o v e r e d with ablative m a t e r i a l . It contains four
r e c e s s e d fittings which p e r m i t the launch e s c a p e t o w e r to be attached to the
C / M i n n e r s t r u c t u r e . Jettison t h r u s t e r s s e p a r a t e the a p e s c o v e r f r o m the
C / M a f t e r e n t r y o r a f t e r the launch e s c a p e a s s e m b l y i s s e p a r a t e d during
a n a b o r t . ( F o r additional i n f o r m a t i o n , r e f e r to the sequential s y s t e m s in
s e c t i o n 2. )
T h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t o r i n n e r s t r u c t u r e ( f i g u r e - 1-3) i s a s e a l e d
cabin with p r e s s u r i z a t i o n maintained by the e n v i r o n m e n t a l control s y s t e m
( E C S ) . The c o m p a r t m e n t , p r o t e c t e d by a heat shield, contains c o n t r o l s and
d i s p l a y s f o r o p e r a t i o n of the s p a c e c r a f t and s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s ; contains
m e c h a n i c a l a d j u s t m e n t s f o r the c r e w c o u c h e s , r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s a s s e m -
b l i e s , hatch c o v e r s , window s h a d e s , e t c . ; and i s provided with c r e w
equipment, food and w a t e r , w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s , s u r v i v a l equip-
m e n t , and scientific e x p e r i m e n t s equipment. A c c e s s h a t c h e s , o b s e r v a t i o n
windows, and equipment b a y s a r e attached a s p a r t of t h e c o m p a r t m e n t s t r u c t u r e .
The c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d , l i k e the a p e x c o v e r , i s m a d e of
b r a z e d s t a i n l e s s - s t e e l honeycomb and c o v e r e d with ablative m a t e r i a l . T h i s
h e a t shield, o r o u t e r s t r u c t u r e , contains the S / C umbilical connector o u t l e t ,
ablative plugs, and a c o p p e r h e a t sink f o r the o p t i c a l sighting p o r t s in the
l o w e r equipment bay, two s i d e o b s e r v a t i o n windows, two f o r w a r d viewing
windows, and t h e o u t e r c o v e r f o r t h e side a c c e s s hatch which a l s o contains
a n o b s e r v a t i o n window.
1. 1 . 2 . 3 S / C C o n t r o l s and Displays.
S P A C E C R A F T 0 1 2 CONFIGURATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
CONTROL
VIEW0
ECS CABIN AIR
PRESSURE CONTROLS
RELIEF VALVE A N D /
LINKAGE (2 PLA$ES)
VIEW @
X-X AlTENUATION STRUT
LOCKOUT MECHANISM
(4 PLACES) VIEW 0
Y-Y ATlENUATlON
ATTENUATION STRUT (2 PLACES 1
/ STRUT
COUCH
,BEARING
CORE
W N W L RELEASE
NYLON HOOK
FASTENER
TAPE GRIP
YNW
5 M- 24-75 X
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M M e c h a n i c a l C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 1 of 3 )
S P A C E C R A F T 012 CONFIGURATION
'-
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page 1-7
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
GENERAL INFORMATION
INNER WINDOW
SEALED DWVE
SHAFT (BOTH SIDES)
RACKDRIVE &4R
LATCH (6 PLACES)
OUTER WINDOW
LATCH DRIVE SHAFT
(OUTER DRIVE COVERED BY
ABLATIVE PLUG)
EXTERNAL
noosi HATCH
COVER WINDOW
(TYPICAL)
OUTER MATCH COVER
EMERGENCY EXTERNAL RELEASE
(VIEW ROTATED 180 DEG)
SM-ZA-753C
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M Mechanical C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 2 of 3 )
S P A C E C R A F T 011: CONFIGURATION
GENERAL I N F O R M A T I O N
CONNECTOR
RACHET WRENCH
CAUTION DECAL
LOCK PIN
OUTBOARD VIEW
0 POSTLANDING VENTILATION SYSTEM (PLV)
@ FORWARD ACCESS HATCH
LOCK1 NC MECHANI SM
ACCESS HATCH FWD ACCESS
BREECH-LOCK HATCH COVER
IR I N L n P O R T
CROSS-SECTION VIEW
SM-ZA-856A
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M M e c h a n i c a l C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 3 of 3)
G E N E RA L I N F 0R h4A T IO N
1. 1. 2 . 4 . 6 Cabin P r e s s u r e C o n t r o l s .
IS C l a k ON
2 16 G&N loo
17 hxtont o
3
4
18 C m atla
19 Clothing
5
20 lruttiol n
6
7 21 1.h c n -
B 22 Oxyq8n 4
23 Wial
9
IO
11 24 Side rhoc
25 Spncewit
12 26 ECS voIv8
13 27 ECS w c y g
+X
2 28 Sigml m n d i t w n i n g .quipent
s p c w i t S~OWOQ* bop ond scientific . q u i p e n ( itorqe (,,I
3 Ga chronotopmph
29 VHF m r l t i p l u e r
4 Flight qwlifisotim t o p n c o d r
30 Dot0 wiring
5 Scientific q u i p ” m m p m n m t A
31 P r d v l o t i m OIOC-I
32 VHF n c o r e t y &con ond VHF-AM t m r u n i t t e m c e i r e r
6 Display/otiitde gyrrroccda-eter (EU)
33 Audio ceniar
7 Food itoras. (5 containen)
34 Centml timing
8 A W t h gyro ond o c a l e m - m t e r
35 TV optics rtom~e(ref)
9 b t . gym
36 h l u - c d e m o d u l o t i o n ( K M ) unit 2 telanetr, q u i p e n t
IO C W p l i n g ond d i i p k y pnl
37 VHF-FM Imrunittar ond HF tmrrrceivar
1I Sr p i l o t w i t mnnector p n c l ond clectricol e ~ n ~ c t (no
or 38 h l w - c d a mdulaticm (PCM) unit I l e l m e t y quip.nt
I2 Cabin air m c i r w l o t i m b n (reo
13
14
IMU M t m l p w l
Liphting contml
39
40 S-bod
41
-.I
Scientific q u i p e n t e w o p r r m o n t C
C-bondtmnpad.r
onplifier
15 F O I W O ~o c w hatch c w e r (nf)
16 P a t l o d i n g ECS air outlet duct 42 C@ ob.orb.r mntoiwr (mf)
43 Food and rort table (in-flight tDol set)
17 P a l l o n d i n g ECS m a r mbla
U Digitol up-ho link
18 Fo-d OCC.L( hatch (nf)
45 Unifid $-bond e q u i m n t
19 Sox~ontb l a c o p eyepieca s t o w
20 Sextont ond t e l a c o p -1 46 Fecal coniiter b i t i d )
21 Computer display and control pml 47 Scientific q u i p n e n t mmporrmmt 8
22 G 6 N control panal IMU
48 &I1 c h o m l ED,
23 S u n i v o l p m r i i i o n (nf) 49 Dolo p c L o g * conloiner lolm m wtbood couch h a )
24 C l i n i c o l monitoring inst-mi wt comportment
50 G I N c a p u t e r
25 P a r sono ollmbly ( P U ) 51 Pitch chonn.1 ED,
52 Auxilioy E D ,
?6 Doto s t o w q u i p e n t
Yaw channel E t *
27 Towel stomg.
RIGHT-HAND FORWARD EQUIPMNT BAY (RHFEB) ANDRIGHT-HANDt
' 41
42
43
C-bondtmnpwd.r
CQ oborbr c m t o i n r (ref)
F d o d w o k toble (in-flight tml u t )
U Dipitol up-doto lint
45 Unified S - b d q u i p e n t
46 Fecal coniiter h i t i d )
47 Scirntific e q u i m n t m m p O m m t B .
4E bll c h o m l t U
49 h t o pockog. COntoinr (01.0 m w t k d couh h a )
50 GhNcmputer
51 Pitch chonnel E C *
52 Aurilioy E a
9 Yor3PmeI E
U
I
-
Missi
SMZA-03-SC012 3
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
1
I
. k
G E N E F A L INFORMATION
4
,\
'\\
I7
I8
I9
20
ZI
21
21
24
25
26
Z?
n
29
F i g u r e 1-6. C / M E q u i p m e n t and S t o w a g e B a y s I
1
I
S P A C E C R A F T 0 1 2 CONFIGURATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.2.6 F o o d and W a t e r .
1. 1 . 2 . 7 W a s t e Management.
1.1.2.8 S u r viva1 E q u i p m e n t .
The s u r v i v a l k i t s stowed i n t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t R H F E B ( f i g u r e 1 - 6 )
a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r the postlanding p h a s e of the m i s s i o n ( l a n d o r w a t e r ) . The
m a j o r i t e m s contained i n e a c h kit include 6 pounds of w a t e r , a d e s a l t e r k i t ,
a o n e - m a n life r a f t , r a d i o t r a n s c e i v e r , p o r t a b l e l i g h t , s u n g l a s s e s , and a
m a c h e t e . Life v e s t s w o r n by the c r e w d u r i n g lift-off a n d e n t r y a r e stowed
i n t h e s p a c e s u i t stowage bag d u r i n g the o r b i t p h a s e of the m i s s i o n . (See
figure 1-6. )
1. 1 . 2 . 9 Aft C o m p a r t m e n t .
T h e a f t c o m p a r t m e n t ( f i g u r e 1 - 3 ) is t h e a r e a e n c o m p a s s e d by the aft
p o r t i o n of t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d , a f t h e a t s h i e l d , and aft p o r t i o n
of t h e p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e . T h i s c o m p a r t m e n t c o n t a i n s 10 r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l
e n g i n e s , a n i m p a c t a t t e n u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e , i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , and s t o r a g e t a n k s
f o r w a t e r , f u e l , o x i d i z e r , a n d g a s e o u s h e l i u m . ( F o u r c r u s h a b l e r i b s , along
the S / C +Z a x i s , a r e provided a s p a r t of the i m p a c t a t t e n u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e t o
a b s o r b e n e r g y during a l a n d i m p a c t . )
~~
S P A C E C R A F T 01 2 CONFIGURATION
--
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. 1. 3 SERVICE MODULE
The S / M is a c y l i n d r i c a l s t r u c t u r e f o r m e d by 1 - i n c h - t h i c k a l u m i n u m
honeycomb p a n e l s . R a d i a l b e a m s , f r o m m i l l e d a l u m i n u m a l l o y p l a t e s ,
s e p a r a t e t h e s t r u c t u r e i n t e r i o r i n t o s i x unequal s e c t o r s a r o u n d a c i r c u l a r
c e n t e r s e c t i o n . (See f i g u r e 1 - 7. ) Equipment contained within the s e r v i c e
module i s a c c e s s i b l e t h r o u g h m a i n t e n a n c e d o o r s l o c a t e d s t r a t e g i c a l l y a r o u n d
t h e e x t e r i o r s u r f a c e of the m o d u l e . Specific i t e m s , s u c h a s flight c o n t r o l
s y s t e m (SPS a n d RCS) a n d m o s t of t h e S / C o n - b o a r d c o n s u m a b l e s ( a n d
s t o r a g e t a n k s ) c o n t a i n e d i n the S / M c o m p a r t m e n t s , a r e l i s t e d i n f i g u r e 1 - 7 .
R a d i a l b e a m t r u s s e s on the f o r w a r d p o r t i o n of the S / M s t r u c t u r e
( f i g u r e 1 - 7 ) provide a m e a n s f o r s e c u r i n g the C / M t o the S / M . A l t e r n a t e
b e a m s , o n e , t h r e e , and f i v e , have c o m p r e s s i o n pads f o r s u p p o r t i n g the C I M .
B e a m s two, f o u r , a n d s i x , have s h e a r - c o m p r e s s i o n p a d s , and t e n s i o n t i e s ,
A flat c e n t e r s e c t i o n i n e a c h t e n s i o n t i e i n c o r p o r a t e s redundant e x p l o s i v e
c h a r g e s f o r S / M - C / M separation. These b e a m s and separation devices a r e
e n c l o s e d within a f a i r i n g ( 2 6 i n c h e s high a n d 1 3 f e e t i n d i a m e t e r ) b e t w e e n the
C / M and S/M.
1.1.4 S P A C E C R A F T L E M ADAPTER.
1. 1 . 5 S P A C E C R A F T SYSTEMS.
Data r e l a t i n g t o the o p e r a t i o n a l s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s a n d i n t e r f a c e
i n f o r m a t i o n a r e p r e s e n t e d i n s e c t i o n 2 of t h i s handbook.
Mission
S P A C E C R A F T 0 12 CONFIGURATION-LAUNCH
Page
.
1-16
SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
--
GENERAL INFORMATION
IDIZER T A N K
ECS SPACE
SECTOR 4
(SKIN PARTIALLY REMOVED
F O R CLARITY)
C / M r e c t o n (top view)
SPS ENGINE
EXPANSION N O Z Z L E
/ 1 and 4 are 50-degree secton
2 and 5 ore 70dagree recton
3 and 6 am &)-degree secton
SERVICE M O D U L E ITEMS
Sector 1
Sector 5
E l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m space radiator Environmental control system space radiator
S u p e r - c r i t i c a l o x y g e n t a n k (two) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m oxidizer tank
S u p e r - c r i t i c a l h y d r o g e n t a n k (two) Reaction control s y s t e m package ( - Y axis)
Sector 2 Sector 6
Environmental control system space radiator S p a c e r a d i a t o r s e l e c t i o n v a l v e , (two)
S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m oxidizer tank G l y c o l s h u t o f f v a l v e s (two)
Reaction control s y s t e m package (+Y-axis) Reaction control system package (-Z axis)
S p a c e r a d i a t o r i s o l a t i o n v a l v e (two) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m fuel tank
Sector 3
Center section
S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m fuel tank S e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m h e l i u m t a n k (two)
Reaction control system package ( t Z - a x i s ) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m engine
S e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m h e l i u m t a n k s (two)
Sector 4
E l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m s p a c e radiator
Fuel cell power plant ( t h r e e )
Helium s e r v i c i n g panel
Reaction control s y s t e m control unit
E l e c t r i c a l p o w e r s y s t e m power c o n t r o l r e l a y box
S e r v i c e m o d u l e j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l b a t t e r y (two)
S e r v i c e m o d u l e J e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r s e q u e n c e r (two)
Water supply tank (two)
SM-2A-643 E
t
Figure 1 - 7 . Spacecraft 012 Service Module
S P A C E C R A F T 0 12 CONFIGURATION
-..-
G E N E R A L INFORMATION
SICILEM
/ADAPTER
INSTRUMENT
-
/
UNIT
i
S- IVB
STAGE
I
/ S - l STAGE
LAUNCH V E H I C L E CONFIGURATION
1-18
hli s s ion B a s i c Date 12 1966 Change Date Page
SiM2A - 0 3 -SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
)1
GENERAL INFOFGVIATION
T h e S - I B b o o s t e r ( f i r s t s t a g e ) f o r S a t u r n IB i s m a n u f a c t u r e d by the
C h r y s l e r C o r p o r a t i o n . T h i s b o o s t e r i s 2 5 7 i n c h e s in d i a m a t e r , 82 f e e t in
length, a n d i s powered by e i g h t Rocketdyne H- 1 engines. E a c h engine,
burning R P - 1 a n d liquid oxygen, p r o d u c e s 200,0 0 0 pounds of t h r u s t f o r a
t o t a l s t a g e t h r u s t o v e r 1, 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds.
T h e S-IVB s e c o n d s t a g e f o r S a t u r n IB is m a n u f a c t u r e d by t h e Douglas
A i r c r a f t Company. T h i s s t a g e is 260 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r , 58 f e e t i n l e n g t h ,
a n d i s powered by a s i n g l e Rocketdyne 5 - 2 engine. T h e e n g i n e , b u r n i n g
liquid h y d r o g e n and oxygen, p r o d u c e s a s t a g e t h r u s t of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
200, 000 pounds, D u r i n g flight, the J - 2 engine u s e s t h r e e d i f f e r e n t m i x t u r e
r a t i o s , r e s u l t i n g i n v a l u e s of t h r u s t r a n g i n g f r o m 190, 000 to 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 pounds.
I n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o postlanding r e c o v e r y a i d s is p r o v i d e d u n d e r
s e q u e n t i a l s y s t e m s in s e c t i o n 2 . P o s t l a n d i n g ventilation f o r the c r e w i s
supplied through two vent v a l v e s i n the f o r w a r d a c c e s s h a t c h c o v e r . ( S e e
f i g u r e 1 - 4 . ) A handpump and flexible h o s e , s t o r e d u n d e r the r i g h t c r e w
couch ( f i g u r e 1-6), i s u s e d to o b t a i n w a t e r f r o m the s e a f o r c o n v e r s i o n t o
potable w a t e r . ( R e f e r to c r e w e q u i p m e n t i n s e c t i o n 6 . ) An Apollo R e c o v e r y
O p e r a t i o n s Handbook w i l l p r o v i d e a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of r e c o v e r y equip-
m e n t and r e s c u e p r o c e d u r e s .
SYSTEMS D-AT-4
SECTION 2
SYSTEMS D.4TA
INTRODUCTION.
S y s t e m s d a t a include d e s c r i p t i o n of o p e r a t i o n s , component d e s c r i p -
tion and d e s i g n d a t a , o p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s a n d r e s t r i c t i o n s , and t e l e m e t r y
m e a s u r e m e n t s . Subsection 2 . 1 d e s c r i b e s the o v e r a l l s p a c e c r a f t navigation,
g u i d a n c e , and c o n t r o l r e q u i r e m e n t s and the r e s u l t a n t s y s t e m s i n t e r f a c e .
S u b s e c t i o n s 2. Z t h r o u g h 2. 1 0 p r e s e n t data grouped by s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s ,
a r r a n g e d in t h e following o r d e r : guidance and navigation, s t a b i l i z a t i o n a n d
c o n t r o l , s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n , r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l , e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r , eniriron-
m e n t a l c o n t r o l , t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , s e q u e n t i a l , and c a u t i o n s a n d w a r n i n g s .
Subsection 2. 1 1 d e a l s with m i s c e l l a n e o u s s y s t e m s d a t a .
M i s s ion
B a s i c Date l 2 Nov l q 6 6 Change D a t e pale 2 - 1 1 2 - 2
SM2A -03-SCO 1 2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
v
SYSTEMS D.4T-4
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 1
Attitude C o n t r o l
Guidance
Navigation
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e s e l o o p s p r o v i d e a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e , a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , a t t i t u d e hold, and
a u t o m a t i c and m a n u a l m a n e u v e r c a p a b i l i t i e s n e c e s s a r y to a c c o m p l i s h the
s e v e r a l t a s k s involved d u r i n g c o a s t i n g flight. They a r e a l s o the c e n t r a l
r e f e r e n c e and c o n t r o l l o o p s r e q u i r e d for a l l p h a s e s of flight.
A r e f e r e n c e a t t i t u d e f r a m e i s e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e G & N i n e r t i a l m e a s -
u r e m e n t unit (IMU), a n d / o r by the SCS body-mounted a t t i t u d e g y r o s
( B M A G s ) , a n d a t t i t u d e g y r o coupling unit (AGCU). I n e r t i a l s e n s o r s s e n s e
S I C m o t i o n c o n t r a r y to t h e r e f e r e n c e f r a m e . T h e s e n s e d a t t i t u d e e r r o r s
a n d r a t e s a r e conditioned t h r o u g h s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s and logic to i n i t i a t e
c o u n t e r m o t i o n s v i a t h e r e a c t i o n j e t c o n t r o l (RCS) which nullifies the o r i g i n a l
motion. T h e 4 G C i n s e r t s a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l a n d m a n e u v e r c o m m a n d s into
t h e loop. T h e r o t a t i o n , t r a n s l a t i o n , and a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e c o n t r o l s i n s e r t
m a n u a l c o m m a n d s into the loop. T h e flight d i r e c t o r attitude i n d i c a t o r
(FDAI) i s the S / C attitude visual display.
A t m o s p h e r i c flight i s e n c o u n t e r e d d u r i n g t h e e n t r y p h a s e of the
m i s s i o n a t which t i m e the S / C e x p e r i e n c e s a e r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s .
F i g u r e 2 . 1 - 4 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e b a s i c loops r e q u i r e d f o r c o n t r o l of the S / C
d u r i n g t h i s p h a s e . T h e c e n t r a l loop i s i d e n t i c a l t o t h a t in f i g u r e 2. 1 - 2 .
T h e m a i n d i f f e r e n c e i s t h a t s e r v i c e m o d u l e / c o m m a n d module ( S / M - C / M )
s e p a r a t i o n h a s t a k e n p l a c e , a n d the c o m m a n d module RCS s y s t e m i s u s e d .
A n o t h e r d i f f e r e n c e i s t h a t t h e a e r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s will s t a b i l i z e the C / M in
pitch and yaw, a n d the e n t r y g - l e v e l ( l i f t vecto:- c o n t r o l ) will i n c r e a s e o r
d e c r e a s e t h r o u g h r o l l c o n t r o l . P r i m a r y c o n t r o l i s a u t o m a t i c , with m a n u a l
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l a v a i l a b l e , in exrent of a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l m a l f u n c t i o n s .
1.
VELOCITY
pF T
CHANGES I;
I
I
1;
COASTING FLIGHT (CF) I
----- POWERED FLIGHT (PF) 1;
------- ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHT (AF)
I
L
i
AF
PR
- t
----
COWNDS DIRECT DECOUPLING
NAVIGATION (FCSM THRUST ON-OFF I
SENSING) COMMANDS ROLL ERRORS T(
OPTICAL
SIGHT ING
I
-I+-+ CC
JE
ANGLES ATTITUDE ERRORS PF $:
-- 4 I,
AF, - ~ _ E E R I ~ ~ E ~ R ~ s -
I. LC
2z CF
MANUAL
I 7 - -
.
A V SETTINGS
MANUAL c SPS ENGINE
? THRUST ON ON-OFF AND
--c
TO
AGC THRUST ON-OFF
COWNDS VELOCITY SENSING - sRK- - - - - - - - _ _ _
LOOP
GUIDANCE A N D
NAVIGATION CONTROL
FROM
AGC
- - - - - - - -+I-----+
COMMANDS (GbN)
PF
(wl
c LOOPS (CF, PF, AF)
CDU ATTITUDE A N D .
I
PITCH A N D
SERVO STEERING COMMANDS YAW ERRORS TO
* GIMUL
A N D CONTROL
ELECTRONICS A - - ik-4 SERVO
t
PF
ClRCUlTS ELECT
c
FROM
IMU - ATTITUDE
ATTITUDE I COWNOS
10 IMU SENSORS
l~m
INTEGLATING
SENSaS(IMU)
A
51 as
.
“ T
LOCITY
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-4NGE.5
ATTITLID€
CHANGES
L
AnlTUDE
L l 4
ii
B
MissionJ
f
f
1
..
S M 2 A - 03- sc012
A P O L OPERATIONS
~ HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
I
cFsc MANUAL
DIRECT cFzr $ PF
AERODYNAMIC
r- 1
LJLLAGE
COMMAND -J
FORCES
! THRUST
I ACCELERATION
AND
1 (1 ( 1
T AF DIRECTION
yzRL7;-
?UDE ERRORS pF CF
ToTo
CONTROL AND
JET SELECTION
LOGIC CIRCUITS
RCS ATTITUDE C r T L
L m P ( C F , PF, AF)
JET CONTROL
~ ~ ! ~
DYNAMICS
~ l ~ a
------- ERRORS
+ + STEERING SUMMING SUMMING
CIRCUITS CIRCUITS
I t t
I I I
PF FORCE
TO
+ I I-
- f f
PITCH A N D
MNC
ELECTRONICS I
- -i t - - GIMML
SERVO
(SCS) SPS ENGINE GIMBAL
CONTROL LOOP (PF) --- TORQUE
PF
TO
MTVC
ELECTRONICS
4
I,
I
I
CF
CF
-L
T p J
1
1,
Tff
1 ROLL
w TRATE
I
’
T P PITCH,%-AW
iTiH~AW
I I
RATES I
I BhUC
~ . - FROM FROM
BACK UP ATTITUDE ROLL ATTITUDE
RATE (BMAGS) RATE
TUDE (SCS) scs GYRO
95 FROM
BMAGS ATTITUDE REFERENCE (ARS),
RATE
ATE5 FROM INERTIAL SENSOR, DISPLAY,
GYROS
RATE A N D FEEDBACK LOOPS
GYROS (CF, PF, AF)
FROM ORBITAL RATE
AGCU LOCAL VERTICAL
~~
ATTITUM CHANGES
VELOCITY CHANGES
SM-2h-947
'+
I
I I
L--
-
ROTATION DIREC
COMMANDS
1
M N U M MANUAL
ROTATION TRANSLATIC
COWNOS COMMAND5
I
Maw
PROFORTIONb DISAE.1
co Mh4
ATTITUDE
IMWLSE
CONTROL
II ‘
(GAM
ATTITUDE COMMANDS
1 *
ATTITUDE
Df ADBAND
AND LIMITING 4 I -b
PSEUDO
PUL!
MODh
I ) (SCS)
. (SC!
-------
ATTITUDE ERRORS
AllllUM I
PATES
ATTITUDE REI
TOTAL
-
DISPLAY, A b
________* AnlTU[W
f
AGCU ARS AT^4-
EULER 4 SENSORS
COMPUTER REF A l l ORBITAL RA
ALIGN LOCAL VER’,
I . ..
’ I
.
M i s s ion,
...
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L m OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
/
1 c
PSEUDO RATE
PULSE
MODULATOR
(SCS)
REACTION
JET SELECTION
LOGIC
( s a
b
CONTROL
(S/MRCS) I
~
SPACECRAFT
DYNAMlCS
OR0ITAL RATE
LOCAL VTRTICAL
ATTITUDE CMNCES
P SM-ZA-VU
ACCELEROMETER
FROM NAVIGATIONS
OR UPLINK (MSFN)
TIME
'
I
AGC
NAVIGATION
AND
sPS
AND
MANUAL DIRECT
THRUST ON-OFF
GUIDANCE
~ R O G M ~ THRUST ON-OFF
ENGINE
VELOCITY I N
)G
I( CUAMANDS (G61.I)
+ CONTROL
(SK)
-
HANGES
-c
1
i i
I STEERING I
I COWNDS
I
II
-I I
T
I A N D CONTROL
(GhW
I
A I ATTITUDE
COMMANDS
I
I -FDA1 (SCS)7
I 41 ATTITUDE
VELOCITY
CHANGES
MANUAl ROTATION
ROTATION 4 C O M R O LS DIRECT Ci
-c
COMMANDS (SCS)
--------- 1
-4
MANUAL
TRANSLATION
:CEu RATION
'1D VELOCITY
I COMMANDS
ACCELEROMETER I PROPORTIONAL
SENSOR
I
ps MANUAL DIRECT i II 2 -
"-OFF AND
iLOC1TY
NSING
THRUST ON-OFF
COMMANDS I ROLL ERRORS
ATTITUDE
DEADMND
* PSEUDO RATE
J
I 1 AND LIMITING MODULATOR
PULSE
(SCS)
----C !
ENGINE
CONTROL
I
4L THRUST ON I r----+-
4NDS (SCS)
"NDS
I
!I
GIMBAL
POSITION ELECTRONICS
CONTROLS
ANUAl
LIM
ATTITUDE
COMMANDS
FDA1 (SCS)
-ATTITUDE 4
- ATTITUDE ERRORS
~ -.- I
4
ATTITUIX
RATES
*
1
\
TOTAL
ATTITUDE
I
ATTITUM
ARS
REF SENSORS
*
2zGN ( W A G S ) SCS ATTITUDE CHANGES
VELOCITY CHANGES
Figure 2 .
Mission Ba 8
' . .
-
SM2A 0 3 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
--------------c-------
RCS ATTITUDE C O N T R O ~
1 MANUAL
DIRECT CONTROL
TRANSLATION
LOOP
MANUAL
DIRECT
I
I
TRANSLATION
COMMANDS
c CONTROL
(SCS)
ULLAGE
COMMAND I THRUST
I ACCELERATION
AND
ORTIONAL
I THRUST
DIRECT ION
-
---------------------
MODULATOR
(SC9
-C
1
LOGIC (SCS)
J-
GIMBAL
.*
POSITION
SENSORS
66)
GIMBAL
POSITION E LE CT RON1CS SPS ENGINE GIMBAL
CONTROLS
CONTROL LOOP
U U
. I
- 'MANDS 1
GIMBAL
SERVO
ELECTRONICS
(SCS)
-
I
GIMBAL
CONTROL
ELECTRONICS
(SCS)
- ENGINE
GIMAL
CONTROL
(SPS)
I
I
I
TORQUE
GI M A L
c ' RATE
SENSORS
(SPn -
-
4
>
d
-
I AND
I GUIDANCE I
I
I PROGRAMS
(GW I
VELOCITY I I
CHANGES I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I
I NAVIGATION
I
I SIGHTING I
I ANGLES I
I I
I
I
I 1
I
I 1 STEERING ERROR!
I
ERROR
! I
I
1
ATTITUDE
RATES
VELOCITY
CHANGES
ATTITUDE
CHANGES
31
ATTITUDE
I
ATTITUDE
7
A(
EL
L I
..
3
MANUAL ROTATION
ROTATION CONTROLS .
COMMANDS (SCS)
I I
I
I
I
-
MANUAL DISABLE
I COMMANDS
1
ROPORTIONAL
,
I PITCH/YAW
ERROR
I
I
I
DECOUPtlNG
ATTITUDE
. + PSEUDO RATE
ATTITUDE
RATES
1
ATTITUDE I+ $MAG
1ACKUP
UTE
h J
AGCU ARS
-
ATTITUDE
EULER
COMPUTER
4 - REF
ATTITUDE
- SENSORS
AT1 (BMAGS) SCS,
Figu
M i s s ion
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
1
RCS AlllTUDE CONTROL I
DIRECT CONTROL LOOP
I AERODYNAMIC
I FORCES
IAL
.
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SMZA-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 2
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION.
The guidance and navigation ( G & N ) s y s t e m m e a s u r e s s p a c e c r a f t
attitude and velocity, d e t e r m i n e s t r a j e c t o r y , c o n t r o l s s p a c e c r a f t attitude,
c o n t r o l s the t h r u s t v e c t o r of the s e r v i c e propulsion e n g i n e , and p r o v i d e s
a b o r t information and display d a t a . P r i m a r y d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the s p a c e c r a f t
velocity and position, and computation of the t r a j e c t o r y p a r a m e t e r s i s
a c c o m p l i s h e d by the manned s p a c e flight network ( M S F N ) .
T h e G & N s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of t h r e e s u b s y s t e m s a s follows:
0 I n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m (ISS)
0 C o m p u t e r s u b s y s t e m (CSS)
0 Optics s u b s y s t e m (OSS)
T h e i n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m is composed of a n i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t unit
(IMU), p a r t of the power and s e r v o a s s e m b l y ( P S A ) , p a r t of the c o n t r o l s and
d i s p l a y s , and t h r e e i n e r t i a l coupling d i s p l a y u n i t s (CDUs). The IlMU p r o v i d e s
a n i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e with a gimbaled, t h r e e -degree -of-freedom, g y r o
stabilized stable p l a t f o r m .
T h e c o m p u t e r s u b s y s t e m is composed of a n Apollo guidance c o m p u t e r
(AGC), and two d i s p l a y and keyboard p a n e l s (DSKY s ) , which a r e p a r t of the
c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s . T h e AGC i s a digital c o m p u t e r which p r o c e s s e s and
c o n t r o l s information t o and f r o m t h e IMU and optics, and s t o r e s p r o g r a m s
and r e f e r e n c e d a t a .
T h e optics s u b s y s t e m is composed of a scanning t e l e s c o p e ( S C T ) , a
sextant (SXT), d r i v e m o t o r s f o r positioning the SCT and SXT, p a r t s of t h e
PSA, p a r t of the c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s , and two optics CDUs. The SCT and
SXT a r e used t o d e t e r m i n e the s p a c e c r a f t position and attitude with r e l a t i o n
to stars and/or landmarks.
T h e t h r e e G&N s u b s y s t e m s a r e configured s u c h t h a t the CSS and OSS
m a y be operated independently. T h i s allows continued u s e of the CSS a n d / o r
OSS in the event of a malfunction in one of t h e s e s u b s y s t e m s o r the ISS.
S y s t e m power r e q u i r e m e n t s and r e f e r e n c e s i g n a l s a r e provided by t h e power
and s e r v o a s s e m b l y ( P S A ) . Major components of the s y s t e m a r e located in
the command module lower equipment bay ( f i g u r e 2. 2-1). S y s t e m c i r c u i t
b r e a k e r s , caution and w a r n i n g i n d i c a t o r s , and one of the D S K Y s a r e located
on the m a i n d i s p l a y console.
2.2.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.
T h e guidance and navigation s y s t e m p r o v i d e s c a p a b i l i t i e s f o r the
f ol lowing:
0 I n e r t i a l velocity and position ( s t a t e v e c t o r ) computation
0 Optical and i n e r t i a l navigation m e a s u r e m e n t s
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTE-MS D-4T.A
0 S p a c e c r a f t attitude m e a s u r e m e n t and c o n t r o l
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e P I P A s a r e o r t h o g o n a l l y mounted and s e n s e c h a n g e s i n s p a c e c r a f t
v e l o c i t y . An a c c e l e r a t i o n o r d e c e l e r a t i o n r e s u l t s in output s i g n a l s which
a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the m a g n i t u d e and d i r e c t i o n of t h e velocity change.
T h e output s i g n a l s a r e applied t o the ACC which u s e s the i n f o r m a t i o n t o
update s p a c e c r a f t velocity d a t a . Continual updating of velocity i n f o r m a t i o n ,
with r e s p e c t t o the i n i t i a l s p a c e c r a f t position and t r a j e c t o r y , e n a b l e s the
AGC t o p r o v i d e c u r r e n t v e l o c i t y , p o s i t i o n , and t r a j e c t o r y i n f o r m a t i o n .
T h e IMU a l s o p r o v i d e s a s p a c e s t a b i l i z e d r e f e r e n c e f o r s p a c e c r a f t
a t t i t u d e s e n s i n g a n d c o n t r o l . Attitude change s e n s i n g i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by
m o n i t o r i n g the s p a c e c r a f t attitude with r e f e r e n c e t o the s t a b l e p l a t f o r m .
R e s o l v e r s a r e mounted at the g i m b a l a x e s t o provide s i g n a l s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
of the g i m b a l a n g l e s . I n e r t i a l CDUs c o n t a i n r e s o l v e r s which r e p e a t the
p l a t f o r m a t t i t u d e . Attitude m o n i t o r i n g i s afforded by c o m p a r i n g the IXlU
r e s o l v e r output s i g n a l s with t h e CDU r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s . If the a n g l e s d i f f e r ,
e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e + g e n e r a t e d and applied t o the s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l s y s -
t e m . If the attitude e r r o r i s l a r g e r t h a n the s e l e c t e d deadband l i m i t s , the
SCS f i r e s the a p p r o p r i a t e RCS e n g i n e s . T h e s p a c e c r a f t is r o t a t e d back t o
t h e i n i t i a l r e f e r e n c e a t t i t u d e and t h e e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e nulled (within
d e a d b a n d limits).
T h e AGC p r o v i d e s a u t o m a t i c e x e c u t i o n of c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s , a u t o -
m a t i c c o n t r o l of ISS and OSS m o d e s , a n d , i n conjunction with the DSKYs,
m a n u a l c o n t r o l of ISS and OSS m o d e s and c o m p u t e r d i s p l a y s . T h e -4GC
- ._-
c o n t a i n s a t w o - p a r t m e m o r y which c o n s i s t s of a l a r g e n o n - e r a s a b l e s e c t i o n
and a s m a l l e r e r a s a b l e section. Non-erasable m e m o r y contains mission
and s y s t e m p r o g r a m s and o t h e r p r e d e t e r m i n e d d a t a which a r e w i r e d i n
d u r i n g a s s e m b l y . D a t a r e a d o u t f r o m t h i s s e c t i o n i s n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e and
cannot be changed d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n . T h e e r a s a b l e s e c t i o n of m e m o r y p r o -
v i d e s f o r d a t a s t o r a g e , r e t r i e v a l , and o p e r a t i o n s upon m e a s u r e d d a t a and
t e l e m e t e r e d information. Data readout f r o m this section i s destructive,
p e r m i t t i n g c h a n g e s i n s t o r e d d a t a t o be m a d e a s d e s i r e d . I n f o r m a t i o n
within t h e m e m o r y m a y be c a l l e d u p f o r d i s p l a y on the two DSKYs. T h e
DSKYs e n a b l e the flight c r e w t o e n t e r d a t a or i n s t r u c t i o n s into t h e AGC,
r e q u e s t d i s p l a y of d a t a f r o m .4GC m e m o r y , and o f f e r an i n t e r r u p t c o n t r o l
of AGC o p e r a t i o n . The AGC t i m i n g s e c t i o n p r o v i d e s t i m i n g s i g n a l s of
v a r i o u s f r e q u e n c i e s f o r i n t e r n a l u s e and t o o t h e r o n b o a r d s y s t e m s which
r e q u i r e a c c u r a t e or s y n c h r o n i z e d t i m i n g . Data within the AGC i s t r a n s -
m i t t e d t o ,MSFN t h r o u g h a "downlink" t e l e m e t r y function. T e l e m e t e r e d
d a t a i s t r a n s m i t t e d a s a function of a n AGC p r o g r a m or b y r e q u e s t f r o m
LMSFN. D a t a within the ACC m a y be updated through a n "uplink" telemetr:;
f u n c t i o n c o n t r o l l e d by M S F N . The XGC p e r f o r m s guidance functions b y
executing internal p r o g r a m s using predetermined trajectory p a r a m e t e r s ,
a t t i t u d e a n g l e s f r o m t h e i n e r t i a l CDUs, velocity c h a n g e s f r o m the PIPAs,
and c o m m a n d s f r o m t h e DSKYs ( c r e w ) t o g e n e r a t e c o n t r o l c o m m a n d s .
T h e navigation f u n c t i o n i s p e r f o r m e d by u s i n g s t o r e d s t a r - l a n d m a r k d a t a ,
o p t i c s a n g l e s f r o m the o p t i c s CDUs, and velocity c h a n g e s f r o m the PIPAS
i n the e x e c u t i o n of navigation p r o g r a m s .
\
NOTES: I. AGC inpuh a d outpub shorn are
pment at variRn times, depcdinp IMU INNER G
upan mode of opemtion, but not POSITION CC
concurrently.
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SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
c
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS D.4T-4
T h e o p t i c s provide a c c u r a t e s t a r and l a n d m a r k a n g u l a r m e a s u r e -
m e n t s . Sightings a r e a c c o m p l i s h e d by the navigator u s i n g the SXT and
SCT. T h e o p t i c s a r e positioned by d r i v e m o t o r s c o m m a n d e d by the o p t i c s
hand c o n t r o l l e r o r manually u s i n g a u n i v e r s a l t o o l , a s d e s i r e d . The shaft
a x e s a r e p a r a l l e l . T r u n n i o n a x e s m a y be o p e r a t e d i n p a r a l l e l o r o f f s e t ,
a s d e s i r e d . T h e S C T is a unity power i n s t r u m e n t providing a n a p p r o x i -
m a t e 6 0 - d e g r e e field of view. I t i s u s e d t o m a k e l a n d m a r k s i g h t i n g s and
t o a c q u i r e and c e n t e r s t a r s o r l a n d m a r k s p r i o r t o S X T u s e . The SXT
p r o v i d e s 28-power m a g n i f i c a t i o n with a 1. 8 - d e g r e e field of view. The
SXT h a s two l i n e s of s i g h t , e n a b l i n g it to m e a s u r e the included angle
between two o b j e c t s . T h i s r e q u i r e s two l i n e s of sight which e n a b l e the
two viewed o b j e c t s t o be s u p e r i m p o s e d . F o r a s t a r - l a n d m a r k s i g h t i n g ,
the l a n d m a r k line of sight i s c e n t e r e d along the S X T s h a f t a x i s . T h e s t a r
i m a g e i s moved t o w a r d t h e l a n d m a r k by r o t a t i n g the shaft and t r u n n i o n
a x e s until the two viewed o b j e c t s a r e s u p e r i m p o s e d . The s h a f t and
t r u n n i o n a n g l e s a r e r e p e a t e d by t h e optic CDUs. When the n a v i g a t o r i s
s a t i s f i e d with i m a g e p o s i t i o n s , he i s s u e s a m a r k c o m m a n d to the -4GC.
T h e -4GC r e a d s the o p t i c s C D U a n g l e s , I M U CDU a n g l e s , and t i m e , and
c o m p u t e s the position of the s p a c e c r a f t . T h e AGC b a s e s the computation
on s t o r e d s t a r and l a n d m a r k d a t a which m a y a l s o be u s e d by the .AGC to
r e q u e s t s p e c i f i c s t a r s o r l a n d m a r k s f o r navigational s i g h t i n g s . Two o r
m o r e s i g h t i n g s , on two o r m o r e d i f f e r e n t s t a r s , m u s t be t a k e n t o p e r f o r m
a c o m p l e t e position d e t e r m i n a t i o n .
2 . 2 . 2. 1 Operational Modes.
T h e G&N s y s t e m i s o p e r a t e d in s i x b a s i c o p e r a t i o n a l m o d e s .
S e l e c t i o n of any one mode i s a c c o m p l i s h e d manual!y b y the flight c r e w o r
a u t o m a t i c a l l y by the ACC. T h e b a s i c m o d e s a r e a s follows:
0 Xlonitor ( i n i t i a t e d by S C S mode s e l e c t i o n )
0 Z e r o encode
0 C o a r s e align
0 Fine align
0 Attitude c o n t r o l
0 Entry
T h e s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o n n e c e s s a r y t o o p e r a t e in an)- of the m o d e s is
e s t a b l i s h e d by r e l a y switching.
C U I D A N C E 4 N D N AV I G =Z TI ON S YS T E 11
--
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 2 . 1. 1 M o n i t o r Mode,
REGISTER 2 - I n e r t i a l velocity i n ft p e r s e c .
SYSTEMS DXT.4
2 . 2. 2 . 1 . 2 Z e r o E n c o d e ;\lode.
2. 2. 2. 1. 3 C o a r s e -Align l l o d e .
T h e c o a r s e a l i g n mode e n a b l e s s t a b l e p l a t f o r m a l i g n m e n t to witb.in
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 d e g r e e s of a d e s i r e d p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n . F r e r e q u i s i t e
i n f o r m a t i o n t o a c c o m p l i s h c o a r s e a l i g n m e n t c o n s i s t s oi the d e s i r e d plattorni
o r i e n t a t i o n and p r e s e n t s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e .
2 , 2 . 2 . 1. 4 F i n e -Align l i o d e
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 2. 1. 5 Attitude C o n t r o l Mode.
F o r d e l t a V m a n e u v e r s , the G & N s y s t e m p r o v i d e s a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l ,
velocity change s e n s i n g , and t o t a l velocity change c o n t r o l by g e n e r a t i n g
t h r u s t t e r m i n a t i o n c o m m a n d s . P r i o r t o t h r u s t i n g , t h e IiMU i s aligned s o t h a t
t h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m X - a x i s i s p a r a l l e l t o the t h r u s t v e c t o r . The XGC d e t e r -
m i n e s t i m e - t o - i g n i t i o n a n d t o t a l velocity change d e s i r e d , and p e r f o r m s mode
v e r i f i c a t i o n r o u t i n e s . At ignition t i m e t h e AGC f l a s h e s the DSKY d i s p l a y s t o
t h e c r e w f o r i n i t i a t i o n of ignition ( m a n u a l DSKY e n t r y is r e q u i r e d ) . During
t h r u s t i n g , t h e CDU a p p l i e s attitude e r r o r s i g n a l s t o the SCS. Roll e r r o r
s i g n a l s a r e a p p l i e d t o t h e RCS e n g i n e s ; h o w e v e r , pitch and ya\v e r r o r s i g n a l s
a r e a p p l i e d t o the S P S engine g i m b a l s r a t h e r t h a n RCS e n g i n e s . T h i s
e n s u r e s a l i g n m e n t of t h e t h r u s t v e c t o r t h r o u g h the s p a c e c r a f t c e n t e r - o f -
g r a v i t y a n d a b n g the c o r r e c t t r a j e c t o r y . The P I P A s on the s t a b l e p l a t f o r m
s e n s e t h e velocity c h a n g e s a n d apply p r o p o r t i o n a l output s i g n a l s t o the -4GC.
The I G C c o m p u t e s and u p d a t e s s p a c e c r a f t velocity, a n d counts down a p r e s e t
c o u n t e r xvith the P I P A s i g n a l s . IVhen the c o u n t e r r e a c h e s z e r o , a t h r u s t
t e r m i n a t i o n s i g n a l i s g e n e r a t e d and a p p l i e d through the S C S e l e c t r o n i c s to
t h e SPS e n g i n e .
2 . 2 . 2 . 1. o Entry.
E n t r y c o n f i g u r a t i o n i s s i m i l a r to a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l lvith the e x c e p t i o n s
t h a t the r o l l r e s p o n s e t i m e i s r e d u c e d , one s t e p of a x i s r e s o l u t i o n i s not
n e e d e d , and the XGC will p r o d u c e s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s to the S C S by d r i v i n g the
r o l l CDU. F r o m i n i t i a t i o n of e n t r y mode until 0. 05G switching, r o l l , pitch,
SYSTEMS DAT-I
The function of t h e i n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m i s t o p r o v i d e a s p a c e - s t a b i l i z e d
i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e f r o m which \.-elocity c h a n g e s and a t t i t u d e c h a n g e s c a n be
s e n s e d . It i s composed of t h e i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t u n i t ( I M U ) , the n a v i g a -
t i o n b a s e ( S B ) , p a r t s of the pon.er and s e r v o a s s e m b l y (PS-A), p a r t s of the
c o n t r o l and display p a n e l s , and t h r e e coupling d i s p l a y u n i t s ( C D U s ) .
2 . 2 . 3. 1 . 1 Sa\-igation Base.
2 . 2. 3. 1. 2 I n e r t i a l M e a s u r e m e n t Unit.
SYSTEMS DATA
The s t a b l e p l a t f o r m p r o v i d e s a s p a c e - r e f e r e n c e d mount f o r t h r e e
PIPAS, which s e n s e velocity c h a n g e s . The P I P A s a r e mounted orthogonally
t o s e n s e t h e velocity c h a n g e s along a l l t h r e e a x e s . Any t r a n s l a t i o n a l f o r c e
e x p e r i e n c e d by t h e s p a c e c r a f t c a u s e s a n a c c e l e r a t i o n o r d e c e l e r a t i o n n7hich
i s s e n s e d by one o r m o r e P I P A s . E a c h P I P A g e n e r a t e s a n output s i g n a l
p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e magnitude a n d d i r e c t i o n of velocity c h a n g e . T h i s s i g n a l ,
in the f o r m of a p u l s e t r a i n , i s a p p l i e d t o the AGC. The AGC will u s e the
s i g n a l t o update the \relocity i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a l s o g e n e r a t e s i g n a l s t o t o r q u e
e a c h P I P A d u c o s y n b a c k t o null.
The b a c k u p t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l a n d i n d i c a t o r c i r c u i t is intended f o r
u s e i n t h e e \ - e n t t h e p r o p o r t i o n a l c o n t r o l fails. The c o n t r o l s e n s i n g e l e m e n t s
f o r t h i s s y s t e m a r e t h r e e PIPA indicating s e n s o r s (connected i n s e r i e s ) and
s i x IRIG s e n s i n g e l e m e n t s ( c o n n e c t e d i n s e r i e s ) in t\vo s e p a r a t e b r i d g e s .
T h i s s y s t e m c a n m a i n t a i n the t e m p e r a t u r e to n.ithin *1 " F . In t h i s mode of
o p e r a t i o n , a n a l a r m i n d i c a t i o n i s not a\railable to the a s t r o n a u t b e c a u s e of
m o d i f i c a t i o n s to the t e m p e r a t u r e a l a r m a m p l i f i e r c i r c u i t .
SYSTEMS DATA
c o m m a n d s CDU m o v e m e n t s by applying d i g i t a l d r i v e c o m m a n d s t o d i g i t a l -
t o - a n a l o g c o n v e r t e r s . The d r i v e s i g n a l s a r e c o n v e r t e d f r o m d i g i t a l t o a n a l o -g
a n d applTed t o CDU m o t o r d r i v e a m p l i f i e r s which position the C b U s . The
1 - s p e e d and 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s function a s r e c e i \ - e r s of s i g n a l s p r o d u c e d b\-
1 - s p e e d and 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s mounted on the IMU. The 1 / 2 - s p e e d
r e s o l v e r s a r e u s e d t o z e r o the CDUs a n d t h e 1 1 4 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s a r e not
u s e d . The r e s o l v e r s provide input s i g n a l s t o s e l e c t o r c i r c u i t s \vhich provide
m o t o r d r i v e s i g n a l s o r s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e e r r o r s i g n a l s , depending upon ISS
m o d e of o p e r a t i o n . The IMU o u t e r g i m b a l 1 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s a r e
a p p l i e d t o the r o l l CDU 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r t o i n c r e a s e r o l l c o n t r o l r a t e s
during entry.
The o p t i c a l s u b s y s t e m is u s e d f o r taking p r e c i s e o p t i c a l s i g h t i n g s on
c e l e s t i a l b o d i e s a n d f o r taking f i x e s on l a n d m a r k s . T h e s e sightings a r e u s e d
f o r aligning t h e IMU a n d f o r d e t e r m i n i n g th’e position of the s p a c e c r a f t . The
s y s t e m i n c l u d e s the navigational b a s e , two of the five CDUs, p a r t s of the
power and s e r v o a s s e m b l y , c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s , a n d the o p t i c s , Ivhich
include the scanning t e l e s c o p e ( S C T ) a n d the s e x t a n t ( S X T ) .
2 . 2 . 3. 2 . 1 Optics.
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 3. 2 . 3 Operational Modes.
MANUAL m o d e e n a b l e s positioning c o n t r o l of t h e o p t i c s by m a n u a l
m a n i p u l a t i o n of the o p t i c s hand c o n t r o l l e r . The hand c o n t r o l l e r is m e c h -
a n i z e d s u c h t h a t , r i g h t - l e f t m o v e m e n t g e n e r a t e s s h a f t c o m m a n d s , and
up-down m o v e m e n t g e n e r a t e s t r u n n i o n c o m m a n d s . Hand c o n t r o l l e r dri\,e
r a t e s a r e s e l e c t e d by t h e p o s i t i o n of t h e CONTROLLER S P E E D sn.itch.
...
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e S C T t r u n n i o n m a y be o p e r a t e d in t h r e e a l t e r n a t e m o d e s , with
r e s p e c t t o the SXT t r u n n i o n , a s d e s i r e d . T h e SL-qVE T E L E S C O P E s w l t c h
e n a b l e s c r e w s e l e c t i o n of ST-AR LOS, L.4KDM-lRK LOS O " , o r O F F S E T
2 5 " . T h e ST-lR LOS position i s n o r m a l l y u s e d I n t h i s position, the SCT
t r u n n i o n i s s l a v e d t o the SXT trunnion. T h e LANDMARK LOS 0 " position,
a p p l i e s a fixed voltage t o t h e S C T t r u n n i o n position loop c a u s i n g i t t o null
a t z e r o . T h i s holds c e n t e r o i the SCT 6 0 " f l e l d of view p a r a l l e l to the
Mission
GU I D -ANC E -lND N XV IG =\TION SY S T E X I
SYSTEMS DATA
SXT l a n d m a r k l i n e of s i g h t . T h e O F F S E T 2 5 " p o s i t i o n a p p l i e s a f i x e d
voltage t o the SCT t r u n n i o n position loop, c a u s i n g it to null a t 25 d e g r e e s
o f f - c e n t e r . T h i s holds t h e S C T field of view s o t h a t the SXT l a n d m a r k line
of s i g h t r e m a i n s v i s i b l e while sweeping t h e SCT s h a f t t h r o u g h 360 d e g r e e s
of r o t a t i o n , providing a n a p p r o x i m a t e 110 - d e g r e e total f i e l d of view,
2 . 2 . 3. 3 Computer Subsystem.
T h i s d a t a i s p r o c e s s e d by v a r i o u s p r o g r a m s to p r o v i d e outputs t o the
c r e w , ISS, OSS, M S F N , and o t h e r s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s in the f o r m of
c o m m a n d s and d i s p l a y s . T h e c o n t r o l functions p e r f o r m e d by the AGC
c o n s i s t of t h e following:
0 Align the I h I U s t a b l e p l a t f o r m .
e P o s i t i o n t h e o p t i c s f o r navigation s i g h t i n g s .
0 C o m m a n d r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m engine f i r i n g s to m a i n t a i n
specific attitude.
0 R e q u e s t initiation and c o m m a n d t e r m i n a t i o n of s e r v i c e
p r o p u l s i o n engine f i r i n g s .
0 P r o v i d e s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n p u l s e s t o the c e n t r a l t i m i n g e q u i p m e n t .
0 C o m m a n d t e l e m e t r y t r a n s m i s s i o n to A l S F N .
0 C o m m a n d ISS moding.
The r e f e r e n c e d a t a u s e d to g e n e r a t e c o n t r o l s m a y be a c q u i r e d e x t e r n a l l y o r
g e n e r a t e d within the ;IGC. I n i t i a t i o n of the c o n t r o l s may be a c c o m p l i s h e d by
the c r e w u s i n g the D S K Y s , by MSFK via t e l e m e t r ) , o r by a n AGC p r o g r a m .
~ ~ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
-
MEYORY
I
I
ERASE- I FIXED
ABLE I
A
PARITY FAIL INHIBIT/ENABLE D O W N L I N K
v
SCS MODES
TELEMETRY
I =,SKY
I LISS
S
MODESa CONTROL
DSKYS (CREW)
ISS MODES
OSS ANGLES
MESC (EVENTS)
INPUT
DATA IN CENTRAL
PROCESSOR 4- OUTPUT
OSS MODES 8 CONTROL
SPS E N G I N E
S-IVB I N S T U N I T - I II
I I F P S A REFERENCE
TIMING (REAL TIME) TO A 1 SECTIONS
TO ALL SECTIONS I
SM-2A-827
Computations a r e p e r f o r m e d t o g e n e r a t e the p r o p e r c o n t r o l c o m m a n d s ,
m a i n t a i n navigation p a r a m e t e r s , and complete v a r i o u s o t h e r o p e r a t i o n s
u n d e r p r o g r a m c o n t r o l . AGC p r o g r a m s a r e s t o r e d in m e m o r y . The
m e m o r y contains two s e c t i o n s , e r a s a b l e and n o n - e r a s a b l e . The e r a s a b l e
s e c t i o n provides s t o r a g e f o r t r a n s i e n t data. Readout i s d e s t r u c t i v e ; t h u s ,
if the d a t a i s to be r e t a i n e d , i t m u s t be w r i t t e n back into m e m o r y .
O t h e r w i s e , the location i s c l e a r e d f o r f u r t h e r u s e a s d e s i r e d . N o n - e r a s a b l e
m e m o r y contains p r o g r a m s , r o u t i n e s , c o n s t a n t s , s t a r and l a n d m a r k c o o r -
d i n a t e s , and o t h e r , p e r t i n e n t d a t a . Readout is non-destructive; t h u s , the
d a t a contained i n this s e c t i o n is not l o s t and cannot be a l t e r e d . AGC p r o -
g r a m s a r e p e r f o r m e d by controlling the flow of data within the six b a s i c
s e c t i o n s l i s t e d a s follows:
a P o w e r supply
0 Input
0 output
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
0 Central processor
Memory
0 Timing
~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~
- SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
C e n t r a l P r o c e s s o r . T h e c e n t r a l p r o c e s s o r c o n t a i n s the logic c i r c u i t s
and r e g i s t e r s which p e r f o r m t h e p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s a r e e x e c u t e d by
p e r f o r m i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s i n a s e q u e n c e c o n t r o l l e d by the sequence g e n e r a -
t o r . T h e r e a r e two b a s i c t y p e s of i n s t r u c t i o n s . T h e f i r s t is the m a c h i n e
i n s t r u c t i o n which c o n s i s t s of r e g u l a r , i n v o l u n t a r y , and m i s c e l l a n e o u s
i n s t r u c t i o n s . R e g u l a r i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e contained within the p r o g r a m and
a r e p a r t of t h e d a t a w o r d s being p r o c e s s e d . Involuntary i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e
p e r f o r m e d a s i n t e r r u p t s to t h e p r o g r a m and a r e g e n e r a t e d e x t e r n a l l y to the
AGC. M i s c e l l a n e o u s i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e u s e d i n t h e c o m p u t e r t e s t only. T h e
s e c o n d b a s i c type of i n s t r u c t i o n is t h e i n t e r p r e t i v e i n s t r u c t i o n s and a r e a
p r o g r a m m e r convenience which a r e c o n v e r t e d u n d e r p r o g r a m c o n t r o l to
m a c h i n e i n s t r u c t i o n s . The e x e c u t i o n of the i n s t r u c t i o n s is a function of
the sequence generator. The sequence generator combines basic timing
p u l s e s with t h e i n s t r u c t i o n p o r t i o n of a d a t a word and p e r f o r m s the p r o g r a m
in the n e c e s s a r y s e q u e n c e . R e g u l a r m a c h i n e i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e p r o c e s s e d
by t h e s e q u e n c e g e n e r a t o r i n i t i a t i o n of the i n s t r u c t i o n . T h e i n s t r u c t i o n
w i l l p e r f o r m one o r m o r e s u b i n s t r u c t i o n , the l a s t of which will be a s u b -
i n s t r u c t i o n to p r o c e e d to the next i n s t r u c t i o n . Involuntary i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e
i n i t i a t e d by an i n t e r r u p t f r o m a n e x t e r n a l s o u r c e , a f t e r which the i n s t r u c -
t i o n i s p e r f o r m e d i n the s a m e m a n n e r a s a r e g u l a r i n s t r u c t i o n . After
c o m p l e t i o n of the i n v o l u n t a r y i n s t r u c t i o n , a " r e s u m e " c o m m a n d i s e x e c u t e d
and the s e q u e n c e g e n e r a t o r r e t u r n s to the p r o g r a m which was i n t e r r u p t e d .
T h e c e n t r a l p r o c e s s o r p e r f o r m s the d a t a manipulation by adding, s u b -
t r a c t i n g , shifting, e t c . , within a g r o u p of c e n t r a l r e g i s t e r s , a d d e r , and
p a r i t y block. T h e f u n c t i o n s of the r e g i s t e r s a r e a s follows:
Input 0 , 1, 2 , 3 R e f e r to Input s e c t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n .
Output 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 R e f e r to Output s e c t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n .
SYSTELIS DATX
S Register C o n t a i n s a d d r e s s of w o r d t o be c a l l e d f r o m
m e m o r y . If w o r d i s i n fixed m e m o r y , t h i s
s e l e c t s w o r d i n conjunction with B-ANK
register.
X , Y, U Registers T h e s e r e g i s t e r s f o r m t h e a d d e r . Two n u m b e r s
t o be added a r e p l a c e d i n X and Y. T h e r e s u l t
i s s t o r e d i n U.
l l e m o r y . T h e XGC m e m o r y c o n s i s t s of two s e c t i o n s . T h e l a r g e s t s e c t i o n
i s t h e f i s e d m e m o r y . T h i s is a r o p e c o r e type having a capability oi
2 4 , 5 7 6 s i x t e e n bit w o r d s . Readout is n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e and the d a t a c o n -
t a i n e d cannot be changed. All p e r m a n e n t , p r e - d e t e r m i n e d d a t a , s u c h a s
p r o g r a m s , t a b l e s , c o n s t a n t s , s t a r and l a n d m a r k a n g l e s , e t c . , a r e
contained i n t h i s s e c t i o n . +Addressing the d a t a contained i n the iixed
-.-
SYSTEMS DATA
s e c t i o n i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by t h e S and BANK r e g i s t e r s . A s m a l l e r e r a s a b l e
section provides t e m p o r a r y storage f o r transient data. E r a s a b l e m e m o r y
i s a c o i n c i d e n t - c u r r e n t c o r e a r r a y with a c a p a c i t y of 1024 s i x t e e n bit w o r d s .
R e a d o u t i s d e s t r u c t i v e , s o i f d a t a i s t o be r e t a i n e d , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to w r i t e
t h e d a t a back i n t o the l o c a t i o n when i t i s r e a d out. A d d r e s s i n g the d a t a
c o n t a i n e d i n e r a s a b l e m e m o r y is done by the S r e g i s t e r .
T i m i n g . T h e t i m i n g s e c t i o n g e n e r a t e s t h e s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n p u l s e s f o r AGC
o p e r a t i o n s and t i m i n g p u l s e s f o r o t h e r s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s . T h e t i m i n g
s e c t i o n i s divided i n t o the following functional g r o u p s :
S c a l e r s A and B S c a l e r A c o n t a i n s 17 b i n a r y d i v i d e r s p r o -
ducing s i g n a l s of v a r i o u s f r e q u e n c i e s u s e d
within t h e AGC logic, a s r e f e r e n c e to the
PSA, and t o d r i v e S c a l e r R. S c a l e r B
c o n t a i n s 16 b i n a r y d i v i d e r s producing
t i m i n g s i g n a l s t o the Input 1 r e g i s t e r f o r
m a i n t a i n i n g r e a l t i m e when the AGC i s i n
standby.
S c a l e r s A and B a r e u s e d in conjunction
with the Input 0 r e g i s t e r , TIME 1 , and
TIiME 2 c o u n t e r s to provide r e a l t i m e .
--
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 3. 3. 2 Display and K e y b o a r d .
Changing M a j o r LMode-The i n i t i a t i o n of l a r g e s c a l e m i s s i o n p h a s e s
c a n be c o m m a n d e d b y the o p e r a t o r .
SYSTEMS DATA
I
LOWER EQUIPMENT BAY
DSKY
SYSTEMS DATA
of t h e s e i s r e p r e s e n t e d by a t w o - c h a r a c t e r o c t a l n u m b e r . The v e r b code
i n d i c a t e s what a c t i o n i s t o b e t a k e n ( o p e r a t i o n ) ; t h e noun code i n d i c a t e s to
what a c t i o n i s a p p l i e d ( o p e r a n d ) . T y p i c a l v e r b s a r e t h o s e f o r displaying and
loading. Nouns u s u a l l y r e f e r t o a g r o u p of e r a s a b l e r e g i s t e r s within the
c o m p u t e r m e m o r y . The PROGRAM, VERB, and NOUN d i s p l a y s provide
two digit n u m b e r s which a r e coded o c t a l n u m b e r s d e s c r i b i n g the a c t i o n
being p e r f o r m e d . The REGISTER 1 , 2 , and 3 d i s p l a y s provide d i s p l a y of
t h e c o n t e n t s of r e g i s t e r s o r m e m o r y l o c a t i o n s . T h e s e d i s p l a y s a r e
n u m b e r s which a r e r e a d a s d e c i m a l n u m b e r s if a s i g n ( t , - ) i s p r e s e n t a n d
o c t a l n u m b e r s i f no s i g n i s u s e d . The REGISTER d i s p l a y s o p e r a t e u n d e r
p r o g r a m c o n t r o l u n l e s s the c o n t e n t s of a s p e c i f i c r e g i s t e r o r m e m o r y
l o c a t i o n i s d e s i r e d . The c r e w m a y r e q u e s t d i s p l a y of the c o n t e n t s of a
s p e c i f i c r e g i s t e r o r m e m o r y l o c a t i o n by commanding the d i s p l a y f r o m the
k e y b o a r d . The only o t h e r d i s p l a y s a r e the ACTIVITY lights \rhich i n d i c a t e
w h e t h e r the c o m p u t e r i s computing o r a c c e p t i n g t e l e m e t r y f r o m M S F N .
T h e k e y b o a r d p r o v i d e s 18 k e y s which, when p r e s s e d , g e n e r a t e a
five bit s i g n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e key p r e s s e d . The +, - , and 0-9 k e \ s
a r e u s e d f o r n u m e r i c a l e n t r i e s , while the C L E A R , E N T E R , VERB, N O L " ,
KEY RELEASE, and ERROR R E S E T k e y s provide i n s t r u c t i o n s The TEST
ALARM key is w i r e d t o t h e a l a r m r e l a y s and p r o v i d e s a check of the
w a r n i n g i n d i c a t o r lights with the e x c e p t i o n of SCALER F-IIL. The m a i n
d i s p l a y console DSKY U P T E L s w i t c h e n a b l e s o r inhibits the a c c e p t a n c e
of t e l e m e t r y f r o m M S F N . T h e function of e a c h of t h e k e y s i s a s follows:
0-9 E n t e r n u m e r i c a l d a t a , a d d r e s s e s , and
action codes.
ENTER I n s t r u c t s -4GC t o a c c e p t k e y e d - i n d a t a a s
c o m p l e t e d and i n i t i a t e o p e r a t i o n s p e c i i i e d
by d a t a w o r d .
C LE .AR E n t e r s a l l z e r o s i n d a t a r e g i s t e r being
loaded. E a c h s u c c e s s i v e p r e s s i n g of t h i s
key c l e a r s the next h i g h e r r e g i s t e r .
ERROR R E S E T M o m e n t a r i l y r e s e t s .AGC f a i l u r e l i g h t s
T E S T ALARM S e t s r e l a y s to i l l u m i n a t e L E B DSKY c o n -
d i t i o n lights ( e x c e p t SCALER F A I L ) t o
e n s u r e p r o p e r o p e r a t i o n . ( L E B DSKY
only. )
BRIGHTNESS P r o v i d e s c o n t r o l of i n t e n s i t y of e l e c t r o -
luminescent displays.
COUNTER F A I L D e t e c t e d f a i l u r e i n input t i m i n g p u l s e s .
E i t h e r interrupt o r circuitry failed. I n t e r -
r u p t f a i l u r e i s denoted by R U P T LOCK
failure indicator illumination.
R U P T LOCK I n t e r r u p t f a i l e d t o o c c u r o r w a s not c o m -
p l e t e d within s p e c i f i e d t i m e .
TC TRAP T r a n s f e r c o n t r o l i n s t r u c t i o n h a s not o c c u r r e d ,
o r h a s o c c u r r e d but w a s not c o m p l e t e d within
a specified time.
PARITY F A I L P a r i t y f a i l u r e d e t e c t e d in d a t a r e a d f r o m
memory.
TM FAIL T e l e m e t r y w o r d r a t e to M S F N e i t h e r too
high o r too low. T e l e m e t r y word r a t e f r o m
MSFN too high o r i n c o r r e c t t r a n s m i s s i o n
of d a t a .
CHECK F A I L A t t e m p t e d i l l e g a l DSKY o p e r a t i o n . N o r m a l l y
operator e r r o r .
~~
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e f o r the e x e c u t i o n of k e y b o a r d o p e r a t i o n s
c o n s i s t s of a s e q u e n c e of s e v e n key d e p r e s s i o n s : m0
VERB V2 Vi NOUN N2 N1 ENTER
If the s e l e c t e d v e r b - n o u n c o m b i n a t i o n r e q u i r e s d a t a to be loaded by
the o p e r a t o r , the VERB and NOUN lights s t a r t f l a s h i n g on a n d off (about
once p e r s e c o n d ) a f t e r the ENTER key i s p r e s s e d . D a t a i s loaded i n f i v e -
c h a r a c t e r w o r d s and, a s i t is keyed i n , i t i s d i s p l a y e d c h a r a c t e r - b y -
c h a r a c t e r i n one of the f i v e - p o s i t i o n d a t a d i s p l a y r e g i s t e r s , REGISTER 1 ,
REGISTER 2, o r REGISTER 3. N u m e r i c a l d a t a i s a s s u m e d t o be o c t a l
u n l e s s the f i v e - c h a r a c t e r d a t a word i s p r e c e d e d by a plus o r m i n u s s i g n ,
i n whictr c a s e i t i s c o n s i d e r e d t o be d e c i m a l . D e c i m a l d a t a m u s t be loaded
i n full f i v e - n u m e r a l c h a r a c t e r w o r d s ( n o z e r o s m a y be left o u t ) ; o c t a l d a t a
m a y be loaded with high o r d e r z e r o s left o u t . If d e c i m a l i s u s e d f o r an);
component of a m u l t i c o m p o n e n t load v e r b , i t m u s t be u s e d f o r a l l c o m -
ponents of t h a t v e r b . I n o t h e r w o r d s , no m i x i n g of o c t a l and d e c i m a l d a t a
i s p e r m i t t e d f o r d i f f e r e n t c o m p o n e n t s of the s a m e load v e r b . T h e ENTER
key m u s t be p r e s s e d a f t e r e a c h d a t a w o r d . T h i s t e l l s the p r o g r a m t h a t the
n u m e r i c a l word being keyed i n i s c o m p l e t e . T h e on-off f l a s h i n g of the
VERB-NOUN lights t e r m i n a t e s a f t e r t h e l a s t ENTER key a c t u a t i o n of a
loading s e q u e n c e .
.-
Mission
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEXI
T h e DSKY c a n a l s o be u s e d by i n t e r n a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s f o r
s u b r o u t i n e s . H o w e v e r , any o p e r a t o r k e y b o a r d a c t i o n ( e x c e p t ERROR
R E S E T ) i n h i b i t s DSKY u s e by i n t e r n a l r o u t i n e s . T h e o p e r a t o r r e t a i n s
c o n t r o l of the DSKY until he w i s h e s t o r e l e a s e i t . T h u s , he is a s s u r e d
t h a t the d a t a he w i s h e s t o o b s e r v e will not be r e p l a c e d by i n t e r n a l l y
i n i t i a t e d d a t a d i s p l a y s . I n g e n e r a l , i t is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t the o p e r a t o r
r e l e a s e the DSKY f o r i n t e r n a l u s e when he h a s t e m p o r a r i l y finished with
i t . T h i s i s dbne by p r e s s i n g t h e KEY RELEASE k e y .
-4 v e r b code i n d i c a t e s what a c t i o n is t o be t a k e n . It a l s o d e t e r m i n e s
which component m e m b e r of the noun g r o u p is t o be a c t e d upon. F o r
SYSTEMS DATA
e x a m p l e , t h e r e a r e five d i f f e r e n t load v e r b s . V e r b 2 1 i s r e q u i r e d f o r
loading the f i r s t component of the s e l e c t e d noun; v e r b 2 2 l o a d s the second
component; v e r b 2 3 l o a d s the t h i r d component; v e r b 2 4 loads the f i r s t and
s e c o n d component; and v e r b 2 5 loads a l l t h r e e c o m p o n e n t s . A s i m i l a r
component f o r m a t i s u s e d i n the d i s p l a y and m o n i t o r v e r b s . T h e r e a r e two
g e n e r a l c l a s s e s of v e r b s : s t a n d a r d and extended. T h e s t a n d a r d v e r b s
( c o d e s 01 through 37) d e a l m a i n l y with loading, d i s p l a y i n g , and m o n i t o r i n g
d a t a . T h e extended v e r b s ( c o d e s 40 through 7 7 ) a r e p r i n c i p a l l y c o n c e r n e d
with calling u p i n t e r n a l p r o g r a m s whose function i s s y s t e m t e s t i n g and
operation.
T h e + and - k e y s a r e a c c e p t e d p r i o r to i n s e r t i n g the f i r s t n u m e r i c a l
c h a r a c t e r of REGISTER 1, REGISTER 2 , o r REGISTER 3; if keyed in a t
any o t h e r t i m e , the s i g n s a r e r e j e c t e d . If the 8 o r 9 key i s a c t u a t e d a t
any t i m e o t h e r than while loading a d a t a w o r d p r e c e d e d by a - o r - s i g n ,
i t i s r e j e c t e d and the CHECK F A I L light goes on.
e ' l l a c h i n e - 4 d d r e s s to be S p e c i f i e d - T h e r ei s a c l a s s of nouns
available t o allow any m a c h i n e a d d r e s s to be u s e d ; t h e s e a r e
called " m a c h i n e a d d r e s s to be specified" nouns. When the
"EIYTER", which c a u s e s the v e r b - n o u n combination to be
e x e c u t e d , s e n s e s a noun of t h i s type the f l a s h i s i m m e d i a t e l y
t u r n e d on. T h e v e r b code i s left unchanged. The o p e r a t o r
should load the c o m p l e t e m a c h i n e a d d r e s s of i n t e r e s t (fitFe-
c h a r a c t e r o c t a l ) . T h i s is d i s p l a y e d i n REGISTER 3 a s i t i s
keyed in. If a n e r r o r i s m a d e in loading the a d d r e s s , the
CLEAR key m a y be u s e d t o r e m o v e i t . P r e s s i n g the E N T E R
key c a u s e s e x e c u t i o n of the v e r b to continue.
~~
---
SYSTEMS DATA
-
Verb
-
Code Description Remarks
won
V e r b c o d e s 01 t h r o u g h 37 d e n o t e
standard verbs.
01 D i s p l a y 1 s t c o m p o n e n t of P e r f o r m s o c t a l d i s p l a y of d a t a on REGISTER I .
02 D i s p l a y 2nd c o m p o n e n t of P e r f o r m s o c t a l d i s p l a y of d a t a on REGISTER 1
03 D i s p l a y 3 r d c o m p o n e n t of P e r f o r m s o c t a l d i s p l a y of d a t a on REGISTER I
13 M o n i t o r 3 r d c o m p o n e n t of P e r f o r m s o c t a l d i s p l a y of u p d a t e d d a t a e v e r y 112 s e c o n d on REGISTER I
SYSTEMS DATA
-
\'e r b
Code Description Remarks
76 (Spare)
27 (Sparel
30 (Spare)
3'2 ( S p ar e )
34 T e r i n i na te I n f o r m s r o u t i n e r e q u e s t i n g d a t a t o be l o a d e d t h a t t h e o p e r a t o r c h o o s e s not t o l o a d
i r e s h d a t a and w i s h e s the routine t o t e r m i n a t e F i n a l d e c i s i o n f o r what a c t i o n s h o u l d
be t a k e n i s left to r e q u e s t i n g r o u t i n e If m o n i t o r i s o n , I! 1s t u r n e d o t f
35 (Spare)
NOTI
V e r b c o d e s 40 t h r o u g h 7 7 d e n o t e
extended verbs.
Verb
Code Description Remarks
47 (Spare)
55 Align t i m e
56 P e r f o r m BANK s u m
57 S y s t e m t e s t ( U s e d only
during ground checkout.)
60 P r e p a r e for s t a n d b y
61 R e c o v e r f r o m s tandb) --
62 (Spar e )
63 (Spare)
64 Calculate orbital
parameters
65 C a l c u l a t e t i m e of a r r i v a l
a t longitude
bb C a l c u l a t e l a t i t u d e and
longitude a t s p e c i f i e d t i m e
67 Calculate maximum
d e c l i n a t i o n and t i m e of
arrival
70 ( 5pa r e )
71 (Spare)
72 (Sparel
73 R e t u r n to E a r t h a i m
point u p d a t e
74 O r b i t c h a n g e a i m point
update
75 h l a n u a l lift-oif for t l i g h t s
70 R . V . T . update ( s t a t e R V T d e n o t e s p o s i t i o n . v e l o c i t v . and t i m e
vector)
77 (Spare)
Mission B a s i c Date
GUID-iNCE AND S-AVIGATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
-
NOL No1
-
coc De s c r i ption Scale /Units c
- 01 Description
X = significant 21 Delta a n g l e s 1.
digit X-REGISTER 1 XXX XX d e g r e e s
0 = zero Y-REGISTER 2 XXX XX d e g r e e s
(always) 2-REGISTER 3 XXX XX d e g r e e s
B = blank.
24 Delta t i m e f o r ACC clock:
01 Specify m a c h i n e a d d r e s s xxxxx REGISTER I OOXXX h o u r s
REGISTER 2 OOOXX. m i n u t e s
02 Specify m a c h i n e a d d r e s s xxxxx. REGISTER 3 OXX XX s e c o n d s
No UI: Noun
-
Code
31
~ _ _
Deac ription
_
F a i l u r e regiater code
_ _ ~
S c a l e 1Unit I
-
Code Description Scale /Units
43 P e r i g e e altitude
REGISTER I XXXX. X nautical
lloTl miles
E r r o r c o d e s a r e defined O c t a l only
Apogee a l t i t u d e
in paragraph 2 . 2 . 2 . 3 . 3 .
REGISTER 2 XXXX. X n a u t i c a l
miles
Self-teat diagnosis
REGISTER 2 O c t a l only
Free-fall time XXBXX. minutes
REGISTER 3 I e conds
Self-test diagnosis
REGISTER 3 O c t a l only Latitude
44
REGISTER 1 X X X .X X d e g r e e s
32 D e c i s i o n t i m e ( U s e d only d u r i n g
ground checkout. ) Longitude
REGISTER 2 X X X .XX d e g r e e s
33 Ephemeris time (Used onlydurin
ground checkout. ) Altitude (Above m e a n e q u a t o r i a l
radius.)
34 Event time REGISTER 3 X X X X .X n a u t i c a l
REGISTER 1 OOXXX. h o u r s miles
REGISTER 2 OOOXX. m i n u t e s
REGISTER 3 OXX. XX s e c o n d s 45 Perigee altitude XXXX. X d e g r e e s
REGISTER 1
35 Delta e v e n t t i m e :
REGISTER I OOXXX. h o u r s Apogee a l t i t u d e
REGISTER 2 OOOXX. m i n u t e s REGISTER 2 XXXX. X d e g r e e s
REGISTER 3 OXX. X X s e c o n d s
Delta v e l o c i t y r e q u i r e d
36 Delta event t i m e (Display only. ) XXBXX. minutes, REGISTER 3 XXXXX. ftisec
seconds -..
46 r i m e to event
37 (Spare) REGISTER 1 XXBXX. minutes.
seconds
40 G a m m a ( I n e r t i a l flight path
angle. ) Velocity t o be gained
REGISTER 1 XXX. X X d e g r e e s REGISTER 2
SYSTE,MS D A T A
-
Noun Noui
Code Description Scale /Units Codc Description
-
52 rime to e v e n t 63 Latitude
REGlSTER I XXBXX. m i n u t e s REGISTER I XX. XXX d e g r e e s
seconds
Longitude12
i e l o c i t y t o b e gained
REGISTER 2 XX. XXX d e g r e e s
REGISTER 2 XXXXX. f t l s e c
Altitude
'ree-fall time .
REGISTER 3 XXX. XX n a u t i c a l
REGISTER 3 XXBXX. m i n u t e s
miles
seconds
.laximum acceleration 64 (Spare)
REGISTER 1 xxxx. x g's
65 Sampled time (Fetched in
Tree-fall t i m e interrupt. )
REGISTER 2 XXBXX. m i n u t e s REGISTER 1 OOXXX. h o u r s
seconds REGISTER 2 OOOXX. m i n u t e s
REGISTER 3 OXX. XX s e c o n d s
:ommanded r o l l angle
REGISTER 1 XXX. XX d e g r e e s 66 Svstem t e s t r e s u l t s (Used only
d u r i n g ground checkout. )
're3ent acceleration
REGISTER 2 XXXX. x g ' s 67 Delta g y r o angles: ( U s e d only
Note during ground checkout. )
Noun c o d e s 55 t h r o u g h K -1RIG
7 7 d e n o t e m i x e d nouns REGISTER 1 XX. XXX d e g r e e s
55 )CDEs:
X (Shaft a n g l e s )
Y -1RIG
REGISTER 1 REGISTER 2 XX. XXX d e g r e e s
XXX. XX d e g r e e s
Y (Trunnion angles) 2-IRIG
REGISTER 2 XX. XXX d e g r e e s REGISTER 3 XX. XXX d e g r e e s
GUIDASCE A X D NAVIGATION S Y S T E M
hlission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change D a t e Page 2.2-35
SMZA-03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
F i n a l e n t r y of a load s e q u e n c e
0 E n t r y of v e r b “ p r o c e e d without d a t a ” ( 3 3 )
0 E n t r y of v e r b “ t e r m i n a t e ” ( 3 4 ) .
2.2. 3 . 3 . 3 E r r o r Codes.
OSS E r r o r s
LSS E r r o r s
P r o c e d u r a l Difficulties
SYSTEMS DATA
AGC H a r d w a r e Malfunctions
01101 Unused i n t e r r u p t ( R U P T 2 ) o c c u r r e d
01102 AGC s e l f - t e s t e r r o r .
01103 Unused count, c o m p a r e , a n d s k i p ( C C S ) b r a n c h e x e c u t e d .
01104 C - r e l a y failed during C-relay test.
01105 Star search failure,
01106 IMU o r i e n t a t i o n no good f o r e n t r y .
L i s t Overflo\vs
01201 E x e c u t i v e overflow-no v a c a n t a r e a s . :
01202 E x e c u t i v e overfloLv-no c o r e s e t s . ::
01203 Waitlist o v e r f l o w - t o o m a n y t a s k s . :k
01204 S a m e a s 01203. ::
01205 M a s t e r c o n t r o l overflow-too many j o b s waiting. ::
01206 DSKY waiting line overflo\v. +
01207 N o v a c a n t a r e a f o r marks.:::
01210 Something a l r e a d y waiting i n IMU s t a l l . :::
Interpreter E r r o r s
Display A l a r m s
01401 VG i n c r e a s i n g - l o s s of c o n t r o l .
01402 Delta V too low-engine not on.
DSKY P r o g r a m E r r o r s
--
SYSTEMS DATA
Program Contains
Number Title Routines
00 AGC Idling
01 P r e l a u n c h In it iali za t i o n
02 Gyro Compassing
04 Inertial Reference
05 G&N Startup
06 G & N P o w e r Down
07 S y s t e m s T e s t ( L i m i t e d in-flight u s e . )
11 P re - L E T Jettison
12 . P o s t - L E T Jettison R 24, R 34
17 L E T Abort
23 S t a r / L a n d m a r k Navigation M e a s u r e m e n t
21 Ground T r a c k Determination
27 AGC Update
31 O r b i t Change ( P r e t h r u s t ) R 1, R 21, R 35
32 R e t u r n to E a r t h ( P r e t h r u s t ) R 1 , R 21, R 36
51 IMU O r i e n t a t i o n D e t e r m i n a t i o n R 27, R 29
54 I M U R ea1ignment R 27, R 2 9 , R 30
62 CM/SiM S e p a r a t i o n And P r e - E n t r y R 3, R 21
iManeuver
63 Initialization
64 P o s t 0.05G
67 Final Phase
Routine Contains
Number Title Routines
2 T h r u s t C o n t r o l Mode Check R 1 , R 2 1 , R 22
3 E n t r y C o n t r o l Mode Check R 22
Attitude M a n e u v e r
22 SCS D i s c r e t e Monitor
~~ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
Routine Contains
Number Title Routines
25 C o a r s e Alignment
27 Sighting M a r k
28. Auto O p t i c s P o s i t i o n i n g
29 S t a r Data T e s t
30 Gyro Torquing
31 Backup Delta V C o u n t e r
34 O r b i t P a r a m e t e r Display
36 P r e t h r u s t R e t u r n to E a r t h Data Load
37 S P S Engine Ignition R 38
38 SPS Engine T h r u s t F a i l
2 . 2 . 5.1 S /C Attitude.
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 5. 2 IMU O p e r a t i o n .
2.2.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
An a s t e r i s k (:::) by t h e m e a s u r e m e n t n u m b e r d e n o t e s i n f o r m a t i o n n h i c h
i s not a v a i l a b l e f o r r e c o r d i n g o r t e l e m e t r y t r a n s m i s s i o n d u r i n g PCiLI lo\\
bit r a t e operation.
No m i na 1
hleasurement Sensor Operating
Number Descrlption Range Range C r e w Display
SYSTEMS DATA
Nominal
Measurement Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
SYSTEMS DATA
Nominal
Measurement Sensor Ope r a t i n g
Number Description Range Range
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~
Nomina 1
Measurement Sensor Ope r a t i n g
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
Mission
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM
B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page
.
2-2-34
SiM2A - 0 3 - SC 0 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
Nominal
Measurement Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
AGC-operate C B 57 a n d 56 115. 0 w a t t s ( d c )
standby
s AGC Mode Switch 15. 0 w a t t s ( d c )
._--
SYSTEMS DATA
IMU
IMU
s i n AIG l X ,
c o s AIG l X ,
G&N I P r o v i d e s total attitude s i g n a l s to the SCS.
IMU s i n AMG l X ,
IMU C O S AMG l X ,
IMU s i n AOG l X , and
IMU c o s AOG 1X
1 1 5v 400 c p s I EPS
II P r o v i d e s power f o r a l l G&N s y s t e m 6-volt l a m p s
SYSTEMS DATA
~~
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 3
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION.
Telecommunications System ( T / C )
P r o v i d e s c l o c k r e f e r e n c e f r e q u e n c y f o r m e a s u r e m e n t of changes in
S / C velocity
0 E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r S y s t e m (EPS)
P r o v i d e s p r i m a r y power f o r SCS o p e r a t i o n
E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n t r o l S y s t e m (ECS)
T r a n s f e r s h e a t f r o m SCS e l e c t r o n i c s
--
SYSTEMS DATA
TELEMETRY MEASUREMENTS
T/C 4
I
t
ATTITUDE ERRORS
. GUIDANCE
S P S ON-OFF
AND
NAVIGATION
SYSTEM SPS THRUST O N - ~ F F
TOTAL
ATTITUDE
n
DISPLAY
CONSOLE ‘SWITCH
DISPLAY AND
COMMANDS
O
STABILIZATION
AND
CONTROL
SYSTEM
n RCS AUTO ON-OFF
PRIMARY
CONTROL
COMMANDS
SM-2A-676D
SYSTEMS DATA
P r o v i d e s a b o r t switching function
P r o v i d e s attitude e r r o r s i g n a l s
0 P r o p u l s i o n S y s t e m s (SPS, RCS).
The s e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m g e n e r a t e s i n t e r n a l f o r c e s f o r l a r g e
velocity changes
The r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m g e n e r a t e s the i n t e r n a l f o r c e s r e q u i r e d
f o r rotation, a n d t r a n s l a t i o n .
2.3.2. 1 C o n t r o l Capabilities.
Mission
STABILIZATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM
B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page
. 7. 3-3
SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 3. 2. 3 Subsystems.
The a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e , a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , and t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l
s u b s y s t e m s a r e d e s c r i b e d in t h e following p a r a g r a p h s . The d e s c r i p t i o n
c o v e r s t h e p u r p o s e and functions of e a c h s u b s y s t e m , and the i n t e g r a t e d
a s s o c i a t i o n with o t h e r s y s t e m s . F i g u r e s 2 . 3 - 3 and 2 . 3 - 4 , provide s i m p l i -
f i e d block, a n d flow d i a g r a m s of the t h r e e s u b s y s t e m s and f i g u r e 2. 3-5
s h o w s the switching logic a n d functions which a f f e c t the t h r e e s u b s y s t e m s .
2.3. 2 . 3. 1 Attitude R e f e r e n c e S u b s y s t e m .
The p u r p o s e of t h e a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e s u b s y s t e m ( f i g u r e s 2. 3 - 4 and
2. 3-5) is to r e l a t e t h e S I C a t t i t u d e in t e r m s of i t s g e o m e t r i c X, Y, and Z
c o o r d i n a t e s y s t e m to a n a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n c o o r d i n a t e s y s t e m with a fixed
r e f e r e n c e f r a m e . The r e l a t i o n between t h e two c o o r d i n a t e s y s t e m s r e p r e -
s e n t s i n e r t i a l a t t i t u d e and is p r e s e n t e d t o the a s t r o n a u t s by v i s u a l d i s p l a y .
V i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n of i n e r t i a l a t t i t u d e is n e c e s s a r y to p e r f o r m m a n u a l
m a n e u v e r s o r f o r m o n i t o r i n g a u t o m a t i c o p e r a t i o n s . The flight d i r e c t o r
a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r (FDAI), l o c a t e d on the S I C m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e , d i s p l a y s
t h e i n f o r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d f o r t h e m a n u a l a n d a u t o m a t i c o p e r a t i o n s . The
i n f o r m a t i o n d i s p l a y e d i n c l u d e s S / C t o t a l attitude, attitude e r r o r in t h r e e
a x e s , a n d r o t a t i o n a l r a t e s in t h r e e a x e s . The i n f o r m a t i o n d i s p l a y e d by the
FDAI is obtained f r o m e i t h e r the G&N s y s t e m o r the SCS.
~~ ~ ~~ ~
Mission
STABILIZATION AND C.0NT.RQL SYSTEM
B a s i c Date l 2
I t
RESOLVER XMITTER
I
RESOLVER
CONTROL
ERROR
I
I I
I
I I
II I
I I
I
I
I
I
qs#z~=
I
I
ERROR
I
RESOLVER XMITTER I RESOLVER
CONTROL
I
I
I
I
I CONTROL
LOGIC
cP.
+
4
A
u
1
IMU/CDU R&
EULER ATTITUDE SET, AGCU
ERROR EUiER RESOLVER COMPARISON
RESOLVER XMliTER RESOLVER ERROR
I ~.
CONTROL 1 :.ED
I I J
MODES, l N
I MODES
AECA
I ____1
I
I
I
I NAV
AXES
ATTI'TUDE
SET
NAV
AXES
I I TORQUING NAv
AXES
ATTITUDE
ERROR
TOTAL
- 1 ERROR
ATTITUDE
,+
EULER 7 S/C C O M M A N D ATTITUDE ERROR J
ERROR
I MCKUP PATE
~ S ~
RESOLVER XMITTER
Z
I
~ E R
ERROR 1 CONTRC4
MODES
BREAKOUT
1
I
L
,,
FDAl I 1I SCS CONTROL
I AGAA
COMMANDS
IMU
+
INERTIAL
CDU
ERROR A N D
' C O M M N DRATE '
IMU/CDU RESCXVER
1
COMPARISON
I
CLOSED I
P]I
L G6N CONTROL
MODES
I
INERTIAL ROLL, ROTATION d
I
I
I
I A G M 1- ERRORS
f
D/AGMEU #-I CONDITIONED
ATTITUDE ERRORS
PITCH,
AND
YAW
ECA'S
C O M M N D S TO
A U l O COILS
TRANS I RCS
TOTb
I
ATTITUDE
I SWITCHING
-,I[ S/C ROTATIONAL
I LOGIC
SIGNALS
I SWITCHING LOGIC
I SCS CONTROL
PANEL
I
I
I ROTATION
PROPORTIONAL
ROTATION INPUTS
f
CDU ATTITUDE ERROR
I
I
I
I
1 I
I
CONTROL OUTPUT F O R SEP a L A G E
+ MESC ULvIG'
rG
SCS CONTROL
PANEL
I I A V
INDICATOR 1 DIRECT ULLAGE TO DIRECT COILS
' NDS
I ATTITUDE CONTROL SUBSSYSTEM
. I. .
Miss:
SMZA -03-sc012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
I L O G I C INPUT
--c
i
-GLN INPUTS
I A UX
ECA
4
I I
I
I
I
ROTATION &
TRANS
C O W N D S TO
Am0 COILS
RCS
I
I
I
I
-1
I
I . 2
SWITCHING
LOGIC
II
I KSCONTROL
PANEL
-
SIGNALS I
I
I -
SPS G I M M L
POSITION
I
I t
GP I SPS G I M M L
I
+TO ROLL SOLENOIDS
I
I POSITION TRIM RCS
I -
I ROLL
I
=--t
S/C ROTATIONAL PiTcn
I YAW
I ECA'S
I IRANUATION
COWNDS
RATE FEEDBACK
-
I TRANSLATION CONTROL
AND MTE
#)SITION
REDIUCK I
I
I I I
I
I MG ciwcn
CONTROL
I
I THRaT MCTOR CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
SM-2A-9358
~ ~ r p o G
u( x ~
~ , ---...-
---
* -
-
-
a- -.
..)
- .
I + - 1
I
1
i
I
I
I
E V L E R TO
I -b
N A V AXES
CONV I
I I I
I
I I
I C d STEPPfR
- -
-1
MOTOR
CONTROL MOTOR
I KI
LOGIC
0. STEPPER I -
I ORBIT
UTE
MOTOR
A I
I 7 - tI tI * !’
e AMPLIFIER
- 8 I
I
1 NAY70 * I
TORQUER
. EUER
:
AND t
I -GATE
ASSY
I
I+ LEML
DETECTOR
I I
L
CON-
I
I ORMTAL I I I
I SOURCE I
I
I I
I
I I *- NAV TC
I M)DY
AXES
CONV
I
Ill
I I
I TOTAL ANGLE
GENEUTION
--
I
Q
I
ESOLM SIN
OUT PITCH
CH4IOIH
EESOLVER COS REESOLMR SIN RESOLMI cos
I
-I +I2
OUT PITCH A l l om YAW A n OUT YAW A l l OUT ROLL A l l OUT ROLL A l l
-IU+12
I
I
I
I
1
I
I ' AGCU
I I
I
ALIGN
I K6
NAV TO 1
I * BODY I
AXES
I CWV 1
AGCU f
P / v ERR
I I R G6N ERWAGCU INH
Y ERR GLN 90DY
P Ght4 ERR
K7 ::
GIN
?, Y ERR
S.F.
: K8 Kd !iKO KB
J !I I I
t
r
1 I I I I
I 1
-
:%;
+* c K4
* N A V TO
BODY AXES
CONV
GYRO
TOROUER
AMPLIFIERS
0 5
I
a b AGCU
CAGED
C I A
::KIO
I
R
- A0
P, Y
snl RT
K10 c *
4
DODY TO 4
NAVAXES 4bt PRE-
AMPLIFIEOS +
KIIA
1
IKlIA
KII
RTOUT
MTVC
K l ID
AMRIACATION AMRIFICATION
U - 1
a d T 1 - -/TI
.-
R E S O l W3
ROU, mcn
ATTlTUDf
AND YAW
K X L , PITCH A N D
YAW UTES OR
MlES I
I
.... .;. _ ~ . .- ..,. *
' .,
..... -
1
. . . I - I . _ _ . *
, _ . I
--
1
I
I
*;;Ut
K4
I I
I .
1
QQ
UGEO
i
CHX)MT CHIOISV
COMBINE0 COMBINED
ATTITUDE GYRO ATTITIBE GYRO
i
R G A RATES
TO ACS ROLL
1 I AND PITCH
CWNNELS
I
I *
G I N ATTITUDE ERRORS
TO ACS ROLL AND
PITCH CMNNELS
I
W G A T T I T a ERROR3 OR
s/\l W T E S TO ACS
ROLL A N D PITCH C W N N E U
I
11111
M T K PITCH RATES
i o mcn TVC CHANNEL
R G A RATES TO A c f f f A M
Mission-
' I ~ .....( ... ..
...
, . . ..
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
1
ATTITUDE GYRO
1 COMBINED
ATTITWE GYRO
A
WSU
A W A
AND
h W S
Lt ,
OPfN
AI
SM-CM
I
\ SEMUTION 1
4 I
I
YAW IQ
A n 11- )
IO IQ MoOt
WlICHlNG LOCK
flt 2.3-5
. ..
_._,, 5.'. :
. . _...... .
..... t . '
-YAW/+X
XXfNOlD D t I M I
IO. IMJ
v
ONKJFF
. I I
1 I
1 1
I
t
1
1
1
Y
I
I
1.1 PC
urcn
urcn
... .
SMZA - 0 3 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
S Y S T E M S DATA
I I
I I NO. b l
-YAW
I I
0
I K30
I
WAG YAW INPUT
I1
I
I K2
SY
FROM
FIG 2.3-4
SHT 2
NOTE:
I r
1 . For Switching logic +io VDC
Detoils, k c Figure
2.3-5. Shh 3 6 4
2. F o r A b d e s , See
Figure 2 3 - 9
-a VM
ROTATION CONTROL YAW COMMAND (MTVC)
FROM
FIG 2.3-4 @ MTK PATES
c u r II
an, -$
YAW GlMM
i
TVC INTEGRATOR
1
I
I
I
1
i:: I
I
I
BM4G YAW INPUT
I
I
I
+( +- K28
- x)V
A
S Y S GRD CK
I
I
I
THRUST VECTOR CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
I K29
SCS A V
I MODE
I
.L
,
GLN OR YAW BM4G INPUT (8’ LIMITER) Y INTEGRATOR
A l l ERROR
‘A
SUWING
?.3-4
2
K D LIMITER
ENG
IGN T
I h I
%+
2.3-4
I
V
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
V V DlFF
CLUTCH VOLTS
---7GIMML
ACTUATOR
I (YAW)
I
jYSTEM
EXTEND NO. I
SERVO N O . 1
YAW G l M M L
* b- ANGLE INDICATOR
AS/GPI
K32 K32
-1 1% T K (7
ELK ELEC N0.1)
TRANS
-
T
TUNS
-
T I
.
K3 1
-
I Hk-
MTK
LNG 1
DIRECT U L A G E
r -- - -- ---- ------
_. 7
*
I
I
J
FROM
f l G . 2.3-4
+X TRANSLATION - AV INHIBIT CIRCUIT P
-----------J
G I N THRUST
G I N THRUST ON/OFF -(
ON/OFF (Ac)
7
PULSE TRAIN (DC)
(PULSE TRAIN) CONVERTER
DSKY ENTRY KEY) -
COMPUTER
DIGITAL DATA m I
---
HI-
K37A K37C
FIG. 2.3-
SHT 1 HI
-
HI
-
L---
El
AV COUNTER
d V DISPLAY PANEL
POT-OUT
-&+'3I
LATCH
+-
+X TRANSUTION
LATCH
I
THRUST
SWITCH
COINCIDENCE SWITCH
(OPEN)
1 GANdV
I I
GLN
J
I GAN AV
?RIDE/ .
.I
.
K37A K37B
I ,
It
K37A K37C
-- K37B K37C
1,
I
I*
I 4)
A
-1
Mission
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
_ - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - -----
NORM*L/OFF/
DIRECT O N
1 1
SWITCH
r I I IGNITION
COILS
I
I -iL-----+7 I
I *
I I
I
- I
I
- 3 -3
- NO. I
A Y PANEL
AND
NO. 2I I
I
I
NO. 3
AND
I
' NO.
' I
NOTES:
-- SYSTEMS DATA
GbN b V -M
G B N ATTITUDE CONTROL --L
I i AV SCS A V -c
-
-P
R
-
J
ATTITUDE/MONITOR/
ENTRY SWITCH
-NK
-n
-
T
+28 VDC
A -
ST
SWITCHES OFF
r _ Y , i
. . ..
u
-
SCS MODE
SWITCHES
SM-?A- lO49B
G h N A l T CON1 ~
-
K9-A L
mit c-
ERR
AGAA
KP-8
MTVC ENGAGt
f PITCH c
ERR
AGM t-
K9-C
YAW
E RR
. ROLL B / u RATE AGAA
PITCM .
I/U RATF
11
-
YAW 8 i U MTt
j -
L
1
FDA1
+a ALIGN
LOCAL VERTICAL
I
FROM FIG.
2.3-5 SM7 I
MONITOR
GhN ATTITUM CONTIOl
GhN A V
GhN ENTRY
.05G M4NUAL
I .MG W N U A L
G I N ENTRY
GhN ATTITUDE CON1
L MDNlTOP
FROM FIG 2.3-5 SM7 3 MIN IMP A l l CON1
0
":" css
MIN I M P A T l CON1
css
CWNNEL Emnu
6WITCH. PITCH CIUNNEL)
S a ATTITUOE CONTROL
PITCH AXIS ENGAGED u
FROM FIG 2.34 SHT I YAW AXIS ENGAGED
CKANNEL ENABLE
A A h C r O L L AXIS ENGAGED
SWITCMES, ROLL
CWNNEL ~ 060 WLL AXIS ENGAGED
Figure 2.3-5. !j
SYSTEMS DATA
!
STABILIZATW
AND CONTROL SYSTEM
k : - w 2-.
SCS ENTRY
7
N
G6N ENTRY 1 -
YAW B/U RT
h ' K15
RT G - N DV G-N ATl
IN
MINIMUM DEADMND
G6N A V
M
G 6 N ATTITUDE CONTROL
L 1
FROM I 1
scs
MODE
SWITCHES
. n
0.05G MANUAL
css
F I G . 2.3-5 V
SHT 1
CONTROL CONTROL
=7ON/OFF
P
R
SCS LOCAL VERTICAL
SCS ATTITUDE CONTROL
-t
1 scs LCL VE
1
S
SCSA V 1 SCS A V
IMP E N A l
SWITCH 0
YAW DIRECT SW (+)
FROM FIG. 2.3-4
SHT 2
I YAW DIRECT SW (-)
DIRECT ULLAGE
I
+
Mission B
!
SMZA -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
D MODE
I
11 I-} iISZRETES
I.
I
G6N d V
G L N AT1 C O N 1
A G I N ENTRY
+
K18
AGM
ATr
IN
FROM FIG.
- w Fig. 2.3-9
- SYSTEMS DATA
FROM
FIG. 2-14 F
MTVC ENGAGE
-
1 I
SHT 1
rL
DF) S
DISENGAGE
ERVO NO. I S
ENGAGE
K34
ERVO NO. 2
TVC MONITOR
(OVER-UNDER CURRENT)
OR TVC
N0.I OFF
I 1
-
+2BV C APPL D AT TP-CH1035V
1
2 2 -1 1 4
SHT )-DY( SCS ENTRY
K35
ENTRY
-
NOTE: See Fig. 2-13 Sht 5 for relays K36, K37, 8 K 3 8
SM-2A- 1052
SYSTEMS DATA
I n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e d a t a m a y a l s o be r e c e i v e d by t h e a s t r o n a u t s via the
MSFN voice link f o r AGC updating a n d / o r f o r IMU a l i g n m e n t . With t h e c o m -
p u t e r s u b s y s t e m in t h e G&N loop, a u t o m a t i c m a n e u v e r s a n d / o r G & N -
c o n t r o l l e d velocity c h a n g e s a r e p o s s i b l e .
0 Attitude G y r o A c c e l e r o m e t e r A s s e m b l y (AGAA)
C o n t a i n s t h e body-mounted a t t i t u d e g y r o s (BMAGS), X - a x i s a c c e l e r -
o m e t e r , and s e l f - c o n t a i n e d e l e c t r o n i c s . P r o v i d e s attitude e r r o r s i g n a l s
f o r t h e a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m , AGCU, and FDAI. The BMAGS a r e a l s o
a s o u r c e f o r backup r a t e s i g n a l s , i f r e q u i r e d .
0 R a t e G y r o A s s e m b l y (RGA)
P r o v i d e s a n g u l a r r a t e s i g n a l s to the a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l (ACS) s u b s y s t e m s
and to t h e FDAI.
The AS s e c t i o n p r o v i d e s a c a p a b i l i t y to s e t in d e s i r e d r e f e r e n c e
a t t i t u d e s a n d a l i g n the ARS to t h o s e a t t i t u d e s . The G P I s e c t i o n allows the
a s t r o n a u t s to m a n u a l l y p o s i t i o n t h e SPS engine g i m b a l s to a t r i m position
p r i o r to a d e l t a V m a n e u v e r .
---
SYSTEMS DATA
0 A u x i l i a r y E l e c t r o n i c C o n t r o l A s s e m b l y (AECA)
0 F l i g h t D i r e c t o r Attitude I n d i c a t o r (FDAI)
Attitude e r r o r s a r e i n d i c a t e d by t h r e e f l y - t o n e e d l e s .
Angular r a t e s a r e i n d i c a t e d by t h r e e fly-to n e e d l e s .
A t r o l l r a t e o r t r o l l e r r o r will c a u s e t h o s e n e e d l e s to d e f l e c t l e f t .
-
A r o l l r a t e o r - r o l l e r r o r will c a u s e t h e n e e d l e s to d e f l e c t right.
A t pitch r a t e o r t p i t c h e r r o r will c a u s e t h o s e n e e d l e s to d e f l e c t
down. A - pitch r a t e o r - pitch e r r o r will c a u s e the n e e d l e s to
d e f l e c t up.
To c o r r e c t the e r r o r , t h e S / C is a u t o m a t i c a l l y o r m a n u a l l y r o t a t e d
i n the d i r e c t i o n of needle deflection.
SYSTEMS DATA
~~ ~ ~~
P r o v i d e t w o - d i r e c t i o n a l c o n t r o l of r e s o l v e r s h a f t a n g l e s
P r o v i d e torquing c u r r e n t for t h e a t t i t u d e g y r o s
P r o v i d e f o r w a r d and r e v e r s e c o n v e r s i o n of g y r o and attitude s e t
e r r o r s i g n a l s t o a p p r o p r i a t e a x e s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r FDAI d i s p l a y ,
and fo r g y r o to rquing ,
L-
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
Monitor
SCS E n t r y *25" / s e c *5n I s e c i5' /sec
G&N F n t r y
SCS LCL V e r t o r
SCS A T T Cont o r * l oIsec *1 I s e c i 1 Isec
O
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 3 . 2. 3. 2 Attitude Control S u b s y s t e m .
R a t e damping only p r o v i d e s r a t e s t a b i l i z a t i o n d u r i n g e n t r y o r i n t h e
event of a n e b o r t p r i o r t o l a u n c h e s c a p e s y s t e m ( L E S ) j e t t i s o n . The
motions involved h e r e a r e t h e f i n i t e f i r i n g s of t h e RCS j e t s when r o t a t i o n a l
r a t e s exceed c e r t a i n l i m i t s . T h e RCS j e t f i r i n g s w i l l d e c r e a s e t h e r a t e s
t o within p r e d e t e r m i n e d limits. T h e r a t e s a r e l i m i t e d t o 0. 2 d e g r e e l s e c
f o r a l l m o d e s , except SCS and G&N e n t r y m o d e s when t h e r a t e s a r e
i n c r e a s e d t o 2 d e g r e e s / s ec ond.
...
~~~~~
SYSTEMS DATA
SM-2A-782D
-_ I I
CONTPCK
I -SWITCHING
---I
PITCh
L -.- TRANSDUCER - 1 -
I
- Z A F
PITCH W A G
-1
I I
I SIG GEN
I
L
ATTITUDE SIGNAL
FROM G L N
------
r---
I
I TRANSLATION
L--,CONTROL
-----.
YAW ECA
I
ATTITUDE SIGNAL
FROM G6N
------
PITCH ECA
-e-
--------
-- ----- ---
---e-
--- -
ATE G Y R O 1
I r ,--
YAW ECA
_.
---_-------
,
. s!* .
_ . ...". .
h
------
ROLL ECA
PITCH CHANNEL I PATE SIGNAL PICKOFF
1 TRANSDUCER J
ATTITUDE SIGNAL
_c--
@- W
D
D
I -I
D- OR GATE
YAW CHANNEL
SWITCH - SIGNAL INVERTER
I
+5-28 VDC 4)- NORMALLY OPEN
I
I
I
MAIN
BUS B
* NORMALLY CLOSED
I
I
I
I NOTES: K17 Rclov contoch o w n ahrr a c b t i o n of
mtoiion conlmller breokout witches.
Relay contoch close durine G L N m o d e
and open during SCS mcdn.
__---
6--
un
MOT .Motor-driven witch-Sptem 8
Mist
, fa
SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
p
SWITCHING
-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SM-2A-718 D
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m e l e c t r o n i c s is contained within t h e
r o l l , p i t c h , and yaw E C A s . The E C A s a c c e p t t h e manual and a u t o m a t i c
i n p u t s , conditions t h e m , and d i r e c t s on-off e l e c t r i c a l c o m m a n d s i g n a l s
through j e t s e l e c t i o n logic t o a p p r o p r i a t e a u t o m a t i c ( n o r m a l ) c o i l s of t h e
RCS j e t s . T h e output of t h e j e t s e l e c t i o n logic will b e e i t h e r a t i m e -
modulated s i g n a l o r a s t e a d y - s t a t e t 2 0 - v d c signal.
T h e r e a r e b a s i c a l l y two t y p e s of inputs to t h e a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s u b -
s y s t e m : m a n u a l and i n e r t i a l s e n s o r (AGAA, RGA, IMU). Manual inputs a r e
p r o v i d e d by t h e r o t a t i o n and t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l s , s w i t c h e s on the SCS
c o n t r o l p a n e l , a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e s w i t c h on t h e a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e s e c t i o n of
t h e G&N o p t i c s c o n t r o l p a n e l , and t h e d i r e c t ullage s w i t c h on t h e d e l t a V
d i s p l a y panel. T h e s e c o n t r o l s c a n b e used f o r manual u l l a g e m a n e u v e r s o r
as a backup d u r i n g a u t o m a t i c d e l t a V f u n c t i o n s . T h e a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e s w i t c h
c o m m a n d s inputs to t h e ACS and s u b s e q u e n t l y t o t h e RCS j e t s f o r s m a l l
angular accelerations.
R o t a t i o n M a n e u v e r s . Rotation m a n e u v e r s c a n b e p e r f o r m e d by using
f o u r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of m a n u a l c o n t r o l s o r a u t o m a t i c a l l y by u s i n g t h e G&N
c o m p u t e r s u b s y s t e m . Manual r o t a t i o n m a n e u v e r s a r e a c c o m p l i s h e d by
using t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l , c o m m o n l y c a l l e d c o n t r o l s t i c k s t e e r i n g (CSS),
d i r e c t o r e m e r g e n c y c o n t r o l which i s a function of t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l ,
a t t i t u d e . i m p u l s e c o n t r o l , and positioning of t h e i n e r t i a l CDUs. Automatic
m a n e u v e r s r e s u l t f r o m a s t r o n a u t inputs t o t h e AGC via t h e DSKY. The
AGC, a c c o r d i n g t o c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m , a u t o m a t i c a l l y p o s i t i o n s t h e CDUs
and will c o m m a n d S / C motion t o t h e p r o g r a m m e d attitude.
0 19 d e g r e e s p e r second ( r o l l a x l s ) e n t r y m o d e
5 d e g r e e s p e r second ( p i t c h and yaw a x e s ) e n t r y mode
0 0 . 7 9 d e g r e e p e r second (all a x e s ) a l l o t h e r m o d e s .
SYSTEMS DATA
When t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l ( s t i c k ) is d i s p l a c e d , a t r a n s d u c e r within
t h e s t i c k will c o m m a n d a r o t a t i o n p r o p o r t i o n a l to t h e amount of s t i c k
d i s p l a c e m e n t . The r o t a t i o n a l rates a r e l i m i t e d t o p r e d e t e r m i n e d v a l u e s ,
depending on t h e o p e r a t i o n a l mode.
T h e c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m will c o n t r o l t h e a c t u a l m a n e u v e r r a t e , but
t h e SCS will l i m i t t h e m a x i m u m . The m a x i m u m n o n - e n t r y m a n e u v e r r a t e
is 1 0 ° / s e c o n d , a n d e n t r y m a n e u v e r r a t e i s 17'/second i n a l l a x e s .
T h e a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e c o n t r o l (G&N o p t i c s c o n t r o l p a n e l ) p r o v i d e s t h e
c a p a b i l i t y f o r c o m m a n d i n g l o w - r o t a t i o n a l rates about a l l t h r e e a x e s .
Attitude i m p u l s e c o n t r o l i s a v a i l a b l e only i n SCS o r G & N a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l
m o d e s and is used p r i m a r i l y f o r p r e c i s e a t t i t u d e m a n e u v e r s d u r i n g naviga-
tional o r s t a r sighting p e r i o d s . After t h e c o n t r o l is enabled and d i s p l a c e d ,
a switch c l o s u r e in t h e c o n t r o l and a n RC network combination g e n e r a t e one
SYSTEMS DATA
T r a n s l a t i o n M a n e u v e r s . T h e r e a r e t h r e e m e t h o d s of initiating t r a n s -
l a t i o n m a n e u v e r s : n o r m a l . t r a n s l a t i o n s , using t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l ;
d i r e c t ullage, using t h e d i r e c t u l l a g e button o n t h e d e l t a V c o n t r o l p a n e l ;
and s e p a r a t i o n u l l a g e , using t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l .
T r a n s l a t i o n c o m m a n d s a r e not p r o p o r t i o n a l ; o p e r a t i o n i s through
s w i t c h c l o s u r e only and is a v a i l a b l e d u r i n g all m o d e s of o p e r a t i o n p r i o r to
C / M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n . D u r i n g n o r m a l t r a n s l a t i o n , s w i t c h c l o s u r e s within
t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l p r o v i d e c o m m a n d s to t h e j e t s e l e c t i o n l o g i c which
f i r e t h e a p p r o p r i a t e j e t s f o r t h e d e s i r e d d i r e c t i o n of t r a n s l a t i o n . The
c o m m a n d s a r e d i r e c t e d to t h e a u t o m a t i c RCS engine c o i l s . A p r i m a r y
function of n o r m a l t r a n s l a t i o n i s t h e ullage m a n e u v e r , which is n e c e s s a r y
i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r a velocity change. Ullage m a n e u v e r s r e q u i r e t r a n s l a t i o n
along the +X-axis.
T h e s e p a r a t i o n u l l a g e function r e q u i r e s a CCW r o t a t i o n of t h e t r a n s -
l a t i o n c o n t r o l into a d e t e n t position. Ullage c o m m a n d s a r e d i r e c t e d to t h e
d i r e c t RCS c o i l s . T h e s e p a r a t i o n u l l a g e m a n e u v e r is p e r f o r m e d when
SPS a b o r t s a r e n e c e s s a r y o r when S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n is r e q u i r e d . If t h e
LES h a s b e e n j e t t i s o n e d , t h e s i g n a l f r o m t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l i n CCW
d e t e n t w i l l c o m m a n d t h e s e q u e n t i a l e v e n t s c o n t r o l s y s t e m (SECS) to
s e q u e n c e t h e s e p a r a t i o n ullage and consequent s e p a r a t i o n f r o m t h e S - I V B .
Lf t h e LES is a t t a c h e d t o t h e S / C , t h e s a m e c o m m a n d w i l l initiate a LES
abort.
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e CW r o t a t i o n e n a b l e s c a p a b i l i t y f o r manual r o l l c o n t r o l by t h e
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r d u r i n g G & N e n t r y . T h i s is n o r m a l l y a n a u t o m a t i c
function of t h e G&N s y s t e m and e n t r y p r o g r a m .
... -
- SYSTEMS DATA
backup r a t e s e n s e t h e a n g u l a r a c c e l e r a t i o n s . T h e s i g n a l s , conditioned
via the r o l l , pitch, and yaw ECAs and through j e t s e l e c t i o n logic, a r e
applied t o a p p l i c a b l e RCS engines to keep t h e S I C r a t e s within the
0 . 2 - d e g r e e - p e r - s e c o n d r a t e deadband. If i n SCS o r G&N e n t r y m o d e ,
t h e r a t e deadband i s i n c r e a s e d t o 2 d e g r e e s p e r second. R a t e s t a b i l i z a t i o n ,
i n addition to t h e a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l functions, i s a v a i l a b l e when a n y of t h e
following conditions e x i s t :
0 S e l e c t i o n of m o n i t o r mode a f t e r S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n
0 S e l e c t i o n of m o n i t o r m o d e f o r LES a b o r t s
Clockwise rotation of t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l a f t e r S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n
0 SCS e n t r y mode a f t e r 0 . 0 5 G switching
G & N e n t r y mode a f t e r 0 . 0 5 G switching ( p i t c h and yaw a x e s o n l y ) .
2. 3. 2. 3 . 3 T h r u s t Vector Control S u b s y s t e m .
T h e p u r p o s e of t h e t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l ( T V C ) s u b s y s t e m ( f i g u r e s
2. 3 - 4 and 2 . 3 - 5 ) is to a l i g n o r position t h e gimbaled SPS engine to a t r i m
position p r i o r t o SPS t h r u s t i n g and m a i n t a i n t h i s t r i m d u r i n g t h e a c c e l e r a -
tion p e r i o d . The S / C e x p e r i e n c e s a changing c e n t e r of g r a v i t y ( c . g. )
c a u s e d by t h e consumption of fuel and o x i d i z e r d u r i n g a c c e l e r a t i o n . T h e
TVC s u b s y s t e m m a i n t a i n s t h e S P S engine t h r u s t v e c t o r through t h e c. g .
and holds S I C a t t i t u d e s o that t h e t h r u s t v e c t o r w i l l r e m a i n i n t h e
d e s i r e d d i r e c t i o n . This c o m p e n s a t e s f o r u n d e s i r a b l e f o r c e s t h a t affect
S I C s t a b i l i t y b e c a u s e of t h e shifting c . g . T h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l , i n a d d i -
t i o n t o the TVC s u b s y s t e m , u t i l i z e s t h e functions of t h e G&N s y s t e m , t h e
p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m s , and t h e SCS a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e and a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l
subsystems.
SYSTEMS DATA
A m a n u a l method of t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l is provided t o c o n t r o l t h e
p o s i t i o n of t h e SPS engine gimbal. When o p e r a t i n g manually, inputs f r o m
t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l , t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l , and t h e B M A G s a r e d i r e c t e d t o
r e d u n d a n t s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s No. 2 and t h e No. 2 gimbal a c t u a t o r m o t o r .
T h e nominal a u t h o r i t y f r o m e i t h e r r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r i s *6 d e g r e e s of SPS
gimbal engine d e f l e c t i o n .
T h e gimbal p o s i t i o n d i s p l a y s e c t i o n of t h e A S I C P I p a n e l , t h e d e l t a V
d i s p l a y , SCS c o n t r o l panel, r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l , t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l , and t h e
SPS s w i t c h e s on M D C - 3 a r e t h e p r i n c i p l e c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s a s s o c i a t e d
with TVC. They p r o v i d e t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r c o n t r o l and monitoring of
s y s t e m per for manc e .
-.
SYSTEMS DATA
N o r m a l l y , G & N d e l t a V m o d e u t i l i z e s t h e p r i m a r y g i m b a l s e r v o and
a c t u a t o r m o t o r No. 1. If the g i m b a l m o t o r s w i t c h e s on MDC-3 a r e a c t i -
vated, a TVC m o n i t o r s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r ( o v e r - u n d e r c u r r e n t s e n s o r ) i n t h e
a c t u a t o r w i l l s e n s e a f a i l u r e of m o t o r No. 1. If m o t o r No. 1 fails, t h e
s e n s o r will a u t o m a t i c a l l y c a u s e a s w i t c h o v e r t o m o t o r No. 2 i n t h e
a c t u a t o r . S i n c e t h e No. 2 s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s a r e d r i v e n s i m u l t a n e o u s l y
with No. 1, a n i n t e r r u p t i o n d u r i n g t h e velocity change will not o c c u r . Motor
No. 2 a l s o c o n t a i n s a TVC m o n i t o r s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r , but is not u s e d . In
t h e event of m o t o r No. 2 f a i l u r e , c a u s i n g a n e x c e s s i v e c u r r e n t d r a i n on
the d-c bus, a 70-ampere circuit b r e a k e r in the line w i l l disconnect the
m o t o r f r o m t h e d - c supply bus. Motor No. 2 h a s no s w i t c h o v e r o r warning
light c a p a b i l i t y .
SCS d e l t a V k e e p s t h e t h r u s t v e c t o r t h r o u g h t h e c . g. by f i r s t c o m -
p a r i n g t h e t r i m p o s i t i o n c o m m a n d s s e t by t h e g i m b a l p o s i t i o n t h u m b -
w h e e l s and t h e p o s i t i o n t r a n s d u c e r f e e d b a c k s i g n a l s . T h e d i f f e r e n c e ,
combined,with a t t i t u d e e r r o r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m the BMAGs, conditions t h e
s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s to e n e r g i z e t h e a c t u a t o r c l u t c h e s .
E x c e p t f o r mode s e l e c t i o n and t h r u s t - o n r e q u i r e m e n t s , t h e s a m e
p r e r e q u i s i t e s f o r t h r u s t - o n , and t h e c o n t r o l and d i s p l a y functions a r e t h e
s a m e as f o r G&N d e l t a V. The S C S s y s t e m d o e s not p r o v i d e a u t o m a t i c
thrust-on. A thrust-on switch on the delta V display provides the thrust-on
c o m m a n d f o r SCS d e l t a V m o d e . T h r u s t - o f f , however, i s a u t o m a t i c by
c l o s i n g of t h e coincidence switch. A NORMAL-OFF-DIRECT-ON s w i t c h
on t h e d e l t a V d i s p l a y is a l s o p r o v i d e d f o r manual t h r u s t - o n and s e r v e s a s
a m a n u a l backup f o r a l l a u t o m a t i c t h r u s t - o f f c o m m a n d s .
A manual d e l t a V c a n b e p e r f o r m e d , providing a d e l t a V m o d e h a s
been s e l e c t e d and the t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l is r o t a t e d CW into d e t e n t . T h i s
r e m o v e s all n o r m a l i n p u t s i n t o t h e TVC s e r v o l o o p s , a l l o w s c o m m a n d e d
inputs f r o m t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l , and r a t e d a t a f r o m t h e BMAGs in backup-
r a t e condition, into t h e r e d u n d a n t No. 2 s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s and m o t o r No. 2
of t h e g i m b a l a c t p a t o r s . T h i s p r o v i d e s r a t e - s t a b i l i z e d m a n u a l c o n t r o l of t h e
t h r u s t v e c t o r . T h r u s t - o n is i n i t i a t e d by t h e m o m e n t a r y t h r u s t - o n s w i t c h
l o c a t e d on t h e d e l t a V d i s p l a y .
~ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l m u s t b e h e l d t o a given d i s p l a c e m e n t t o c o n t r o l
the g i m b a l s a b o u t t h e initial trim p o s i t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e s e t t i n g s of t h e
AS/GPI. T h e C P I p r o v i d e s the only indication of t h e position of the g i m b a l
a n g l e s with r e s p e c t to the S I C body axes.
2. 3 . 3 FLIGHT CONTROL P R O F I L E S .
T h e r e a r e t h r e e b a s i c flight c o n t r o l p r o f i l e s a s s o c i a t e d with m i s s i o n
AS204A. T h e s e include powered flight, c o a s t i n g flight, a n d e n t r y . Within
t h e s e p r o f i l e s , v a r i o u s m o d e s of o p e r a t i o n a r e e s t a b l i s h e d e i t h e r within the
a t m o s p h e r e o r in e a r t h o r b i t a l e n v i r o n m e n t . B e c a u s e of t h e d i v i s i o n of
p o w e r e d flight, i . e . , a s c e n t a n d e a r t h o r b i t a l e n v i r o n m e n t , t h e d e s c r i p t i o n
i s divided as follows:
0 A s c e n t (including a b o r t s )
0 Coasting f l i g h t ( e a r t h o r b i t a l )
0 P o w e r e d flight ( e a r t h o r b i t a l )
E n t r y ( n o n p o w e r e d a t m o s p h e r i c flight).
A s t h e v a r i o u s o p e r a t i o n a l m o d e s a r e d i s c u s s e d , r e f e r e n c e will b e
m a d e t o f i g u r e s 2. 3-4, 2. 3-5, and 2. 3-6. A t y p i c a l c o n t r o l channel yaw
i s shown in f i g u r e 2 . 3-4, s h e e t 2 ; t h e r e f o r e , d i f f e r e n c e s not t y p i c a l to t h e
yaw c h a n n e l will be c l a r i f i e d .
F i g . 2. 3-4, 2. 3-5, S CS S y s t e m
2.3-7 Relays Function Relay
K1 ORBIT R A T E 24A14K3
K2 FDAI ALIGN 24A14K1
24A14K2
K3 ' G & N ROLL, P I T C H , YAW 22A 16A3K4
A T T SIN AND COS 22A16A3K6
22A17A3K4
22A17A3K6
2 2A18A 3K4
22A18A 3K6
K4 AGCU CAGED 22A8K1
22A8K2
22A8K4
22A8K5
K5 AGCU ALIGN 22A8K6
22A8K7
- SYSTEMS DATA
K6 AG CU P / Y ERROR
K7 R G & N ERR/AGCU INH
G & N P ERR 20A3K3
Y ERR G & N BODY 21A3K3
K8 G & N P , Y, E R R S . F . 2 2A20A 3K 1
22A21A3K1
K9 ROLL, P I T C H , YAW ERR 2 2A2 OA 3K4
AGAA 22122 1A3K4
MONITOR t G & N AV t G & N 22A2 3A3K2
A T T CONTR t G & N ENTRY
t. 05G MANUAL t t
YAW B / U R A T E
K10 R O L L , P I T C H , YAW, B / U 2 2A9K 1
RATE 22A9K2
22A13K1
22A13K2
22A11K1
22A11K2
K11 M T V C R T OUT 22A9K 3
22A11K3
22A12K3
K12 R O L L , P I T C H , YAW 22A23A3
RATE 22A20A3
22A21A3K
K13 Y/P RT SF 22A22A3
K14 R - Y R T CPLG 23A11K2
K15 R T IN TRANS 2 3A 19K 1
23A19K1
19A26K 1
K16 ENT GAIN 23A15K 1
23A15K2
23A17K2
K17 G & N A T T IN 23A19K2
K18 AGAA A T T IN 23A19K3
K19 D-B CHG 23A15K3
K20 R J C ATT SW 23A11K1
K21 G & N MIN IMP ENABLE 23A13K
K22 P S U E D O R T CO 23A13K
K23 R CS LATCHING RELAY MESC Z19
ARMED
( J E T DVRS ENABLED)
SAFE
( J E T D V R S DISABLED)
K24 1 . 8 S E C LATCH MESC 2 8
2. 3. 3 . 1 Ascent.
2 . 3. 3 . 1. 1 Monitor Mode.
B e f o r e s e p a r a t i o n f r o m t h e S-IVB, a d e l t a V m o d e m u s t b e s e l e c t e d .
F o r a n S P S a b o r t , a l i g n m e n t of t h e S P S engine g i m b a l s is not r e q u i r e d
s i n c e t h e y w e r e p r e s e t p r i o r t o l a u n c h and no p r o p e l l a n t h a s b e e n c o n s u m e d .
At s e p a r a t i o n , a n a b o r t c a n b e m a d e i n t o e a r t h o r b i t o r to a d o w n r a n g e
landing s i t e .
2 . 3. 3 . 2 Coasting F l i g h t ( E a r t h O r b i t a l ) .
T h e c o a s t i n g flight p r o f i l e r a n g e s f r o m a f r e e - d r i f t c o n f i g u r a t i o n
(no c o n t r o l ) t o m o n i t o r mode ( p a s s i v e ) to a t t i t u d e hold ( a c t i v e c o n t r o l ) .
T h e following p a r a g r a p h s d e s c r i b e t h e v a r i o u s m o d e s r e l a t i v e to t h e e a r t h
orbital environment.
2. 3. 3 . 2. 1 G&N Attitude C o n t r o l .
G&N a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l w i l l p r o v i d e i n e r t i a l l y s t a b i l i z e d a t t i t u d e by
utilizing t h e a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e and a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m s . Attitude
d a t a is obtained f r o m the i n e r t i a l l y r e f e r e n c e d IMU. R e l a y s K4 and K5
p r o v i d e BMAG/AGCU c l o s e d loop so t h a t if SCS a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l is s e l e c t e d ,
t h e AGCU will h a v e t h e s a m e r e f e r e n c e as t h e IMU f o r c o n t r o l and d i s p l a y
purposes.
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e m a x i m u m deadband l i m i t is n o r m a l l y s e t f o r G&N a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l .
If navigation s i g h t i n g s a r e r e q u i r e d , t h e m i n i m u m deadband m a y b e
s e l e c t e d . T h e G&N s y s t e m and S C S a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m will m a i n -
t a i n a t t i t u d e within t h e s e l e c t e d deadband l i m i t s .
Maneuvering. A u t o m a t i c m a n e u v e r s m a y b e executed by i n s e r t i n g
c o m m a n d s into t h e AGC via t h e DSKY. T h e S / C w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y maneuvei
t o t h e c o m p u t e r - c o m m a n d e d attitude. T h e SCS will follow t h e a t t i t u d e e r r o r
s i g n a l i n p u t s f r o m t h e CDU i n r e s p o n s e t o AGC inputs f o r m a n e u v e r i n g t o
t h e c o m m a n d e d attitude. Manual m a n e u v e r s c a n be commanded with o r
without a t t i t u d e hold.
T r a n s l a t i o n i n all a x e s c a n b e c o m m a n d e d .by t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l .
A s shown i n f i g u r e 2 . 3 - 5 , s w i t c h c l o s u r e s within t h e c o n t r o l apply c o m -
m a n d s i g n a l s d i r e c t l y t o t h e j e t s e l e c t i o n logic a n d , s u b s e q u e n t l y , t o t h e
a u t o RCS c o i l s . Attitude hold is a n o r m a l function when t r a n s l a t i o n s a r e
initiated, u s i n g t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l .
T h e d i r e c t ullage s w i t c h on t h e d e l t a V d i s p l a y is a backup f o r tX
t r a n s l a t i o n s . When t h i s s w i t c h is a c t i v a t e d , t h e signal is applied d i r e c t l y
t o t h e RCS d i r e c t c o i l s . Attitude hold i s not a function of d i r e c t ullage.
Attitude i m p u l s e c o n t r o l ( p a n e l 105, L E B ) is a m a n u a l c o n t r o l
c a p a b i l i t y f o r G&N and SCS a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l m o d e s only. E a c h d i s p l a c e m e n t
of t h e a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e c o n t r o l ( f i g u r e 2 . 13-4, s h e e t 3 ) p r o v i d e s a n output
a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e c o m m a n d t o two RCS engines f o r a d u r a t i o n of 18*4 m s .
T h e p u l s e s c o m m a n d body a n g u l a r r a t e s of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 a r c m i n / s e c .
2 . 3 . 3. 2 . 2 G&N L o c a l V e r t i c a l .
T h e G&N l o c a l v e r t i c a l m o d e is a n e x t e n s i o n of G & N a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l .
T h e p u r p o s e of t h i s m o d e of o p e r a t i o n i s t o a c c u r a t e l y m a i n t a i n t h e S / C
X-axis a t a fixed a n g l e with r e s p e c t t o t h e l o c a l v e r t i c a l ( r e l a t i v e to t h e
e a r t h s u r f a c e ) while m a i n t a i n i n g t h e S / C Y-axis n o r m a l t o t h e o r b i t a l p l a n e .
T h e G&N l o c a l v e r t i c a l m o d e is a n AGC-commanded function. A c o m p u t e r
p r o g r a m (not a v a i l a b l e f o r AS204A m i s s i o n ) is c a l l e d by t h e a s t r o n a u t by
DSKY e n t r y . A f t e r IMU a l i g n m e n t , w i t h t h e S / C X - a x i s i n t h e d i r e c t i o n of
the d e s i r e d orbital path, the computer p r o g r a m provides a n orbit r a t e
-_
SYSTEMS DATA
s o u r c e t o c o m m a n d t o r q u i n g of t h e IMU at a r a t e t h a t w i l l m a i n t a i n t h e l o c a l
v e r t i c a l attitude. T h i s m o d e m a y b e used t o m a k e navigational s i g h t i n g s of
e a r t h l a n d m a r k s by keeping t h e G&N o p t i c s within t h e a r e a of t h e e a r t h -
surface.
SCS a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l m o d e w i l l hold t h e S / C a t a n i n e r t i a l - r e f e r e n c e d
a t t i t u d e and w i l l limit S / C d r i f t to t h e s e l e c t e d deadband limits, n o r m a l l y ,
*5 d e g r e e s i n e a r t h o r b i t . If SCS a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l is s e l e c t e d a f t e r a G&N
a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l function, t h e a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e s u b s y s t e m is aligned t o t h e
IMU (BMAG/AGCU c l o s e d loop). If not, a n FDAI/AGCU a l i g n function i s
required.
0 Relay K4 open-FDA1 b a l l s t a t i o n a r y
0 Relay K12-Applies body r a t e s to FDAI
0 Relay K 3 c l o s e d to AGCU-Applies attitude e r r o r s to FDAI
0 Relay K11B-Applies a t t i t u d e e r r o r s to SCS e l e c t r o n i c s
Manual M a n e u v e r s . A f t e r AGCU r e f e r e n c e h a s b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d , t h e S I C
c a n b e m a n e u v e r e d t o t h e d e s i r e d a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e by flying out t h e
e r r o r s , using CSS. T h e A T T S E T / O F F switch is a c t i v a t e d , r e l a y K23 is
a c t i v a t e d , t h e RCS l a t c h i n g r e l a y s a r e c l o s e d t o t h e S / M RCS, r e l a y s K6
and K9 c l o s e , and K20 w i l l open. Attitude e r r o r , equal to t h e d i f f e r e n c e
between ATTITUDE S E T d i a l p o s i t i o n and AGCU r e s o l v e r s h a f t p o s i t i o n ,
is then applied to t h e FDAI f r o m t h e AGCU t h r o u g h K6. Attitude e r r o r
f r o m t h e BMAG i s r e m o v e d f r o m t h e FDAI when K9 a c t i v a t e s . When t h e
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l i s moved out of d e t e n t , CSS c o m m a n d s a r e applied through
t h e ACS to t h e j e t s e l e c t i o n l o g i c and a u t o c o i l s of t h e RCS e n g i n e s . At
t h e s a m e t i m e , r e l a y s K4 and K5 c l o s e providing BMAG/AGCU c l o s e d loop,
T h e BMAGs follow S / C r o t a t i o n and r e p o s i t i o n s t h e FDAI ball. When t h e
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l is r e t u r n e d t o n e u t r a l , t h e BMAG/AGCU loop i s opened,
r e l a y s K4 and K 5 open, and t h e new a t t i t u d e w i l l hold within t h e s e l e c t e d
d e ad band.
F r e e D r i f t . F r e e d r i f t is n o r m a l l y used d u r i n g extended p e r i o d s of t i m e
when p o w e r and RCS p r o p e l l a n t c o n s e r v a t i o n i s d e s i r e d . F r e e d r i f t c a n be
e s t a b l i s h e d i n e i t h e r a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l m o d e by placing t h e SCS CHANNEL
s w i t c h e s t o O F F , inhibiting all c o m m a n d s i g n a l s t o t h e RCS a u t o c o i l s .
With a n SCS a t t i t u d e m o d e s e l e c t e d and a n SCS CHANNEL s w i t c h to O F F
( P I T C H o r YAW o r A&C R O L L and B&D R O L L ) , r e l a y a c t i o n c l o s e s t h e
BMAG/AGCU loop and u p d a t e s t h e ARS while d r i f t i n g . However, if one
Bh4AG is p l a c e d i n backup r a t e and a channel s w i t c h is off, r e l a y a c t i o n
r a t e c a g e s t h e r e m a i n i n g BMAGs and opens t h e BMAG/AGCU loop, t h u s ,
p r e v e n t i n g t h e ARS f r o m being updated.
P o w e r e d flight i n c l u d e s t h o s e m o d e s that p r o v i d e t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r
velocity c h a n g e s using t h e SPS engine. Included i n t h e following d i s c u s s i o n
a r e t h e G&N d e l t a V, SCS d e l t a V, and t h e m a n u a l d e l t a V m o d e s .
2. 3. 3. 3. 1 C&N D e l t a V.
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
When t h e d e l t a V r e m a i n i n g c o u n t e r i n d i c a t e s z e r o , t h r u s t i n g will
t e r m i n a t e and the THRUST ON light will g o out. T h e N O R M A L / O F F /
DIRECT ON switch will be s e t t o O F F a n d the SPS m o t o r s w i t c h e s , i n j e c t
p r e - v a l v e s , and t h e T V C e l e c t r o n i c s will b e de-activated. Approximately
one s e c o n d a f t e r t h r u s t t e r m i n a t e s , pitch and yaw c o n t r o l i s t r a n s f e r r e d
b a c k t o the SCS f o r the attitude c o n t r o l function.
2. 3 . 3 . 3. 2 SCS Delta V.
. ..
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 Manual D e l t a V (MTVC).
2. 3.3.4 Entry.
T h e e n t r y p r o f i l e c o n s i s t s of t h e v a r i o u s methods of c o n t r o l l i n g t h e
S / C f o r t h e e n t r y p h a s e of t h e m i s s i o n . T h e e n t r y mode i s n o r m a l l y
s e l e c t e d a f t e r S / M - C / M s e p a r a t i o n . At s e p a r a t i o n , t h e m o t o r - d r i v e n RCS
t r a n s f e r s w i t c h e s a r e c l o s e d to t h e C / M RCS.
2. 3. 3.4. 1 G&N E n t r y ,
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e e n t r y a n g l e , r e q u i r e d pullout a n g l e , and o t h e r r e q u i r e d e n t r y
d a t a i s p r e s e n t e d on t h e c o m p u t e r d i s p l a y s . T h e a s t r o n a u t c a n m a n u a l l y
p e r f o r m a c o n t r o l l e d g - l e v e l e n t r y by u s i n g CSS t o fly out t h e commanded
a t t i t u d e e r r o r s d i s p l a y e d on t h e FDAI. T h e BMAG/AGCU h a s b e e n c l o s e d
l o o p f o r backup r e f e r e n c e i n c a s e s w i t c h o v e r is n e c e s s a r y .
P r i o r t o . 05 C switching, a t t i t u d e e r r o r f r o m t h e i n e r t i a l CDUs is
applied t o t h e FDAI e r r o r i n d i c a t o r through r e l a y s K7 and K8, and t o t h e
SCS e l e c t r o n i c s through r e l a y K9. T h e RGA a p p l i e s r a t e g y r o body r a t e s
t o t h e FDAI and SCS e l e c t r o n i c s . R e l a y K3 a p p l i e s total a t t i t u d e t o t h e
FDAI ball.
At . 0 5 g, t h e . 0 5 G E N T R Y / O F F s w i t c h on MDC-8 is s e t t o ,051 C
ENTRY. T h e SCS pitch and yaw c h a n n e l s p e r f o r m r a t e s t a b i l i z a t i o n only.
T h e r o l l c h a n n e l is still s u b j e c t t o c o m p u t e r - c o n t r o l l e d r o l l c o m m a n d s .
T h e AGC w i l l fly t h e S / C a c c o r d i n g t o a p r e - e s t a b l i s h e d e n t r y p r o g r a m .
2. 3. 3 . 4 . 2 SCS E n t r y .
-
SYSTEMS DATA
0 R a t e g y r o a s s e m b l y (RGA)
0 Attitude g y r o a c c e l e r o m e t e r a s s e m b l y (AGAA)
0 P i t c h e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l a s s e m b l y (pitch ECA)
Roll e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l a s s e m b l y ( r o l l ECA)
0 A u x i l i a r y e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l a s s e m b l y ( a u x ECA)
0 D i s p l a y and a t t i t u d e g y r o a c c e l e r o m e t e r a s s e m b l y e l e c t r o n i c
c o n t r o l a s s e m b l y (DISPLAY-AGAA ECA)
0 Rotation c o n t r o l
0 Translation control
0 F l i g h t d i r e c t o r a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r (FDAI)
0 Velocity c h a n g e i n d i c a t o r ( A V d i s p l a y ) .
T h e r a t e g y r o a s s e m b l y c o n t a i n s t h r e e i d e n t i c a l r a t e g y r o s , mounted
orthogonally along t h e s p a c e c r a f t body a x e s , and a s s o c i a t e d g y r o e l e c -
t r o n i c s . No p r o v i s i o n is m a d e f o r h e a t e r s o r t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l of t h e
g y r o s . E a c h g y r o is a s i n g l e - a x i s unit, with t h e input axis d e t e r m i n e d by
t h e g y r o mounting f i x t u r e . S e l f - t e s t c a p a b i l i t i e s a r e p r o v i d e d by torquing
c o i l s which e n a b l e t h e g y r o t o b e d i s p l a c e d a t a known r a t e and by s p i n
m o t o r r o t a t i o n d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t s which allow m o n i t o r i n g of t h e g y r o s p i n
m o t o r s p e e d . All s e l f - t e s t c i r c u i t s a r e c o m p l e t e l y i s o l a t e d f r o m o p e r a -
tional c i r c u i t s to p r e v e n t a f a i l u r e in t h e f o r m e r f r o m affecting g y r o
~~
SYSTEMS DATA
o p e r a t i o n . T h e g y r o outputs a r e u s e d by t h e SCS a s p r i m a r y d a m p i n g o r
s t a b i l i z a t i o n s i g n a l s a n d , i n addition, as n e g a t i v e f e e d b a c k t o null r o t a t i o n a l
c o n t r o l c o m m a n d s and p r o v i d e a p r o p o r t i o n a l m a n e u v e r r a t e capability.
T h e r a t e g y r o s a l s o p r o v i d e a n i n d i c a t i o n on t h e FDA1 of t h e r a t e - o f -
a t t i t u d e change i n p i t c h , r o l l , and yaw a x e s . An a t t i t u d e c h a n g e about a n y
of t h e a x e s r e s u l t s i n a n output s i g n a l which is r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e r a t e
of d i s p l a c ' e m e n t .
E a c h m i n i a t u r e r a t e g y r o a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a s p i n m o t o r , damping
s y s t e m , g i m b a l a s s e m b l y , q u a d r i l e v e r s p r i n g , and s e l f - c h e c k c i r c u i t r y .
T h e g y r o s p i n m o t o r is a 4 0 0 - c p s 3 - p h a s e s y n c h r o n o u s h y s t e r e s i s m o t o r
p o w e r e d by 26 v o l t s a c . T h e m a x i m u m t i m e allowed f o r t h e g y r o to c o m e
up t o o p e r a t i n g s p e e d is 17 s e c o n d s . Damping is a c c o m p l i s h e d by p o s i t i v e
d i s p l a c e m e n t of t h e d a m p i n g fluid t h r o u g h t e m p e r a t u r e - c o n t r o l l e d o r i f i c e s .
T h e q u a d r i l e v e r s p r i n g p r o v i d e s t h e t o r s i o n a l r e s t r a i n t r e q u i r e d by t h e
g y r o , t o g e t h e r with r a d i a l s u p p o r t f o r t h e g i m b a l a s s e m b l y . Some
i m p o r t a n t r a t e g y r o c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e as follows:
2. 3.4. 2 Attitude G y r o A c c e l e r o m e t e r A s s e m b l y .
T h e a t t i t u d e g y r o a c c e l e r o m e t e r a s s e m b l y c o p t a i n s t h r e e body-
mounted a t t i t u d e g y r o s ( B U G S ) and a n a c c e l e r o m e t e r . E l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l
c i r c u i t s f o r t h e g y r o s and a c c e l e r o m e t e r a r e contained i n t h e d i s p l a y and
attitude gyro a c c e l e r o m e t e r a s s e m b l y electronic control assembly.
T h e BMAGs p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n denoting t h e a n g u l a r d i s p l a c e m e n t
of t h e s p a c e c r a f t f r o m a p r e s e t attitude. They a r e initially s e t to a s p e c i f i c
s p a c e - s t a b i l i z e d o r i e n t a t i o n ; t h e r e a f t e r , a n y d i s p l a c e m e n t f r o m t h i s initial
s e t t i n g r e s u l t s i n output s i g n a l s which a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e amount of
a n g u l a r d i s p l a c e m e n t . T h e output s i g n a l s a r e used to p r o d u c e a t t i t u d e
e r r o r s i g n a l s f o r a n a t t i t u d e - h o l d m o d e o r f o r d i s p l a y on t h e flight d i r e c t o r
a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r . T h e outputs m a y a l s o b e applied t o t h e a t t i t u d e g y r o
c o u p l e r unit (AGCU) f o r a t t i t u d e c h a n g e s t o r a g e and f o r c o n v e r s i o n t o
i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t unit (IMU) a x e s . IMU a x e s d i f f e r f r o m t h e s p a c e c r a f t
body a x e s . T h e AGCU and BMAGs a r e used as a s u b s t i t u t e o r backup
i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e unit f o r t h e IMU d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d s when t h e IMU is
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e BMAGs a r e s i n g l e - d e g r e e - o f - f r e e d o m , m i n i a t u r e i n t e g r a t i n g
g y r o s contained i n e l e c t r i c a l l y heated individual p a c k a g e s . The h e a t e r w i l l
m a i n t a i n individual BMAG t e m p e r a t u r e a t 170rt2OF. Degraded g y r o o p e r a -
tion w i l l r e s u l t if t h i s t e m p e r a t u r e is not m a i n t a i n e d . The g y r o s p i n m o t o r s
a r e 3 - p h a s e 2 4 , 0 0 0 - r p m s y n c h r o n o u s d e v i c e s , powered by 1 3 . 6 v o l t s 400 c p s
f r o m a supply i n t h e a t t i t u d e g y r o a c c e l e r o m e t e r package e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o l
a s s e m b l y . With C / M t e m p e r a t u r e a t 80°F and t h e mounting p l a t e t e m p e r a -
t u r e a t 5 5 O F , t h e m a x i m u m t i m e allowed f o r t h e BMAG t o r e a c h o p e r a t i n g
l i m i t s is 40 m i n u t e s . A few g y r o c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e l i s t e d a s follows.
Ac c e l e r a t i o n s e n s i t i v e d r i f t 4 deg/hr
Maximum self-torquing r a t e 25 d e g l s e c
Maximum attitude range 520 deg
AGCU coupled torquing l i m i t s 20' s e c r o l l , 5' s e c pitch and yaw
2. 3 . 4 . 2 . 2 Accelerometer.
T h e a c c e l e r o m e t e r is mounted along t h e s p a c e c r a f t X - a x i s t o s e n s e
velocity c h a n g e s along t h i s a x i s . It i s a pendulous-type a c c e l e r o m e t e r with
e l e c t r o n i c null and balance. T h e t e m p e r a t u r e is maintained a t 1 7 0 5 2 O F
under n o r m a l o p e r a t i n g conditions. A s i g n a l output is g e n e r a t e d by a
velocity change along t h e X - a x i s . T h i s velocity change c a u s e s t h e pendulous
m a s s to move, r e s u l t i n g i n a change of coupling between t h e p r i m a r y and
s e c o n d a r y windings of a s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r . T h i s r e s u l t s i n a n output signal
which is demodulated and amplified t o p r o v i d e a c c e l e r a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i n
t h e f o r m of d i g i t a l s i g n a l s to a c o u n t e r i n t h e d e l t a V d i s p l a y ( p a r a g r a p h
2. 3 . 4 . 1 0 ) . T h e pendulous m a s s is r e t u r n e d t o null by t h e balancing a c t i o n
of t h e e l e c t r o n i c caging s i g n a l when t h e velocity change c e a s e s .
SYSTEMS DATA
g i m b a l c o n t r o l is provided by a u t o m a t i c t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l ( T V C ) c i r c u i t r y
i n t h e pitch and yaw ECAs.
2. 3.4.4 A u x i l i a r y E l e c t r o n i c Control A s s e m b l y .
T h e d i s p l a y and a t t i t u d e g y r o a c c e l e r o m e t e r a s s e m b l y e l e c t r o n i c
c o n t r o l a s s e m b l y p r o v i d e s t h e e l e c t r o n i c c i r c u i t r y r e q u i r e d t o c o n t r o l and
power t h e d i s p l a y s , BMAGs, and a c c e l e r o m e t e r . The DISPLAY ECA
p o r t i o n c o n s i s t s of t h e c i r c u i t r y n e c e s s a r y to r e c e i v e and condition t h e
following:
Attitude r a t e - o f - c h a n g e s i g n a l s f r o m t h e r a t e g y r o s o r BMAGs t o
t h e FDAI a t t i t u d e r a t e i n d i c a t o r s
A c c e l e r o m e t e r s i g n a l s f r o m t h e AGAA t o t h e d e l t a V d i s p l a y
integrator.
T h e AGAA ECA p o r t i o n c o n s i s t s of c i r c u i t r y n e c e s s a r y t o a c c o m p l i s h
t h e following:
...
Condition t h e BMAG and a c c e l e r o m e t e r outputs t o t e l e m e t r y .
- SYSTEMS DATA
2. 3 . 4 . 6 Rotation C o n t r o l s .
P r o v i s i o n is m a d e to mount t h e c o n t r o l s a t f o u r d i f f e r e n t l o c a t i o n s in
t h e CIM: t h e r i g h t a r m r e s t of t h e l e f t c r e w couch, both a r m r e s t s of t h e
r i g h t c r e w couch, and at t h e navigation s t a t i o n i n t h e l o w e r equipment b a y .
N o r m a l l y , one c o n t r o l is a t t a c h e d to t h e l e f t c r e w couch mount and the
o t h e r is used a t any of t h e o t h e r t h r e e l o c a t i o n s . Simultaneous o p e r a t i o n
of both c o n t r o l s is p o s s i b l e but not a d v i s e d ; however, e a c h c o n t r o l h a s a
locking d e v i c e to p r e v e n t i n a d v e r t e n t o p e r a t i o n .
2. 3 . 4 . 7 Translation Controls.
T h e p r i m a r y c o n t r o l h a s s w i t c h e s which initiate a s p a c e c r a f t a b o r t if
t h e T - h a n d l e is r o t a t e d c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e . Both c o n t r o l s have s w i t c h e s
which enable manual t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l and d i s a b l e a u t o m a t i c a t t i t u d e
c o n t r o l i f t h e T - h a n d l e i s r o t a t e d c l o c k w i s e . Each c o n t r o l h a s a locking
d e v i c e to p r e v e n t i n a d v e r t e n t o p e r a t i o n of t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l .
Both c o n t r o l s a r e mounted i n t h e C / M on t h e l e f t a r m r e s t of t h e c r e w
couch. The p r i ; n a r y c o n t r o l is identified with yellow s t r i p e s and is the
only one provided with a b o r t switching c a p a b i l i t y .
SYSTEMS DATA --
PUSH T O TALK
ABORT
INITIATE
+Z
MNC EN~BLE AND/OR
AUTO A T 1 C O N T R O L DISABLE
(18')
PITCH
CONTROL
--
SYSTEMS DATA
ROTATI ON CONTROLLER II
< 26 VAC 400 CPS FROM PITCH ECA OR YAW ECA
I
I H--lI;}
I
TRANSDUCER
I
I
I
I
N-qI} TRANSDUCER
I
- ROLL PROPORTIONAL RATE COMMANDS TO ROLL ECA
I I DIRECT RCS
18 VDC FROM
I 1 I
I
D
,C MA1 N BUS A
OR DC M A I N BUS B
I
OFF (SEE NOTES)
DIRECT SWITCHES I
I
I PITCH
I
I DIRECT COMMANDS TO
RCS ENGINES DIRECT COILS
I I
I
I
I
I
I
:} YAW
I II
BREAKOUT SIGNAL TO
PITCH, ROLL A N D YAW ECA
I 1-1
I
CASE GROUND
SYSTEMS DATA
32
ROLL MOTIONS
DIRECT SWITCH
ACTUATION -4
FORCE-
INCH-POUNDS
BREAKOUT SWITCH
1
0
I
1
I
2 3
I
4
I 1
5 7
1
6 8 9
1 1
IO
I I I
I1
I
12
I
13
-
DISPLACEMENT DEGREES
-
ROTATION CONTROL STICK DISPLACEMENTS VS FORCES
14
12
FORCE-
INCH-POUNDS
-
DISPLACEMENT DEGREES
-
ROTATION CONTROL STICK DISPLACEMENTS VS FORCES
PITCH MOTIONS
FORCE -
INCH-POUNDS
DISPLACEMENT DEGREES -
-
ROTATION CONTROL STICK DISPLACEMENTS VS FORCES SM-?A-675
Figure 2. 3-10, Rotation Control Charts
- SYSTEMS DATA
.
I D C M A I N BUS A OR
I
TO MISSION SEQUENCER A
I
I ABORT I N I T I A T I O N S I G N A L
TO MISSION SEQUENCER B
1
II Ah 28 VDC FROM
DC MAIN BUS A OR
I
c--" I
I
+x
-X
' DC MAIN B U S B
I
TRANSLATION C O M M A N D S
I - Y T O S/M RCS ENGINES
A N U_ A L_ N C EN
M.
I
-b
SWITCH jCW,
.
I
I
I
I
I
.
<
<
DC M A I N BUS A OR
DC M A I N BUS 8
T O PITCH, YAW 6 ROLL
ECA
28 V D C
PUSH TO TALK
I C O M M U N I U T I ONS
I SM-2A-7106
F i g u r e 2 . 3 - 11. T r a n s l a t i o n C o n t r o l S c h e m a t i c
2.3.4. a F l i g h t D i r e c t o r Attitude I n d i c a t o r .
T h e flight d i r e c t o r a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r , l o c a t e d on MDC-4, p r o v i d e s
attitude, a t t i t u d e e r r o r , and a t t i t u d e r a t e - o f - c h a n g e d i s p l a y i n f o r m a t i o n .
( S e e f i g u r e 2. 3-12. ) T h e FDAI i n d i c a t e s a t t i t u d e r a t e of change and a t t i t u d e
e r r o r on i n d i c a t o r s and s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e on a 3 d e g r e e - o f - f r e e d o m ,
i n e r t i a l l y r e f e r e n c e d ball and r o l l i n d i c a t o r . T h e r o l l r a t e d i s p l a y i s
l o c a t e d a c r o s s t h e top of t h e FDAI. T h e p i t c h r a t e d i s p l a y is l o c a t e d along
t h e r i g h t s i d e of t h e FDAI. T h e yaw r a t e d i s p l a y is l o c a t e d a c r o s s t h e
bottom of t h e FDAI. T h e a t t i t u d e e r r o r d i s p l a y s a r e p o i n t e r s which m o v e
a c r o s s t h e f a c e of t h e ball. T h e r a t e and e r r o r d i s p l a y s a r e f l y - t o d i s p l a y s .
T h e r o l l a t t i t u d e p o i n t e r is l o c a t e d a t t h e top and points down t o w a r d s t h e
c e n t e r of t h e ball. T h e p i t c h a t t i t u d e p o i n t e r i s l o c a t e d a t the r i g h t and
points l e f t t o w a r d t h e c e n t e r of t h e ball. .The yaw p o i n t e r is l o c a t e d a t t h e
ROLL RATE
\
ROL
IN D NAVIGATION
/AXIS MARKER
--PITCH RATE
DISPUY
'PITCH ATTITUDE
ERROR DISPLAY
ATTITUDE BALL
\BODY AXIS
MARKER
YAW ATTITUDE
ERROR DISPLAY
/ ' YAW RATE
DISPLAY
F i g u r e 2. 3 - 12. F l i g h t D i r e c t o r Attitude I n d i c a t o r
-
SYSTEMS DATA
F u l 1- S c a 1<: De f 1e c t i o n
Mode Pitch I Roll I Yaw
~~~
F u l l - s c a l e Deflection
SYSTEMS DATA
--
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
The d e l t a V d i s p l a y p r o v i d e s c o n t r o l and d i s p l a y of s p a c e c r a f t
velocity c h a n g e s . T h e d i s p l a y p o r t i o n of the panel c o n s i s t s of the AV
REMAIMNG i n d i c a t o r , which is a f i v e - d i g i t d i s p l a y . The digital d i s p l a y
is s e t by the v a r i a b l e s p e e d A V S E T switch. T h r e e p a n e l s w i t c h e s c o n t r o l
the SPS and RCS engine f i r i n g c o m m a n d s . The DIRECT ULLAGE s w i t c h
is a pushbutton, m o m e n t a r y - c o n t a c t s w i t c h which, when d e p r e s s e d
e n e r g i z e s t h e d i r e c t c o i l s of t h e tX r e a c t i o n j e t s o l e n o i d s . It s e r v e s as a
backup f o r t h e t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l , which is u s e d u n d e r n o r m a l conditions
f o r tX t r a n s l a t i o n s f o r SPS f u e l s e t t l i n g ( u l l a g e ) . The THRUST ON s w i t c h
i s a n i l l u m i n a t e d pushbutton, m o m e n t a r y - c o n t a c t switch which is u s e d to
f i r e the SPS engine i n the SCS d e l t a V mode. The s w i t c h is enabled when
the SPS THRUST s w i t c h is i n the NORMAL position. The pitch and yaw
RCS c o n t r o l and f i r i n g c i r c u i t s a r e inhibited d u r i n g S P S engine f i r i n g .
A f t e r i g n i t i o n , the SPS engine continues to f i r e until t h e AV REMAINING
d i s p l a y c o u n t s down to z e r o . The THRUST ON switch i s a l s o u s e d to back
up t h e Apollo guidance c o m p u t e r f i r i n g c o m m a n d s in t h e G&N d e l t a V mode
i n the e v e n t of a n AGC f a i l u r e . The S P S THRUST s w i t c h p r o v i d e s o v e r a l l
c o n t r o l of SPS engine f i r i n g . The NORMAL p o s i t i o n e n a b l e s n o r m a l engine
f i r i n g s e q u e n c e s . The O F F position p r o v i d e s a p o s i t i v e off c o m m a n d as
backup i n c a s e of a malfunction. The DIRECT ON position p r o v i d e s a
p o s i t i v e f i r i n g c o m m a n d to the S P S engine.
-
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 3 . 4 . 11 E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r Distribution.
-
See f i g u r e s 2. 3-14 and 2 . 3-15
T h e X - a x i s a c c e l e r o m e t e r is a s e r v o - r e b a l a n c e d pendulous
a c c e l e r o m e t e r . Some of t h e a c c e l e r o m e t e r d e s i g n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e as
follow 5 .
Operating r a n g e 0.001 g to 2 g
Threshold I x 10-4 g ( m a x )
Null torque 1 x 10-4 g (max)
Signal g e n e r a t o r s e n s i t i v i t y 50 m i l l i v o l t s / m i l l i r a d
Signal g e n e r a t o r null 1 mr ( m a x )
T h e body-mounted attitude g y r o s a r e s i n g l e - d e g r e e - o f - f r e e d o m g y r o s .
Some of t h e g y r o d e s i g n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e a s follows.
A c c e l e r a t i o n s e n s i t i v e drift 4 deglhslg
Random d r i f t 0.05 deg/hr
M a x i m u m torquing rate 25 d e g l s e c
Maxi m u m input a t t i t u d e *20 deg
Gyro threshold 0 . 02 d e g / h r
G y r o t r a n s f e r function 1 . 15 m i l l i v o l t s / m i l l i r a d
Signal g e n e r a t o r null 3. 5 m i l l i v o l t s
Excitation f r e q u e n c y 400f0.01% CPS
2. 3. 6. 1 S/ C Attitude Change.
SYSTEMS DATA
A
PARTIAL SCS
POWER SW
- (AC91
ACl , ___,
A
PARTIAL CCZ
F i g u r e 2 . 3-14. SCS P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n
SYSTEMS DATA
-
REQUIRED SCS POWER SWITCHES
PARTIAL RATE ROTATION Tvc
SYSTEM C A P A B I L l T l E S Tvc 2
scs
POWER
GYRO
POWER POWER
POWER POWER
BACKUP RATE 0 0
CHANNEL ENABLE
ATTITUDE IMPULSE 0
~~ -
G A N SYNC
TRANSLATION 0
A V SET 0
S f 5 ENGINE IGNITION om
5. SCS modes only; also G A N modes i f backup rate has been selected i n any axis
SM- 2A-90W
FDA1
POWER FACTOR I ;::I I I
RGA POWER
POWER FACTOR 0.98 0.85 0.99
ROT. C O N 1 POWER
POWER FACTOR 0.92
TVCSW N0.I
POWER FACTOR
I16:4
0 96
1 1 I
8:7
0 86
8.7
0.86
16.3
I I I
TVC SW NO. 2
POWER FACTOR
BMAG POWER
POWER FACTOR
CONT PANEL INPUT ( I )
II 1
Ill:5
0 75
6.1
0.99
4:3
0 57
3.4
0.78
4.2
0.63
7.0 162.3
0.80
11 .a:
- SWITCH\
POWER FACTOR
FDA1
MoDE
I I
245 18.3 22.9
0.89
' 0.88
25.7
0.941
G L N AV
240
o h 1 o:wl
186 594
'
I
I
SCS AV LOCAL VERTICAL
NOTES:
1 . Power marrummenh made in w c h nwde. 4. Line losses and inverter efficiencies nat con-
'2. Power consunption assumed came in each mode. ridered.
Asterisk indicates mode in which mwsurament 5. A l l values indimted are in w o t h .
was made. 6. Figure &a nat include enegiring RCS enginn
3. h a r u r m e n t ~made with SPS engine o f f . (Two b r manwven.
solenaids and 2 relays.)
SM-24-754D
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 3 . 7 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
An a s t e r i s k (*) by t h e m e a s u r e m e n t n u m b e r d e n o t e s i n f o r m a t i o n
which i s not a v a i l a b l e f o r r e c o r d i n g o r t e l e m e t r y t r a n s m i s s i o n d u r i n g P C M
low-bit rate o p e r a t i o n .
Measurement
Number Description S e n s o r Range C r e w Display
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~ ~~
Measurement
Number Description S e n s o r Range C r e w Display
~ ~ ~~
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 4
T h e s e r v i c e propulsion s u b s y s t e m p r o v i d e s the m a j o r i m p u l s e f o r a l l
m a j o r velocity changes ( A V ' s ) throughout a m i s s i o n , plus the S I M a b o r t
a f t e r the launch e s c a p e tower is jettisoned. T o p e r f o r m this function, the
s u s b y s t e m i n c o r p o r a t e s a helium p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m , a p r o p e l l a n t f e e d
s y s t e m , a propellant gauging and utilization s y s t e m , and a r o c k e t engine.
T h e o x i d i z e r is nitrogen t e t r o x i d e , a n d the fuel is a blended h y d r a z i n e
( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 50% u n s y m m e t r i c a l dimethyl h y d r a z i n e a n d 50% anhydrous
hydrazine). T h e p r e s s u r i z i n g g a s i s helium. T h e s u b s y s t e m i n c o r p o r a t e s
d i s p l a y s and s e n s i n g d e v i c e s t o p e r m i t ground-based s t a t i o n s and the c r e w
to m o n i t o r i t s operation.
T h e h e l i u m p r e s s u r e is d i r e c t e d to the helium p r e s s u r i z i n g v a l v e s
which i s o l a t e the helium during nonthrusting p e r i o d s , o r allows the helium
to p r e s s u r i z e the fuel a n d o x i d i z e r tanks d u r i n g t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d s . T h e
helium p r e s s u r e i s r e d u c e d a t the p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s to a d e s i r e d working
p r e s s u r e . T h e r e g u l a t e d helium p r e s s u r e is d i r e c t e d through c h e c k v a l v e s
that p e r m i t helium flow in the d o w n s t r e a m d i r e c t i o n when the p r e s s u r i z i n g
valves a r e open, a n d p r e v e n t a r e v e r s e flow of p r o p e l l a n t s d u r i n g non-
t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d s . T h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s t r a n s f e r h e a t f r o m the p r o p e l l a n t s
to the helium g a s to r e d u c e any p r e s s u r e e x c u r s i o n s that m a y r e s u l t f r o m a
t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l between the h e l i u m g a s a n d p r o p e l l a n t s i n the tanks.
T h e relief v a l v e s m a i n t a i n the s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y of the propellant tank
s y s t e m s if a n excessive p r e s s u r e r i s e occurs.
SYSTEMS DATA
A p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n v a l v e is i n s t a l l e d i n the o x i d i z e r l i n e , and
i s p o w e r e d only d u r i n g SPS t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d s . T h e p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n
valve a i d s i n m a i n t a i n i n g the c e n t e r of mass i n a r e l a t i v e l y confined a r e a i n
the Y - Z plane, i n addition to s i m u l t a n e o u s p r o p e l l a n t depletion. T h e
o x i d i z e r supply and f u e l supply a r e connected f r o m the s u m p tank to t h e
engine i n t e r f a c e flange.
T h e a b l a t i v e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r a b s o r b s the h e a t g e n e r a t e d within
the c h a m b e r . T h e n o z z l e e x t e n s i o n is a t t a c h e d to the a b l a t i v e c h a m b e r and
r a d i a t e s to s p a c e .
P r o p e l l a n t quantity i s m e a s u r e d by two s e p a r a t e s e n s i n g s y s t e m s :
p r i m a r y and a u x i l i a r y . T h e s e n s i n g s y s t e m s a r e p o w e r e d only d u r i n g
t h r u s t - o n p e r i o d s due to the c a p a c i t a n c e and point s e n s o r m e a s u r i n g
techniques. T h e l i n e a r i t y would not p r o v i d e a c c u r a t e i n d i c a t i o n s d u r i n g t h e
z e r o g SPS nonthrusting periods.
T h e c o n t r o l of the s u b s y s t e m i s a u t o m a t i c with p r o v i s i o n s f o r m a n u a l
override.
2.4.2.1 P r e s s u r i z a t i o n Subsystem.
T h e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s u b s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of two h e l i u m t a n k s , two
h e l i u m p r e s s u r i z i n g v a l v e s , two d u a l p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r a s s e m b l i e s , two
d u a l c h e c k valve a s s e m b l i e s , two p r e s s u r e r e l i e f v a l v e s , and two h e a t
e x c h a n g e r s . T h e c r i t i c a l c o m p o n e n t s a r e redundant to i n c r e a s e reliability.
SERVICE PROPU&ICJN S Y S T ~ M
page 2.4-2 .
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 Nov 1966 Change D a t e
I
I
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I
6 1
r=
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8
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513
. .. .._ .
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. -.
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
1' I
I 4
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F i g u r e 2.4-1. SPS F u n c t i o n a l F l o w D i a g r a m
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SYSTEMS DATA
2.4.2. 1. l,*-
J
Helium T a n k s .
4
?
T h e two helium supply s p h e r i c a l p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s a r e i l o c a t e d i n the
c e n t e r s e c t i o n of the s e r v i c e module. f
P r F s s u r e r e g u l a t i o n i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by two p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i n g u n i t s
i n p a r a l l e l , d o w n s t r e a m of e a c h h e l i u m p r e s s u r i z i n g valve. E a c h r e g u l a t o r
unit c o n t a i n s a p r i m a r y and s e c o n d a r y r e g u l a t o r in s e r i e s , and a p r e s s u r e
s u r g e d a m p e r i n s t a l l e d on the i n l e t to e a c h r e g u l a t i n g unit.
_.
SYSTEMS DATA
E a c h a s s e m b l y c o n t a i n s f o u r independent c h e c k v a l v e s c o n n e c t e d i n a
s e r i e s - p a r a l l e l c o n f i g u r a t i o n which p r o v i d e s added redundancy. T h e c h e c k
v a l v e s will not open until t h e r e i s a 4 - p s i p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l between the
c h e c k valve a s s e m b l y i n l e t and o u t l e t l i n e s .
T h e p r e s s u r e r e l i e f v a l v e s c o n s i s t of a r e l i e f v a l v e , a b u r s t d i a p h r a g m ,
and a f i l t e r .
I n this e v e n t , e x c e s s i v e h e l i u m a n d / o r p r o p e l l a n t v a p o r r u p t u r e s the
b u r s t d i a p h r a g m and the f i l t e r ( f i l t e r is to be a n o n f r a g m e n t a t i o n type) f i l t e r s
any f r a g m e n t a t i o n . T h e r e l i e f valve o p e n s and v e n t s the a p p l i c a b l e s y s t e m
to s p a c e , a n d w i l l c l o s d and r e s e a l a f t e r the e x c e s s i v e p r e s s u r e h a s r e t u r n e d
to t h e o p e r a t i n g l e v e l . T h e b u r s t d i a p h r a g m p r o v i d e s a m o r e p o s i t i v e s e a l
of h e l i u m than a r e l i e f valve. T h e f i l t e r p r e v e n t s any f r a g m e n t s f r o m the
d i a p h r a g m f r o m e n t e r i n g the r e l i e f valve s e a t .
A p r e s s u r e b l e e d d e v i c e is i n c o r p o r a t e d between t h e b u r s t d i a p h r a g m
a n d r e l i e f valve. T h e b l e e d valve v e n t s the cavity between t h e b u r s t d i a -
p h r a g m and r e l i e f valve i n the event of any l e a k a g e f r o m the d i a p h r a g m .
T h e b l e e d d e v i c e is n o r m a l l y open and will c l o s e when t h e p r e s s u r e i n c r e a s e s
up to a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p r e s s u r e .
E a c h unit is a l i n e - m o u n t e d , c o u n t e r f l o w h e a t e x c h a n g e r c o n s i s t i n g
of a p o r t i o n of t h e h e l i u m p r e s s u r i z a t i o n line, c o i l e d h e l i c a l l y within an
e n l a r g e d s e c t i o n of the p r o p e l l a n t supply line. T h i s a r r a n g e m e n t c a u s e s
t h e h e l i u m g a s , flowing through t h e c o i l e d line, to a p p r o a c h the t e m p e r a t u r e
of t h e p r o p e l l a n t .
SYSTEMS DATA
2.4.2.3 B i p r o p e l l a n t Valve A s s e m b l y .
T h e b i p r o p e l l a n t v a l v e a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of two g a s e o u s n i t r o g e n
(GN2) p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s , two i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e s , two GN2 r e g u l a t o r s , t w o
GN2 r e l i e f v a l v e s , f o u r solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s , f o u r a c t u a t o r s , and
eight p r o p e l l a n t b a l l v a l v e s .
2.4.2.3.1 G a s e o u s N i t r o g e n (GN2) P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s .
2.4.2.3.2 Inj e c t o r Pr e v a l v e s .
T h e i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e s a r e two-position s o l e n o i d - o p e r a t e d v a l v e s ,
one f o r e a c h p n e u m a t i c c o n t r o l s y s t e m and i d e n t i f i e d as A and B. T h e
valve i s e n e r g i z e d open and s p r i n g - l o a d e d c l o s e d . T h e i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e
i s opened upon c o m m a n d f r o m the c r e w , p a n e l 3, p r i o r to a n engine
t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d . T h e i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e s e n e r g i z e d open allows GN2
supply tank p r e s s u r e to flow to a n o r i f i c e and on i n t o the r e g u l a t o r .
2. 4.2.3.3 GN2 P r e s s u r e R e g u l a t o r s .
A s i n g l e - s t a g e r e g u l a t o r is i n s t a l l e d i n e a c h p n e u m a t i c c o n t r o l
s y s t e m between the i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e s and the s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s . T h e
r e g u l a t o r r e d u c e s the supply GN2 p r e s s u r e to a d e s i r e d working p r e s s u r e .
--.-
SYSTEMS DATA
A p r e s s u r e r e l i e f valve is i n s t a l l e d i n e a c h p n e u m a t i c c o n t r o l s y s t e m ,
d o w n s t r e a m of the GN2 p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s , to l i m i t the p r e s s u r e applied
to t h e solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s i n t h e event a GN2 p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r m a l -
functioned open. T h e o r i f i c e , between the i n j e c t o r p r e v a l v e a n d r e g u l a t o r ,
is i n s t a l l e d to r e s t r i c t the flow a n d a l l o w the r e l i e f valve to r e l i e v e the
p r e s s u r e i n event the r e g u l a t o r fails to open, p r e v e n t i n g any d a m a g e to the
solenoid control valves a n d / o r actuators.
F o u r s o l e n o i d - o p e r a t e d , t h r e e - w a y , two-position c o n t r o l v a l v e s a r e
u t i l i z e d f o r a c t u a t o r c o n t r o l . Two solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s a r e l o c a t e d
d o w n s t r e a m of the GN2 r e g u l a t o r s i n e a c h p n e u m a t i c c o n t r o l s y s t e m . T h e
two s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s i n the p r i m a r y s y s t e m a r e identified i n 1 and 2 ,
and t h e two i n the s e c o n d a r y s y s t e m a r e identified as 3 a n d 4. T h e two
s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s i n the p r i m a r y s y s t e m c o n t r o l the a c t u a t o r and b a l l
v a l v e s 1 and 2 . T h e two s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s in the s e c o n d a r y s y s t e m
c o n t r o l the a c t u a t o r and b a l l v a l v e s 3 a n d 4. T h e SPS t h r u s t ON-OFF c o m -
m a n d c o n t r o l s the e n e r g i z i n g o r d e - e n e r g i z i n g of a l l f o u r solenoid c o n t r o l
valves.
F o u r p i s t o n - t y p e , p n e u m a t i c a l l y o p e r a t e d a c t u a t o r s a r e u t i l i z e d to
c o n t r o l t h e e i g h t p r o p e l l a n t b a l l v a l v e s . E a c h a c t u a t o r p i s t o n is m e c h a n -
i c a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o a p a i r of p r o p e l l a n t b a l l v a l v e s ; one f u e l and one
o x i d i z e r . Wben the solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s a r e opened, p n e u m a t i c p r e s -
s u r e is a p p l i e d to the opening s i d e of the a c t u a t o r s . T h e s p r i n g p r e s s u r e ,
on the c l o s i n g s i d e , i s o v e r c o m e a n d the a c t u a t o r piston m o v e s . Utilizing
a r a c k and pinion g e a r , l i n e a r m o t i o n of the a c t u a t o r connecting a r m i s
c o n v e r t e d i n t o r o t a r y motion, which opens t h e p r o p e l l a n t b a l l valves.
When the engine f i r i n g s i g n a l i s r e m o v e d f r o m the solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s ,
the s o l e n o i d c o n t r o l v a l v e s c l o s e r e m o v i n g p n e u m a t i c p r e s s u r e s o u r c e
f r o m t h e opening s i d e of the a c t u a t o r s . T h e a c t u a t o r c l o s i n g s i d e s p r i n g
p r e s s u r e now f o r c e s the a c t u a t o r p i s t o n to m o v e i n the o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n ,
c a u s i n g the p r o p e l l a n t b a l l valves to c l o s e . T h e p i s t o n m o v e m e n t f o r c e s
the r e m a i n i n g GN2, on the opening s i d e of the a c t u a t o r , b a c k through t h e
solenoid c o n t r o l v a l v e s w h e r e they a r e vented o v e r b o a r d .
T h e e i g h t p r o p e l l a n t b a l l v a l v e s a r e u s e d to d i s t r i b u t e f u e l and
o x i d i z e r to the engine i n j e c t o r a s s e m b l y . F o u r linked p a i r s , e a c h p a i r
c o n s i s t i n g of one f u e l and one o x i d i z e r b a l l valve c o n t r o l l e d by a s i n g l e
a c t u a t o r , a r e a r r a n g e d in a s e r i e s - p a r a l l e l configuration. T h e p a r a l l e l
a r r a n g e m e n t p r o v i d e s redundancy to e n s u r e engine ignition, and the
s e r i e s a r r a n g e m e n t to' e n s u r e t h r u s t t e r m i n a t i o n . When the a c t u a t o r s
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 4 . 2 . 3.8 Engine P r o p e l l a n t L i n e s .
I n t e g r a l p r o p e l l a n t l i n e s a r e utilized, on t h e engine, to r o u t e e a c h
p r o p e l l a n t f r o m the i n t e r f a c e points i n the g i m b a l p l a n e a r e a to the p r o -
p e l l a n t engine gimbaling, o r i f i c e s f o r a d j u s t m e n t of o x i d i z e r / f u e l r a t i o ,
and s c r e e n s f o r keeping p a r t i c l e c o n t a m i n a n t s f r o m e n t e r i n g the engine.
2.4.2.4 Engine I n j e c t o r .
T h e a b l a t i v e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r m a t e r i a l extends f r o m the i n j e c t o r
a t t a c h pad to the n o z z l e e x t e n s i o n a t t a c h pad. T h e a b l a t i v e m a t e r i a l
c o n s i s t s of a l i n e r , a l a y e r of insulation, i n t e g r a l m e t a l a t t a c h f l a n g e s f o r
mounting the i n j e c t o r and nozzle e x t e n s i o n , and s t r u c t u r a l o u t e r r e i n f o r c e -
ment. T h e only r e s t r i c t i o n on a r e s t a r t is dependent upon the SPS WALL
T E M P HI caution and w a r n i n g light, on p a n e l 11, m o n i t o r i n g the o u t s i d e
w a l l t e m p e r a t u r e a t the t h r o a t .
T h e b e l l - c o n t o u r e d , n o z z l e e x t e n s i o n is bolted to the a b l a t i v e t h r u s t
c h a m b e r exit a r e a . T h e n o z z l e e x t e n s i o n is r a d i a n t - c o o l e d and c o n t a i n s an
e x t e r n a l s t i f f e n e r to p r o v i d e additional s t r e n g t h .
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e t h r e e a c c e l e r o m e t e r s p r o v i d e s i g n a l s i n t o a n FCSM box a s s e m b l y
which a m p l i f i e s i t and, when the v i b r a t i o n g - l e v e l e x c e e d s 180 g ' s peak to
p e a k f o r 70*20 m i l l i s e c o n d s , a l e v e l d e t e c t o r t r i g g e r s a power switch gating
p o w e r to t h e s u m m i n g logic. T h e stability m o n i t o r w i l l m o n i t o r only i n a
f r e q u e n c y r a n g e w h e r e i n s t a b i l i t y would o c c u r ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 600 to 5000
cycles p e r second).
T h e s u m m i n g l o g i c , i f t h e r e a r e two o r m o r e rough c o m b u s t i o n
s i g n a l s r e c e i v e d f r o m the n o r m a l l y c l o s e d c o n t a c t s , w i l l open r e m o v i n g
p o w e r f r o m the G&N and SCS d r i v e r logic; and w i l l c l o s e t h e n o r m a l l y open
c o n t a c t s p r o v i d i n g a ground to the S P S ROUGH ECO caution and w a r n i n g
light, on p a n e l 10, i n f o r m i n g the c r e w the S P S engine w a s s h u t down due to
combustion instability.
b. A V s w i t c h to O F F .
c. ATTITUDE-MONITOR-ENTRY s w i t c h to e i t h e r MONITOR o r
ENTRY.
d. FCSM SCS and G & N s w i t c h e s to RESET/OVERRIDE.
T h e RESET/OVERRIDE s w i t c h e s , on p a n e l 2 , p r o v i d e a b y p a s s
c a p a b i l i t y of t h e FCSM s y s t e m . With the FCSM RESET/OVERRIDE
s w i t c h e s , on p a n e l 2 , i n the RESET/OVERRIDE position, p o w e r i s not
p r o v i d e d to the FCSM box and s u m m i n g logic a s s e m b l i e s r e n d e r i n g the
FCSM i n o p e r a t i v e as w e l l a s t h e S P S ROUGH E C O c a u t i o n a n d w a r n i n g
light o n p a n e l 10. If u n s t a b l e c o m b u s t i o n o c c u r s , the engine c o n t i n u e s to
thrust.
0
SM2A-03-SCOlZ
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
P r o p e l l a n t T e m p e r a t u r e I n d i c a t o r R e a d i n g 'F
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 t20 t40 t6O t80 tl00 t120 t140 t160 t180 t2OO
to t13.33 t26.67 t40 t53.34 t66.67 t80 t93.34 t106.67 tl2O t133.34 t146.67 t160 t173.34 t186.67 t2OO
E a c h a c t u a t o r a s s e m b l y ( f i g u r e 2.4-3) c o n s i s t s of f o u r e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c
p a r t i c l e c l u t c h e s , two d - c m o t o r s , a b u l l g e a r , j a c k s c r e w and r a m , b a l l
nut, f o u r l i n e a r p o s i t i o n t r a n s d u c e r s , and two velocity g e n e r a t o r s . T h e
a c t u a t o r a s s e m b l y i s a s e a l e d unit and e n c l o s e t h o s e p o r t i o n s p r o t r u d i n g
f r o m the m a i n housing.
Mission B a s i c Date
SERVICE PROPULSION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
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- SYSTEMS DATA
F i g u r e 2.4-3. SPS E l e c t r o - M e c h a n i c a l G i m b a l A c t u a t o r
One m o t o r a n d a p a i r of c l u t c h e s ( e x t e n d a n d r e t r a c t ) a r e i d e n t i f i e d
a s s y s t e m No. 1, and t h e r e m a i n i n g m o t o r a n d p a i r of c l u t c h e s ( e x t e n d and
r e t r a c t ) a r e identified a s s y s t e m No. 2 within t h e s p e c i f i c a c t u a t o r .
An o v e r and u n d e r c u r r e n t r e l a y is e m p l o y e d f o r e a c h p r i m a r y g i m b a l
m o t o r ( f i g u r e 2.4-4), and is c o n t r o l l e d individually by a switch on p a n e l 3 .
When t h e p r i m a r y GIMBAL MOTORS s w i t c h e s a r e p l a c e d to t h e START
p o s i t i o n , p o w e r is a p p l i e d to t h e m o t o r - d r i v e n switch within t h e over and
u n d e r c u r r e n t r e l a y of the p r i m a r i e s . T h e m o t o r s w i t c h then s u p p l i e s p o w e r
f r o m t h e m a i n b u s A to the g i m b a l m o t o r . When t h e s w i t c h is r e l e a s e d , i t
s p r i n g - l o a d s to t h e ON p o s i t i o n which a c t i v a t e s the o v e r and u n d e r c u r r e n t
s e n s i n g c i r c u i t r y of the p r i m a r y r e l a y which m o n i t o r s t h e c u r r e n t to the
gimbal motor.
T h e o v e r and u n d e r c u r r e n t r e l a y of the p r i m a r i e s a r e u t i l i z e d to
m o n i t o r the c u r r e n t to t h e g i m b a l m o t o r due to t h e v a r i a b l e c u r r e n t flow
to t h e g i m b a l m o t o r t h a t is dependent upon t h e g i m b a l a n g l e change r e q u i r e d .
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e p r i m a r y s w i t c h e s on p a n e l 3 a r e then p l a c e d i n t h e O F F position.
N o r m a l l y the OFF p o s i t i o n is u s e d to s h u t down the g i m b a l m o t o r s upon
the c o m p l e t i o n of a t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d .
T h e s e c o n d a r y s w i t c h e s on p a n e l 3 a r e then p l a c e d to O F F position.
N o r m a l l y , t h e O F F p o s i t i o n is u s e d to s h u t down the g i m b a l m o t o r s upon the
c o m p l e t i o n of a t h r u s t i n g p e r i o d .
T h e c l u t c h e s a r e of a m a g n e t i c p a r t i c l e type. T h e g i m b a l m o t o r d r i v e
g e a r m e s h e s with the g e a r on the c l u t c h housing. T h e g e a r s on e a c h
c l u t c h housing m e s h and as a r e s u l t , the clutch housings c o u n t e r r o t a t e .
T h e c u r r e n t input is applied to the e l e c t r o - m a g n e t mounted to the r o t a t i n g
c l u t c h housing f r o m the s t a b i l i z a t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m o r i n the guidance and
navigation s y s t e m through the s t a b i l i z a t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m . A q u i e s c e n t
INPUTS ENGINE
IGNITION
Tvc No. 1
POWER I I L1'v'l'Ln I
Tvc .
MONlTOR
TO SCS
INTEGRATOR
PANEL 6
lV GIMBAL
TRIM
THUMBWHEEL
1 ROTATION CONTROL
1 ANDRATECAGE
Missi
. : ;-. . . .
.-. .
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
OVER UNDER
sM I CAUTION AND
WARNING
PANEL 11
I,,----
------
--
I I SM-2A-1079
Figure 2.4-4. SPS Yaw Gimbal Actuator Motor and Clutch Control
SYSTEMS DATA
A snubbing d e v i c e p r o v i d e s a h a r d s t o p f o r a n additional I - d e g r e e
t r a v e l beyond the n o r m a l g i m b a l l i m i t s .
T h e s u b s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of eight p r o p e l l a n t quantity s e n s o r s , a p r o -
p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n v a l v e , a c o n t r o l unit, and a d i s p l a y unit ( f i g u r e s 2.4-6
and 2.4-7).
P r o p e l l a n t quantity i s m e a s u r e d by two s e p a r a t e s e n s i n g s y s t e m s :
p r i m a r y and a u x i l i a r y . T h e p r i m a r y quantity s e n s o r s a r e c y l i n d r i c a l
c a p a c i t a n c e p r o b e s , mounted a x i a l l y i n e a c h tank. I n t h e o x i d i z e r t a n k s ,
t h e p r o b e s c o n s i s t of a p a i r of c o n c e n t r i c e l e c t r o d e s with o x i d i z e r u s e d as
t h e d i e l e c t r i c . I n the f u e l t a n k s , a p y r e x g l a s s p r o b e , c o a t e d with s i l v e r
on t h e i n s i d e , is u s e d as one conductor of the c a p a c i t o r . F u e l on the out-
s i d e of t h e p r o b e i s the o t h e r c o n d u c t o r . T h e p y r e x g l a s s itself f o r m s t h e
d i e l e c t r i c . T h e a u x i l i a r y s y s t e m u t i l i z e s point s e n s o r s mounted a t i n t e r v a l s
a l o n g t h e p r i m a r y p r o b e s to p r o v i d e a s t e p function i m p e d a n c e change
when t h e liquid l e v e l p a s s e s t h e i r l o c a t i o n c e n t e r l i n e .
P r i m a r y p r o p e l l a n t m e a s u r e m e n t i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by the p r o b e s
c a p a c i t a n c e being a l i n e a r function of p r o p e l l a n t height.
A u x i l i a r y p r o p e l l a n t m e a s u r e m e n t is a c c o m p l i s h e d by l o c a t i n g the
p r o p e l l a n t l e v e l with point s e n s o r s . E a c h point s e n s o r c o n s i s t s of c o n -
c e n t r i c m e t a l r i n g s , s e v e n in the s t o r a g e tanks and eight i n the s u m p t a n k s .
T h e r i n g s p r e s e n t a v a r i a b l e i m p e d a n c e , depending on w h e t h e r they a r e
c o v e r e d o r u n c o v e r e d by the p r o p e l l a n t s . When the p r o p e l l a n t s a r e between
point s e n s o r s , the p r o p e l l a n t s r e m a i n i n g a r e i n t e g r a t e d by a r a t e flow
g e n e r a t o r which i n t e g r a t e s the s e r v o s a t a r a t e p r o p o r t i o n a l to the n o r m a l
flow r a t e of the f u e l and o x i d i z e r . A m o d e s e l e c t o r s e n s e s when the p r o -
p e l l a n t c r o s s e s a s e n s o r and c h a n g e s t h e a u x i l i a r y s e r v o s f r o m the flow
r a t e g e n e r a t o r m o d e to the position m o d e , t h e s y s t e m m o v e s to the location
s p e c i f i e d by t h e d i g i t a l - t o - a n a l o g c o n v e r t e r f o r 3 / 4 second to c o r r e c t f o r
any d i f f e r e n c e . T h e s y s t e m then r e t u r n s t o the flow r a t e g e n e r a t o r m o d e
until t h e next point s e n s o r is r e a c h e d . F i g u r e s 2. 4 - 8 and 2 . 4 - 9 i l l u s t r a t e
p o i n t s e n s o r l o c a t i o n s t h a t a r e c o v e r e d by p r o p e l l a n t s . T h e nonsequential
p a t t e r n d e t e c t o r functions to d e t e c t f a l s e o r faulty s e n s o r s i g n a l s . If a
s e n s o r h a s failed, the i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h a t s e n s o r i s blocked f r o m t h e
s y s t e m , p r e v e n t i n g d i s r u p t i o n of s y s t e m computation.
B a s i c Date
SERVICE PROPULSION SYSTEM
12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
.
2.4-18
Mission
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
--
SYSTEMS DATA
-
VI
W
E:
- -
V
VI
V
m
0
-4
m
3
W W a
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+ I
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I
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+ , + , B
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N
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EE
SYSTEMS DATA
SERVICE'IPROPU-L$ION SYSTEM
.io nu
1416% 0
CAPACIlANCt
PROllt F U U No. I
I
SYSTEMS DATA
I
I I
I
I
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I i 1 I I I
q
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SYSTEMS DATA
M
rd
L4
a
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1 - N' 4
rd
0
k
Ez Y
d
0
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d
0
Y
.rl
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6(
SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS D A T A
USEABLE
NE1
POUNDS
SM-?A-1110
SYSTEMS DATA
&ABLE
OXIDIZER
POUNDS
. . ~ . .--. .
.... - ..
200 600 IO00 1400 le00 2200 2600 3OOO 3400 3800 4x)O 4600 5ooo 5400 5800 6200
bM-2A-IIOP
SYSTEMS DATA
OXIDIZER R E M A I N I N G -
PERCENTAGE O F TOTAL
CAPACITY
SM-244-899
F i g u r e 2 . 4 - 10. P r o p e l l a n t Unbalance Warning S y s t e m Output C h a r t
SYSTEMS DATA
d i f f e r e n t r a t e s ( o x i d i z e r a t a r a t e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 digits p e r s e c o n d and
f u e l a t a r a t e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 5 digits p e r s e c o n d ) , r e s u l t i n g i n a n
unbalance and i n d i c a t e d on t h e unbalance d i s p l a y as a n INC ( c l o c k w i s e
rotation). T L M would r e c e i v e a n i n c r e a s e i n p r o p e l l a n t quantity f r o m the
p r i m a r y system simultaneously.
T h e p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n v a l v e c o n t r o l s a r e on p a n e l 20. T h e VALVE
switch s e l e c t s the p r i m a r y or s e c o n d a r y p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i a a t i o n valve.
N o r m a l position of the VALVE s w i t c h is PRIMARY. T h e OXIDIZER FLOW
s w i t c h is u t i l i z e d to p o s i t i o n the p r i m a r y o r s e c o n d a r y p r o p e l l a n t u t i l i z a t i o n
SYSTEMS DATA
The backup d e l t a V m o d e , is t h e s t a b i l i z a t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m d e l t a V
mode which h a s l i m i t a t i o n s and r e s t r i c t i o n s t h a t r e q u i r e individual con-
s i d e r a t i o n . The SCS AV m o d e of o p e r a t i o n will r e q u i r e enabling SCS AND
g a t e 1 to i n i t i a t e t h r u s t i n g of t h e engine. SCS AND g a t e 1 h a s t h r e e enabling
i n p u t s : t h e input f r o m OR g a t e 1 i n d i c a t i n g a AV m o d e is s e l e c t e d ; the
output f r o m the DECA i n d i c a t i n g a value g r e a t e r than z e r o on t h e AV
REMAINING d i s p l a y ; and t h e i n p u t f r o m t h e THRUST ON pushbutton light
i n d i c a t o r a f t e r i t is p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h NAND g a t e s 3 and 4. The one logic
output f r o m SCS AND g a t e 1 is i n v e r t e d by INVERTER 2 to a z e r o logic
which d i s a b l e s AND g a t e 6 and i s i n v e r t e d by INVERTER 4 to a logic one,
SYSTEMS DATA
r
of SPS r e l a y s t e r m i n a t i n g t h r u s t . (Manual backup of the THRUST CONTROL
s w i t c h to OFF. )
I
p e r m i t t h r u s t buildup f r o m t h e SPS engine b e f o r e the ullage m a n e u v e r is
t e r m i n a t e d ; h o w e v e r , the pitch and yaw a t t i t u d e e r r o r i n p u t s a r e i n s e r t e d
into the TVC e l e c t r o n i c s i m m e d i a t e l y . T h i s a c t i o n a s s u r e s positive g f o r c e s
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 4. 3. 1 Design Data.
P R O P E L L A N T UTILIZATION I n c r e a s e p o s i t i o n - 46.65 l b s / s e c o n d
R e s p o n s e t i m e - N o r m a l to i n c r e a s e o r
v i c e - v e r s a , o r n o r m a l to d e c r e a s e o r
v i c e - v e r s a i s 3 to 4 s e c o n d s
SYSTEMS DATA
F l o w c a p a c i t y 3 l b s / s e c o n d m i n i m u m at 60 F
and 250 psig
SYSTEMS DATA
NOMINAL P R O P E L L A N T 175k4 p s i a
TANK WORKING PRESSURE
145 p s i m a x i m u m lockup p r e s s u r e .
B a l l v a l v e s 2 and 3 d r y opening t r a v e l t i m e
of 0. 325*0. 1 second.
B a l l v a l v e s 1 and 4 d r y closing t r a v e l t i m e
of 0. 375*0.05 second
B a l l v a l v e s 2 and 3 d r y c l o s i n g t r a v e l t i m e
of 0. 575*0. 1 second
Capable of 36 r e s t a r t s
Expansion r a t i o , 6 to 1 a t ablative c h a m b e r
exit a r e a , 62. 5 to 1 a t nozzle extension exit
area.
O x i d i z e r l e a d , 8 deg.
Length, 152.82 i n c h e s
--
M i s s ion B a s i c Date
SERVICE PROPULSION SYSTEM
l2 1966 Change Date Page
.
2-4-32
SM2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
Nozzle e x t e n s i o n e x i t d i a m e t e r , 94. 4 i n c h e s
Weight, a p p r o x i m a t e l y 650 l b s
Ablative c h a m b e r t h r o a t t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r
i l l u m i n a t e s SPS WALL T E M P HI c a u t i o n and
w a r n i n g l i g h t o n panel 11 a t 380 "F, one
s e n s o r per h a r n e s s .
S P S Pc t r a n s d u c e r , Pc d i s p l a y e d on panel 3
t h r o u g h L / V AOA, SPS Pc s w i t c h to L / V
AOA, SPS P c i n d i c a t o r , g r e e n r a n g e o n
i n d i c a t o r i s 65 to 12570, n o r m a l Pc 8 5 to
125 p s i a .
O v e r c u r r e n t dependent upon t e m p e r a t u r e
d u r i n g s t a r t t r a n s i e n t a n d s t e a d y s t a t e of
gimbal motor on p r i m a r y . Secondary con-
t r o l l e d by 7 0 - a m p c i r c u i t b r e a k e r .
2 . 4 . 3. 2 P e r f o r m a n c e Data.
Mission
SERVICE PROPULSION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
Subsystem and
Component Control
No. of
UNtS
-Watt!
AC
e r Unit
DC
-
Tota Natts
AC DC
pitch
yaw
T h r u s t Oh
511.k
511*
I 1022
pitch
Yaw
Maxlmum
7754
175%
I I550
pitch
Yaw
C h a n n e l I1
1 8 00*<
1ano.r I 3600
Idle
pitch
Yaw
Boost
335.**
3 3 5r:, h
I 670
pitch
yaw
Thrust O N
3 3 5 ,*,k
335** I 67 0
pitch
Yaw
Maxlmum
335**
3 3 5 ::
1:s
I 670
*With q u i e s c e n t c u r r e n t
pitch
Yaw
335*a
3 35:"k
I- -- 570
**Without q u i e s c e n t c u r r e n t
.4bove s t a t e m e n t s a s s u m e c h a n n e l I is t h e o p e r a t i n g c h a n n e l a n d c h a n n e l I1 i s s t a n d b v . C h a n n e l I
o p e r a t i n g v a l u e s a p p l i c a b l e t o c h a n n e l II when c h a n n e l I1 i s c o m m a n d e d . 2 h - v d c s u p p l v v a l u e s .
c u r r e n t d r a w v a l u e s n o t a d i r e c t f u n c t i o n of a n a p p l i e d v o l t a g e .
SYSTEMS DATA
See f i g u r e 2 . 4 - 1 1 f o r e l e c t r i c a l power d i s t r i b u t i o n .
The o p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s a n d r e s t r i c t i o n s of t h e S P S a r e as
follows:
a . P r o p e l l a n t quantity gauging s u b s y s t e m is o p e r a t i o n a l oniy d u r i n g
engine f i r i n g . A 4. 5 - s e c o n d f i r i n g p e r i o d is r e q u i r e d b e f o r e p r o p e l l a n t
quantity i n f o r m a t i o n is updated, when SENSOR s w i t c h i s i n t h e NORM o r
PRI position. Delay is b u i l t - i n t o a l l o w p r o p e l l a n t s to s e t t l e and s t a b i l i z e
b e f o r e updating t h e d i s p l a y s .
b. A o n e - s e c o n d t i m e d e l a y between a c t u a t i o n of GIMBAL MOTOR
s w i t c h e s (MDC-3) i s r e q u i r e d , a s s i m u l t a n e o u s a c t u a t i o n m a y r e s u l t i n a n
e x c e s s i v e power d r a i n .
c . Engine d e s i g n m i n i m u m i m p u l s e c o n t r o l limit i s 0. 4 s e c o n d ;
however, mission m i n i m u m impulse m a y be longer.
d. Due to a d v e r s i v e t e m p e r a t u r e e f f e c t s , engine g i m b a l d r i v e m o t o r s
should not be continuously e n e r g i z e d f o r p e r i o d s i n e x c e s s of 12 m i n u t e s .
e . Single bank m o d e of o p e r a t i o n by the b i p r o p e l l a n t valve a s s e m b l y
will r e s u l t i n a 3 p e r c e n t r e d u c t i o n i n t h r u s t .
2.4. 5 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
SYSTEMS DATA
A C BUS 2
*p E# C#
IDENTICAL
IO FiTCH
GIMBAL
ACTUATOR
CI RCUl TS
SM-2A-713 D
S Y S T E M S DATA
V 3
- . n u .
d d d
$
N
2
N
2
N
m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
a
0 E F
5 zm
N
z -z+
0 m m
30 N N N
0
9
0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
i
0
0 0
N N
e 3
W W
c c
M
a)
c
-
0
N
w
c
0
N
3
I
0 0 0
N N N
- 4 -
a
C
0
C
2
C
m rJ
dd d d d .3
GRCL
SERVICE P R O P U L S I O N S Y S T E M
SYSTEMS D A T A
-
X
0 0 -
N N -
S E R V I C E PROPULSION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 5
2. 5 . 1 INTRODUCTION.
Both t h e S / M a n d C / M RCS a r e c o n t r o l l e d e i t h e r a u t o m a t i c a l l y o r
m a n u a l l y f r o m t h e c o m m a n d module. P h y s i c a l l o c a t i o n of t h e RCS e n g i n e s
is shown i n f i g u r e 2. 5-1. Engine f i r i n g s e q u e n c e f o r s p e c i f i c m a n e u v e r s
a n d individual engine c i r c u i t b r e a k e r power c o n t r o l a r e shown in f i g u r e
2. 5 - 2 .
E a c h RCS p a c k a g e i n c o r p o r a t e s a p r e s s u r e - f e d . p o s i t i v e - e x p u l s i o n ,
pulse -modulated, bipropellant s y s t e m t o produce the reaction t h r u s t
r e q u i r e d t o p e r f o r m t h e v a r i o u s S / M RCS c o n t r o l functions. Acceptable
p a c k a g e o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e is m a i n t a i n e d b y i n t e r n a l l y mounted.
t h e r m o s t a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d e l e c t r i c h e a t e r s . T h e S / M RCS p r o p e l l a n t s
c o n s i s t of n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e ( N z O ~ ) u, s e d a s t h e o x i d i z e r ; mono-
m e t h y l h y d r a z i n e (MMH) used as t h e fuel. P r e s s u r i z e d h e l i u m gas is t h e
p r o p e l l a n t t r a n s f e r r i n g agent.
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
m
to
N
I
L L =
, + t + u u
N
VI
: Ii I: ;I m
Z
z
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e r e a c t i o n e n g i n e s m a y be p u l s e - f i r e d , producing s h o r t - t h r u s t
i m p u l s e s o r continuously f i r e d , producing a s t e a d y - s t a t e t h r u s t level, The
s h o r t - p u l s e f i r i n g p e r m i t s a t t i t u d e -hold m o d e s of o p e r a t i o n and e x t r e m e l y
a c c u r a t e a t t i t u d e a l i g n m e n t m a n e u v e r s d u r i n g navigational sightings.
CSM a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l is n o r m a l l y m a i n t a i n e d by utilizing t h e a p p l i c a b l e
p i t c h , yaw, a n d r o l l e n g i n e s on all f o u r quads. H o w e v e r , in t h e event of a
m a l f u n c t i o n , c o m p l e t e a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l c a n b e m a i n t a i n e d with only two
a d j a c e n t q u a d s o p e r a t i n g . T h i s two-quad c a p a b i l i t y d o e s not include t h e
e x e c u t i o n of t r a n s l a t i o n and u l l a g e m a n e u v e r s .
R e g u l a t e d h e l i u m p r e s s u r e is d i r e c t e d t h r o u g h a s e r i e s p a r a l l e l
c o m b i n a t i o n of f o u r independent c h e c k v a l v e s . T h e c h e c k v a l v e s p e r m i t
h e l i u m p r e s s u r e t o t h e f u e l and o x i d i z e r t a n k s and p r e v e n t r e v e r s e flow of
p r o p e l l a n t v a p o r s or liquid. A p r e s s u r e - r e l i e f v a l v e is i n s t a l l e d i n t h e
p r e s s u r e l i n e s between t h e c h e c k v a l v e s a n d p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s t o p r o t e c t t h e
propellant tanks f r o m any excessive p r e s s u r e increase.
-.e-
H e l i u m e n t e r i n g t h e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s c r e a t e s a p r e s s u r e buildup
around the propellant positive expulsion bladders forcing the propellants to
b e e x p e l l e d i n t o t h e p r o p e l l a n t d i s t r i b u t i o n lines. P r o p e l l a n t s t h e n flow
t h r o u g h t h e n o r m a l l y open p r o p e l l a n t i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s .
O x i d i z e r a n d f u e l is d i s t r i b u t e d t o t h e eight f u e l a n d o x i d i z e r i n j e c t o r
v a l v e s by a p a r a l l e l f e e d s y s t e m . T h e f u e l valve on e a c h engine opens
2 m i l l i s e c o n d s p r i o r to t h e o x i d i z e r v a l v e to obtain p r o p e r engine o p e r a t i o n .
E a c h valve a s s e m b l y c o n t a i n s o r i f i c e s which m e t e r t h e p r o p e l l a n t flow t o
obtain a' n o m i n a l 2: 1 o x i d i z e r j f u e l r a t i o by weight. T h e o x i d i z e r a n d fuel
i m p i n g e , a t o m i z e , and ignition due t o t h e h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t s . T h e .v '
i n j e c t o r v a l v e s a r e c o n t r o l l e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y by t h e G & N s y s t e m o r t h e SCS.
Manual o v e r r i d e d i r e c t c o n t r o l is p r o v i d e d f o r r o t a t i o n a l m a n e u v e r s a n d
d i r e c t u l l a g e only. T h e i n j e c t o r v a l v e s a r e s p r i n g - l o a d e d c l o s e d . T h i s
-;r
s y s t e m configuration maintains propellants under constant p r e s s u r e a t the
engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e s providing r a p i d c o n s i s t e n t r e s p o n s e r a t e s t o t h r u s t
on-off c o m m a n d s .
T h e S / M RCS is c o m p o s e d of f o u r s e p a r a t e , individual p a c k a g e s ;
e a c h package containing t h e following five m a j o r s u b s y s t e m s :
Pressurization
0 Propellant
0 Rocket engine .-.,-
PANEL 16
-.
PITCH CHANNEL
SWITCH PANEL 8
T l O N CONTROLS
AUTO O X
DUMP SLATION CONTROLS
CIRCUITS
~
---
WPUT FROM
JRlNG DESCENT
ANY ABORT
SIGNAL FROM
?AD UP TO
LE5 TOWER
RTTISON OR
2-1/2 SEC
INPUT FROM
CM SM
C19A1 I' i C19A4
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DIRECT
r m1- DEUY
SM RCS
SEPARATION
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?ANEL 1s
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CONTROC
BOX
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I II
COILS
AUTO
SM RCS
SM N E G
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SM RCS He TANK
DIRECT PRESS Q W D A To: RCS INDICATORS
COILS &&&TLM switch S/M A (MDC-12)
j-q&a
C M RCS
DIRECT
XL 8 CM SM
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CM
NEG
A
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J BUS
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L:
PROPELLANT INDICATOR
-- --.*. -T 3
VALE
'n EM NEG
BUS
I
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(OPEN)
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CM NEG
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TRANSDUCER
TEMPERATURE
TRANSDUCER
--
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?Ir: 5 Mission
t
k
8
i
SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
w
m MN BUS B 28 VDC
w
MN BUS A v ~ c
PSRSO68T- IOAI00
c-sRKMn-1OA98
B-SR5066T- lOA62
Fmm: Rotational
STRIP HEATER
INJECTOR IN
ASSEMBLY
4Ea
JCER El
LIRE
IER
SYSTEMS DATA
0 P r o p e l l a n t quantity gauging
0 Temperature control system
2 . 5.3. 1 P r e s s u r i z a t i o n Subsvstem.
T h e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n and p r o p e l l a n t f e e d s t o r e s , r e g u l a t e s , a n d
d i s t r i b u t e s h e l i u m t o t h e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s , and s t o r e s and d i s t r i b u t e s
p r o p e l l a n t t o t h e engine a s s e m b l i e s ( f i g u r e 2. 5-3). It c o n s i s t s of s t o r a g e
t a n k s , i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s , p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s , and t h e l i n e s a n d v a l v e s
n e c e s s a r y f o r filling, d r a i n i n g a n d d i s t r i b u t i n g t h e fluids.
2. 5. 3 . 1. 1 H e l i u m Supply Tank.
2. 5. 3. 1 . 2 H e l i u m Isolation Valve.
T h e h e l i u m i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s a r e a t w o - s o l e n o i d v a l v e s and a r e
m e c h a n i c a l l y l a t c h e d open a n d s p r i n g - l o a d e d c l o s e d . T h e h e l i u m i s o l a t i o n
v a l v e s a r e individually c o n t r o l l e d by t h e i r own h e l i u m s w i t c h on p a n e l 15.
T h e v a l v e s a r e n o r m a l l y open i n r e s p e c t t o s y s t e m p r e s s u r e s u b s t a n t i a t i n g
t h e m e c h a n i c a l latching f g a t u r e f o r power c o n s e r v a t i o n p u r p o s e s d u r i n g t h e
m i s s i o n , i n addition t o p r e v e n t i n g o v e r h e a t i n g of t h e v a l v e c o i l s .
2 . 5. 3 . 1. 3 P r e s s u r e Regulator Assemblies.
H e l i u m p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i o n i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by two r e g u l a t o r
a s s e m b l i e s connected in p a r a l l e l , with one a s s e m b l y l o c a t e d d o w n s t r e a m
of e a c h h e l i u m i s o l a t i o n valve. E a c h a s s e m b l y i n c o r p o r a t e s two ( p r i m a r y
and s e c o n d a r y ) s e p a r a t e r e g u l a t o r s connected i n s e r i e s . T h e s e c o n d a r y
r e g u l a t o r r e m a i n s open a s long as t h e p r i m a r y r e g u l a t o r functions
p r o p e r l y . In t h e event of t h e p r i m a r y r e g u l a t o r failing open, the s e c o n d a r y
r e g u l a t o r will m a i n t a i n slightly h i g h e r , but a c c e p t a b l e p r e s s u r e s .
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5 . 3 . 1. 5 P r e s s u r e Relief Valves
A p r e s s u r e b l e e d d e v i c e is i n c o r p o r a t e d between t h e b u r s t d i a p h r a g m
a n d r e l i e f valve. T h e bleed valve v e n t s t h e c a v i t y b e t w e e n t h e b u r s t d i a -
p h r a g m a n d r e l i e f valve i n t h e event of a n y l e a k a g e f r o m t h e d i a p h r a g m ,
o r v e n t s t h e c a v i t y upon c o m p l e t i o n of p e r f o r m i n g a checkout of t h e r e l i e f
v a l v e f r o m t h e t e s t p o r t on t h e r e l i e f valve. T h e b l e e d d e v i c e is n o r m a l l y
open a n d w i l l c l o s e when t h e p r e s s u r e i n c r e a s e s up t o a p r e d e t e r m i n e d
p r e s s u r e . T h e b l e e d d e v i c e a u t o m a t i c a l l y opens when t h e p r e s s u r e
d e c r e a s e s t o t h e b l e e d valve opening p r e s s u r e .
2. 5. 3. 1. 6 D i s t r i b u t i o n Plumbing.
B r a z e d joint tubing is u s e d t o d i s t r i b u t e r e g u l a t e d h e l i u m i n e a c h
RCS quad f r o m t h e h e l i u m s t o r a g e v e s s e l s t o t h e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s .
2. 5 . 3 . 2 Propellant Subsystem.
2. 5 . 3 . 2 . 1 O x i d i z e r Tank.
T h e o x i d i z e r supply is contained i n a s i n g l e t i t a n i u m a l l o y h e m i -
s p h e r i c a l l y d o m e d c y c l i n d r i c a l tank. T h e t a n k is c r a d l e - m o u n t e d t o t h e
R C S panel. T h e t a n k c o n t a i n s a d i f f u s e r tube a s s e m b l y a n d a teflon b l a d -
d e r f o r p o s i t i v e e x p u l s i o n of t h e o x i d i z e r . T h e b l a d d e r is a t t a c h e d t o the
d i f f u s e r tube at e a c h end of t h e tank. T h e d i f f u s e r tube a c t s as t h e p r o -
p e llant out let.
When t h e tank is p r e s s u r i z e d , t h e h e l i u m g a s s u r r o u n d s t h e e n t i r e
b l a d d e r , e x e r t i n g a f o r c e which c a u s e s t h e b l a d d e r t o c o l l a p s e about t h e
p r o p e l l a n t f o r c i n g t h e o x i d i z e r into t h e d i f f u s e r tube a s s e m b l y a n d out of
t h e t a n k outlet i n t o t h e manifold, p r o v i d i n g expulsion d u r i n g z e r o g ' s .
T a n k h a s a working p r e s s u r e of 248 p s i g ; proof p r e s s u r e of 331 psig.
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5 . 3 . 2 . 2 F u e l Tank.
T h e f u e l supply is contained i n a s i n g l e t a n k t h a t is s i m i l a r in
m a t e r i a l , c o n s t r u c t i o n , and o p e r a t i o n t o t h a t of t h e o x i d i z e r tank.
T h e i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s i n t h e f u e l and o x i d i z e r l i n e s a r e both c o n t r o l l e d
by a s i n g l e s w i t c h on p a n e l 15. T h e v a l v e s a r e two-solenoid v a l v e s a n d a r e
m a g n e t i c a l l y l a t c h opened a n d s p r i n g -loaded c l o s e d . T h e v a l v e s a r e
n o r m a l l y open i n r e s p e c t t o fluid flow. T h i s , a g a i n , e s t a b l i s h e s a power
conservation.
2 . 5. 3. 2 . 4 D i s t r i b u t i o n Plumbing.
2. 5. 3 . 2 . 5 Propellant, In-Line F i l t e r s .
I n - l i n e f i l t e r s a r e i n s t a l l e d i n t h e f u e l a n d o x i d i z e r m a n i f o l d s down-
s t r e a m of t h e p r o p e l l a n t shutoff v a l v e s and p r i o r t o t h e engine manifold
contained within t h e engine housing. T h e i n - l i n e f i l t e r s a r e i n s t a l l e d t o
p r e v e n t a n y p a r t i c l e s f r o m flowing i n t o t h e engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e s and
engine i n j e c t o r .
2 . 5. 3 . 3 Engine A s s e m b l i e s .
T h e s e r v i c e module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m e n g i n e s a r e r a d i a t i o n -
c o o l e d , p r e s s u r e -fed, b i p r o p e l l a n t t h r u s t g e n e r a t o r s which c a n be
o p e r a t e d i n e i t h e r t h e p u l s e modulated o r t h e s t e a d y s t a t e mode. ( T h e s e
m o d e s a r e defined as a f i r i n g of l e s s t h a n o n e - s e c o n d d u r a t i o n , and o n e -
second duration o r m o r e , respectively. )
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
Figure 2. 5-4 i l l u s t r a t e s a t h r u s t i n g d u r a t i o n of 15 s e c o n d s ( s t e a d y
s t a t e ) . T h e e l e c t r i c a l on s i g n a l i s r e c e i v e d within e i t h e r the a u t o m a t i c
( n o r m a l ) o r m a n u a l (backup) c o i l s of the engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e s . The
solenoid i n j e c t o r v a l v e s a r e e n e r g i z e d open allowing fuel and o x i d i z e r to
- -
TH RUST
LBS
L STEADY STATE I
I
I
I
50 -
I I
iniL
"ELECTRICAL ON OFF
f'*,
P-2009B&@$j
F i g u r e 2. 5 - 4 . S / M RCS Steady-State Operation ( T y p i c a l 15 Seconds)
~~ ~~ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
I I 1
50 60 70
TIME-M I L L I S E C O N D S
"oN" 'IGNAL
TO DATU
V A L V E IGNITION i i o ~ ~SIGNAL
ii VALVE
.
CLOSED
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~ ~~~
T h e a u t o m a t i c c o i l s a r e e l e c t r i c a l l y connected in p a r a l l e l f r o m the
SCS. The m a n u a l c o i l s in t h e fuel and o x i d i z e r i n j e c t o r v a l v e s p r o v i d e a
m a n u a l d i r e c t backup to the SCS m o d e of operation. The m a n u a l c o i l s of
the i n j e c t o r v a l v e s a r e e l e c t r i c a l l y connected in s e r i e s . T h e r e a s o n s f o r
the s e r i e s connection of t h e m a n u a l c o i l s a r e as follows:
a. P r e v e n t a m i s m a t c h between t h e opening and closing of the v a l v e s
due to any h e a t s o a k - b a c k into the m a n u a l c o i l s , which would change t h e
r e s i s t a n c e of t h e m a n u a l c o i l s and r e s u l t in a m i s m a t c h if the c o i l s w e r e
connected in p a r a l l e l . T h e d i r e c t m a n u a l opening t i m e f o r f u e l is
1 3 millisecond-s and- o x i d i z e r is 23 m i l l i s e c o n d s . The closing t i m e f o r
f u e l and o x i d i z e r i s 55*Z5 m i l l i s e c o n d s .
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5 . 3 . 3 . 2 Injector.
2. 5.3.3.3 Combustion C h a m b e r .
2. 5. 3. 3 . 4 RCS E l e c t r i c a l H e a t e r s .
SYSTEMS DATA
3500
3000
2500
3
-
2
w
I
m
1500
SYSTEMS DATA
r e a d s in p s i a . T h e h e l i u m supply t e m p e r a t u r e readout of 0 p s i a i s
equivalent to 0 ° F and 400 p s i a i s equivalent to 1 5 0 ° F .
2. 5. 3 . 5 Engine T h r u s t i n e Logic.
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
H e l i u m inlet p o r t 1 / 4 i n . , f i l l and d r a i n
p o r t 112 in.
T h r u s t 100 l b s *5 p e r c e n t .
E x p a n s i o n r a t i o 40:l a t n o z z l e exit.
Cooling F i l m and r a d i a t i o n
Inj e c to r type .
P r e m i x i g n i t e r o n e on one unlike i m p i n g e -
m e n t . Eight f u e l annulus f o r f i l m cooling
of p r e m i x i g n i t e r , m a i n c h a m b e r e i g h t
on e i g h t unlike i m p i n g e m e n t , eight f u e l f o r
f i l m cooling of c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r wall.
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~
Nozzle e x t e n s i o n L-605 m a t e r i a l
N o z z l e e x i t d i a m e t e r 5. 6 in.
Fuel lead.
Manual c o i l s - Connected in s e r i e s .
H E A T E R S THERMO-SWITCH C l o s e at 77 ( + l o , C l o s e at 1 1 5 ° F
-7)"F __--
Open at 104*14"F Open at 1 3 4 ° F
36*3.6 w a t t s p e r '36*3.6 w a t t s p e r
heater heater
2. 5 . 4 . 2 P e r f o r m a n c e Data.
W a t t s p e r Unit Total W a t t s
subsystem No. of
and Component Control Units AC DC AC DC
Reaction, c o n t r o l
Service module RCS
34.0
-
REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 Nov 1966 Change D a t e page 2.5-18
SM2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
He i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s He VALVE C B ( 2 ) 8 54.0
He s w (8)
C o m m a n d m o d u l e RCS
52. 5
:::Intermittent o p e r a t i n g c o m p o n e n t s .
2. 5 . 4 . 4 S / M RCS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n .
O p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s and r e s t r i c t i o n s on t h e t e s t i n g of s y s t e m
v a l v e s in a d r y u n s e r v i c e d p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m a r e a s follows:
a. H e l i u m i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s and p r o p e l l a n t isolation v a l v e s m i n i m u m
e n e r g i z a t i o n t i m e of 0 . 2 s e c o n d and not t o e x c e e d 5 s e c o n d s .
b. Engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e a u t o m a t i c c o i l e n e r g i z a t i o n not t o e x c e e d
2 m i n u t e s on t i m e d u r i n g a n y 1 5 - m i n u t e p e r i o d with voltage not
exceeding 3 2 v d c .
c . Engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e d i r e c t c o i l e n e r g i z a t i o n on t i m e not e x c e e d
3 5 m i n u t e s d u r i n g a n y 6 0 - m i n u t e p e r i o d and voltage not exceed 16 vdc t o
e i t h e r coil s e p a r a t e l y o r 3 2 v d c to two c o i l s in s e r i e s .
2 . 5. 6 S / M RCS T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
SYSTEMS DATA
S/M RCS
QCYD
A
S/M RCS
WAD
C
F i g u r e 2. 5 - 7 . S / M RCS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n D i a g r a m
R E A C T I O N C O N T R O L SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
-
N
2
VI
m
9
X
<
N
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Y 2 x
1
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g ; ; g g I!
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m
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m m
a m am a
m
2
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2 : , " : ? ? 5 2 9
0 0
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0
s
0
z : z , " x , "
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m
0
0
m
0
3
+
-
t
-
+
-
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 C ) O + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-z -
a
0
!i:
0 0
a
0.
N
a
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9 a,
m
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Ln 0
Ln m
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Ln c
Ln W
in
X a a 1: K K n;
Lo m 'm v) Lo v) v)
n
I
W
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m
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e,
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D.
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v)
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4
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2
J
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3
-;
L;,
I: G, j.
-
SM2A 0 3 -SC0 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
H e l i u m e n t e r i n g the p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s c r e a t e s a p r e s s u r e buildup
a r o u n d the p r o p e l l a n t positive expulsion b l a d d e r s , f o r c i n g the p r o p e l l a n t s
t o b e expelled into the p r o p e l l a n t d i s t r i b u t i o n l i n e s . P r o p e l l a n t s then flow
t o v a l v e isolation b u r s t d i a p h r a g m s , which r u p t u r e , and through the p r o p e l -
l a n t isolation v a l v e s . E a c h s u b s y s t e m supplies fuel and o x i d i z e r to s i x
engines.
0 Pressurization
0 Propellant
0 Rocket engine
0 Temperature control system
* '> IQ Wit6 CI
A * w B PANEL I1
4
f
SYSTfm A
io v u ia
lNGlNl
M L .No
OKIWZll
snnur.,
51117
(g
11". I
1
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Missior
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S M 2 A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
d. um
h
HW
UCIND
Y*- Y W G
REACTION C O N T R O L SYSTEM
4
SMZA -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 5. 8. 1. 3 H e l i u m P r e s s u r e Regulator A s s e m b l y .
2 . 5 . 8 . 1. 6 Distribution Plumbing.
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5. 8. 2 Propellant Subsystem.
2. 5. 8. 2. 1 O x i d i z e r Tank.
~~~~ ~~
- SYSTEMS DATA
m a g n e t i c a l l y l a t c h e d open and s p r i n g - l o a d e d c l o s e d . T h e v a l v e s a r e
n o r m a l l y open in r e s p e c t t o fluid flow. T h e C / M p r o p e l l a n t s w i t c h e s A and
B on panel 15 w i l l b e p l a c e d to O N a f t e r T + 61 s e c o n d s and w i l l r e m a i n in
t h a t position until o r b i t i n s e r t i o n to e n s u r e t h a t t h e p r o p e l l a n t i s o l a t i o n
v a l v e s r e m a i n open when s y s t e m s A and B a r e p r e s s u r i z e d upon a b o r t
initiation. T h e s w i t c h e s w i l l a l s o b e p l a c e d to ON p r i o r t o C / M - S / M
s e p a r a t i o n and r e m a i n in t h a t p o s i t i o n until c o m p l e t i o n of p r o p e l l a n t
j e t t i s o n to a g a i n e n s u r e t h a t t h e v a l v e s r e m a i n in t h e open position. The
s w i t c h e s a r e p l a c e d t o c e n t e r - n e u t r a l position a f t e r t o w e r j e t t i s o n until
p r i o r to C / M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n , r e m o v i n g e l e c t r i c a l power f r o m t h e v a l v e s .
2. 5. 8. 2. 4 Distribution Plumbing.
B;azed j o i n t tubing i s u s e d t o d i s t r i b u t e p r e s s u r i z e d h e l i u m g a s to
t h e p r o p e l l a n t p o s i t i v e expulsion t a n k s in s y s t e m A and s y s t e m B. T h e
d i s t r i b u t i o n l i n e s contain I 1 e x p l o s i v e - o p e r a t e d ( s q u i b ) v a l v e s which p e r m i t
changing t h e h e l i u m d i s t r i b u t i o n configuration to a c c o m p l i s h v a r i o u s
f u n c t i o n s within t h e C / M RCS. E a c h s q u i b v a l v e i s a c t u a t e d b y a n e x p l o s i v e
c h a r g e detonated b y a n e l e c t r i c a l h o t w i r e i g n i t e r . A f t e r igyition of t h e
e x p l o s i v e d e v i c e , t h e v a l v e r e m a i n s open p e r m a n e n t l y . Two s q u i b v a l v e s
a r e utilized in e a c h s y s t e m t o i s o l a t e t h e h i g h - p r e s s u r e h e l i u m g a s supply
to t h e s t o r a g e t a n k s until RCS p r e s s u r i z a t i o n i s commanded. Two squib
v a l v e s a r e u t i l i z e d t o i n t e r c o n n e c t s y s t e m A and s y s t e m B r e g u l a t e d
h e l i u m supply, which e n s u r e s p r e s s u r i z a t i o n of both s y s t e m s d u r i n g
d u m p - b u r n and h e l i u m p u r g e o p e r a t i o n s . Two s q u i b v a l v e s in e a c h s y s t e m
p e r m i t h e l i u m g a s to b y p a s s t h e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s , allowing h e l i u m purging
of t h e p r o p e l l a n t s u b s y s t e m . One s q u i b v a l v e i s i n s t a l l e d in s y s t e m B
r e g u l a t e d h e l i u m l i n e t o p e r m i t h e l i u m d e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n in the e v e n t of a
l o w - a l t i t u d e a b o r t (pad t o T t 61 second a b o r t ) .
-_
_..-
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5. 8 . 3 Engine A s s e m b l y .
T h e c o m m a n d module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m engines a r e
ablation cooled, b i p r o p e l l a n t t h r u s t g e n e r a t o r s which can be o p e r a t e d in
e i t h e r the p u l s e - m o d e o r the s t e a d y - s t a t e mode.
ENGINE
ELECTRICAL
OFFSIGNAL
2 4 6 8 IO 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
100
90
80 _--
70
0-m
v)
2
E54
ae
40
30
20
10
2 4 6 8 IO 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
TIME - MILLISECONDS
I-
ENGINE
ELECTRICAL
ON-SIGNAL
SM-2A-MA
~~ ~_______________
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~
2. 5 . 8 . 3. 1 P r o p e l l a n t Solenoid I n j e c t o r C o n t r o l V a l v e s ( F u e l and O x i d i z e r ) .
2. 5 . 8. 3. 2 Injector.
The t h r u s t c h a m b e r a s s e m b l y i s f a b r i c a t e d in f o u r s e g m e n t s : t h e
c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r a b l a t i v e s l e e v e , the t h r o a t i n s e r t , t h e a b l a t i v e
m a t e r i a l , and t h e a s b e s t o s and t h e f i b e r g l a s s w r a p . The engine i s
a b l a t i v e cooled.
2. 5 . 8 . 3 . 4 Nozzle E x t e n s i o n .
SYSTEMS DATA
A t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s y s t e m of t h e C / M RCS engine v a l v e s i s
employed by e n e r g i z i n g t h e m a n u a l d i r e c t c o i l s on e a c h engine.
T e m p e r a t u r e t r a n s d u c e r s a r e mounted on t h e engine i n j e c t o r v a l v e
o x i d i z e r s o l e n o i d s . A t e m p e r a t u r e t r a n s d u c e r i s i n s t a l l e d on t h e s u b -
s y s t e m . A c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e r o l l o x i d i z e r v a l v e , n e g a t i v e yaw o x i d i z e r
v a l v e , n e g a t i v e pitch o x i d i z e r v a l v e and on s u b s y s t e m B p o s i t i v e yaw
o x i d i z e r v a l v e , n e g a t i v e pitch o x i d i z e r v a l v e , and c l o c k w i s e r o l l o x i d i z e r
v a l v e . T h e s e engine i n j e c t o r solenoid o x i d i z e r v a l v e s w e r e s e l e c t e d a s
the coldest engines.
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5. 8. 3 . 6 Engine T h r u s t O N - O F F L o g i c .
All t h r u s t c o m m a n d s f o r C / M attitude p a s s t h r o u g h t h e s t a b i l i z a t i o n
and c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m and t h e j e t s e l e c t i o n logic. T h e s e c o m m a n d s m a y
o r i g i n a t e at t h e following:
a. T h e rotation c o n t r o l s
b. T h e s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m
c . T h e guidance and navigation s u b s y s t e m .
When t h e C M SM S E P s w i t c h e s on p a n e l 15 a r e placed t o C M SM
S E P position, t h e s w i t c h e s a u t o m a t i c a l l y e n e r g i z e r e l a y s in t h e RCS
t r a n s f e r p a n e l s (C19A4) and in t h e RCS c o n t r o l b o x e s (C19A1)
( f i g u r e 2 . 5-10) (providing t h e C M P R O P J E T T LOGIC s w i t c h on p a n e l 8 i s
O N ) t h a t t r a n s f e r s t h e SCS and d i r e c t m a n u a l inputs f r o m t h e S / M RCS
engine t h t h e C / M RCS e n g i n e s a u t o m a t i c a l l y . ( T h e s e s a m e functions
o c c u r on a n y L E S ABORT.)
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5.8.4 ProDellant J e t t i s o n .
T h e r e a r e two s e q u e n c e s of p r o p e l l a n t j e t t i s o n . One s e q u e n c e i s
employed in the event of a n a b o r t while the vehicle i s on the launch pad and
through t h e f i r s t 61 s e c o n d s of flight. T h e second s e q u e n c e i s employed
f o r a l l o t h e r conditions, whether i t b e a n o r m a l o r an a b o r t m o d e of
o p e r a t i o n . T h e s e q u e n c e of e v e n t s b e f o r e and during a n o r m a l r e - e n t r y
i s a s follows:
a . T h e c r e w will p l a c e the C / M S / M SEPARATION s w i t c h e s to the
C / M S / M SEPARATION position on panel 15 o r p l a c e t h e C / M RCS
PRESS switch on panel 16 to the ON position, p r i o r to initiating C / M S / M
s e p a r a t i o n . The C / M R C S PRESS switch or the C / M S / M SEP s w i t c h e s
i n i t i a t e s the h e l i u m isolation squib v a l v e s in C / M R C S s u b s y s t e m s A and B,
t h u s p r e s s u r i z i n g both s u b s y s t e m s ( f i g u r e s 2. 5 - 8 and 2. 5-10). The C / M
RCS PRESS switch p r o v i d e s a backup to the C / M S / M S E P switches and
t h e RCS LOGIC switch on panel 8 m u s t be ON, p r i o r to initiating
C / M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n to p r o v i d e an automatic RCS t r a n s f e r .
b. T h e C / M continues t o d e s c e n d a f t e r r e - e n t r y into t h e e a r t h
a t m o s p h e r e . A t 24,000 f e e t , b a r o m e t r i c switch is activated which
u n l a t c h e s the RCS latching r e l a y , inhibiting any c o m m a n d s f r o m the SCS
t o the j e t s e l e c t i o n logic ( f i g u r e 2. 5 - 3 ) ( m a n u a l backup of RCS CMD switch
panel 1 6 ) .
c. At m a i n p a r a c h u t e l i n e s t r e t c h , the RCS propellant j e t t i s o n DUMP
switch on p a n e l 8 i s placed t o the DUMP position a s a n o r m a l m a n u a l
function b y the c r e w , initiating the following functions, simultaneously.
T h e RCS LOGIC switch on panel 18 m u s t b e ON p r i o r t o placing DUMP
switch to DUMP position.
1. I n i t i a t e s the two h e l i u m i n t e r c o n n e c t squib v a l v e s
2. I n j t i a t e s t h e fuel i n t e r c o n n e c t squib valve
3 . I n i t i a t e s t h e o x i d i z e r i n t e r c o n n e c t squib valve
4. T h e fuel and o x i d i z e r i n j e c t o r valve m a n u a l c o i l s a r e e n e r g i z e d
on a l l of t h e C / M RCS engines, excluding the t pitch engines. The
t pitch e n g i n e s a r e not e n e r g i z e d due to t h e i r location being adjacent
t o the steam vent. The p r o p e l l a n t s a r e jettisoned b y burning the
p r o p e l l a n t s r e m a i n i n g in 10 of the 12 engines. The length of t i m e t o
b u r n t h e r e m a i n i n g p r o p e l l a n t s will v a r y , depending upon the amount
of p r o p e l l a n t s r e m a i n i n g in the fuel and o x i d i z e r t a n k s a t 24,000 feet.
If an e n t i r e p r o p e l l a n t load r e m a i n e d , a s a n e x a m p l e , a nominal b u r n
t i m e would b e 88 s e c o n d s through 10 of the 1 2 engines. In t h e w o r s t
c a s e of only 5 of the 1 2 e n g i n e s ( m a n u a l c o i l s e n e r g i z e d ) , a nominal
b u r n t i m e would be 1 5 5 s e c o n d s .
d. Upon completion of propellant b u r n , the C / M propellant j e t t i s o n
PURGE s w i t c h on panel 8 i s placed to the PURGE position a s a n o r m a l
m a n u a l function by the c r e w . When the PURGE switch i s on, the switch
i n i t i a t e s the f o u r h e l i u m b y p a s s squib v a l v e s , allowing the regulated
h e l i u m p r e s s u r e to b y p a s s around e a c h fuel and o x i d i z e r tank, thus
purging t h e m a n i f o l d s through 10 of the 12 engines. Purging r e q u i r e s
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 s e c o n d s o r until h e l i u m depletion.
-
Mission
I
B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 c h a n g e Date Page 2.5-34
PANEL 22 MESC
) A R M BAT A CB
P
(1
PANEL 24 LE S
-
PANEL 16 LES
"CIM Sll
MESC PYRO ABORT CIM RCS ABORT SEP, A
OR CIM-SIM )PRESS
S EP ,/>WITCH
.
DROP OUT A F E R ~
SWITCt
PANEL
41
1.8 SECOND --
7r I
NEG
BUS
PY RO ENTRY
r
I.
I '
L
NEG BUS
RCS FUEL 1
1 PYRO A 1 DUMP A
1
> SEQ A LOWER
EQUIPMENTBAY 7
)' LOWER
EQUIPMENT
[ - G A T I
I I I K6
+TO
I
MESC CONTROLLER
EXCLUDING
I' 1; 1
K 5 .~ PROP IS
T 'T K4T M N A C I
OX I D IZE R OX ID IZER FUEL CLOSE
DUMP BYPASS BY PASS PROP.
SQUIB CONNECT SQU IB SQUIB SQUIB
SYS A SQU IB SYS A SYS A SYS A
i
I I
4
-----.
'ANEL 22 MESC
C I M S I M TRANSFER
RM BAT A CB
VEL 24
.C PYRO
TC H
hl
CIM
r -- --
Y 1
I BUS
RCS FUEL
DUMP A
ICI-
NEG BUS
1
MESC LOGIC BUS A PANEL 25
MESC LOGIC
ARM A
3 - 1
PANEL i
MESC L(
I I
t-i
LOWER
I Z8Klk / - /
EQU I PMENT NOTE
BAY DROP OUT A
-.
T
I r K L I
s1C19A4
TO SM JETTISON
CONTROLLER MANUAL
START COILS
EXCLUDING
--
S 19A7
K5 1
A
PANEL 25
PROP ISOL
Q Y & C 4wMESC PYRO BUS A REFERENCE MESC PYRO
Z7K1
M N A CB
BYPASS PROP.
SQU IB SQUIB SQU IB
SYS A SYS A
SQUIB SQUIB
PANEL 25 PANEL 16 TO
CIM SIM TRANSFER RCS TRANSFER
A CB SWITCH
A
t
PY R(
4
- FROM SYS A LEG Os
SM RCS TRANSFERSW + TC
ME!
A A
b PANEL 22 MESC
BAT B C B
P )ARM
I1 C/M SIM
PANEL 24 LES PANEL 16 LES
MESC PYRO ABORT CIM RCS SEP, B
SWITCH
-
S WITCH
NEG
BUS
r -6
PY RO ENTRY
BAT B BUS E ' I G
c"
L
NEG BUS
RCS FUEL
PYRO B DUMP B
)I SEQ B LOWER ) LOWER
1 EQUIPMENT B A Y 7 EQUIPMENT
BA!
+SX19A4 f K7
I
ro SM JETTISON MANUAL
CONTROLLER
START COILS
1
EXCLUDING
S 19A8
a
'K12
U 6K'
K7 7
K7
$ IK6 IK12 I K 8 K
1
5
PANEL 25
~ PROP ISOL
T
SQU IB SQUIB
SYS B
HELIUM
CONNECT
SQU IB
OX ID IZER U CONNECT
SQUIB
OX ID I Z ER
BYPASS
SQUl B
BYPASS
SQUIB
M i s s ion I
.- -- - ---- '
. ' i
..
- -
SM2A 0 3 SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
f
M N B 28VDC r ------------
216 216 RCS CONTROI
7
I
K1 TO SPS ABORT BOX C19A2
PANEL 25
.I----
DIRECT ULLAGE I
PANEL 16 TO
CIM SIM TRANSFER RCS TRANSFER
SWITCH s / M l , t
/ kLES
IM S/M PANEL 8 I
ABORT SEP, B CIM PROP J E l l C I M HELIUM
SWITCH ' LOGIC SWITCH DUMP SWITCH
PANEL 15 -
OUT AFTER
--
'II
i' CIM (PANEL 8 )
7
I II SI
RC S
SECOND
I
r ----- 1
PROP JETT PANEL 8 TRANS FER
E
A
CIM MOTOR
I
-
II
SWITCH PROP
JETT ILiFT K1
-
K12 Kl3 I
PURGE OFF 61 SECOND 18 SECOND 18 SECOND I
--
SWITCH ,,ISIGNAL TIMER
i B
TIMER
ti
TIMER
J ''
I
1 1
I
- - -
-
- I
-
--- --------I
4,
' 111
I
PANEL 25 PANEL 22
'I
----.I
C19A4
I
I MESC LOGIC MESC LOGIC BAT B
TO
'r
L + *O
Z8K1 PITCH
t1 ! Z8K2T NOTE
DROP OUT AUTO
Bus
CONTROL
MOTOR
! I I n r i t L 8 SECOND
IrrrR -
OX DUMP
i r & K l
914
I
IL--------- I '
'-
Y1
---------- SFROM
M RCS B LEG OF
SYSTRANSRRSW
I
O E sING
TLATCH cMD&h
A A
RELAY 219 A 1
~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
4"- 5
SM2A -03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
'--
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
. T h e s e q u e n c e of e v e n t s of a n a b o r t , initiated a f t e r 61 s e c o n d s up t o
launch e s c a p e t o w e r j e t t i s o n , a r e as follows:
a. At 61 s e c o n d s a f t e r lift-off, t h e c r e w a s a n o r m a l m a n u a l function
will p l a c e the*AUTO OX DUMP switch on panel 16 to the AUTO RCS CMD
posit ion.
b. T h e RCS LOGIC switch w a s placed t o t h e ON position p r i o r to TtO.
1. Initiate both h e l i u m isolation squib v a l v e s in C / M RCS,
s u b s y s t e m s A and B. Manual backup of C / M RCS PRESS switch on
panel 16; thus, p r e s s u r i z i n g C / M RCS s u b s y s t e m s A and B.
2. D r i v e s t h e C / M S / M R C S t r a n s f e r m o t o r s to the C / M RCS
position. Manual backup of RCS TRANSFER switch on panel 16 f o r
C19A1 R C S t r a n s f e r m o t o r s only.
3. RCS latching r e l a y e n e r g i z e d o n e second a f t e r r e c e i p t of the
a b o r t signal.
d . At m a i n p a r a c h u t e l i n e s t r e t c h , a s a n o r m a l m a n u a l function, the
.RCS p r o p e l l a n t and j e t t i s o n D U M P switch on panel 8 i s placed to the
D U M P position initiating functions the same a s a n o r m a l e n t r y .
--
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 5 . 9 . 1 Design Data.
Relief v a l v e s r e l i e v e s at 346*14 p s i g
Relief v a l v e r e s e a t s at no l e s s t h a n
327 p s i g
Flow c a p a c i t y 0 . 3 l b / m i n at 6 0 ° F and
346*14 p s i g
Bleed d e v i c e c l o s e s when i n c r e a s i n g
p r e s s u r e h a s r e a c h e d no m o r e t h a n
179 p s i g in t h e c a v i t y and a h e l i u m flow
of l e s s than 20 s t a n d a r d c u b i c c e n t i m e t e r s
p e r h o u r a c r o s s t h e bleed and r e l i e f v a l v e
a s s e m b l i e s combined. T h e bleed d e v i c e
s h a l l r e o p e n when d e c r e a s i n g p r e s s u r e h a s
r e a c h e d no l e s s t h a n 20 psig.
SYSTEMS DATA
A f t e r h e l i u m isolation, u n d e r p r e s s u r e
265 p s i a
Squib v a l v e a c t u a t i o n , o v e r p r e s s u r e
325 p s i a
F i l t e r 75 m i c r o n s n o m i n a l , 100 m i c r o n s
a b solute.
Nominal t h r u s t , 9 3 pounds
Expansion r a t i o , 9 t o 1
Cooling, ablation
I n j e c t o r type, 16 on 16 s p l a s h p l a t e
Combustion c h a m b e r r e f r a s i l a b l a t i v e
s l e e v e and g r a p h i t e b a s e t h r o a t i n s e r t .
--
SYSTEMS DATA
Weight, 8 . 3 l b s
Nozzle exit d i a m e t e r , 2. 13 i n c h e s
Nozzle e x t e n s i o n s , ablative r e f r a s i l
2.5.9.2 P e r f o r m a n c e Data.
2. 5 . 9 . 3 P o w e r Consumption Data.
R e f e r to p a r a g r a p h 2. 5.4.3.
2. 5 . 1 0 . 1 C / M RCS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r Distribution.
S e e f i g u r e 2. 5-11 f o r e l e c t r i c a l power d i s t r i b u t i o n .
2 . 5 . 11 C / M RCS T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
SYSTEMS DATA
CONTROL
RCS CONTROL BOX
HELIUM PURGE
CONTROL 1
NOTES: 1 , P w l l o n t iwlatim v0Iv.1 or.
mopnotically 1otch.d opm and
He DUMP
spring-lmdd c l o d .
hW
I 2. Tho pmpllanr irolarion
VOIWw . n r i d i s a t o r i s
.n.gir.d if .ith.r hul or
oxidizer rrrlv. i s i n the
Cl& porition.
sM-u-714c
SYSTEMS D A T A
-
"
I
C
a
L
9
"
m
h
*
r "
; 2
a
m o o \ r - m o
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
N N N N N -
a c l a a a a
2
" N
2 2 2
N 2
" 2
u u u u u u
~ ~
o o
~
o
-
~
r
o
.
o
O
b d *
o
O
o
b -
o
O
r
o
-
O
r
o
* +
m
O
m
O
N
+
in
O
N O
N
in In
N
N
Ln
N
+
0
in
Y
0
in
N -
0
0
+ + + + + + + + + + + + 0 o o o o o + + +
o
+
o
+
o
+
o
+
o
+
o
+
o
+
o
+ +
o
+
o o
+
o
+ I
m m v) m in Ln p 0
+
0
+
R b a b
O
0
O
0 0
O
0
O
0
O
0
O
0
-
0
~
a
N
9
N
Q
N
Q
N
N
O 0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
2
Ln
N"
in
2"-
v u u v v ' u u u u u u u u u v u u v v '3 0
S Y S T E M S DATA
N N N N N N N N N N N N
w w w w ~rl w w w w w w w
n
5
u .
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 6
2.6. 1 IN T ROD UC T IO N.
0 E n e r g y s t o r a g e : c r y o g e n i c s t o r a g e ; pyrotechnic, e n t r y , and S / M
jettison controller batteries
e P o w e r conversion: solid s t a t e i n v e r t e r s , b a t t e r y c h a r g e r
2. 6. 2. 1 E n e r g y Stowage.
A s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e of e n e r g y s t o r a g e i s provided b y b a t t e r i e s .
T h e b a t t e r i e s supply s e q u e n c e r logic and p y r o power at all t i m e s , sup-
p l e m e n t a l d - c power f o r high-peak l o a d s , and all e l e c t r i c a l power r e q u i r e d
d u r i n g the e n t r y and postlanding p h a s e s after CSM s e p a r a t i o n .
SYSTEMS DATA
2.6.2.4 P o w e r Distribution.
E L E C T R I ~ ~ LP ~ E SYSTEM
R
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2.6-2
ENERGY STORAGE I POWER GENERATION
ENTRY
BATTERY A
I
I
1
ENTRY I
BATTERY C
ENTRY
I
BATTERY B
II
I
OVERLOAf
FUEL CELL SENSE ANI
I
2
POWERPLANT
No. 1
+ REVERSE
CURREM
I - b
REUY
OVERLOA
"2 FUEL CELL
SENSE A N
CRYOGENIC
I --t POWERPUM + REVERSE
CURREM
SUBSYSTEM
REUY
2
OVERLOAC
FUELCELL SENSE AN[
? I ' POWRPUM + REVERSE
CURRENT
3 To: ECS
I
S/M JElTlSON
CONTROLLER
I
BATTERY A
S/M JETTISON
CONTROLLER
BATTERY B
F j T T Y A ! I
BATTERY A
BATTERY B
ENTRY
MTTERY 1
POWER GENERATION I POWER CONVERSION I POWER DISTI
I I
I I #
BUS A
I I PYRO
I I
I
.. . . .
b p P II Y R I o BUS A,
-
Miss:
SMZA -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
POWER DISTRIBUTION
NOTES:
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2 . 6 - 3 12 . 6 - 4
Mission
POL" I"
-e-
3
SM2A -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2.6.3.1 C r yo g e n ic Sto r a g e.
--
SYSTEMS DATA
r e a c t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e . With d e s i g n p r e s s u r e s in the t a n k s , s i n g l e - p h a s e
r e a c t a n t i s a v a i l a b l e independent of d o w n s t r e a m s y s t e m t r a n s f e r .
The m a n u a l m o d e of o p e r a t i o n s i m p l y b y p a s s e s t h e p r e s s u r e switches.
It c a n b e used in c a s e of c o n t r o l f a i l u r e o r when o p e r a t i n g with quantity
unbalanced depletion. To avoid e x c e s s i v e t e m p e r a t u r e s , a t h e r m a l s e n s i -
tive int.erlock device i s in s e r i e s with e a c h h e a t e r e l e m e n t in the 02 and
H2 t a n k s . T h e s e open t h e h e a t e r c i r c u i t s when i n t e r n a l t e m p e r a t u r e s
r e a c h 8 0 ° F and c l o s e when t e m p e r a t u r e s d e c r e a s e t o 7 0 ° F . Tank
p r e s s u r e s and q u a n t i t i e s a r e m o n i t o r e d on meters located on MDC-13.
O2 t a n k relief v a l v e s initially v e n t at 983 p s i g and r e s e a t a t 970 psig.
H2 r e l i e f v a l v e s vent a t 273 p s i g and r e s e a t a t 268 p s i g . The C & W s y s t e m
will a l a r m when oxygen p r e s s u r e in e i t h e r tank e x c e e d s 950 p s i a , o r g o e s
below 800 p s i a . T h e hydrogen system a l a r m s the C&W s y s t e m when
p r e s s u r e in e i t h e r tank e x c e e d s 270 p s i a , o r g o e s below 220 p s i a .
2. 6 . 3 . 2 Batteries.
A t o t a l of s e v e n s i l v e r oxide-zinc s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d
in the EPS. F i v e of t h e s e b a t t e r i e s a r e l o c a t e d in the C / M l o w e r equipment
bay, the o t h e r two i n s e c t o r I V of the S / M .
T h r e e e n t r y b a t t e r i e s ( A , B. and C ) p r o v i d e t h e p r i m a r y s o u r c e of
power after CSM s e p a r a t i o n and d u r i n g postlanding o p e r a t i o n s . P r i o r to
CSM s e p a r a t i o n , t h e e n t r y b a t t e r i e s p r o v i d e a s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e of power
while the fue1,cells provide the p r i m a r y s o u r c e . The e n t r y b a t t e r i e s a r e
f o r the following p u r p o s e s :
P r o v i d e power f o r E P S c o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y ( r e l a y s , i n d i c a t o r s , e t c . )
P r o v i d e s e q u e n t i a l logic p o w e r
The e n t r y b a t t e r i e s c a n b e r e c h a r g e d in flight.
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
02
/ 02
cOXYGE'i FILL VALVE d
02
I 02 PRESS
IND IMOC-131
SURGE T3'
TANK
i;
PRESSURE
DENSITY SIGNAL
CONDITIONER PROBE CONDITIONER
L
02
02 02
4
02
02 PREG (MDC-101
4
02
I
T&lP
02 PRESS
IND (MDC-131
WRGE
TANK
T3: SURGETANK
PRESSURE
'
02
3
...,
I
.....
....
I
i1
1 %
TEMP SIGNAL TRANSDUCER
-
SENSOR CONDITIONER
AC Bus
(ECS) '
b WARNING L O2 I L
3 BE TANK
NO. 1
,PROBE
- -0
SYSTEM
L,
PRES SUR^
SWITCH
02 NO. 1
-
RELIEF II
VALVE
HEATERS
4---
4 'I
HEATERS
l-
02-
4%
PRESSURE
RELIEF
1I
TANK NO. 2
PRESSURE
SWITCH
1
OXYGEN AC BUS
NO. 2
JSE
XNBR
PROBE
TEMP SIGNAL
CONDITIONER
-- OFF
I
i
' 02 TO: ECS
02 02
r
Figure 2 . 6
.-i,
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
I-CRYOCENIC TANK
FAh; MOTORS A-C BUS
ACl (MDC -221 NO. 1
RYOCENIC TANK
FAN MOTORS A C BUS
IC2 (MDC-221
ON
TO
HzFANS - 2 SWITCH
IMDC - U) 4
SM-2A-1118
ELECTRICAL P O W E R SYSTEM
M i s s ion B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date page 2 . 6 - 7 1 2 . 6 - 8
i .
~ HYDROGEN FILL VENT *--
1
[ ;DROGEN FILL VALVE 4
HZ
DENSITY 7
SIGNAL
SI
CONDITIONER
AC BUS
-?
O U A M I N H2
TANK NO. 1
OR8 L B
- HYDROGEN R UIEF I t 4-
Hz
I
TANK QUANTIM
DENSllY SIGNAL
CONDITIONER
FROM CB
-
2 CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS ACZ IMDC -F
1 - CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS ACI IMDC - 22)
1
fl 1
I H2 PRESS IMDC-IO1
r---
RED
H : .:p
.....
-
- HZ
1 DCMAIN
CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
TANK HEATERS H2-1
-- MNA IMDC-m
A
5A
"2 Ht
-
PRESSURE
-lH21 CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
TANK HEATERS ttz-2
D C MAIN
MNB IMDC-22)
BUS B
M
CONDITIONER
Mission 1
S M Z A -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
H2 TANK NO. 2
MOTOR SWITCH
Hy TANK NO. 1 MOTOR SWITCH CONTACTS 0 CONTACTS ,
TANK NO. 1
SWITCH
I
I CONTACTS
u u
IA AUTO
I" u LC
OFF -l--
D C MAIN I
4
0
HZ FANS -
CRYOGENlC SYSTEM
TANK HEATERS Hz-2
Hy HEATERS -2
- WDC-I31
AUTO
OFF -t--
*A
IC MAIN (MDC-131
MNB (MOC-ZZl
BUS B AUTO
. Off
ON
SM-ZA-635E
SYSTEMS DATA
P e r f o r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of e a c h S I C b a t t e r y a r e a s follows:
~
No. of Open
C apac it y Cells Circuit Ambient
Per Per Voltage Nominal ' M i n i m u m Battery
Battery Battery Battery (Max. 1 Voltage i Voltage Temperature
SYSTEMS DATA
I I
No. of Open
Capacity Cells Circuit Ambient
Per Per Voltage Nominal M i n i m u m Battery
Battery Battery Battery (Ma.1 Voltage Voltage Temperature
2. 6 . 3 . 3 F u e l C e l l Power Plants.
E a c h f u e l c e l l p o w e r plant c o n s i s t s of 31 s i n g l e c e l l s , connected in
s e r i e s , and a n a c c e s s o r y section. E a c h s i n g l e c e l l g e n e r a t e s a p p r o x i -
m a t e l y 1 volt. T h e a c c e s s o r y s e c t i o n c o n s i s t s of a n i t r o g e n p r e s s u r i z a t i o n
s y s t e m , an oxygen f e e d , a h y d r o g e n f e e d , a p r i m a r y ( h y d r o g e n ) loop, and
a s e c o n d a r y (glycol) loop ( f i g u r e 2 . 6 - 3 ) . T h e p r i m a r y and s e c o n d a r y loops
c o n t r o l t h e t e m p e r a t u r e within t h e f u e l c e l l power plant. T h e p r i m a r y loop
a l s o e x t r a c t s potable w a t e r f r o m t h e p o w e r plant f o r u s e b y the c r e w . T h e
s e c o n d a r y loop r a d i a t e s h e a t f r o m t h e p o w e r plant into s p a c e t h r o u g h
r a d i a t o r s l o c a t e d on the e x t e r i o r of t h e S / M .
Oxygen, s t o r e d in a c r y o g e n i c s t a t e a t a p r e s s u r e of 9 0 0 * 3 5 p s i a , i s
supplied to t h e fuel c e l l p o w e r p l a n t s . Due t o the low-flow r a t e , t h e
oxygen a b s o r b s h e a t while flowing through t h e l i n e s , a b s o r b s additional
h e a t in t h e p r e h e a t e r , flows to the oxygen r e g u l a t o r , and r e a c h e s t h e fuel
c e l l p o w e r p l a n t s in a g a s e o u s f o r m a t t e m p e r a t u r e s above t 1 0 0 " F . T h e
r e g u l a t o r i s d e s i g n e d to m a i n t a i n a p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l of 10. 5 p s i a above
t h e n i t r o g e n p r e s s u r e , supplying the oxygen to the f u e l c e l l a t a n o m i n a l
62. 5 p s i a . T h e oxygen in t h e s y s t e m i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 99.99 p e r c e n t
p u r e . O v e r a p e r i o d of t i m e , t h e i m p u r i t i e s a c c u m u l a t e in t h e r e a c t a n t
c o m p a r t m e n t and d e c r e a s e fuel c e l l efficiency. T h i s i s noted by a d r o p in
f u e l c e l l p e r f o r m a n c e . To e l i m i n a t e t h e i m p u r i t i e s , t h e fuel c e l l i s
p u r g e d . N o r m a l l y a fuel c e l l will b e purged e v e r y 2 4 h o u r s ; h o w e v e r ,
the a c t u a l p u r g e c y c l e will b e d e t e r m i n e d b y the p r e d i c t e d m i s s i o n power
p r o f i l e and t h e p u r i t y of t h e r e a c t a n t a s i t i s c a l c u l a t e d to b e a f t e r
--.-
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
C O N D EXH
7
I5 7
-
E
lo<
-? -
FUEL CELL SC 2081T
b
f
- sc 2wpr
sc 20701
SC 20711
INDICATORS @- sc 208n \ AUX
XI0
-------------
F U E L CELL
SC 2083T
I POWER PLANT
I
I WATER
I
I
I HYDROGEN
I
I REGULATOR
I
I
I
REGENERATOR
[MDC- 15)
PURGE
To: F”: To: ECS LINE ha: Hydrogon
GLYCOL RADIATOR POTABU
HEATERS Stomgo Tonb
sc pen WATER
SC 2088T HYDROGEN
SC 2089T OVERBOARD
F/C RAD 1 VENT -_
-0-
TEMP LOW
Mission -
.r
1
,.p*
..... .
'
. I ...
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
S2W) ,
TO DC M A I N
BLSES A 6 8
F M L CELL 2
PURGE (MDC-?I) eA>
H PURGE LINE
H?R (MDC-15)
TO HYDROGEN -0"
QUI PRESS HI 3 . 8
- sc iQ69P
SC 2070P
SC 2071P
H2 PURGE 0 2 PURGE
sc 20841
sc 20851
sc 2 x 6 1
MODULE TEMP
7SKIN
I
_ - - _ _ _ - , _ - - -
FUEL CELL LOAD
OFF
- - - - - - - - - 1A r - 5s
- so
sc 2067P
REG OUT
PRESS H I
oz
NITROGEN OVERBOARD VENT
sc p 6 o P
I I
II c-
-
ILJ
OXYGEN
'PEHwTER
I
I AM-'
A* B%
REG OUT PRESS HI
LU/*
----
SHUTOFF VALVE
- - - d
% FLOW SENSOR
1 sc2[
I.* y
1.2
-
-
@ - F G L CELL :*'
INDICATORS -a-
~
OVEllBOARD VENT
p$@l/i'l,
tial order.
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
- SYSTEMS DATA
Hydrogen, s t o r e d in a c r y o g e n i c s t a t e at a p r e s s u r e of 245 ( t 1 5 , - 2 0 )
p s i a and regulated down t o a p r e s s u r e of 60. 5 p s i a , flows into the hydrogen
r e g e n e r a t o r loop, p a s s i n g through a n in-line h e a t e r and into the fuel c e l l .
The i n - l i n e h e a t e r i s an automatic device which a i d s the fuel c e l l power
plant in sustaining o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e at low-power o p e r a t i n g l e v e l s .
The hydrogen, o r p r i m a r y r e g e n e r a t o r loop, i s used f o r fuel c e l l t h e r m a l
c o n t r o l and p e r m i t s w a t e r r e m o v a l f r o m the fuel c e l l . The h e a t g e n e r a t e d
by the r e a c t i o n i s t r a n s f e r r e d t o the s a t u r a t e d H2 fluid. The hot, s a t u r a t e d
hydrogen i s d r a w n into the hydrogen exhaust l i n e by the H2 pump. A s e n s o r
in t h i s line p r o v i d e s an input to an e l e c t r o n i c switch which c o n t r o l s
activation of the H2 in-line h e a t e r . Activation of t h i s h e a t e r is a c c o m -
plished a u t o m a t i c a l l y a t a hydrogen exhaust t e m p e r a t u r e of 385*5" F,
supplying additional h e a t t o hydrogen g a s flowing to t h e f u e l c e l l power
plant. The in-line h e a t e r i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y deactivated a t a t e m p e r a t u r e
of 390*5"F. After p a s s i n g the i n - l i n e h e a t e r s e n s o r , t h e s a t u r a t e d
hydrogen f l o w s to a s e n s o r - c o n t r o l l e d b y p a s s valve. T h i s v a l v e c o n t r o l s
the amount of exhaust g a s flowing through the H2 r e g e n e r a t o r . The s e n s o r
c l o s e s the b y p a s s valve at 4 2 5 " F , allowing all e x h a u s t g a s t o flow through
t h e r e g e p e r a t o r . T h i s h e a t s the r e t u r n i n g hydrogen and s u s t a i n s o p e r a -
ting t e m p e r a t u r e of the f u e l cell. With the b y p a s s valve in a full r e g e n e r a -
t i v e pos,ition ( t e m p e r a t u r e s 425" o r l o w e r ) , if fuel c e l l power plant
t e m p e r a t u r e continues to d e c r e a s e , t h e i n - l i n e h e a t e r will b e activated
t o supply additional h e a t . If power plant t e m p e r a t u r e i s above 4 2 5 " F , the
s e n s o r c a u s e s t h e b y p a s s valve to open p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y ( f u l l y open a t
4 9 5 ° F ) allowing e x h a u s t g a s t o flow d i r e c t l y t o t h e c o n d e n s e r . A t r a n s f e r
of h e a t f r o m the hydrogen and s t e a m t o t h e glycol t a k e s p l a c e in the
c o n d e n s e r . The t e m p e r a t u r e of the hydrogen and s t e a m i s lowered to
between 155" and 1 7 5 " F , t h u s liquifying s o m e of t h e w a t e r v a p o r . A s e n s o r
in the c o n d e n s e r exhaust, c o n t r o l s a glycol r e g e n e r a t o r b y p a s s v a l v e in
t h e glycol r a d i a t o r r e t u r n l i n e which r e g u l a t e s t h e t e m p e r a t u r e of the
glycol. T h i s , in t u r n , h e l p s c o n t r o l f u e l c e l l t e m p e r a t u r e and m a i n t a i n s
t h e t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e c o n d e n s e r exhaust within the d e s i r e d r a n g e of
155" to 1 7 5 ° F . The liquid w a t e r and hydrogen then flows through a
c e n t r i f u g a l w a t e r s e p a r a t o r p u m p which e x t r a c t s the w a t e r and d e l i v e r s
it t o the ECS potable w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k in t h e C / M . T h e amount of w a t e i
produced by e a c h fuel c e l l is in d i r e c t r e l a t i o n t o the r e a c t a n t s c o n s u m e d
which is r e l a t e d t o power output. (See f i g u r e 2 . 6 - 4 . )
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date page 2.6-15
SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
3.0
2.5
2.0
I .5
1 .O
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 .o I .5 2.0 2.5 3.0
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM .
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 N o v 1966 Change Date Page 2-61-16
SMZA-03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
L-
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 6 . 3 . 4 Inve r t e r s .
E a c h i n v e r t e r ( f i g u r e 2. 6 - 6 ) i s composed of a c l o c k o s c i l l a t o r , an
e i g h t - s t a g e d i g i t a l countdown s e c t i o n , a d - c l i n e f i l t e r , two s i l i c o n -
controlled rectifiers, a magnetic amplifier, a buck-boost amplifier, a
d e m o d u l a t o r , two d - c f i l t e r s , an e i g h t - s t a g e power i n v e r s i o n s e c t i o n ,
a h a r m o n i c n e u t r a l i z a t i o n t r a n s f o r m e r , an a - c output f i l t e r , c u r r e n t
s e n s i n g t r a n s f o r m e r s , a Z e n e r diode r e f e r e n c e b r i d g e , a low-voltage
c o n t r o l , and a n o v e r c u r r e n t t r i p c i r c u i t . The i n v e r t e r n o r m a l l y u s e s a
6 . 4 - k c s q u a r e wave s y n c h r o n i z i n g s i g n a l f r o m t h e c e n t r a l t i m i n g equip-
m e n t ( C T E ) which m a i n t a i n s i n v e r t e r output a t 400*2 c p s . If t h i s e x t e r n a l
s i g n a l i s c o m p l e t e l y l o s t , t h e o s c i l l a t o r within t h e i n v e r t e r will p r o v i d e
p u l s e s t h a t will m a i n t a i n i n v e r t e r output within *7 c p s . The i n t e r n a l
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
-
-
-
-
--
4m-
-
350
-
-
-
c
-- LIQUID
‘300
-
-
I
-
-
m-
-
o s c i l l a t o r i s n o r m a l l y s y n c h r o n i z e d b y t h e e x t e r n a l p u l s e which is
provided t h r o u g h t h e p h a s e s y n c h r o n i z i n g unit. T h e p h a s e s y n c h r o n i z e r
will p r o v i d e t h e s e p u l s e s t o t h e i n v e r t e r a f t e r a m a x i m u m of two s e c o n d s .
T h e following p a r a g r a p h s d e s c r i b e t h e function of t h e v a r i o u s s t a g e s of t h e
inverter.
T h e 6 . 4 - k c n e g a t i v e s q u a r e wave p r o v i d e d by t h e c e n t r a l t i m i n g
e q u i p m e n t i s applied t h r o u g h t h e p h a s e s y n c h r o n i z e r and t h e o s c i l l a t o r
to t h e e i g h t - s t a g e d i g i t a l countdown s e c t i o n . The o s c i l l a t o r h a s two
d i v i d e r c i r c u i t s which p r o v i d e a 1600-pps s i g n a l t o t h e m a g n e t i c a m p l i f i e r
and two s i l i c o n - c o n t r o l l e d r e c t i f i e r s .
T h e e i g h t - s t a g e d i g i t a l countdown s e c t i o n u s e s t h e 6.4-kc s q u a r e
wave s i g n a l t o p r o d u c e a s e r i e s of eight 4 0 0 - c y c l e s q u a r e w a v e s , e a c h
m u t u a l l y d i s p l a c e d one p u l s e t i m e f r o m t h e p r e c e d i n g and following wave.
Once p u l s e t i m e i s 156 m i c r o s e c o n d s and r e p r e s e n t s 22. 5 e l e c t r i c a l
d e g r e e s . T h i s s e r i e s of s q u a r e w a v e s i s applied to t h e e i g h t - s t a g e power
i n v e r s i o n s e c t ion.
SYSTEMS DATA
25-30 VOLTS
D-C INPUT
--- - ---- -----
'
I
D-C
LINE
FILTER
BUCK-
BOOST
AMPLIFIER
-
FILTER
1
1
I
I HARMONIC
NEUTRAL
TRANSFORMER
* ,I
I VOLTAGE
I
I
I
CONTROLLED 4
RECTIFIERS
A
(W
r
I '
ai
VOLTAGE
FILTER
I
I
I ' 1 CURRENT E 'BUS I
11 5 v
400 CPS
30
I I CU RRENT
REGULATION
-------I
BUS 2
'
INV 1 TEMP HI
C6W light
(MDC-11)
I
CCO175T I WAVE
DEVELOPMENT
I
--,J
I-,
INVERTER I
MO
O I
r-I-------
6.4 KC
SQUARE WAVE VOLTAGE
CONTROL OL2
( K 20)
PROTECTION
5 EC TI ON
INV 3 68 ItW 3
NOTE: Unless otherwise spcified:
1. Inverter 1 i s h o w n .
2. A denotes input volhge.
INV I INV 2 I N 3
CTE
SM-2A-639B
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
T h e d e m o d u l a t o r c o m p e n s a t e s f o r any l o w - f r e q u e n c y r i p p l e in t h e d - c
input to the i n v e r t e r . The h i g h - f r e q u e n c y r i p p l e is attenuated by t h e
f i l t e r s . T h e d e m o d u l a t o r s e n s e s t h e 35-volt d - c output of the buck-boost
a m p l i f i e r and t h e c u r r e n t input to t h e b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r . It c o m -
p e n s a t e s f o r r i p p l e in t h e 10- to 1000-cps r a n g e . An input voltage d r o p
o r i n c r e a s e w i l l be r e f l e c t e d in a d r o p o r i n c r e a s e in t h e 35-volt d - c
output of the b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r a s w e l l a s a d r o p o r i n c r e a s e in c u r r e n t
input to t h e 6 u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r , A s e n s e d d e c r e a s e in t h e buck-boost
a m p l i f i e r v o l t a g e output would b e c o m p e n s a t e d f o r a d e m o d u l a t o r output,
t r a n s f o r m e r coupled, to t h e s i l i c o n - c o n t r o l l e d r e c t i f i e r s , causing t h e m to
conduct f o r a l o n g e r t i m e , t h u s i n c r e a s i n g t h e i r f i l t e r e d output. A s e n s e d
i n c r e a s e in b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r voltage output, c a u s e d by a n i n c r e a s e in
t h e d - c input t o t h e i n v e r t e r , would c a u s e the d e m o d u l a t o r to p r o d u c e a
s i g n a l c a u s i n g t h e s i l i c o n - c o n t r o l l e d r e c t i f i e r s to conduct f o r s h o r t e r
p e r i o d s , producing a l o w e r f i l t e r e d output to the b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r .
In t h i s f a s h i o n , t h e 3 5 - v o l t d - c input t o t h e power i n v e r s i o n s e c t i o n i s
m a i n t a i n e d at a r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t level.
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
-
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e h a r m o n i c n e u t r a l i z a t i o n s e c t i o n , using t h e 4 0 0 - c y c l e , s q u a r e -
wave output of t h e eight- s t a g e power i n v e r s i o n s e c t i o n , t r a n s f o r m s it into
a 3 - p h a s e 4 0 0 - c y c l e 115-volt s i n e wave signal. T h e m a n n e r in which t h e s e
t r a n s f o r m e r s a r e wound p r o d u c e s flux c a n c e l l a t i o n which e l i m i n a t e s a l l
h a r m o n i c s up t o and including t h e fifteenth of t h e f u n d a m e n t a l f r e q u e n c y .
T h e 22. 5 e l e c t r i c a l d e g r e e d i s p l a c e m e n t of t h e s q u a r e wave p r o v i d e s a
m e a n s of e l e c t r i c a l l y r o t a t i n g t h e s q u a r e wave excited p r i m a r y windings
a r o u n d t h e 3 - p h a s e , w y e - c o n n e c t e d , s e c o n d a r y windings, t h u s p r o d u c i n g
t h e 3 - p h a s e 4 0 0 - c y c l e s i n e wave output. T h i s 115-volt s i g n a l i s t h e n
applied t o t h e a - c output filter.
T h e a - c output f i l t e r e l i m i n a t e s t h e r e m a i n i n g h i g h e r h a r m o n i c s .
Since t h e l o w e r h a r m o n i c s w e r e e l i m i n a t e d b y the h a r m o n i c n e u t r a l i z a t i o n
s e c t i o n , the s i z e and weight of t h i s output f i l t e r w a s r e d u c e d . C i r c u i t r y
in t h i s f i l t e r a l s o p r o d u c e s a r e c t i f i e d s i g n a l which i s applied to t h e Z e n e r
diode referenc: b r i d g e . The a m p l i t u d e of t h i s s i g n a l i s a function of t h e
a m p l i t u d e of a - c output voltage. A f t e r f i l t e r i n g , t h e 3 - p h a s e 115-volt
a - c 4 0 0 - c y c l e s i n e wave i s applied t o t h e a - c b u s e s t h r o u g h c u r r e n t -
s e n s ing t r a n s f o r m e r s .
e n c e b r i d g e t o r e g u l a t e i n v e r t e r c u r r e n t output. It i s a l s o applied t o an
overcurrent t r i p circuit.
The Z e n e r diode r e f e r e n c e b r i d g e r e c e i v e s a r e c t i f i e d d - c s i g n a l ,
r e p r e s e n t i n g voltage output, f r o m t h e c i r c u i t r y in t h e a - c output f i l t e r .
A v a r i a n c e in voltage output u n b a l a n c e s t h e b r i d g e providing a n e r r o r
s i g n a l df p r o p e r p o l a r i t y and m a g n i t u d e t o t h e b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r v i a
t h e m a g n e t i c a m p l i f i e r . When i n v e r t e r c u r r e n t output r e a c h e s 200 t o 250
p e r c e n t of r a t e d c u r r e n t , t h e r e c t i f i e d s i g n a l applied to t h e b r i d g e f r o m t h e
c u r r e n t s e n s i n g t r a n s f o r m e r s i s of sufficient m a g n i t u d e to p r o v i d e a n
e r r o r s i g n a l and c a u s e t h e b u c k - b o o s t a m p l i f i e r to o p e r a t e in t h e s a m e
m a n n e r as d u r i n g a n o v e r v o l t a g e condition. T h e b i a s output of t h e buck-
b o o s t a m p l i f i e r , being c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e e r r o r s i g n a l , will b e v a r i e d to
c o r r e c t f o r any v a r i a t i o n in i n v e r t e r v o l t a g e o r c u r r e n t output. When
i n v e r t e r c u r r e n t output r e a c h e s 250 p e r c e n t of r a t e d c u r r e n t , the o v e r -
c u r r e n t t r i p circuit i s activated.
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e s y n c h r o n i z e r p r o v i d e s t h i s function f o r any c o m b i n a t i o n of p a i r s
of the t h r e e a v a i l a b l e i n v e r t e r s . A t w o - p o s i t i o n toggle s w i t c h on t h e PSU,
when positioned t o O F F , allows f o r d i r e c t input of C T E s i g n a l s t o t h e
i n v e r t e r s in t h e e v e n t of f a i l u r e of t h e s y n c h r o n i z e r unit. However, in
t h i s s i t u a t i o n , 'the i n - p h a s e r e l a t i o n s h i p would not b e r e a l i z e d .
2 . 6 . 3. 5 Batterv Charger.
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
11
I C
VcXlACf
CONlRcX
T h e b a t t e r y c h a r g e r u s e s 25 t o 30 v o l t s d c f r o m t h e m a i n d - c b u s e s
and 115 v o l t s 4OO-cps, 3 - p h a s e a c f r o m e i t h e r of t h e a - c b u s e s . All t h r e e
p h a s e s of ac a r e u s e d t o b o o s t t h e 25 to 30-volt d - c input t o p r o d u c e
40 v o l t s d c f o r c h a r g i n g . In addition, p h a s e A of t h e a c i s u s e d to supply
p o w e r f o r t h e r e s t of t h e c h a r g e r c i r c u i t r y . The logic n e t w o r k in t h e
c h a r g e r , which c o n s i s t s of a t w o - s t a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l a m p l i f i e r ( c o m p a r a t o r ) ,
a t w o - s t a g e S c h m i t t t r i g g e r , a c u r r e n t s e n s i n g r e s i s t o r , and a v o l t a g e
a m p l i f i e r will s e t ' u p t h e initial condition f o r o p e r a t i o n . T h e f i r s t s t a g e
of t h e c o m p a r a t o r i s in t h e on m o d e , with t h e second s t a g e in t h e off m o d e ,
placing t h e S c h m i t t t r i g g e r f i r s t s t a g e in t h e on m o d e with the s e c o n d
s t a g e off. T h i s condition p r o v i d e s m a x i m u m b a s e d r i v e t o t h e c u r r e n t
a m p l i f i e r which t u r n s t h e switching t r a n s i s t o r t o t h e on m o d e . With t h e
switching t r a n s i s t o r on, c u r r e n t flows f r o m t h e t r a n s f o r m e r r e c t i f i e r
t h r o u g h t h e switching t r a n s i s t o r , c u r r e n t s e n s i n g r e s i s t o r , and s w i t c h
-
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
BATTERY
VOLTAGE
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
page 2 . 6 - 2 4
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
'SYSTEMS DATA
Two n o n e s s e n t i a l b u s e s , powered t h r o u g h e i t h e r d - c m a i n b u s A o r B
P y r o b u s e s , which a r e i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e m a i n e l e c t r i c a l power
s y s t e m when powered b y t h e p y r o b a t t e r i e s . A c a p a b i l i t y is p r o -
vided to connect e n t r y b a t t e r y A o r B t o t h e r e s p e c t i v e A o r B p y r o
s y s t e m in c a s e of l o s s of a p y r o b a t t e r y .
S / M j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r s , powered by S / M j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r
b a t t e r i e s , which a r e c o m p l e t e l y i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e m a i n e l e c t r i c a l
power s y s t e m .
P o w e r f r o m t h e f u e l c e l l power p l a n t s i s connected to t h e m a i n d - c
b u s e s t h r o u g h s i x m o t o r s w i t c h e s ( p a r t of o v e r l o a d / r e v e r s e c u r r e n t c i r -
c u i t s in t h e S / M which a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y s w i t c h e s in t h e C / M l o c a t e d on
MDC-18. F u e l c e l l power c a n b e connected to e i t h e r o r both of t h e m a i n
d - c b u s e s . Six e v e n t i n d i c a t o r s show when fuel c e l l output i s connected.
When an o v e r l o a d condition o c c u r s , t h e o v e r l o a d - r e v e r s e c u r r e n t s e n s i n g
c i r c u i t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i s c o n n e c t t h e f u e l c e l l power p l a n t s f r o m the
o v e r l o a d e d b u s and p r o v i d e v i s u a l d i s p l a y s f o r i s o l a t i o n of t h e t r o u b l e .
A r e v e r s e c u r r e n t condition w i l l d i s c o n n e c t the malfunctioning power plant
from t h e d - c s y s t e m . D-C u n d e r v o l t a g e s e n s i n g c i r c u i t s ( f i g u r e 2 . 6 - 1 0 )
a r e a l s o provided t o i n d i c a t e b u s low v o l t a g e conditions. If voltage d r o p s
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date page 2.6-25
SMZA-03-SCOI2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
-
,+
M n f N 0115 A - 1 MTTERY IUS I - I MTIEN IUS B - 1
-
ENTIV I 4 l l E W C fMRY MTIERV C €NTW B4lTttV C
FUGU1 6 WSlLANDIF4G B V I FUCHT 6 FOSIUNDING BUS CM DC W I N B U S *
NQNESSLNTI4L #VI IW NONfSStN71AL IVI SW CH M WIN B V S B
fLo*l M G N O t COMIOL
f t C 4 l M C NC JCONTIOL
POSIUNOING ECS ILmflCONTIOL
D-C X U I N G UM1 h
K lNDlC4lOtS Su 'Wlh Ob5 A ) ,IN IUS Bi U? VOICE-U? DATA DISC
CtYOGEMCI HZ I A N K I H U l f l SY s ,* DAT4 S l O U G t M U l M M
CAW b W 4 I N D L I ~ O I O NUMT I --t W M O D U U n O N PlOCUSOI
1 - t A m 0 CtNTEt -WV
4 WJCAMK- I U V I C O H D I
--3 SCS DIUCT U U G f
2
U
-
4S0tLOCL-CMNMlALC
5 0 I O U - M W E L I A D
SCSVAW
--c) WF-AM I U M M l T I i ~UCUWI
Hf I U M C U M I
-t A m 0 CIMLI-COHDI
Y C U L - E" L wv
- E M I Y MTT(IV 4
I
1- CM M WIN M A
cowL(sI0t w. I WtlGHlING In
-
wsnt MM $to tom
LOGLC MIA
-
% INDKAIW SW (U1A)
M W E t V tEUV IUS
YOLDOUZ ERAME / -7
Mis s ion
.. ...
S M Z A -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
CM DC M I N IUS 8 DC
"0 - Cf LL NO
FU€L 1
LE) ioGic wa I) F IO
EDS-IVS NO 3
untn A
DC U W f N O L f A G f SIMING UNT - MN W A
SKOALIMP. uicn
E
VM
*
t
-XllISON
CONROLLEI
MllEN I
0" # %. Co7I.c"
S/M l T l l S O N C O M t O L U t I
,-in C l d
S*C%*JYG
F i g u r e 2.6-9. D-C P o w e r D i s t r i b u ti on
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
CUL" . .
a,
SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
- SYSTEMS DATA
x
A
3,
n
0
n
2
U
i
I
6
t
I
lI - sag
4r Yi
c
c
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
AC
Phases 3
Displacement lZO* 2 d e g r e e s
Un b a1a n c e 2 v a c ( w o r s t phase f r o m a v e r a g e )
Frequency limits
N o r m a l ( s y n c h r o n i z e d to 400*2 c q s
c e n t r a l timing equipment)
E m e r g e n c y ( l o s s of c e n t r a l 400*7 c p s
t i m i n g equipment)
Wave c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( s i n e wave)
Maximum distortion 5 percent
Highest h a r m o n i c 4 percent
C r e s t factor 1.414*10 p e r c e n t
Rating 1250 v a
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date . page 2.6-30
WTTERV CHARGER-
MNA
Figure 2 . 6 - !
Mission Basic
.-.
SMZA -03 - SCO I 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
i
M T T E R Y CWUGER-
MNB
- SYSTEMS DATA
INDICATORSSW INDICATORS SW
BATTERY CHARGER
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- CRYOGENIC FAN MOTORS SYS 2
MTTERY CHARGER
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
-
---) ECS CABIN RECIRC, TEMP CONTROL ECS CABIN RECIRC CON1 AND
AND WASTE MGT BLOWER TEMP CO NT
-
STAB. AND CON1 SYS GROW 1
F i g u r e 2.6-12. A-C P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n
SYSTEMS DATA
DC
Steady- s t a t e voltage l i m i t s
Normal 29*2.0 vdc
P o w e r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e E P S a r e a s follows:
F U E L CELLS
Total
including pf
correction 373.5
SYSTEMS DATA
CRYOGENICS
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change D a t e page 2.6-35
S M 2 A - 0 3 - S C O 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
SENSING UNITS
s e n s i n g unit
(2 circuits)
INVERTERS AC INVERTER-1, - 2 ,
( S e e note) and - 3 s w (MDC-18)
2.6. 5 . 1 F u e l C e l l P o w e r Plants.
e E x t e r n a l nonoperating p r e s s u r e Atmospheric
0 N o r m a l voltage 27 to 31 vdc
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
0 M i n i m u m o p e r a t i n g voltage
Emergency operation 20. 5 vdc a t 2295 w a t t s
( g r o s s power l e v e l )
Normal operation 27 v d c
0 M a x i m u m o p e r a t i n g voltage 31 vdc
0 F u e l c e l l d i s c o n n e c t ( o v e r l o a d and 75 a m p e r e s f o r o v e r
r e ver se c u r r e n t r el a y ) 1 5 m i n u t e s , 112 a m p e r e s
f o r 25 to 300 s e c o n d s
Maximum r e v e r s e c u r r e n t 1 second m i n i m u m
0 H2 p u r g e l i n e h e a t e r 4 watts
0 M a x i m u m g r o s s power u n d e r 2295 w a t t s
e m e r g e n c y conditions
0 Nitrogen p r e s s u r e 52 to 70 p s i a
0 Reactant p r e s s u r e
qxygen 62 to 75 p s i a
Hydrogen 60. 5 to 75 p s i a
0 R e a c t a n t c o n s u m p t i o n / f u e l cell
p o w e r plant
Power Level 563W I 2295W
0 Electrolyte w a t e r concentration
0 Minimum stack t e m p e r a t u r e f o r
self- sustaining operation
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 N o v 1966 Change Date page 2 . 6 - 3 7
SM2A-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
0 2 s w i t c h ON t i m e 2 minutes
H 2 switch ON t i m e 80 s e c o n d s
0 M i n i m u m u s a b l e quantity
Oxygen 320 lb e a c h tank
H yd rog en 2 8 l b e a c h tank
0 T e m p e r a t u r e at time of f i l l
Oxygen - 2 9 7 ° F (approx)
Hydrogen -423 OF ( a p p r o x )
0 Operating p r e s s u r e range
Oxygen 865 to 935 p s i a
H yd r o g e n 225 to 260 p s i a
0 M a x i m u m allowable d i f f e r e n c e
in quantity balanc e between t a n k s
Oxygen t a n k s No. 1 and 2 15 l b
Hydrogen tanks No. 1 and 2 1 lb
0 P r e s s u r e relief v a l v e o p e r a t i o n
Crack pressure
Oxygen 998 p s i a
H yd r og e n 288 p s i a
Reseat pressure
Oxygen 980 p s i a
H yd r o g e n 283 p s i a
F u l l flow, m a x i m u m relief
Oxygen 1025 psia
Hydrogen 300 p s i a
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page 2.6-38
SM2A -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2.6.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
An a s t e r i s k (:::) by t h e m e a s u r e m e n t n u m b e r d e n o t e s information
which is n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r r e c o r d i n g o r t e l e m e t r y t r a n s m i s s i o n d u r i n g
P C M low b i t r a t e operation.
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM
r
SYSTEMS DATA
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Rang e C r e w Display
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2.6-41
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Ope r a t i n g
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
output amps
SC 2114 C DC c u r r e n t F / C 2 Zero/t100 18 to 22 a m p s DC AMPS m e t e r
output amps
SC 2115 C DC c u r r e n t F / C 3 Z e r o / t 100 18 to 2 2 a m p s DC AMPS m e t e r
output amps
sc 2120 x F u e l cell 1 6 u s A Off / on Connect e d F / C BUS DISCON-
di s connect event NECT C&W light
and F U E L CELL-1-
MAIN BUS A
switch event
indicator
sc 2121 x Fuel cell 2 bus A Off / o n Connected F / C BUS DISCON-
disconnect event NECT C&W light
and FUEL CELL-2-
MAIN BUS A
s w i t c h event
indicator
sc 2122 x Fuel cell 3 bus A Off/on Disconnected F / C BUS DISCON-
disconnect event NECT C&W light
and F U E L CELL-3-
MAIN BUS A
switch event
indicator
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SMZA-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Ope r a t i n g
Number De s c r i p t i o n Range Range C r e w Display
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~~~
Measure- Normal
ment Sensor Ope r a t i n g
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
~~ ~
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
2.6-44
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page
SM2A-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
-_
SYSTEMS DATA
A u x i l i a r y DC VOLTS M e t e r
Switch P o s i t i o n s
I
Indication ( T e l e m e t r y Identity) Function Test
and Code No.) Select Select S e n s o r Range
N2 p r e s s u r e , p s i a A 0 to 75 p s i a
F / C 1 SC 2060 P 1
F / C 2 SC 2061 P 2
F / C 3 SC 2062 P
0 2 pressure, psia 0 t o 75 p s i a
F / C 1 SC 2066 P
F / C 2 SC 2067 P
F / C 3 SC 2068 P
H2 p r e s s u r e , p s i a 0 to 75 psia
F / C 1 SC 2069 P
F / C 2 SC 2070 P
F / C 3 SC 2071 P .
E P S radiator outlet temp -50" to t 3 0 0 " F
F / C 1 SC 2087 T
F / C 2 S C 2088 T
F / C 3 SC 2089 T
P I P A t e m p CC, 2300 T
r 5
I $125" to t 1 3 5 " F
IRIG t e m p CG 2301 T
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
I I
Switch P o s i t i o n s
A u x i l i a r y DC VOLTS M e t e r
Indication ( T e l e m e t r y Identity) Function Test
and Code N o . ) Select Select S e n s o r Range
IMU c u r r e n t 0 to 5 a m p s
H e a t e r C G 2302 C 7
B l o w e r CG 2303 C 8
I
I I I
B a t t e r y manifold
P r e s s u r e , p s i a CC 0188 P 0 to 18 p s i a
1 9
E C S r a d i a t o r inlet
T e m p S F 0665 T
I lo
I t 6 0 " to t 1 5 0 " F
T h e c o n v e r s i o n of t h e p r e v i o u s l y l i s t e d t e l e m e t r y m e a s u r e m e n t s
t o t h e a u x i l i a r y DC V O L T S m e t e r indication is p r e s e n t e d as follows:
AU-
iliary
DC
VOLTS
Meter
Display
N2,02,
H2
P r e ssure
(PSIA)
E PS
Radiator
Outlet
Temp
CIM-
RCS
3xidizer
Valve
Temp
I PIPA
Temp
IRIG
Temp
IMU
Heater
and Battery
B l o w e r Man if old
Current Pressure
(PSIA)
ECS
Rad ia t o r
Inlet
Temp
(OF) ( O F ) (OF) (OF) (Amps) ( O F )
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
AU-
iliary
DC NZ, 0 2 ,
EPS
C/M-
RCS
Radiator Oxidizer
IMU
Heater
and Battery
I ECS
Radiator
VOLTS HZ Outlet Valve PI P A IRIG Blower Manifold Inlet
Meter P r e s s u re Temp Temp Temp Temp Current Pressure Temp
Display (PSIA) (OF) (OF) ( O F ) (OF) (Amps) (PSIA) ( O F )
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 7
2.7.1 INTRODUCTION.
The c a b i n p r e s s u r e a n d t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s u b s y s t e m a u t o m a t i c a l l y
m a i n t a i n s t h e p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e cabin within s p e c i f i e d l i m i t s .
T h i s function i s a c c o m p l i s h e d in conjunction with t h e p r e s s u r e suit s u b s y s -
t e m by m e a n s of r e g u l a t e d oxygen inflow, r e c i r c u l a t i o n b l o w e r s , a h e a t
e x c h a n g e r , a t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l and s e n s o r s , v e n t v a l v e s , and o t h e r
v a l v e s and c o n t r o l s r e q u i r e d . T h e w a t e r - g l y c o l s u b s y s t e m is a n i n t e r -
m e d i a t e h e a t t r a n s f e r l o o p which p e r m i t s e x c e s s h e a t to be t r a n s f e r r e d
f r o m t h e C / M i n t e r i o r to t h e s p a c e r a d i a t o r s w h e r e i t is r e j e c t e d to the
c o s m i c sink. This function is a c c o m p l i s h e d by p u m p s , heat e x c h a n g e r s ,
SYSTEMS DATA
. O t h e r t h a n t h e c i r c u i t r y r e q u i r e d f o r c o n t r o l s a n d d i s p l a y s or e l e c t r i -
c a l p o w e r , t h r e e points of i n t e r f a c e e x i s t between t h e ECS and o t h e r S I C
s y s t e m s . All oxygen supplied to t h e ECS flows f r o m the c r y o g e n i c s t o r a g e
t a n k s , which a r e c o n s i d e r e d a p a r t of t h e EPS. The fuel c e l l s , a l s o a p a r t
of t h e EPS, f u r n i s h t h e o n b o a r d supply of potable w a t e r that i-s s t o r e d by the
ECS. T h e t h i r d i n t e r f a c e point is with t h e w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m ,
which c o n n e c t s into t h e ECS o v e r b o a r d dump line.
2 . 7. 2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.
-
SYSTEMS DATA
H e a t , g e n e r a t e d by t h e c r e w a n d t h e m a n y i t e m s of e l e c t r i c a l equip-
m e n t l o c a t e d in the cabin, is a b s o r b e d by r e c i r c u l a t i n g w a t e r - g l y c o l . T h e
h e a t is t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l a s it flows t h r o u g h t h e s u i t h e a t
e x c h a n g e r , t h e cabin h e a t e x c h a n g e r , a n d t h e cold p l a t e n e t w o r k f o r t h e
e l e c t r i c a l equipment. T h e w a r m w a t e r - g l y c o l is t h e n r o u t e d t h r o u g h s p a c e
r a d i a t o r s in t h e S / M , w h e r e t h e h e a t is r a d i a t e d t o s p a c e . Supplementing
t h e r a d i a t o r s a n d / o r a s a b a c k u p m o d e , w a t e r e v a p o r a t o r s a r e employed
f o r any a d d i t i o n a l t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l of s u i t g a s e s o r insufficiently cooled
w a t e r -glycol.
P o t a b l e a n d w a s t e w a t e r a r e g e n e r a t e d o n - b o a r d t h e S I C . The potable
w a t e r i s a b y - p r o d u c t of t h e E P S fuel c e l l s a n d flows t o t h e ECS w h e r e i t is
s t o r e d . Cold potable w a t e r is a v a i l a b l e t o t h e c r e w f o r d r i n k i n g , and hot o r
cold potable w a t e r is a v a i l a b l e f o r food r e c o n s t i t u t i o n . W a s t e w a t e r is
d e r i v e d f r o m t h e m o i s t u r e t h a t c o n d e n s e s in t h e w a t e r s e p a r a t o r of t h e s u i t
e x c h a n g e r . It i s c o l l e c t e d and s t o r e d by t h e ECS a n d u s e d f o r e v a p o r a t i v e
cooling i n tlie s u i t h e a t e x c h a n g e r e v a p o r a t o r a n d t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l
evaporator.
P e r t i n e n t d e s i g n d a t a in r e g a r d t o c o m p o n e n t s , t h e i r function within
e a c h s u b s y s t e m , and how t h e y i n t e r f a c e i s contained u n d e r m a j o r c o m p o -
n e n t / s u b s y s t e m d e s c r i p t i o n . T h e d e s c r i p t i o n follows t h e l o g i c a l flow,
component by c o m p o n e n t , t h r o u g h e a c h s u b s y s t e m of t h e ECS.
2 . 7. 3. 1 Oxygen Supply S u b s y s t e m .
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e 9 0 W 3 5 - p s i g oxygen supply, f r o m t h e c r y o g e n i c t a n k s , i s r e g u l a t e d
t o 100*10 p s i g by the m a i n p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r a s s e m b l y i l l u s t r a t e d i n
figure 2. 7-1, T h e m a i n p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a m a n u a l
s e l e c t o r v a l v e , two r e g u l a t o r s , and two r e l i e f and check v a l v e s . NORMAL
position of t h e m a n u a l s e l e c t o r v a l v e p a r a l l e l s the r e g u l a t o r s . P o s i t i o n
No. 1 o r No. 2 s e l e c t s i t s r e g u l a t o r r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e O F F position
i s o l a t e s a l l 0 2 supply f o r t h e c r e w a n d cabin. Should a r e g u l a t o r fail open,
t h e r e l i e f v a l v e for t h a t r e g u l a t o r will l i m i t the p r e s s u r e to 140 psig down-
s t r e a m a n d v e n t a m a x i m u m flow of 0. 75 pounds p e r minute into the cabin.
T h i s fault should be c o r r e c t e d by s e l e c t i n g t h e a l t e r n a t e r e g u l a t o r only.
.-
SYSTEMS DATA
SELECTOR VALVE
\
PRESSURE REGUL.ATOR
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
Cabin g a s e s a r e r e t u r n e d t o t h e s u i t c i r c u i t f o r r e m o v a l of c a r b o n
dioxide, o d o r s , h e a t , a n d m o i s t u r e . T h e s e g a s e s e n t e r a t the s u i t c i r c u i t
r e t u r n a i r v a l v e a s s e m b l y , which c o n s i s t s of two c h e c k v a l v e s in s e r i e s ,
and a m a p u a l shutoff v a l v e f o r isolating t h e s u i t c i r c u i t i f t h e cabin b e c o m e s
c o n t a m i n a t e d . T h e combined c a b i n a n d s u i t c i r c u i t a t m o s p h e r e f i r s t flows
through t h e d e b r i s t r a p , w h e r e s m a l l p a r t i c l e s of s o l i d m a t t e r a r e r e m o v e d .
T h e t r a p contains a b y p a s s valve in the event t h e f i l t e r s c r e e n b e c o m e s
clogged.
Two s u i t c o m p r e s s o r s , connected i n p a r a l l e l , m a i n t a i n c i r c u l a t i o n
within the s u i t c i r c u i t . N o r m a l l y only one c o m p r e s s o r i s o p e r a t e d a t a
t i m e ; h o w e v e r , both m a y be o p e r a t e d f o r a s m a l l advantage in s e n s i b l e heat
r e m o v a l with a l a r g e i n c r e a s e in power consumption i n a l l c a s e s except
p r e l a u n c h , o r when t h e t h r e e c r e w m e m b e r s a r e unsuited in a 5-psia
p r e s s u r i z e d cabin. A d i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r between t h e i n l e t
and outlet m a n i f o l d s of t h e c o m p r e s s o r s u p p l i e s s i g n a l s f o r indication on
the m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e (panel 13). C o m p r e s s o r output i s dependent on t h e
mode of o p e r a t i o n . In n o r m a l s p a c e o p e r a t i o n , the o p e r a t i n g c o m p r e s s o r
d e l i v e r s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 35 cubic f e e t p e r m i n u t e of s u i t g a s a t a p r e s s u r e
r i s e of 10 i n c h e s of w a t e r within the condition of 4 . 9 3 p s i a and 8 8 ° F . When
t h e cabin is u n p r e s s u r i z e d , t h e o p e r a t i n g c o m p r e s s o r d e l i v e r s a p p r o x i -
m a t e l y 34. 5 cubic feet p e r minute s u i t g a s a t a p r e s s u r e r i s e of 6 . 9 i n c h e s
of w a t e r when inlet conditions a r e 3. 51 p s i a a t 8 5 ° F .
.-
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e suit d e m a n d p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r ( f i g u r e 2. 7 - 2 ) c o n t r o l s suit
c i r c u i t p r e s s u r e i n n o r m a l a n d e m e r g e n c y m o d e s . It s u p p l i e s oxygen to t h e
s u i t s w h e n e v e r t h e suit c i r c u i t i s i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e cabin, and d u r i n g
d e p r e s s u r i z e d o p e r a t i o n s . It a l s o r e l i e v e s e x c e s s g a s to p r e v e n t o v e r -
pressurizing the suits.
T h e r e g u l a t o r c o n s i s t s e s s e n t i a l l y of two redundant d e m a n d r e g u l a -
t o r s , and a r e l i e f v a l v e . A s e l e c t o r v a l v e i s provided for s e l e c t i n g e i t h e r
o r both r e g u l a t o r s , N o r m a l l y both a r e in o p e r a t i o n .
E a c h r e g u l a t o r s e c t i o n c o n s i s t s of a n a n e r o i d c o n t r o l , and a d i f f e r e n -
t i a l d i a p h r a g m housed in a r e f e r e n c e c h a m b e r . The d i a p h r a g m is connected
by a r o d to t h e demand valve. T h e demand valve will be opened whenever a
p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l is s e n s e d a c r o s s t h e d i a p h r a g m . In o p e r a t i o n t h e r e i s
a c o n s t a n t b l e e d flow of oxygen f r o m t h e supply into t h e r e f e r e n c e c h a m b e r ,
ANEROID
TEST
,SUIT RELIEF
VALVE REFERENCE
CHAMBERS
'SUIT
RELl EF
VALVE
I-DEMAND REGULATOR
-.
I) S U I T RELIEF
F L O W S ---e
~ CONTROLLED BLEED
""'** REFERENCE CHAMBER RELIEF
ORIFICE
ClRCUlTl
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e i n c r e a s e d p r e s s u r e mode o c c u r s during d e p r e s s u r i z e d o p e r a t i o n s .
A s t h e cabin p r e s s u r e d e c r e a s e s t h e a n e r o i d expands. At 3. 75 p s i a the
a n e r o i d w i l l have expanded. sufficiently to r e s t r i c t t h e outflow of oxygen
t h r o u g h t h e c o n t r o l p o r t , t h u s i n c r e a s i n g the r e f e r e n c e c h a m b e r p r e s s u r e .
SYSTEMS DATA
A d i v e r t e r v a l v e l o c a t e d a t t h e c a n i s t e r s inlet i s n o r m a l l y positioned
t o d i r e c t g a s flow t h r o u g h both f i l t e r s . In conjunction with check v a l v e s ,
l o c a t e d a t e a c h c a n i s t e r outlet, r e p o s i t i o n i n g t h e d i v e r t e r valve i s o l a t e s a n
expended f i l t e r . A m a n u a l l y o p e r a t e d vent v a l v e f o r e a c h c a n i s t e r a l l o w s
e q u a l i z a t i o n to cabin p r e s s u r e p r i o r to t h e r e m o v a l of a f i l t e r .
Should t h e a b i l i t y of t h e suit e v a p o r a t o r s y s t e m d e m o n s t r a t e p r o p e r
o p e r a t i o n , t h e c o n t r o l s w i t c h would be p l a c e d t o the AUTO position. When
w a t e r - g l y c o l inlet t e m p e r a t u r e s to t h e s u i t h e a t e x c h a n g e r e x c e e d 5 2 ° F o r
t h e outlet t e m p e r a t u r e s of t h e suit c i r c u i t g a s e s f r o m the h e a t e x c h a n g e r
e x c e e d 6 0 " F , t h e suit h e a t e x c h a n g e r i s b y p a s s e d by t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l flow
t h r o u g h a d i v e r t e r valve. When t h e a u t o m a t i c - c o n t r o l l e d d i v e r t e r valve i s
i n t h e full b y p a s s p o s i t i o n , an i n t e g r a l s w i t c h in t h e d i v e r t e r v a l v e a s s e m b l y
i s a c t i v a t e d . T h e d i v e r t e r valve s w i t c h a c t i v a t e s the suit e v a p o r a t o r s t e a m
p r e s s u r e c o n t r o l unit. T h e c o r r e c t s t e a m duct p r e s s u r e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y
SYSTEMS DATA
e s t a b l i s h e d f o r a given t e m p e r a t u r e e r r o r by t h e s t e a m p r e s s u r e c o n t r o l
unit, p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r , and t h e s t e a m p r e s s u r e c o n t r o l valve. Initial
opening of t h e s t e a m p r e s s u r e c o n t r o l valve c a u s e s a s w i t c h in that valve
a s s e m b l y to a c t i v a t e the w e t n e s s c o n t r o l unit. W a t e r inlet t h r o u g h a
solenoid valve to t h e suit e v a p o r a t o r is a u t o m a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d by s e n s i n g
the suit e v a p o r a t o r w e t n e s s and t h e t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e suit g a s e s a t the
h e a t e x c h a n g e r outlet. When suit g a s t e m p e r a t u r e s r e t u r n t o n o r m a l , t h e
e v a p o r a t o r mode i s s e q u e n c i a l l y d e a c t i v a t e d and w a t e r - g l y c o l flow is
r e - e s t a b l i s h e d . By o v e r r i d i n g t h e s u i t g a s e s t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r a t t h e
outlet of the h e a t e x c h a n g e r t h e s y s t e m m a y a l s o be a c t i v a t e d , providing
t h e SUIT EVAP c o n t r o l switch is in the AUTO position. S i m u l a t e d high heat
load i s i n i t i a t e d by t h e SUIT HT EXCH switch ( L H E B -310).
A s t h e m o i s t u r e - l a d e n suit g a s e s a r e c o o l e d , c o n d e n s a t i o n t a k e s
p l a c e within t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r . T h i s m o i s t u r e is a b s o r b e d by a wick-like
m a t e r i a l , r e m o v e d by c a p i l l a r y a c t i o n and t h e s u c t i o n of t h e HzO a c c u m u -
l a t o r , and pumped into t h e w a s t e w a t e r s y s t e m .
T h e two a c c u m u l a t o r s a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d , s e l f - c y c l i n g ,
r e c i p r o c a t i n g pumps. Oxygen a t 100*10 p s i g p e r i o d i c a l l y a c t i v a t e s the
pumps on the expulsion s t r o k e , while a r e t u r n s p r i n g is u t i l i z e d f o r t h e
s u c t i o n s t r o k e . Only one a c c u m u l a t o r can be o p e r a t e d a t a t i m e with t h e
second f o r standby u s e in t h e event of a malfunction. A m a n u a l backup
m o d e of a c c u m u l a t o r o p e r a t i o n is a l s o i n c o r p o r a t e d . Following t h e d i s -
c h a r g e of suit c i r c u i t g a s e s f r o m the suit h e a t e x c h a n g e r , t h e n o r m a l flow
i s t o t h e t h r e e suit h o s e c o n n e c t o r a s s e m b l i e s . A suit flow r e l i e f valve i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d in the b y p a s s line between t h e o u t l e t of t h e suit h e a t e x c h a n g e r
and t h e inlet to t h e suit c o m p r e s s o r . T h e valve opens a t a A P of 5. O*O. 2
in. H20 and a u t o m a t i c a l l y m a i n t a i n s a n e a r l y c o n s t a n t flow in the event
of suit c i r c u i t flow r e s i s t a n c e fluctuations.
2. 7. 3 . 2 . 1 C 0 2 Sensor.
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e b a s i c p u r p o s e of t h e e l e c t r o n i c s s e c t i o n is to d e t e c t and t r a n s -
f o r m s i g n a l i n f o r m a t i o n . M i n i a t u r i z e d c o m p o n e n t s a r e mounted on s e v e n
p r i n t e d c i r c u i t b o a r d s , which a c c o m p l i s h a l l t h e e l e c t r i c a l functions.
T h e s e functions include supplying t h e p o w e r f o r t h e i n f r a r e d s o u r c e l a m p
and t h e o p e r a t i o n of the tuning f o r k , t h e d e t e c t o r , and the v a r i o u s p r e a m -
p l i f i e r s and a m p l i f i e r s . T h e output s i g n a l a c t i v a t e s t h e C 0 2 PP HI s y s t e m s
s t a t u s light (MDC-11) and the C 0 2 P A R T PRESS i n d i c a t o r (MDC-13).
2. 7. 3. 2 . 2 Gas Chromatograph.
T h e g a s c h r o m a t o g r a p h is a n i t e m of G F E t h a t is i n s t a l l e d in s e v e r a l
of t h e Apollo Block I s p a c e c r a f t f o r flight qualification p u r p o s e s . T h e unit
is c a p a b l e of identifying and m e a s u r i n g the c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of 2 8 g a s c o m p o -
n e n t s , and t h e r e s u l t i n g d a t a i s then t e l e m e t e r e d to MSFN. T h i s c o m p a c t
i t e m of e q u i p m e n t i s i n s t a l l e d in the L E B , and it i n t e r f a c e s t h e inlet and
outlet m a n i f o l d s of t h e suit c i r c u i t in t h e LHEB.
The g a s c h r o m a t o g r a p h o p e r a t e s on t h e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e of routing
s a m p l e s of t h e suit c i r c u i t a n d f o r c a b i n a t m o s p h e r e t h r o u g h t h r e e s e p a r a t e
c a p i l l a r y c o l u m n s and d e t e c t o r s . L o w - p r e s s u r e h e l i u m is u s e d a s t h e
c a r r i e r g a s f o r t h e s a m p l e s t r e a m s . T h e helium supply, even u n d e r
continuous d e m a n d , will l a s t t h e length of any p r o p o s e d m i s s i o n . The
helium is s t o r e d o i n a r e s e r v o i r a t 6000 p s i g and is r e g u l a t e d to i t s n o r m a l
working p r e s s u r e of 42 p s i a . In t h e event of r e g u l a t o r malfunction, p r e s -
s u r e r e l i e f is*p r o v i d e d by a 200-psig r u p t u r e d i s c . E a c h c a p i l l a r y c o l u m n
and d e t e c t o r i d e n t i f i e s a s p e c i f i c n u m b e r of g a s c o m p o n e n t s . One c o l u m n -
d e t e c t o r w i l l identify five of the p e r m a n e n t g a s e s ; n a m e l y , h y d r o g e n , n i t r o -
gen, oxygen, m e t h a n e , and c a r b o n monoxide. Another i s c o n c e r n e d only
with t h e s e p a r a t i o n a n d d e t e c t i o n of a m m o n i a , c a r b o n dioxide, and w a t e r .
T h e t h i r d c o l u m n - d e t e c t o r i d e n t i f i e s 20 t r a c e c o n t a m i n a n t s l i s t e d a s
follows: F r e o n 11, m e t h y l a l c o h o l , m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e , e t h y l a l c o h o l ,
b e n z e n e , ?-dioxane, a c e t o n e , h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d , hydrogen sulfide, ethylene
oxide, i s o p r e n e , diethyl sulphide, n i t r o g e n dioxide, ethylene glycol, v i n y l i -
dene c h l o r i d e , m e t h y l c h l o r o f o r m , a c e t y l e n e , d i m e t h y l sulfide, F r e o n 114,
and 1, 1 t r i c h l o r o e t h a n e .
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e g a s c h r o m a t o g r a p h is s e r v i c e d a n d i n s t a l l e d by ground s u p p o r t
p e r s o n n e l p r i o r to flight c r e w i n g r e s s .
The p r e s s u r i z a t i o n a n d t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l of the C / M c a b i n a r e
p r i m a r i l y a u t o m a t i c functions with m a n u a l backup and o v e r r i d e m o d e s
provided. Cabin p r e s s u r i z a t i o n is m a i n t a i n e d by t h e cabin p r e s s u r e r e g u -
l a t o r as.sembly ( f i g u r e 2 . 7 - 3 ) . T h i s unit c o n s i s t s of dual r e g u l a t o r s and a
m a n u a l r e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n v a l v e o p e r a t e d by a k n u r l e d knob. Both r e g u l a t o r s
o p e r a t e s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a s t h e r e i s no s e l e c t o r valve i n c o r p o r a t e d and no
off position. T h e r e g u l a t o r s a u t o m a t i c a l l y m a i n t a i n t h e c a b i n at 5 i O . 2 p s i a
d u r i n g n o r m a l conditions a n d a t a m a x i m u m oxygen flow r a t e of 1. 3 pounds
p e r hour. If t h e c a b i n should become d e p r e s s u r i z e d for any r e a s o n , the
r e g u l a t o r s c l o s e a t a p r e s s u r e of 3. 5 p s i a t o c o n s e r v e oxygen. T h e m a n u a l
valve, with a m a x i m u m flow r a t e of 7 . 2 pounds p e r h o u r , m a y be adjusted
t o m a i n t a i n c a b i n p r e s s u r e in event of r e g u l a t o r malfunction. However, i t
i s p r i m a r i l y u s e d t o r e p r e s s u r i z e the c a b i n following d e c o m p r e s s i o n ,
r e q u i r i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 h o u r t o r a i s e t h e c a b i n p r e s s u r e back to 5. OkO. 2
psia.
An e m e r g e n c y c a b i n p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r a s s e m b l y ( f i g u r e 2. 7 - 4 ) will
flood the cabin with oxygen t o p r e v e n t r a p i d d e c o m p r e s s i o n in the event of
cabin wall puncture. A s cabin d e c o m p r e s s i o n is h a z a r d o u s to life only when
a c r e w m a n is in the s h i r t s l e e v e mode, the r e g u l a t o r s a r e not s e l e c t e d f o r
u s e until j u s t p r i o r t o a c r e w m a n removing h i s %A. The r e g u l a t o r
ENVIRONMENTAL C O N T R O L SYSTEM
--
SYSTEMS DATA
-ANEROID
ECS-24A (3)
Figure 2. 7-3. Cabin P r e s s u r e Regulator
-
SYSTEMS DATA
SUPPLY PRESSURE I M € l
4
F i g u r e 2. 7 - 4 . E m e r g e n c y Inflow Regulator
E
U F R U N I I A L MCRIlNG VALW
ECS-3bB (
3 1
F i g u r e 2 . 7-5. Cabin P r e s s u r e Relief Valve
--
SYSTEMS DATA
The w a t e r - g l y c o l ( W / G ) e v a p o r a t o r outlet t e m p e r a t u r e m u s t be m a i n -
tained between 4 0 " a n d 4 3 ° F (nominal 4 1 . 5 " F ) . S e n s e d a t t h e W/G
e v a p o r a t o r inlet f r o m the s p a c e r a d i a t o r s W/G t e m p e r a t u r e s between 4 2 . 9 "
and 4 5 . 9 " F (nominal 4 5 ° F ) a c t i v a t e s t h e a u t o m a t i c mixing valve c o n t r o l
s y s t e m ( f i g u r e 2. 7-6). H i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e W/G f r o m the w a t e r - g l y c o l pump
is m i x e d with t h e l o w e r W/G t e m p e r a t u r e f r o m the s p a c e r a d i a t o r s t o m a i n -
tain t h e e v a p o r a t o r outlet n o m i n a l t e m p e r a t u r e of 41.. 5 ° F . The m a n u a l
o v e r r i d e f o r the mixing valve is l o c a t e d on t h e coolant c o n t r o l panel 311
(GLYCOL E V A P T E M P I N ) a n d a switch l o c a t e d on p a n e l 13 allows s e l e c -
tion of AUTO o r MAN o p e r a t i o n .
T h r e e l i n e s f r o m the w a t e r - g l y c o l pump a s s e m b l y a r e p a r a l l e l e d t o
the w a t e r - g l y c o l e v a p o r a t o r inlet. The a f o r e m e n t i o n e d oxygen supply
c a p i l l a r y r e s t r i c t o r s a r e wound a r o u n d the line routed t o the s p a c e r a d i a t o r s
and relief valves. The o t h e r line is routed t o t h e mixing valve. To i n s u r e
p r o p e r o p e r a t i o n of t h e oxygen supply r e s t r i c t o r s , in the l i n e between the
c r y o g e n i c 0 2 s t o r a g e in the S / M t o the s u r g e tanks in the C / M during cabin
r e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n , full w a t e r - g l y c o l flow through the line to the s p a c e
r a d i a t o r s is r e q u i r e d . Sufficient heat m u s t be available to p r e v e n t c r y o -
genic oxygen e n t e r i n g t h e C / M oxygen s y s t e m a n d p r e c l u d e the possibility of
f r e e z i n g the water-glycol. To a c h i e v e t h i s , the mixing valve m u s t be
manually placed t o the full c l o s e d position 15 to 30 m i n u t e s before r e p r e s -
s u r i z a t i o n a n d r e m a i n c l o s e d until t h e s u r g e tank r e t u r n s to m a x i m u m
p r e s s u r e a f t e r r e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n of the C / M .
SYSTEMS DATA
m
i i I 3
0
V
h
4
(3
I
z
0
-
SYSTEMS DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
~~
40 41. 62 71 54.63
41 42. 1 3 72 54.96
42 42.65 73 55.28
43 43. 1 5 74 55.60
44 43.65 75 55.9 1
45 44. 1 4 76 56.21
46 44.63 77 56.51
47 45.11 78 56.80
48 45.58 79 57.08
49 46. 04 80 57.37
50 46. 50 81 57.66
51 46.95 82 57.93
52 47.39 83 58.19
53 47.82 84 58.46
54 48.25 85 58. 71
55 48.67 86 58.96
56 49. 08 a7 59.2 1
57 49.49 88 59.46
58 49. 89 89 59. 71
59 50. 30 90 59.94
60 50. 39 91 60.17
61 51.07 92 60.40
62 51. 45 93 60.63
63 51.83 94 60.85
64 52.20 95 61.06
65 52. 56 96 61.28
66 52. 92 97 61.49
67 53.27 98 61.69
68 53.62 99 61.90
69 53.96 100 62. 10
70 54. 30
F i g u r e 2. 7-7. W a t e r Flow C o n t r o l C h a r t
h e a t e x c h a n g e r and t h e n t h r o u g h t h e t h e r m a l c o l d p l a t e s . In t h e c a b i n full
h e a t i n g m o d e , t h e t o t a l flow is r o u t e d t h r o u g h t h e t h e r m a l c o l d p l a t e s first,
w h e r e t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l a b s o r b s h e a t , and f r o m t h e r e flows t h r o u g h t h e
cabin heat exchanger, The intermediate valve positions a r e f o r the partial
cooling o r p a r t i a l h e a t i n g m o d e s . In t h e i n t e r m e d i a t e p o s i t i o n s , t h e quan-
t i t y of c o o l o r w a r m w a t e r - g l y c o l flowing t h r o u g h t h e heat e x c h a n g e r is
r e d u c e d i n p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e d e m a n d f o r cooling o r heating. Although t h e
a m o u n t of w a t e r - g l y c o l flowing t h r o u g h t h e c a b i n h e a t e x c h a n g e r will v a r y ,
t h e t o t a l flow t h r o u g h the t h e r m a l c o l d p l a t e s w i l l a l w a y s be 200 pounds p e r
h o u r . ( S e e f i g u r e , 2, 7-8. ) An o r i f i c e r e s t r i c t o r i s i n s t a l l e d between t h e
c a b i n t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l v a l v e a n d t h e i n l e t t o t h e c o l d p l a t e s . Its p u r p o s e
is t o m a i n t a i n a c o n s t a n t flow r a t e t h r o u g h t h e c o l d p l a t e s by r e d u c i n g t h e .__--
~ ~ ~ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
F":
Water-Glycol
Evclpomtor 4 ' IMU
40" to 50.5OF
WARN
COLDPLATE
BRANCH
j- -- - -
NO. 2 I
I AUDIO
CENTER -
-
I CENTRAL
I - AGC 7
TIMING
- --
I - DATA
STORAGE
I POWER 4
I SERVO
ASSY = PMP
I I'
DISPLAY
AGAA -
- -
- PCM
--
To:
Cobin I
YAW NO.l
I 1 ECA
KM
Control
Volve
I N0.2 4
I -
USBE
-
I INV INV INV
UDL
I
I -
- ROLL
ECA --
I
I
AUX
ECA --
PITCH
ECA
F i g u r e 2. 7-8. E q u i p m e n t Coldplate F l o w D i a g r a m
T h e p u r p o s e of t h e a c c u m u l a t o r is t o m a i n t a i n c o r r e c t pump inlet
p r e s s u r e and to c o m p e n s a t e f o r s m a l l a m o u n t s of l e a k a g e a n d / o r t h e r m a l
e x p a n s i o n / c o n t r a c t i o n . The m a n u a l shutoff valve in t h e s i d e p a s s a g e is
c l o s e d to i s o l a t e t h e a c c u m u l a t o r in c a s e of a p u n c t u r e d bellows, which
would p e r m i t t h e coolant t o l e a k into t h e c a b i n , c a u s i n g contamination. If
t h e w a t e r -glycol a c c u m u l a t o r quantity i n d i c a t o r on the m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e
shows a s t e a d y d e c a y to z e r o , a l e a k i n t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l s y s t e m is t h e
p r o b a b l e c a u s e . However, a n indication showing a slow s t e a d y d e c r e a s e ,
which s t o p s a t a point above z e r o , is p r o b a b l y due to t h e r m a l c o n t r a c t i o n
indicating t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l t e m p e r a t u r e is below t h e n o m i n a l r a n g e .
L o c a t e d d o w n s t r e a m of the pump a s s e m b l y is t h e w a t e r - g l y c o l pump outlet
p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r which m e a s u r e s t h e s t a t i c p r e s s u r e of t h e w a t e r -glycol
a t the pump outlet, t h u s giving a n indication of pump p e r f o r m a n c e .
-- SYSTEMS DATA
The w a t e r - g l y c o l , a f t e r leaving t h e s p a c e r a d i a t o r s a n d r e - e n t e r i n g
t h e C / M , flows through a c a p i l l a r y r e s t r i c t o r . T h i s is placed in the line to
m a k e t h e p r e s s u r e d r o p through - t h e r a d i a t o r s c o m p a t i b l e with t h a t through
t h e w a t e r -glycol t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l v a l v e during ‘the mixing mode. Upon
leaving t h e r e s t r i c t o r , the w a t e r - g l y c o l flows t h r o u g h two c h e c k v a l v e s in
s e r i e s . T h e s e v a l v e s p r e v e n t coolant f r o m flowing o v e r b o a r d following
CSM s e p a r a t i o n , A t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r , l o c a t e d between t h e s e c h e c k
v a l v e s , g i v e s a n indication on the m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e of t h e t e m p e r a t u r e
of the coolant leaving t h e r a d i a t o r s . The i n d i c a t o r is l o c a t e d on MDC- 13.
SYSTEMS DATA
t h e r e s e r v o i r t o t h e inlet s i d e of t h e pump, is u s e d f o r t h i s p u r p o s e . A s
t h e r e s e r v o i r c o n t a i n s a b l a d d e r t h a t is u n d e r 20*2 psig oxygen p r e s s u r e ,
p o s i t i v e expulsion of the coolant is a s s u r e d . The p r e s s u r i z e d r e s e r v o i r
m a y a l s o s e r v e a s an a c c u m u l a t o r f o r t h e coolant s u b s y s t e m , i f t h e r e g u l a r
w a t e r - g l y c o l a c c u m u l a t o r b e c o m e s i n o p e r a t i v e and is i s o l a t e d . The flow of
w a t e r - g l y c o l , e i t h e r through t h e r e s e r v o i r o r bypassing it, next e n t e r s t h e
w a t e r -glycol e v a p o r a t o r ( p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d ) , thus c o m p l e t i n g t h e coolant
loop.
During p r e l a u n c h o p e r a t i o n s , t h e flow of t e m p e r a t u r e - c o n t r o l l e d
w a t e r - g l y c o l is f u r n i s h e d by GSE through l i n e s connected t o the f i l l and vent
couplings in the S / M . The s o l e n o i d - o p e r a t e d w a t e r -glycol shutoff v a l v e ,
u p s t r e a m of t h e o u t l e t coupling, is c o n t r o l l e d a t the GSE and is opened t o
p e r m i t coolant flow t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e c r a f t loop and back to t h e GSE.
2. 7.3.5 W a t e r Supply S u b s y s t e m .
T e m p e r a t u r e - c o n t r o l l e d potable w a t e r i s a v a i l a b l e to t h e c r e w f r o m
two c o m p o n e n t s within t h e C / M . Cold w a t e r , which is m a i n t a i n e d to 5 0 ° F
( a t t h e w a t e r c h i l l e r ) , i s a v a i l a b l e a t both t h e food p r e p a r a t i o n w a t e r supply
u n i t a n d t h e w a t e r d e l i v e r y unit. Hot w a t e r , h o w e v e r , i s a v a i l a b l e only a t
t h e food p r e p a r a t i o n w a t e r supply unit. T h i s component u t i l i z e s a s m a l l
tank with a n e l e c t r i c h e a t e r to r a i s e t h e w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e t o 154"*4"F.
By s e l e c t i n g t h e , p r o p e r v a l v e , hot o r cold w a t e r i s m e t e r e d out f o r food
r e c o n s t i t u t i o n o r o t h e r c r e w n e e d s . T h e w a t e r d e l i v e r y unit is u s e d by the
E N V I R O N M E N T A L CONTROL SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
To provide sufficient w a t e r f o r a m a x i m u m d u r a t i o n e a r t h o r b i t a l
m i s s i o n , two 56-pound w a t e r t a n k s a r e i n s t a l l e d i n the S/M. T h e s e tanks
a r e s i m i l a r t o the C / M w a s t e w a t e r tank but l a c k the quantity m e a s u r i n g
capability. A s e p a r a t e tank p r e s s u r i z i n g s y s t e m is u s e d for positive
expulsion of the w a t e r . Nitrogen a t 9 0 0 psig is s t o r e d in a s m a l l tank that
is p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t o v e r p r e s s u r e by a relief valve s e t a t 1045*25 psig. In
~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ ~
SYSTEMS DATA
a d d i t i o n t o a n i t r o g e n f i l l v a l v e , t h e r e is a p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r and r e l i e f
v a l v e t o r e d u c e and r e g u l a t e n i t r o g e n p r e s s u r e in the w a t e r t a n k s . T h e s e
t a n k s a r e p r e s s u r i z e d a t 40*2 p s i g , and t h e r e l i e f valve will function a t
44 t o 48 psig.
2. 7 . 3 . 6 E C S - W a s t e Management S y s t e m I n t e r f a c e .
T h e fu?ction of c o n t r o l l i n g a n d / o r d i s p o s i n g of w a s t e s o l i d s , liquids,
and g a s e s is a c c o m p l i s h e d by t h e WMS. Except for t h e f e c a l c a n i s t e r and
o t h e r i t e m s of stowed e q u i p m e n t , t h e m a j o r p o r t i o n of t h e s y s t e m is l o c a t e d
i n t h e RHEB. The WMS is b a s i c a l l y divided into t h e u r i n e l f e c a l and the
vacuum c l e a n e r s u b s y s t e m s . S e v e r a l components t h a t are no l o n g e r
functional have not been r e m o v e d f r o m t h e WMS, as shown in f i g u r e 2. 7 - 9 .
T h i s is due t o r e c e n t m o d i f i c a t i o n s t h a t would not p e r m i t t h e i r r e m o v a l
b e c a u s e of s c h e d u l e i m p a c t .
The c o m p o n e n t s f o r t h e u r i n e p o r t i o n of t h e u r i n e / f e c a l s u b s y s t e m
c o n s i s t of a s e p a r a t e u r i n e s a m p l e v o l u m e m e a s u r i n g s y s t e m unit (USVMS)
f o r e a c h c r e w m e m b e r . ( R e f e r t o s e c t i o n 5 . ) The unit is u s e d f o r e a c h
u r i n a t i o n in o r d e r to p r o v i d e a u r i n e s a m p l e , with the r e m a i n d e r of the
c o n t e n t s being dumped o v e r b o a r d in t h e following m a n n e r . The USVMS is
f i r s t a t t a c h e d by q u i c k - d i s c o n n e c t t o a n i n l i n e f i l t e r , which r e m a i n s
a t t a c h e d (by q u i c k - d i s c o n n e c t ) to t h e w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t d u m p line. The
USVMS v a l v e is s e t t o t h e DUMP p o s i t i o n , followed by s e t t i n g t h e WASTE
MANAGEMENT-SELECTOR v a l v e on RHEB-201 to URINE F E C E S and t h e
a d j a c e n t O V B D DRAIN v a l v e t o DUMP. A 5 - p s i d i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e ,
p r o v i d e d by t h e valve s e t t i n g s , w i l l e m p t y the c o n t e n t s of t h e collection bag
o v e r b o a r d t h r o u g h the u r i n e f w a t e r d u m p line. Should a USVMS unit f a i l ,
d i r e c t o v e r b o a r d u r i n a t i o n m a y be a c c o m p l i s h e d by u s i n g t h e u r i n e
~ ______ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~ ~ _______~
SYSTEMS DATA
URINENATER
DUMP NOZZLE
A N D HEATER
SYSTEMS DATA
F o r t h e f e c a l p o r t i o n of t h e u r i n e l f e c a l s u b s y s t e m , c o m p o n e n t s c o n -
s i s t only of t h e f e c a l c a n i s t e r and h o s e a s s e m b l y . N o r m a l l y stowed out of
t h e way, t h e c a n i s t e r is s e c u r e d t o t h e c e n t e r C 0 2 - o d o r a b s o r b e r f i l t e r
s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r a t t h e LEB. T h e . h o s e is then a t t a c h e d by quick-
d i s c o n n e c t t o t h e f i l t e r on t h e w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t d u m p line. The WASTE
MANAGEMENT-SELECTOR valve is s e t t o URINE F E C E S and the OVBD
DRAIN v a l v e is s e t to DUMP. D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e of 5 p s i is t h u s c r e a t e d ,
routing t h e o d o r s o v e r b o a r d t h r o u g h the u r i n e l w a t e r d u m p line.
The v a c u u m c l e a n e r s u b s y s t e m is m a d e up of t h e vacuum a s s e m b l y
and a n 8-foot flex h o s e , which a r e stowed in the vacuum stowage c o m p a r t -
m e n t . After r e m o v i n g t h e vacuum c l e a n e r f r o m t h e s t o r a g e c o m p a r t m e n t ,
i t is p l a c e d i n o p e r a t i o n by s e t t i n g t h e WASTE MANAGEMENT-SELECTOR
v a l v e t o VACUUM CLEANER. T h i s s i n g l e a c t i o n a c t i v a t e s t h e WMS blower
and opens t h e v a l v e p o r t that c o n n e c t s t h e vacuum c l e a n e r l i n e to t h e blower.
T h e WMS blower p r o v i d e s a g a s flow of 5 cfm a t a A P of - 4 . 9 i n c h e s H 2 0 to
e f f e c t i v e l y r q m o v e d e b r i s , e i t h e r s o l i d o r liquid. A p o r o u s bag, i n s e r t e d
into t h e vacuum a s s e m b l y , t r a p s the d e b r i s while t h e g a s e s a r e exhausted
into t h e C / M cabin.
2. 7. 3. 7 E l e c t r i c a l Pow e r Distribution.
T h e t y p e s of e l e c t r i c a l power r e q u i r e d f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n of t h e ECS
a r e 28 v o l t s dc and 1 1 5 / 2 0 0 - v o l t s 4 0 0 - c y c l e s 3-phase a c . (See f i g u r e
2 . 7 - 1 0 . ) The l a r g e r m o t o r s of t h e s y s t e m utilize 200-volt 3 - p h a s e p o w e r ,
w h e r e a s t h e s m a l l e r m o t o r s and c o n t r o l c i r c u i t s o p e r a t e f r o m a single
p h a s e of t h e a c a t 115 v o l t s . E x c e p t f o r t h e postlanding ventilation s y s t e m ,
t h o s e c o m p o n e n t s using 2 8 v o l t s dc w i l l r e c e i v e power f r o m the fuel c e l l s
b e f o r e CSM s e p a r a t i o n and f r o m b a t t e r i e s a f t e r s e p a r a t i o n . The postland-
ing v e n t i l a t i o n s y s t e m will o p e r a t e f r o m b a t t e r i e s , exclusively.
____ ~ _ _ _ _
. WASTE WATER
I
HEATER-FOOD
QUANTITY PRESSURE PRE PA RA 1 IO N H 2 0 SHUTOFF
TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCERS TRANSDUCERS -
VALVE TANK 1
7-
'r' INSTRUMEMATION
POWER C O M R O L
ESSEMIAL -2
-
(WEB-5)
TRANSDUCERS
POWER SUPPLY UNIT N O . 1 UNIT N 0 . 2
FTI"S-1
FAIL SEMOR
. .. . . . . . -
...
I . * . . "
STEAM PRESSURE
H 0 SHUTOFF EVAP WATER CONTROL
-
VmVE TANK 2 CONTROL VALVE
T I I I
HEATEP-FOOD
PRE PA F A T IO N
ANSDUCERS
fSS.
POSTUNDING
VENT FAN-
PL BUS-FLOAT BaG 2
INSTRUMENTS
IESS-MN B 1 HTeMN A
(RHEB-5)
HTRS-MN 8
(RHEB-5)
(MDC-25)
db5A
IMTRJMENTATlON
POWER CONTROL -
iy HIGH
POSTUNDING
VENT FAN
ESSENTIAL -2
(RHE8-6)
SUIT EVAP
DIVERTERVALVl
CONTROL U N l l
r i SUIT EVAP
L I
PLV FAN
1 I L
CHROMA TOGRAPH
UNIT
'A PRESSURE
IOL SECTION
I 1
1 I-I L
ECS-
ECS-
CABIN
AIR FAN-
<.a AC 2-
mJ
ECS-
6.
GLKOL
PU*
AC 2-
SUIT
MDC
-h
AUTO MAN
0,
VALVES (2)
SUIT N A P
DIVERTER VALVE
CONTROL UNIT
DIVERTER
VALVE
S T E A M m€ss
C O M R O L UNIT
STEAM PRESS
VALVE
SUIT
NAP
WETNESS
CONTROL UNIT
WATER I N F L W
CONTROL VALVE
WATER-GLYCOL
TEMP CONTROL
WATER-GLYCOL
TEMP CONTROL
Miss ion i
SMZA -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
CABIN AIR
FAN- 1
(MDC-21)
:F
CABIN TEMP
CONTROL
AUTOA
P
MAN
(MDC-13)
OFF 6 11A
ECS
RADIATOR-
1-A
T RADIATC
2-A (MD 2- 1)
(MDC-21) (MDC-2 I ) (MDC-21)
- 1
I 1
I
, ECS- ECS-
RAD VALVE-
I ECS-
RAD VALVE-
AC I A AC 21)
ECS- ECS- ECS-
ECS- ECS-
CABIN UBIN CABIN
RAD VALVE- RAD VALVE-
AIR FAN-
AC 2-
AIR FAN-
AC 2-
AIR FAN-
AC 2-
4 AC I B AC 2A
uc (0C)
P
#A
A .( A .( A A
” r AC BUI
GLYCOL GLYCOL
PUMPS- WMPS-
AC 1- AC 1-
ECS- ECS- ECS-
GLKOL GLYCOL GLYCOL
J
u PUMPS- PUMPS- PUMPS-
AC 2- AC 2- AC 2-
I
#A UB uc
u 2A
PUMP ’UMP
I 2
1
4 c I
-0L WATER-GLYCOL
PUMP
- N0.2
SM24-709G
ENVIRONMENTAL C O N T R O L SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
P r e s s u r i z e d Cabin D e p r e s s u r i z e d Cabin
Par am e t e r ( N o rm a l ) (Emergency)
T o t a l m e t a b o l i c load
BTU p e r m a n / d a y 11,200 12,000
Water production
lb p e r man/day 4.0 9.8
C 0 2 production
lb per man/day 2.12 2.27
0 2 , consumption
lb p e r manfday 1.84 1.97
W a t e r consumption
lb p e r man/day 6.6 12.4
U r i n e production
lb p e r m a n / d a y 2.6 2.6
.-
SYSTEMS DATA
P e r f o r m a n c e and d e s i g n d a t a f o r the p r e s s u r e s u i t c i r c u i t s u b s y s t e m
a r e a s follows:
e D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e ( C / M cabin-to-aft section)
N o r m a l a s c e n t : 7.0 p s i g max.
A b o r t a s c e n t : 8.6 p s i g max.
0 Automatic t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l (flight): 70" t o 80°F
0 2 r e q u i r e d f o r cabin r e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n , 0 to 5 p s i g a t 7 0 ° F : 9. 1 lb
2.7.4.5 W a t e r -Glycol Coolant Subsystem.
ENVIRONMENTAL C O N T R O L SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
0 P u m p flow: 200 lb p e r h r
0 Pump pressure
Inlet: 7.5*1.5 p s i g
Outlet (flight): 3 8 ( t 8 , -12) p s i a
0 Automatic t e m p e r a t u r e control: 4 0 " to 50. 5 ° F
P e r f o r m a n c e and d e s i g n data f o r t h e w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m i s
a s follows:
SYSTEMS DATA
-
No, Watts p e r Unit T o t a l Watts
Subsystem of
a n d Component Control JnitE AC DC AC DC
OXYGEN S U P P L Y
0 2 flow t r a n s d u c e r ECS-TRANSDUCER- 1 2.4 2.4
P R E S S GROUPS-2
c b (2)
0 2 press transducer E C S - T RANS DUCER- 1 0.8 0.8
P R E S S GROUPS-2
c b (2)
PRESSURE SUIT
CIRCUIT
Suit c o m p r e s s o r SUIT C 0M P R E SS 0RS 2 85.0 t 85.0
sw 170.0
A P sensor E C S - TRANSDUCER- 1 1.28 1.28
P R E S S GROUPS- 1
cb (2)
C02 sensor ECS - TRANSDUCER- 1 1.0 1.0
P R E S S GROUPS - 2
cb (2)
D i v e r t e r valve SUIT E V A P s w 1 2.5 2.5 - ..
c o n t r o l unit
D i v e r t e r control valve SUIT E V A P s w 1 :7.2 :7.2
Steam p r e s s c o n t r o l SUI? E V A P s w 1 2.5 2. 5
unit
* I n t e r m i t t e n t o p e r a t i n g componehts
t O n l y one component o p e r a t e s a t a t i m e
--
SYSTEMS DATA
-
No. W a t t s p e r Unit Total W a t t s
Subsystem of
a n d Component Control Jnitz AC DC AC DC
-
Suit p r e s s t r a n s d u c e r ECS-TRANSDUCER- 1 0. 8 0.8
PRESS GROUPS- 1
cb (2)
Cabin p r e s s ECS-TRANSDUCER- 1 0. 8 0. 8
transducer PRESS GROUPS - 2
cb ( 2 )
P u m p outlet p r e s s ECS-TRANSDUCER- 1 0. 8 0. 8
t r an sdu c e r PRESS GROUPS- 1
cb ( 2 )
‘::Intermittent o p e r a t i n g c o m p o n e n t s
+Only one component operates at a time
SYSTEMS DATA
-
No. Watts p e r Unit T o t a l Watts
Subsystem of
a n d Component Control Unit$ AC DC AC DC
-- ~~
---
SYSTEMS DATA
MISCELLANEOUS
:?'Inte1' m i t t e n t o p e r a t i n g components
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~
~ _ _~
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 7. 5 . 3 ECS G e n e r a l Data.
S e v e r a l E C S c o n t r o l s a r e i n a c c e s s i b l e d u r i n g the m i s s i o n . T h o s e
affected a r e l o c a t e d behind the two r e m o v a b l e Y - a x i s a t t e n u a t o r p a n e l s in the
LHEB. They include a l l c o n t r o l s mounted o n LHEB-311, t h e s u i t c i r c u i t
r e t u r n a i r m a n u a l valve, and t h e d i v e r t e r v a l v e handle f o r t h e C 0 2 - o d o r
a b s o r b e r c a n i s t e r s . The a t t e n u a t o r p a n e l s a r e i n p l a c e d u r i n g the e n t i r e
m i s s i o n , but a r e r e m o v e d to gain a c c e s s to t h e s e ECS c o n t r o l s , and t h e n
i m m e d i a t e l y r e i n s t a l l e d . They p r o v i d e a n a d e q u a t e b e a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r the
Y - a x i s a t t e n u a t o r shock s t r u t pad f o r t h e landing i m p a c t .
R a d i a t o r h e a t r e j e c t i o n (as f r e e z i n g ) i s a function of r a d i a t o r i n l e t
t e m p e r a t u r & and r a d i a t o r o r i e n t a t i o n . T h u s , if the r a d i a t o r i n l e t t e m p e r a t u r e
d e c r e a s e s to 7 5 " F , t h e S / C m u s t be p l a c e d i n a 2 t o 5 R P H ( 0 . 2 to 0. 5 d e g r e e
p e r s e c o d d ) r o l l rate. During t h i s t i m e r a d i a t o r i n l e t t e m p e r a t u r e m u s t not
d e c r e a s e below 7 0 " F , o r t h e individual r a d i a t o r o u t l e t t e m p e r a t u r e below
30 O F .
The t i m e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e C / M cabin to b e c o m e d e p r e s s u r i z e d i s c o n -
t i n g e n t upon how p r e s s u r e is r e l e a s e d . If t h e c a b i n is intentionally d u m p e d ,
the t i m e i t t a k e s t o r e a c h z e r o p r e s s u r e will be a s shown in f i g u r e 2 . 7 - 11,
s h e e t 1 of 2 . H o w e v e r , if the p r e s s u r e i s l o s t a s t h e r e s u l t of m e t e o r o i d
p u n c t u r e s , the t i m e w i l l v a r y a c c o r d i n g to the s i z e and n u m b e r of h o l e s .
F i g u r e 2 . 7-11, s h e e t 2 of 2 , only r e f l e c t s flow r a t e d a t a f o r m e t e o r o i d h o l e s
t h a t do n o t e x c e e d a t o t a l e q u i v a l e n t a r e a of 0. 5 in. i n d i a m e t e r . The s a m e
c h a r t a l s o a p p l i e s to t h e flow r a t e of o n e c a b i n p r e s s u r e r e l i e f valve t h a t h a s
f a i l e d open while i n the NORMAL position.
2. 7. 5 . 5 Cabin R e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n R a t e s .
SYSTEMS DATA
-
-
CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION 5 TO 0 PSlA
INTENTIONAL DUMP TIME 6 MI N, 1 1 SEC
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
I .5
1 .o
0.5
TIME - MINUTES
SM-2A-890
--
SYSTEMS DATA
-
CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION 5 TO 0 PSlA
-
UNINTENTIONAL DUMP TIME 45 MIN, 40 SEC*
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1 .o
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
TIME - MINUTES
SM-2A-888
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL S Y S T E M
SYSTEMS DATA
-
MINIMUMTIME 52 MIN, 22 SEC
-
CABIN REPRESSURIZATION 0 TO 5 PSIA+
---
TIME -MINUTES
SM-2A-089A
. .
SYSTEMS DATA
-
-
CABIN REPRESSURIZATION 0 TO 5 PSlAY
NORMAL TIME 74 MIN, 25 SEC
TIME - MINUTES
SYSTEMS DATA
2.7.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
T h e following i s a c o m p l e t e l i s t of a l l ECS t e l e m e t r y d a t a t h a t i s m o n i -
t o r e d by flight c o n t r o l l e r s and g r o u n d s u p p o r t p e r s o n n e l . T h e l a s t c o l u m n
c o n t a i n s t h e n a m e and type of S I C c r e w d i s p l a y . The d i s p l a y u t i l i z e s t h e
s a m e pickoff o r s i g n a l s o u r c e a s t e l e m e t r y , u n l e s s a s e p a r a t e m e a s u r e m e n t
n u m b e r is included in the d i s p l a y column.
Normal
Measurement Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
SYSTEMS DATA
Normal
Measurement Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range C r e w Display
...-
SYSTEMS DATA
Normal
Measurement Sensor Operating
Number Description Range Range Crew Display
~ ~~
ENVIRONMENTAL C O N T R O L SYSTFM
.*; ..
Mission B a s i c Date 12 N o v 1966 Change Date Page 2-7-46
SfM I C/M
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SIM OM
OVERBOARD
I
, ,.. ..
. ... . . #
...
-
. . - .. c
~
Mission
SMZA -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
-m
- SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 8
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2 . 8. 1 INTRODUCTION.
The t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n ( T / C ) s y s t e m i n c l u d e s the s p a c e c r a f t ( S / C )
c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and d a t a equipment r e q u i r e d f o r v o i c e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s ;
a c q u i s i t i o n , p r o c e s s i n g , s t o r a g e and t r a n s m i s s i o n of o p e r a t i o n a l and flight
qualification t e le m e t r y (TLM), t e l evi s ion (TV ), a n d bi omed i c a1 d a t a ; r e c e p -
tion of u p - d a t a ; and t r a n s m i s s i o n of a p p r o p r i a t e t r a c k i n g and ranging s i g n a l s .
At l e a s t p a r t of the T / C s y s t e m w i l l be i n o p e r a t i o n d u r i n g all p h a s e s of the
mission-from p r e l a u n c h through r e c o v e r y . The following l i s t s u m m a r i z e s
T / C c a p a b i l i t i e s a s utilized on SC-012.
0 S / C i n t e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n s between c r e w m a n
0 T r a n s m i s s i o n of r e a l - t i m e o r s t o r e d T L M d a t a
0 T r a n s m i s s i o n of C-band t r a c k i n g p u l s e s in r e s p o n s e t o r e c e i v e d
r a d a r signals
0 L i m i t e d c a p a b i l i t i e s , f o r S - b a n d o p e r a t i o n , including t r a n s m i s s i o n
of voice and T L M d a t a p l u s TV, s t o r e d analog, o r p s e u d o - r a n d o m
noise ( P R N ) , ranging c o d e s , and r e c e p t i o n of voice and up-data
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8 . 2. 1. 1 Gene r a1 .
All S / C voice, communications (figure 2 . 8 - 1)originate and t e r m i n a t e
in the c r e w m e n ' s p e r s o n a l communication a s s e m b l i e s (headsets). Each
c r e w m a n h a s two h e a d s e t s ; one is l o c a t e d i n the "bump-hat" f o r u s e while
w e a r i n g the c o n s t a n t - w e a r g a r m e n t ; the o t h e r is located in the s p a c e s u i t
h e l m e t . E a c h h e a d s e t is c o m p r i s e d of two independently operating e a r -
phones and two m i c r o p h o n e s with self-contained p r e a m p l i f i e r s . T h e
h e a d s e t s a r e used f o r a l l voice t r a n s m i s s i o n and reception.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2.8-2
Mission Basic Date 12 NOV 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A-03 - SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
To: HEADSET
EARPHONES
d MIKE AMPLS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2. 8 - 3
M i s s ion Basic Date l 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SM2 A- 0 3 -SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
The VOX m o d e p e r m i t s t h e m i c r o p h o n e a m p l i f i e r to be a c t i v a t e d by
t h e v o i c e - o p e r a t e d switching c i r c u i t r y within t h e audio c e n t e r . The audio
output of t h e a m p l i f i e r is t h e n applied to i s o l a t i o n and switching d i o d e s
c o n t r o l l e d i n p a r t by the audio c e n t e r c o n t r o l s l o c a t e d o n p a n e l s MDC-26,
-13, and - 2 3 .
Voice t r a n s m i s s i o n o v e r , the H F t r a n s c e i v e r is l i m i t e d to t h e p o s t -
landing p h a s e of t h e m i s s i o n ; h o w e v e r , t h e R C D R / H F s w i t c h (MDC-26, -13,
-23) i n the T / R p o s i t i o n p r o v i d e s a ground f o r the p o w e r c o n t r o l r e l a y in the
voice r e c o r d e r . The i n t e r c o m s w i t c h (MDC-26, -13, - 2 3 ) w o u l d a l s o have to
be i n t h e T / R p o s i t i o n so the audio s i g n a l would b e a v a i l a b l e f o r r e c o r d i n g .
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 8. 2. 1. 2 S / C Intercommunications.
2 . 8 . 2. 1. 3 I n - F l i g h t Voice Communications.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM *
2. 8-5
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-0 3 -SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8. 2. 2 Data O p e r a t i o n s .
2. 8. 2. 2. 1 General.
2. 8. 2. 2. 2 T L M T r a n s m i s s i o n and S t o r a g e .
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
.-: --..
Page 2. 8-6
Mission B a s i c Date 12 NOV 1966 Change Date
R\
INMI-,
VCM 0..
OR
s/c
DISPLAYS
A
OPERA-
TIONAL
IMTR
r n u INMI-,
YOMD
(MDC- 19)
a
2-KMC PORTIOI.
SCIN A N T E N h
UPPER (-z)
rz'l
I - Y N D 4Nl
r I-UNO
1
9
j-J I
EQUIP
b
N
CAMERA
VIDEO
AL-TIME PCM DATA
STORED
PCM DATA)
J
PMP
DOWN-DA TA
1
v
.
USBE
-
4
A G C VOLTAGE
I
WR
(MDC-I 9)
S-BAND
A NAMPL
D
DIPLEXER
- 4
L
4 -
I STORED I
--+- - P-DATA
(S-BAND
MODE)
ON
,+
UP-DATA (UHF MODE)
REAL-TIME
COMMAND
RELAY BOX EQUIP
OR
(MDC- 19)
M i s s ion Basic
SYSTEMS DATA
VOICE [D
4fC-
d
VOICE RECORD (MDC-26, -13, -23)
.-
(MDC-26, -13, -23)
VOICE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Mission Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date page2 . 8 - 7 1 2 . 8 - 8
k
SM2A-0 3 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
--
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e S I C i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n equipment c o n s i s t s of v a r i o u s types of
s e n s o r s and t r a n s d u c e r s f o r providing environmental, o p e r a t i o n a l s t a t u s ,
and p e r f o r m a n c e m e a s u r e m e n t s of the S I C s t r u c t u r e , operational s y s t e m s ,
and e x p e r i m e n t a l equipment. The outputs f r o m t h e s e s e n s o r s and t r a n s -
d u c e r s a r e conditioned t o s i g n a l s suitable f o r utilization by the S I C d i s p l a y s ,
p r e s e n t a t i o n to the P C M T L M equipment, o r both. In addition, v a r i o u s
digital s i g n a l s a r e p r e s e n t e d t o the P C M T L M equipment, including event
information, guidance and navigation data, and a t i m e s i g n a l f r o m the C T E .
2. 8 . 3. 1. 1 O p e r a t i o n a l Instrumentation.
O p e r a t i o n a l m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e those which a r e n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e d f o r
a routine m i s s i o n and include t h r e e c a t e g o r i e s : in-flight m a n a g e m e n t of
the S I C , m i s s i o n evaluation and s y s t e m p e r f o r m a n c e , and preflight check-
out of the S / C . The Operational i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s e n s o r s and t r a n s d u c e r s
a r e capable of making the following types of m e a s u r e m e n t s : p r e s s u r e ,
t e m p e r a t u r e , flow attitude, r a t e , quantity, a n g u l a r position, c u r r e n t ,
voltage, frequency, R F power, a n d "on-off" type events.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2.8-14
Mission B a s i c Date 12 NoV 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-0 3 -SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
~
I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n equipment g r o u p
0 Operational instrumentation
0 Flight qualification i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n
0 Audio c e n t e r ( A / C ) equipment
0 Signal conditioning equipment (SCE)
0 P u l s e - c o d e m o d u l a t i o n - t e l e m e t r y ( P C M T L M ) equipment
0 T e l e v i s i o n (TV) equipment
0 P r e m o d u l a t i o n p r o c e s s o r ( P M P ) equipment
0 Data s t o r a g e equipment (DSE)
0 Flight qualification r e c o r d e r (FQR) equipment
0 Up-data link ( U D L ) equipment
0 C e n t r a l t i m i n g equipment ( C T E )
0 Voice r e c o r d e r
R F e l e c t r o n i c s equipment g r o u p
0 V H F / A M t r a n s m i t t e r - r e c e i v e r equipment
0 H F t r a n s c e i v e r equipment
0 VHF/FM t r a n s m i t t e r equipment
0 Unified S-band equipment (USBE)
0 S-band power a m p l i f i e r equipment
0. C-band t r a n s p o n d e r equipment
0 VHF r e c o v e r y beacon equipment
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8. 2.4. 1 General.
SYSTEMS DATA
I UPPER T O W E R (+Z)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I ~~
(MDC-PO)
I I
AGC VOLTAGE
---------
IN-FLIGHT C-BAND TRACK1 NG
NOTES:
1.
RECOVERY
BEACON
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8. 2. 3 T r a c k i n g and Raneine.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM I
2.8-10
Mission B a s i c Date 12 NOv 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
--
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8 . 2 . 2. 3 Up-Data Reception.
~~
VHF ANTENNA
t
5765
J
5690
SWITCH
10.006 MC-
243 M C
C- BAND
X-PONDER
VOICE RECORD ,
VOICE
2968MCv
VHNAM
+ 259.7 MC
I
7
EQU IP. VHF HF f
(MDC-19)
RECORDER
. XMTR-RCVR I RECY B C N XCVR I
- - - - - - - - - - - - 4--- - - - - - - -1-1-- - - - &+I- - _7 ;' - A -1-
1 4 EQUIP, I EQUIP. ~ EQUIP. L
I r----d 4
L---, I -
NASA SUPPLIED BODY WORN BIO-ME0 EQUIPMENT I
CWMANDER'S UMB I L l C A L I I
!
REDUNDANT SIGNAL - - --- AUDIO
- - - . J JI I
I1 .
I
HF
BCN
NAVIGATOR'S UMB lL l CAL 4- ---
CONT
CONTROCS
REDUNDANT SIGNAL MDC-20
S-BAND KEY *
ENG INEER' 5 UMB I L I CAL
REDUNDANT SIGNAL
I
MIKE 0 I I I
I V I DE0
S-BAND K F I + - - - - - - -f I
I
PTI swITCH TRANSLATION CONTROLLER-- -- --I r-------------
* I
c I
LEGEND
SIGNAL FLOW
CONTROL
-
--- -
1
II
I
TO RECY INTERCOM -
AUDIO
I LCC V I A SIC
HF VHF RECOVERY
RECOVERY ANTENNAS VHF PORTION OF THE 2-KMC PORTION OF THE
ID ANTENNAS ANTENNA NO. 2 VHFl2 - KMC SCIN ANTENNAS VHFIZ-KMC S C I N ANTENNAS
7 V
t
COAX r-------
RELEASE
L
VHF ANTENNA
SWITCH
VHF h UHF
1
I I
. I) VHF MULTIPLMER
10.006 MC-
A
1-
I UHF
FM
G&N UPDATA
BAND
VOICE RECORD 2968MCt
243 MC
7
v 259.7 MC i l 45%
237.8 M C I
-
RC\ EQUIP T I M I N G PUL!
AND RESET
VHFlAM I VHF HF VHFKM I
ONDER
7u I P. XMTR-RCVR IRECY B C N XCVR I XMTR II VALIDATION SIGNA1
EQUIP, 1 EQUIP. EQUIP. I )UIP.
(MDC-191 4 + 4 + b I
i ;
- A--d
"DER'S UMBILICAL
EDUNDANT SIGNAL
PTTM Isw
EARPHONE
S-BAND KEY
KE 2
[ Tb
e
q
--) ~
I I Jt ]i
~
--- 7 . 1.
C W MAN DER' S
LI - -AUDIO -------
- (MDC-26)
& CONTROLS
CI
+- - CON1
-- CONTROLS
----{ - 4
r
I
I
- - - - - --
IHARDLIM BIO-mtD
DATA
ATOR'S U M B I L I C A L
i D U N D A N T S IGNAL
iI I
NAVIGATOR'S
AUDIO CONTROLS
MDC-20
'
I 2 6 BITS D I G I T A L
I
(PARALLEL) TO *
PHOTO EQU IP M E N l
URPHONE II II IMDC-U) h
MIKE AUDIO
~-
I UPVOICE &
Pl-r sw CENTER 4 & DOWNVOIC
S-BAND KEY
ER'S U M B I L I C A L I!
'I 2 *
ENGINEER'S
EQU IP. S-BAND
AUDIO
ECEIVED UP-DI I
I
,, I
AUDIO CONTROLS
(MDC- 23 1
-~ r--
-DUNDANT SIGNAL - I
I 4 I
EARPHONE I I
I
I
I
I
--r ------ - --
1 I I AUDIO I
--
ITCH TRANSLATION CONTROLLER---- --e- I
L
l ~ I O ~ V I D E O
I
1I TO RECY INTERCOM
ILCC V I A SIC
Mission Bas:
SMZA-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
t ------__ 4 --------
+_ _ _ _
I
-- +
e A--
A
------------a
A
'
237.8MCi
%FM
. LINK
RCVR EQUIP
_t7d
G&N UPDATA & COMMANDS
REALTIME COMMANDS
6 V D C T I M I N G EXCITATION
T I M I N G PULSETRAINS
AND RESEl
~
UDL
-
G&N COMPUTER
* & CONTROL PANEL
APPLICABLE
VHFlFM I c RELAY SIC SYSTEMS
BOX
XMTR
EQUIP. I ,
.
VALIDATION SIGNAL ' F R O M G&N
DI..
SIC
-
SIGNAL
COND. MClTATlONPWR PANEL 8 5 V D C OPERA-
TI ONAL
- - - - - --- ------ -- UNCONDITIONED t>Dg-- I NSTR
I .+
b
ANALOG
----
I
- 4I H A R D LDATA
I M BlO-mtD
26 PARALLEL BITS TIME CODE
40 KC
1 ,
+ scs
126 BITS D I G I T A L CENTRAL 6.4 KC INVERTER SYNC ,EPS
(PARALLEL) TO 4 ~ TIMING IOCPS
b DISPLAY EQUl P.
EQUIP.
I --
I PHOTO EQU IP M E M
4
1 PULSE PER 10 MIN
1024 KC SYNC I NPUT QG&N
ECS
'A & UPVOICE & I I
I
VALIDATION SIGNAL
LOW LEVEL ANALOG INPUTS
START, STOP, B I T T I M I N G w RZ DATA 5L 2 KBS
PCM DATA
& 512 KC
-
~~
FLIGHT
> ill0
?.
EQUIP. RECORDER 4 ANALOG INPUTS - QUAL
II A INSTR
A
ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA
T EL EC 0 M M UNIC A T I 0 NS
Mission B a s i c Date 12 N o v 1966 Change Date Page 2 . 8 - 1 5 / 2 . 8 - 1 6
SM2A-0 3 -SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
-.--
SYSTEMS DATA
VOLUME
To: R E O INTERCOM SWIMMER CONNECTOR 4
+
I I EARPHONES I N
COMMND
PILOT'S
I
1 NTERCOM
T/R 1
I
I -I.
I VOICE To:
Fmn: SWITCH 6
A I
If p~
VHF/AM ISOLATlON zi!%/R
XMTR-RCVR DIODE
(-+A+
HF KEYING RELAY A N D ON-BOARD T/R
SWITCH 6
ISOLATION
SIDE-
I
5 10: HF
VOICE TAPE RECORDER POWER
SWITCH 6
ISOLATION I XCVR
DIODE
I
A l l controls and witch- o n
on MDC-26 u n l m othemise
i 1H-I I
MDC-13 ond -23,hwdseh am
for SENIOR PILOT ond PILOT,
I
Ond T/C circuit btsaken om
SWITCH GROUP- 5 and -3, respectively
& I
POWER
4. Additioml PTT ptshbuttonr
L-~OFF
-TIC1
0 PTT
I ovox
I
L- 0- --- -0
To:
I
I
5.
(not i l l m t m t d ) am locotd
on tmnrlotion controls.
The VOX switch provideso
grovrd d u m path thrwgh the
j3
FUGHT GROUP4 POWER switch when enabled by
k&
:, M 28 VDC = vox
SENS
ELECT.
a~cuirs
the VOX circuitry
BUS SM-24-740F
(MDC-22)
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~ ~
TELECOMMUMCATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
1
- 115V3~4WCPS
ACIUS2.A
X S
RESOLVER w-
-cPS
I
LATORS
I ZCHANNELS
6 CHANNELS
I SPSI
IO SPS
I
I
-
PUT: PITCH,
YAW, ROLL
I To KM
A
I ,TELEME-
TRY
I EPS 1 DC D'FRR- 7 CHANNELS 10 SPS
iI MUP.
7I AMPLIFIERS
20t0250MVor
ENTUL
POSTUNDING, I
MTTERY, MTTERY
CHARGER, FUEL CELL
I
. II
I
lo: s/c
m
'DIS-
PUYS
TEMP SENSORS
:-
!n !
4 CTool5V
SIG CON0
pos SUPPLY
, 6IIHANNELS IOSPSI
I
I
SENSOR
IO VOLTS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2.8-20
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 12 NOV 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-0 3 - SCO 1 2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
I W sps
MSPS
,:]
25
HI
, I
1 I t
HI-SPEED ANALOG
CODER GATES h
I CALIBRATOR
GATE DRIVERS
PARALLEL
D1G I TAL
8 BIT PARALLEL
DIGITAL DATA I I fI
' 4
1
I
PCM UNIT NO. 2
INPUTS I I ! I f I I
HI 811 RATE -
28 CHANNELS, 0 CONTROL DATA
- -+START PULSE
I
8 BITS PER WORD PARALLEL DIGITAL SOURCE EXT
TRANSFER N0S.I-I2 OR INT
I CHANNEL, 0 PROGRAMMER 512 KC
32 BITS PER WORl -- I CPS SYNC] Fra'
DIGITAL
I- I
I, I
I CHANNEL, 0 l ONLY
MULTI-
16 BITS PER WORI x)sps PLEXER
I
I I ' I
UDL RTC
I CHANNEL, 0 I ONLY RELAY BOX
16 BITS PER WORI osps
FOR h 4 4 T
ID SELEC-
.
OUTPUT DATARATE TIMING
I CHANNEL o REGISTER DSE
24 BITS PER WORI
PARALLEL BIT PCM WORDS (8)
. I 5IZKCSUBCARRIER To:
IREF PMP
KM
I
1
Rz SERIAL
UNITS
POWER SUPPLY *PCM DATA
NO.l h
e51.2KBPSDATA To LCC
t N0.2
RATE TIMING VIA S/C
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PCM TLM FRAME RATE
WORD FROM LEGEND
GhN
Fmm: 0
ll5VAC30 - - - CONTROL 6 COMMAND CIRCUITS
NON ESS u SIGNAL AND POWER
T/C sw MDC-22 * Refer to DSE illustmtion for
dditional switch circuitry S M - -A- 7 i 5 D
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2.8-21
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-0 3 - SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2.8. 3. 2 . 4 T e l e v i s i o n ( T V ) Equipment.
The TV equipment c o n s i s t s of a s m a l l , p o r t a b l e , TV c a m e r a ( f i g u r e
2. 8-8)t h a t c a n b e hand-held o r mounted i n one of f o u r l o c a t i o n s i n the
c o m m a n d module. Its function i s to a c q u i r e r e a l - t i m e video i n f o r m a t i o n
f o r t r a n s m i s s i o n to the MSFN d u r i n g S-band testing.
2. 8 . 3 . 2 . 5 P r e m o d u l a t i o n P r o c e s s o r ( P M P ) Equipment.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
TARGET
VOLTAGE
t N CAMERA
,To:
PMP
ALC
witch
PREAMPLIFIER
HIGH-
PEAKER
VIDEO AMPLIFIER
- c
CLAMP
A
+ PROCESSING
AMPLIFIER
I
A A
-r--+-1-+I-
I I I
I I I I
1 I I I
- --.- ----- -
SWEEPS AND BEAM CURRENT GENERATOR
To. VIDICON
POWER ELECTRODES
SUPPLY 6 CIRCUIT
SLIDE SWITCH BOARDS
O N TV CAMERA
HANDLE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND POST-
GROUP 5 LANDING
MDC-22 nus
SM-2A-738C
F i g u r e 2. 8-8. T e l e v i s i o n Equipment
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date page 2 . 8 - 2 3
SMZA-03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
~
T h e r e a r e t w o e m e r g e n c y m o d e s ; e m e r g e n c y voice and e m e r g e n c y
key, s e l e c t e d by the S- BAND - EMERC switch and used to p e r m i t e m e r g e n c y
t r a n s m i s s i o n of voice o r code o v e r the USBE with the P M P shutdown. With
the S-BAND - EMERG switch i n the c e n t e r ( O F F ) position, the PWR - P M P
switch c o n t r o l s the application of power to the P M P . However, with the
S-BAND - EMERC switch s e t to e i t h e r VOICE o r KEY, a - c power is
r e m o v e d f r o m the P M P . In the KEY position, a s e p a r a t e 28-volt d - c
._.-
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
F m : PCM T L M EQUIP. + c
f-$: &?D1 STORED
*RNG1 < PCM
--4 SWITCHES + u
I A i
b
-
-
l-AyR:rON LY
0 I - ‘
I
I
LI
0
I
N
I
I
I L I ,
I
0 I
TAPE RECORDER
I P W F M MODE CONTPO
PLAY
PCM
1 I REAL-TIME ANALOG MOD
- NORM I
0 I
I STORED ANALOG MODE Ca
i
F m : DSE :
STORED ANALOG DATA I
I
LANDING
Bus -0 __ OFF NORMAL V o l C V K M W C
(r
f
.1
GROUP-5 KEY EMERG KEY MODE CONTROL)
I---
20 VDC
4,
XPONDER VOLTAGE 4@
0 REGUIATOR
__ OFF USBE WR
AF
I
From TVCAMERA .* "IDEo I lSOlATlON LOWPASS
AMPL C AMPL _c FILTER
FS-BAND
I--
~w
I
'ph'NG1
OFF
ORNG
1
ONLY
Fra PCMTLMEQUIP
To
Fmn
DSE 4
DSE
REAL TIMEPcMITLM
+
+ STORED PCMlTLM
I
I
I
]
rREAL
TIME/
STORED
% PCM
.o SWITCHES,
A
I
b
A
DATA
LIMITER -
.. BI-MASE
MODULATOR'
BANDPASS
RLTER -b
A
AMPL'S 4
PM
MlXlP
NETWC
6 I vI 0 - - -
Tv
SWITCH
t -
BIOMED
. P W F M MODE CONTROL
SWITCH
a
-c
REAL-TIME ANALOG MODE CONTROL
- 3
I
ANALOG
c SCO'S
Fmm. DSE :
STORED ANALOG DATA 1
I
I
4P K3 -- _-_ K3
0
(9)
-
L
6 FILTER x2 FILTER
I5 VAC uy) CPS I
t
rPOWER
pMp 1 r S - B A N D i
EMERG 512KC TUNED
SUBCARRIER . EMERG KEY
- AMPL
+
r--
I 1 t
20 VDC
XPONDER
0 REGULATOR
co OFF USBE P N R
K2
OFF CONTROL
XPONDER
0
(MDC-20)
PWRAMPL CKT UTIUZATlON
BOX
From: CTE
P l l CIRCUIT
(SEE AUDIO CENTER € Q U I
ILLUSTRATION. )
0
Figure 2 . 8 - 9 .
~
M i s s ion Basic D a t e 2
, ,.
.::,.i
.
.-.. . '
SMZA-03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
AMPL
LOWPASS ! PCM TLh4 To: VHF-FM
L
A
_+I
FILTER I * XMTR
81-PHASE * BANDPASS
PM PM
OUTPUT EMITTER
i VOICE 6 PCM OR VOICE ONLY (PM)
OR EMERG KEY CW
MODULATOR FILTER
--t AMPL,S -+ <ING +-+ FOLLOWER I w To: USBE
7
=TpJ-
3NTROL
I I
ANALOG
SCO'S
L
4
MIXING
NETWORK
EM,TTER
--c FOLLOWER
U
!
I
I
I
VOICE PLi
P(IM
OR BIOMED (FM-I
N , ANALOG,
+ To: USBE
r I
I
- e
0 F m US8E
----------I---- - --I
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
P M P Inputs
e: n
W e:hZ
Q
cr:
0 Pi
W R
wcr:
n"
z I I I
0 I
e:
3w
n
k
P)
Y
a
5
E:
0 z a
02
6
w
u,
0
..
L.
P) w
n
k
01 w
> ic
U
E: Pi U
d PI
I Z " 4 z a 4
0 2 b 0 2 b
n
z
2
u)
01
T
E
Y
3
a
i)
E: 3
0 0
2
U
d m
.r(
E:
.*
Y 5
m Y
U
8 01
w
Id
Y
0
E:
m
01
0) 0
U
.* a
0
> c
0
u
E
.*
i)
'i;
m
I (0
4 .*
d c
e: _&_ .-
TELECOMMUNICATION DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
Ix
Id ii
U
e:
3w
k
e,
u
c
%e,
0 2
m
Y
3
a
Y
5
:
a
ii
z
0 ai
sE
!z
0
Y
.r(
: Y
Y
3
a
d 3
c 0
.d
Y
m m
.d
d .f
Y
0
e,
w
u
3 rd
a
i) m
5 e,
0 0
a
w
0
+
Y
m .$m
e,
P m
x .d
b 42
--
TELECOMMUNICATION DATA
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8 . 3 . 2. 6 Data S t o r a g e Equipment (DSE).
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
I
t I
PARALLEL-
TO-SERIAL
CONVERTER
AMP'S
CLOCK
I
D :Y
c
K
CLOCK -4
I
ti : :1
0 ANALOG
INWJS
0
' e
, -
-INPUT
PATCH
PANEL
ANALOG
RECORD
AMPLS
I
I
I
I
NOTES
I All w t c h e s , h a " ore
l0cot.d on MOC-20
2 For ddahoml witch
crrcultv, %e. PMP
o d K M TLM q w p -
m.nt < Ilu,tmt,om
3 No1 scheduled for
YV m 5C-012
swircti SM-2A-7590
F i g u r e 2 . 8 - 10. D a t a S t o r a g e Equipment
SYSTEMS DATA
S u i t <h P u a t l i o n s
5-BAN&
VOICE TAPERECORDEH
PLAY SPEED
TAPE- PCM- HIGH- RECORD- FWD
Off - NORM- NORM - 011- 011-
Functions ANALOG ANALOG LOW PLAY REV
REV
Illegal M o d e s .
I. H i g h bit r a l e m u s t be r e c o r d e d a1 n o r m a l s p e e d UT tape m o t i o n w r l l s t o p
4. It tape IS p l a y e d back At high s p e e d a n d ' o n t a i n r d h i y h bit rdtr data. I h r pldv b a c k dat.< * i l l c.<rbled
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
.
Mission B a s i c Date 12 NOv 1966 Change Date Page 2.8-32
SM2A-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e m e a s u r e m e n t n u m b e r s and n a m e s of the p a r a m e t e r s s t o r e d i n
the FQR a r e p r e s e n t e d i n the following l i s t . T h i s does not include the two
FQR channels utilized f o r s t o r a g e of r e f e r e n c e and timing code storage.
Me as u r e ment Identity
Number
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
..
SYSTEMS DATA
I > - t
I' TIME
I CODE
GENERATOR
vco AMPL
I
I I
4
I
I 50 K C
REFERENCE
OSCILLATOR
MIXER .--t, RECORD
1 CHANNEL
I AMPL
----_
I
L
I
LOW-FREQ
ANALOG
INPUTS (3) I
. t
NARROW- RECORD
I CHANNEL RECORD
HEADS
F":
FLIGHT
QUAL ANALOG
I
I
BAND
VCO'S -----
AMPL
I
FLIGHT I
QUAL RCDR
(MDC-19)
RECORD
I
28 VDC
I I TRANSPORT
NON
FfiFN- TI NSTRUMENTSi
I CONTROL
L
MECHANISM
I
NON ESS
VOLTAGE
I
REGULATOR
I
-T/C 7
To:
I
-
ELECTRONIC
CI RCUl TS
F r m: --J
TELCOM- POWER
NON ESS SUPPLY
SWITCH
W llEI5-04
SM-24-8548
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
Measurement
Number Identity
CK 0006 A L i n e a r a c c e l e r a t i o n s t r u c t u r e Z axis A
CR 0514 P CCW r o l l engine p r e s s u r e , s y s t e m A
CR 0520 P CCW r o l l engine p r e s s u r e , s y s t e m B
CR 0623 P Fuel line pressure, system A
CR 0624 P Fuel line pressure, s y s t e m B
CR 0625 P Oxidizer l i n e p r e s s u r e , s y s t e m A
CR 0626 P Oxidizer line p r e s s u r e , s y s t e m B
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
UDL MDC-LO
Command Aclion Relay SW PositLon Rcsulls
2 PULSE So r f l r c l on C-band o p e r a t i o n .
LOW S u t l c h r s f r o m 1 . 6 K D 5 lo
51. 2 K D S .
Ob Deactivates s y s t e m B KL ( R E S E T ) -3
M i>c
abort request l i g h t
SYSTEMS DATA
---
I GREQUEST
ORT
POWER SUPPLY
light
I
1 SYSTEM8
I
UP-DATA
S-YND
OFF
UHF
FLIGHT &
L
@
POSTUNDING
nus O2 RESET
@
GROUP4 .r-- VHF-FM
XMTR
7.5A
++m wc
+26 VDC
RESET
PCM T I M
NOTES. UP T L M EQUIP
I.
2.
A l l RTC Iolching relays
o r e h o r n in ns.1 m i l i o n
All r r i t c h a am on
CMD
(MDC-19) i
MDC-20 d e s o t h e w i m To All
indicrrtd. I
windings
I
I I
SYSTEMS DATA
UHF position, the UHF up-data mode is s e l e c t e d and 28-volt d - c power is
applied to the UDL power supply. T h e S-BAND position a l s o applies
28-volt d - c power, but s e l e c t s the S-band up-data m o d e and d e a c t i v a t e s the
U H F / F M r e c e i v e r . Another control, located on MDC-19, is the two-
position spring-loaded U P T L M CMD switch. When s e t m o m e n t a r i l y to
the RESET position, all " r e s e t " c o m m a n d s l i s t e d i n the UDL real time
c o m m a n d s c h a r t a r e commanded. T h i s nullifies all r ' s e t " c o m m a n d s
which have been r e c e i v e d f r o m the MSFN. An U P T L M - ACCEPT/BLOCK
s w i t c h (MDC-14) is a l s o provided which enables the c r e w to p e r m i t o r p r e -
vent G&N up-data f r o m affecting the guidance c o m p u t e r .
C T E Outputs
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
TIMING
MONITOR
I 1 I I
' 512 K C
+PCM/TLM
EQUIP
--}
5.4 K C
+
ACPOWER
INVERTERS
4 KC
6 --* scs
BUS A
OUTPUT
BUFFER
tMPLI Fl ERS
POWER SUPPLY
28 VDC
0 CPS
D-C M A I N
5 A MN A
A
P-
PI
+EVENT
TIMER
I CPS
28 VDC ---* PCM/TLM
START/STOP EXCITATION EQUl P
UP DATA
EQUl PMENT
TIMING PULSE TRAINS 6 RESET 2661T TIME
ACCUMULATOR-
SEC. M I N , HR, DAY
'1
ECS (ONE IO SEC
PULSE PER IO M I N )
CENTRAL
TIMING
SM-?A-S65E
F i g u r e 2. 8-13. Central T i m i n g E q u i p m e n t
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 8 . 3 . 2 . 10 Voice R e c o r d e r s
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Page 2.8-40
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 12 N o V 1966 Change Date
SM2A - 0 3 - SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
I
I
FORWARD-
REVERSE I
I
SENSORS I
I
I +I7 VDC I I I
I
*rI I
I
I To: HF I I
I I TRAN SCEl VE R
TRANSMIT- I -5 VDC +I2 VDC I
I SWITCH I RECEIVE KEYING I
SIGNAL CONDITIONER
ELECTRONICS
I
I I RELAY I
I
I
y-]
MIXER
I
VOICE
VOX SENS RECORDER
=
I vco
I
i TIME CODED DATA FROM
I MDAS TIMING GENERATOR
TELECOM- BUS I
TELECOIMUNICATIONS MUNICATIONS 115 VAC
GROUP 4 GROUP 1 39 m-
+28 vDC ,Ao 1 - * A
AC I
IO A 2A
FLIGHT AND (MDC- 22) (MDC-22) BUS 2
POSTLANDING
115 VAC
BUS
3 9 400-
NOTE: ONLY C O M W N D PILOT AUDIO CENTER MODULE AND CONTROLS ARE INDICATED.
SM-24-955C
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~~
NOTE To i n c l u d e t h e t i m i n g r e f e r e n c e while r e c o r d i n g
o n t h e voice t a p e r e c o r d e r , t h e MDAS MAIN POWER s w i t c h
m u s t be O N ( L E B c o m p a r t m e n t C) and the TIMER s w i t c h
m u s t be a t "NORMAL. I '
2. 8. 3. 3 R F E l e c t r o n i c s Equipment Group.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
page 2.8-42
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date
7
VHFlAM TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER
- -
05?
1
lo: A U D I O - SQUELCH
DETECTOR +
IF I MIXER -
CENTER EOUlP- AMPLS t- GATE AMPLS
259.7 M C
,
----c SCHMITT
TRIGGER
AGC
AMPLS
b
I
*I
n OSC-TRIPLER
--------
-e-- J
I
I
I
'I-
71
VHF A M
SOUElCH
RECEiM 1 FRONT E N D
7
' - v
RF
- MIXER C. AMP1 4
I 294.8 MC
IlA121 RECEIVER
1I - OSC-TRIPLER 'I II
I .
------------------------
L ------- -.J 8
---.
?
OSC-TRIPLER ---C
RF
AMPLS ---+ DRIVERS
1
-+ POWER
AMPLS
A
- TUNED
CAVlTY
S
-
----*
h
I
DIR
COUPLER
- LO-PASS
FILTER
J
7
296.8 M C ,
From: A U D I O
CENTER EQUIP
c- - AUDIO
AMPLS -*
- :
ODULATORS -
d
-
ISOV PLUS
MODULATION MODULATION
- POWER To
TRANSMITTER
..,. i' '. ,< '.. 3
7
SQUELCH
GATE
A
- DETECTOR +
. .
IF
AMPLS
_.
- I '
I .
MIXER *
RF
AMPLS
259.7 M C
* I 1
MULTIPLEXER
I
To: VHF ANTENNA
SWITCH
1 -
'
A
I t i
4
I
- AGC
AMPLS
0 OK-TRIPLER
I
1
I I
RECEIM
RECEIVE 2
- FRONT END
RECEIVER
I
RCVR 1 DISABLE VOLTAGE
RF
AMPLS - DRIVERS
A
-+
>
POWER
AMPLS
a
- - - TUNED
CAVlTY
I
+
I
.
DIR
COUPLER
LO-PASS
FILTER
296.8MC A I
I
I
ISOV PL LJS
MODULATION MODULATION
jODULATORS POWER To
TRANSMITTER
TRANSISTORS I
--
TO: S-BAND T/R CONTROL VHF A M
-
(MDC-26, 13, -23)
To: S-BAND P M P
PTT
Figure
Mission Basic
_.’
SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
DC-DC
SWITCHER
- REGULATOR
AND
TRANSIENT
SUPPRESSOR
2
'
VHF AM
(MDC- 20)
RECEIVE RECl
RECEIVE 2 A N D RC
+1 sv
FRONT END SWITCH FILTER
I
.a
I
I 2
RCVR
I
POWERTO
RECEIM I
+12 RECEIVE
IAND
I 1
FRONT END -vDc TR SW
I I
RCVR 1 DISABLE VOLTAGE t POWER SUPPLY
*-
1
i
i
-
! TRANSFORMER
4VAC
I TELECOMMUNCIATIONS
GROUP 4
(MDC- 2a FLIGHT
- ?.SA
A N D PO51
L A N D ING
SM-24-677D
F i g u r e 2.8-15. V H F / A M T r a n s m i t t e r - R e c e i v e r Equipment
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS: DATA
2. 8. 3. 3. 2 H F T r a n s c e i v e r Equipment.
The H F t r a n s c e i v e r equipment ( f i g u r e 2. 8 - 1 6 ) is t h e p r i m a r y m e a n s to
a i d r e c o v e r y o p e r a t i o n s d u r i n g t h e postlanding p h a s e of the m i s s i o n by p r o -
viding long - r a n g e , s i m p l e x , voice c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and beyond line -of - sight
d i r e c t i o n finding c a p a b i l i t i e s . It is contained i n the s a m e e l e c t r o n i c s pack-
a g e as the VHF-FM t r a n s m i t t e r equipment i n the LEB.
2. 8. 3 . 3. 3 V H F / F M T r a n s m i t t e r Equipment.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
ON
0 551)
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
I
I
,-
'*
%-HF OSC
4.775MC
-
IF HF
OSClLUTOR
-----
CARRIER
REINSERTION
SWITCH
TRANSMITTER
BUFFER
I
I
I
I
I
I
AUTO LOA
1
I
I
I .
I
I
II
--i
-OFF
HF
(MDC- 13,
-23, -26)
AUDIO
---
T/R
O REC
CENTER EQUAP
r
I CONTROL DRIVER
ALC ,
RF
44'
AMPL AMPL
b >
I
+ w
*
I
TELECOMMUNICATIONS-
GROUP 4
(MDC-22)
RF ALC
*
I
-;-,
RF
IF AMPLS
&CLIPPER
-0 AMPL * ATTENU- -C AMPL
I ATOR
F i g u r e 2 . 8 - 16. H F T r a n s c e i v e r Equipment
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
----------------------------
I 1I
I
I
I
BUFFER
AMPL - FREQ
x 4 --*
FREQ
x 3 - FREQ
x z
.--.C AMPLS
-
+ DRIVER +
-
POWER
>
-
*
LO-PASS
FILTER
-ANDDET
- I
I
BIAS
*
I VARICAP 4
CRYSTAL
DISCR
I
I
L-, -----------
5 1 . 2 OR
1.6 kbpi ?--
L1
AC BUS
NO. 1
SM-2A-6790
- F i g u r e 2 . 8 - 17. V H F / FM T r a n s m i t t e r Equipment
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
~ ~ ~ ~
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date NOv 1966 Change Date Page 2.8-48
SM2A-0 3 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
-
SYSTEMS DATA
70 KC UP-DATA 6
LANDING
BUS
SM- 2A-74lC
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
----------.--.
S-BAND POWER AMPLIFIER
TO USBE
:"F
USBE
115VAC Fm:
SM-2A-7600
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date page 2.8-51
SM2A-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
s t r e n g t h is r e q u i r e d f o r adequate r e c e p t i o n of the S-band s i g n a l b y the
MSFN. It c o n s i s t s of a diplexer, a traveling-wave tube f o r amplification,
p o w e r s u p p l i e s , and the n e c e s s a r y switching r e l a y s and c o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y .
T h e S-band P A is contained i n a s i n g l e e l e c t r o n i c s package located i n the
l o w e r equipment bay.
T h e C-band t r a n s p o n d e r contains f o u r r e c e i v e r s , a t r a n s m i t t e r , a
power supply, and a s s o c i a t e d c i r c u i t r y f o r c o m p a r i n g and decoding r e c e i v e d
s i g n a l s and switching antennas. T h e r e a r e f o u r C-band antennas, one f o r
e a c h r e c e i v e r , l o c a t e d a r o u n d the p e r i m e t e r of the command module. The
i n t e r r o g a t i o n m a y be r e c e i v e d by a n y one o r m o r e of the four antennas and
routed through c i r c u l a t o r s to the a s s o c i a t e d r e c e i v e r s . If the p u l s e s a r e
p r o p e r l y coded the c o m p a r a t o r d e t e r m i n e s which antenna received the
s t r o n g e s t s i g n a l and a c t i v a t e s the switch d r i v e r , which d r i v e s the R F
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2.8-52
SMZA-03-SCO1 2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
i
-c
W
$ * .-
a a a
I I I
* w
8 Y
I
0
I
>
a a
c( 1 I I
I
0 c
I
0 a
u
I
%,
5
0 0
00
d
*
-1
C
i!
8
-a
d
0
u 0 0
z " z z z a
a a
I 1 I I
X a 0 G O E 3
Y
r
L:
0
n
u
>
C
Y
1
3
L
0
ui
K
0
.,
2
>
b
3
m
I
ui
4
t-
D
I:
b
3
C
I
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I GATION
II
I
II
-- I
5745 MC I
PULSES I
I
TRANSMITTER I
I
I
I
I
I
COMPARATOR
XMTR OUTPUT
GROUP-I 6 POST-
SM-2A-724D
Mission
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
__-
SYSTEMS DATA
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
VHF RECOVERY
ANTENNA No. I
OSCILLATOR
OUADRUPLER
(243 MC)
RF
AMPL'S
- - -MODULATION
AMPL
A
DRIVER
AMPL
b
*
POWER
AMPL
+
b
r
LO-PASS
FILTER
-
tmmc VOLTAGE
I KC
UODULAnON POWER REGULATOR
1
MULTIVIBRATO
RECOVERY
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
VHFBCN
ON
A 0
GROUP 3 6
OFF
SM-2A-478A
TELECOMMUNICATION S Y S T E M
SYSTEMS DATA
,ANTENNA
ANTENNA 51
Mission
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
. 2.8-57
SMZA-0 3 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
HF RECOVERY
ANTENNA (14 Fl)
NON-SURVIVI NG
2-KMC
VIEW 0 VHF
e
VHF/2-KMC SCIN
ANTENNAS (2)
SURVIVING
SCIN ANTENNA
I
-X
+z
VHF RECOVERY
ANTENNAS NON-SURVIVING
ANTENNA
C-MND
VIEW 0
P/ ..
C-BAND ANTENNAS (4)
RECOVERY INTERCOM
SWIMMER CONNECTOR
SURVIVING
KIN ANTENNA’
I
-Z
F i g u r e 2 . 8-23. Antenna L o c a t i o n s
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
SYSTEMS DATA
VHF RECOVERY ANTENNAS HF RECOVERY C-BAND ANTENNAS
-Z SCIN +Z SCIN I
ANTENNA
ANTENNA ANTENNA No. 2 No. 1 I
21
AL Ah AL AL
C-BAND TRANSPONDER
I
I I HF 1
I
VHF I
I
ANTENNA I
I
RECOJERY I
I
UPPER I
I
BEACON
1s;
FUGHT A N D ,
POST LAND- TELECOMMU-
E::c 7T
ING BUS NATIONS
- I XPONDEI
r
L WR AMP
I RECEIVER
THRESHOLD I
I
S-BAND I I
ANTENNA I
I
TRANSMlllER
0 I VHF
AUTO I MULTIPLEXER I
UPPER
I I
I -LOWER
I
1
t I
I
I
VH F/AM
XMTRAND RCVR 1
-----
(296.8 MC)
NGE: 411 controls lomted on
VHF/AM
M D C - D unless otherwise I
RCVR 2
POWER AMPL indicated I (259.7 MC)
- F i g u r e 2 . 8 24. Antenna R F a n d C o n t r o l C i r c u i t r y SM-2A-721C
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
-Z SURVIVING ANTENNA
---
NONSURVIVING ANTE
: -Z ANTENNA USED WHEN VEHICLE/
MSFN LINE OF SIGHT IS I N -Z
HEMISPHERE, +Z ANTENNA USED
WHEN VEHICWMSFN LINE OF SIGHT
I S I N +Z HEMISPHERE; BCEPT
WHEN LINE OF SIGHT I S WITHIN
45 DEGREES OF +X AXIS; THEN USE
OPPOSITE ANTENNA. -
@'..#?
'*
CD-272 i.! + )
SYSTEMS DATA
NONSU RV IV I NG
ANTENNA
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 12 NOV 1966 Change Date page 2.8-61
SMZA- 03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
stub, 11 inches long, and a ground plane. They are automatically deployed
8 seconds a f t e r m a i n parachute deployment during the d e s c e n t phase of the
m i s s ion.
V H F r e c o v e r y antenna No. 1 i s connected to the V H F r e c o v e r beacon
equipment through a coaxial connector on the coaxial bracket, MDC-9. V H F
r e c o v e r y antenna No. 2 is to be used with the V H F / A M t r a n s m i t t e r - r e c e i v e r
equipment, thus i t is connected to the V H F antenna switch, a l s o through a
connector on the coaxial bracket. The purpose of the coaxial b r a c k e t , i s to
allow e i t h e r of the V H F recovery antennas to be used with the G F A E survival
t r a n s c e i v e r . This r e q u i r e s that the coaxial cable f r o m one of the antennas
be manually disconnected a t the coaxial bracket and reconnected to the
.
s u r v i v a l t r a n s c e i ve r
2. 8. 3. 5 E l e c t r i c a l Power Distribution.
SYSTEMS DATA
--------
MODULE
SENIOR
--------
MODULE
SENIOR
UP-DATA
N CAMERA PILOT
NON
-INSTRUMENTS- I
BUS PAMXMTR I
BUS
i .-TELECOMMUNI-
ZA
DC SIG COND
S-BAND PA
rCEMRAt-
A TIMING SYS LEGEND
-28 VDC POWER
(MDC-22) - - - VDC CONTROL POWER ONLY
28
SM-2A-648F
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date page 2.8-63
SM2A-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
~
(LEE- 704)
LIMITER
C/M OPERATIONAL
ELS, EPS, 6 ECS SIG INSTRUMENTATION
CURRENT CONDS 6 SENSORS
LIMITER
I L
DC MAIN
p?, )
-
C/M
-
C/M S/M
:/M 4 5 VDC SPS SIG
I
~
CONDS
NON ESS BUS CURRENT 28 vDc 4 SENSORS
LIMITER -
I I 3 CURRENT + a
SPS,EPS
STRUCT
S/M
OPERATIONAL
!
INSTRUMEN-
I VDC LIMITER SIG CONDS
6 SENSORS TATION
I I
I t NON
I I
-* C'MIS'MTo: S/M FLIGHT QUAL
INSTRUMENTATION
ESSENTIAL
T
BUS NO.l To:
C/M FLIGHT QUAL
INSTRUMENTATION
CMDR'S
SPACESUIT
BIOMED
(MDC-20)
1 NAVIGATOR'S
SCIEN SPACESUIT
7 - 2 BIOMED AMPLS 0 PERATIONAL
(NOT USED)
BIOMEDICAL
NON 7'5A I NSTRUMEN-
ESSENTIAL SCIEN TATION
BUS N 0 . 2 EQUlP
-!'+E? SEB-1
la:
SCIENTIFIC
EQUlPMENT
BUS B
$IN I-?: cBIOMED COMM-
(MDC-25)
Fmm: T/C GROUP-5
CIRCUIT BREAKER-
(See sheet I )
NOTES. I . A l l circuit breoken and w i t c h e s ore located
an MDC-22 unless otherwise indicated.
2 . Current limiter boxes consist mainly of terminal
boards o d fuses
SM-Z-B~~B
Figure 2.8-27. T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n ( S h e e t 2 of 2 ) --
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
-
SYSTEMS DATA
T I C Equipment P o w e r Consumption
XI
Equipment Quantit Control 1 - C Wat A-C W a t t s I - C Watc \-C Watts
I
A-C e q u i p m e n t 3 P W R s w i t c h t o VOX, 4. 3 12. a
MDC ( 1 3 , 23, 26)
TV c a m e r a 1 P W R s w i t c h ON, T V 6.0 6. 0
c a m e r a handle
t T A P E SWITCH O N , 2. 6 6. 4 2. 6 6.4
MDC 20
E M E R VOICE s w i t c h 3.2 3. 2
O N , MDC 20
V H F I A M s w i t c h to T / R , 15. 5 15. 5
MDC 20
V H F I A M s w i t c h to T / R , 61. 5 61. 5
P T T button ON, c o b r a
c a b l e MODE s w i t c h to P T '
HF transceiver I H F P O W E R s w i t c h ON, 0. 6 0. 6
MDC 20
TELECOMMUNICATION S Y S T E M
SYSTEMS DATA
~
T 1
Equipment Quantity Control D - C Watt A-C Watts D-C Watt t-C Watts
USBE S-BAND XPONDER 13. 5 13.5
s w i t c h to XPONDER
MDC 20
--
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 8. 5. 1 Antennas.
2. a. 5. 2 Data S t o r a g e Equipment.
d. T h e r e is no p r o v i s i o n f o r r e c o r d i n g TV data.
g. If tape is played back a t low s p e e d , the tape will move but t h e r e will
be no playback d a t a available to the t r a n s m i t t e r s .
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2.8-67
SMZA-03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
-
b. If one of the S-band mode switches ( T A P E OFF ANALOG or TV - -
-
O F F P U S ) is moved f r o m the OFF position, the FM selection of the
S-band t r a n s m i t t e r will be selected, reducing the c i r c u i t m a r g i n s and
disabling the S-band tracking.
2. 8. 5 . 4 General.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Miss ion Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2.8-68
SMZA-03 - SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
2.8.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 9
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
2.9. 1 INTRODUCTION.
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
c o n t r o l l e r c o n s i s t s of redundant r e l a y s , t i m e r s , and o t h e r d e v i c e s to
c o n t r o l s y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n and a u t o m a t i c timing of e v e n t s . Two c o n t r o l l e r s
a r e provided in a l l c a s e s f o r dual redundancy. The SECS will c o n t r o l the
a u t o m a t i c a l l y sequenced events d u r i n g a m i s s i o n a b o r t , n o r m a l CSM-SLA
s e p a r a t i o n , n o r m a l C / M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n , and events d u r i n g the e a r t h
landing p h a s e . The SECS p r o v i d e s conditioned signals to t e l e m e t r y
equipment through the data d i s t r i b u t i o n box s o that vital information m a y
be t e l e m e t e r e d to MSFN.
SYSTEMS DATA
~~
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
SEQUENTIAL S Y S T EMS
Mission Basic D G
#, -
1 2 Nov l 9 6 6 Change Date
*
Page 2.9-4
..
-- LIFT-OFF SIGNAL
* S-IV B
INSTRU-
MENTATION
u rdti
L/V GUID,
L/V RATE
AND
LV ENGINES
-
STATUS
4
-
I SPS A B 0
I LES A B 0
:
.
a
a. .
..-
-
LIFT-OFF SIGNAL
T
I ENABLE EDS ,
LAUNCH
-ER ENGl NE CUTOFF (BECO) ESCAPE
SYSTEM
EXP NUTS FIRE
LES ABORT SIGNAL
.
CSM-I& SEPARATION SIGNAL
START S/M JETTISON SEQUENCE
CSM-L/V SEPARATION
i STATUS SIGNAL TO A G C
S-IVB STAGE
MASTER
EVENT FIRE DIRECT ULLAGE JETS (4)
SEQUENCE
JE STATUS
I 5-IB STAGE CONTROLLER
(MESC) 1
APEX COVER JETTISON
+ I
CONTROL
RCS/SCS DEACTIVATE
SYSTEM (RCS)
I
-
-1 DEPLOY DRO
-
d
UMBILICAL GUILLOTINE
d
M A N U A L INITIATED
EVENTS
- r 4
ADAPTER SEP PYRO
+
T
SYSTEMS DATA
C/M-S/M SEPARATION
PYRO ARM
+ S~GNALTO AGC
INlTlATED FUEL 6 OX
SCS-RCS ENABLE
1 DRIVERS
I
1 1
TRANSFER
ENTRY
BATTERIES
SELECTION
TO A W N
BUSES I LOGIC
U N D lN G
SYSTEM ELECTRICAL
I
-
POWER SYSTEM
I ELECTRONICS
L
PYRO
COMlNUlTY
I INHIBIT PITCH 6 YAW ECA re‘
1
/EM FICATION
BOX (PCVB)
G I N AND ROTATION CONTROL INPUTS
DEPLOY MAINS
- RELEASE DROGUES
i
1
SM-2A-821C
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
Mission Basic Date l2 lg66 Change Date Page 2.9-512.9-4
.. . . . . . . - . . . .. f&._. m g x.3
F. . . . .- .
BATTERY C
1
EDS 3
BAT B
r--1
IWV
(MDC-2
I I
, , ,L J
Q-MLL
VECTOR SUM
e
3 Q-MLL
r --~-
I
+---
I
IL-,EDS ABORT
LOGIC RELAYS
0 l @ 10
4 4 +37 VDC
I
+o +37 VDC
I I
+o +37 VDC
BATTERY c
f ED52
I IGSE)
(MDC-25)
’).
LI n- LIFT-OFF
LIGHT
ENABLE
NO. 1
4A.R (MDC-24)
SIGNAL A
OFF ON
T
TO UP DATA LINK
E DS
QI r----
THREE
VOTING
- LOGIC
L,,,,
----t-----
CW133V
EDS ABORT
LOGIC IN
+oh36 VDC
MESC-A L o C l C B-
B A T A (MDC-22)
Z3Kl-A
IZ3K2-A
v MESC LOGIC BUS A
Z4KI-A
1-
E
.ABLE
3. 1
LIFI-OFF
LIGHT
Ll Ll
'1 T-f
-
Z4Kl-A Z4K2-A
4 H
a
(MDC-5)
I Z4KZ-A
CD0315X
ENABLE A
OFF ON
EVENT
TIMER
T
SIGNAL A
OFF/ON Z6K2-A Z6K1-j
=
EDS CHANGE
OVER BUS ENABLE
:ZbKl-A
; Z6K2-A
)WNDER'S
4NSLATION
m
)MROL
OR7 SWITCH
l0OSTER CUTOFF
Mission(
i
SMZA - 0 3-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
p T
MESC-A LOGIC B-
B A T A (MDC-22)
BATTERY BUS A
1
MESC-A ARM 0-
BAT A (MDC-22)
MESC-A ARM 0-
BAT B (MDC-22)
a.I
OFF
TO SYSTEM B
I FROM
0
SWITCH I)
+
RANGE U F E T Y
DESTRUCT ARMED
LES ABORT MODE Z3KW Z6K2A FROM S-IVB OR
H+ P.?
Z3KlA
," A*
Z6KlA
v
.I -
- +
POWER FROM
PAD ABORT REQUEST
FROM GSE
EDS POWER
SWlTCH
(MDC-24
UP-DATA RADIO
+SIGNAL
LINK
-
: 26K1 -A - Z3Kl-A
(1
1 TO SWITCH 2 41
-
!DER'S
Q
sps )TO SYSTEM 8
;ION
e e -
VlTCH (MDC-16) 1) -) FROM SWITCH 2
Im
.- TO LES TOWER JElllSON
RELAY -
I 1 Br'
T EDS AM)RT
REOUEST A
OFF ON
NOTE: System A s b n ,
system B similar.
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
CANARD
PITCH
CMRa/
2 SWFACES
(DEPLOYED)
MOTOR
\hUUST COMPARTMENT
JETTISON
ESCAPE
U
MOTOR U N C H iMOTOR
STRUCTURAL SKIRT
LAUNCH BCAE T W E R
EXPLOSIVE SEPARATION NUTS
+z
-Y * Is
F i g u r e 2. 9-3. Launch E s c a p e S y s t e m
SM-2A-7470
~~~~
~
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
a u t o m a t i c initiated a b o r t s i g n a l will a c t i v a t e a m a s t e r e v e n t s e q u e n c e
c o n t r o l l e r ( M E S C ) . The MESC will i n i t i a t e C / M - S / h I s e p a r a t i o n , and
ignite the launch e s c a p e and pitch c o n t r o l m o t o r s . F i r i n g of the p i t c h
c o n t r o l m o t o r i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y inhibited 61 s e c o n d s a f t e r lift-off by a
t i m e - d e l a y r e l a y . The L E S m o t o r s p r o v i d e sufficient t h r u s t f o r the lift
a n d l a t e r a l t r a n s l a t i o n of the C / M a w a y f r o m the launch pad, o r t r a j e c -
t o r y of the l a u n c h v e h i c l e . Two c a n a r d s u r f a c e s (figure 2 . 9 - 3 ) a r e
deployed 11 s e c o n d s a f t e r a b o r t initiation to o r i e n t the C / M to a blunt-
e n d - f o r w a r d a t t i t u d e . ( R e f e r to A b o r t P r o c e d u r e s in s e c t i o n 9. )
D u r i n g a n o r m a l m i s s i o n , the LES t o w e r i s j e t t i s o n e d s h o r t l y a f t e r
s e c o n d s t a g e b o o s t e r (S-IVB) engine ignition. LES t o w e r j e t t i s o n i s
m a n u a l l y i n i t i a t e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 m i n u t e s a f t e r lift-off by s e t t i n g the
A B O R T SYSTEM - MODE s w i t c h e s 1 and 2 (MDC-16) to the TWR J E T T
SPS MODE p o s i t i o n . E i t h e r s w i t c h will e n a b l e s y s t e m s A and B of the
r e d u n d a n t c i r c u i t r y . Both s w i t c h e s should be s e t a t the s a m e t i m e .
Any a b o r t , a f t e r LES t o w e r j e t t i s o n , m u s t be a c c o m p l i s h e d i n the SPS
m o d e by utilizing the S P S e n g i n e . ( R e f e r to A b o r t P r o c e d u r e s in
s e c t i o n 9. )
A b o o s t p r o t e c t i v e c o v e r ( B P C ) c o m p l e t e l y c o v e r s the c o n i c a l
s e c t i o n o f the c o m m a n d m o d u l e . The c o v e r p r o t e c t s the c o m m a n d
m o d u l e a n d windows f r o m heating d u r i n g the a s c e n t p h a s e , a n d s o o t a t
launch e s c a p e t o w e r j e t t i s o n i n the e v e n t of a n a b o r t . The c o v e r i s
a t t a c h e d to and is j e t t i s o n e d with the L E S t o w e r . A r e m o v a b l e s e c t i o n
a l l o w s a c c e s s to the C / M c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t . The c o v e r h a s one window
f a b r i c a t e , 9 of f u s e d s i l i c a g l a s s a n d i s l o c a t e d o v e r the f o r w a r d viewing
window.
2.9. 2 . 4 E a r t h Landing S v s t e m .
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
DROGUE
PARACHUTIis (2)
APEX COVER
M A I N PARACHUTES
(3 PLACES)
PARACHUTES (3)
DROGUE PARACHUrES
A N D MORTARS
PILOT PARACHUTES
A N D MORTARS M A I N PAPACHUTES IN
(3 PLACES) DEPLOYMENT BAGS (3)
S M - U - ~ Q ~ ~
F i g u r e 2. 9-4. ELS P a r a c h u t e E q u i p m e n t
S E Q U E N T I A L SYSTEMS
.
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2-9-12
SM2A - 0 3 - S C O 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEAIS
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
_-
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e postlanding c o n t r o l s w i t c h e s a r e l o c a t e d on MDC-25. A
r e c o v e r y pickup c a b l e i s provided o n t h e c o m m a n d m o d u l e f o r r e t r i e v a l
by r e c o v e r y forces.
E a c h of t h e s e q u e n t i a l s y s t e m s e m p l o y redundant c i r c u i t s f o r
r e l i a b i l i t y . Seven b a t t e r i e s a r e p r o v i d e d in t h e s p a c e c r a f t t o f u r n i s h
e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r f o r t h e s p a c e c r a f t p o r t i o n of t h e s y s t e m s d u r i n g o p e r a -
tion. E n t r y b a t t e r i e s A, B, and C, and two p y r o b a t t e r i e s a r e l o c a t e d
in t h e c o m m a n d m o d u l e , and two S / M j e t t i s o n b a t t e r i e s a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e
s e r v i c e m o d u l e . E n t r y b a t t e r i e s A, B , and C a r e t h e only b a t t e r i e s t h a t
a r e r e c h a r g e a b l e d u r i n g t h e mission.
2.9.3. 1 Sequential E v e n t s C o n t r o l S y s t e m .
T h e SECS c o n s i s t s of two m a s t e r e v e n t s s e q u e n c e c o n t r o l l e r s
( M E S C ) , two e a r t h landing s e q u e n c e c o n t r o l l e r s ( E L S C ) , two c o m m a n d
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
ENTRY
BATTERY A BATTERY C BATTERY B
BATC
IOOA )I PWR (LEB-150)
I V
BATTERY BUS A
E D 5A ) I B A TSA1
MESC-
LOGIC
7 (MDC-25)
(MDC-25)
MESC-
A-BAT LOGIC
(MDC- B- BAT B
[MDC-
22)
22)
I!
b
MASTER EVENT
SEQ C O N T - I SEQ CONT- 2
SM-2A-75iE
S E Q U E N T I A L SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
m o d u l e r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m c o n t r o l l e r s ( C / M RCSC), a n d two s e r v i c e
m o d u l e j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r s (SMJC). The SMJC is l o c a t e d i n t h e s e r v i c e
m o d u l e . All o t h e r c o n t r o l l e r s a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e c o m m a n d m o d u l e . E a c h
c o n t r o l l e r c o n s i s t s of r e l a y s , t i m e r s , a n d o t h e r d e v i c e s t o provide a u t o -
m a t i c a n d s e m i a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l of the s y s t e m s .
Many o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e SECS a r e a c c o m p l i s h e d by p y r o t e c h n i c
d e v i c e s of v a r i o u s t y p e s . Apollo s t a n d a r d i n i t i a t o r s (ASI) a r e u s e d
SM2A-03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
b. C/M-RCS pres-
surizing valves
c. Circuit interrupters
d. C /M-S /M umbilical
guillotine
e. LE a n d P c m o t o r s
igniter cartridges
b. TWR j e t t i s o n m o t o r
igniter cartridges
P o s t l a n d i n g antenna Manual a c t u a t i o n of
deploy POS TLANDING -
DEPLOY switches 1
and 2 (MDC-25)
2 . 9. 3 . 1. 1 M a s t e r E v e n t s S e q u e n c e C o n t r o l l e r s (MESC).
AUTO AK)I(T 2
CROSSOMR
AUTO M O R T I
CROSSOVEL
L
TW
I I
B O O S T E R ENGINIS
CUTOFF (UCO)
C/M-S/M SE?
PYhJ CONTROL
C / M - I N SEI SWITCH
1
I
I * nM
I1.0JECOK)S
DELAY
I
c
(MDC-15)
M[X LOGIC ARM
SWITCH A IMDC-'255) LOCK w
UTTEKY POS
0.1 uc
L nm
DEUY
-
3
3
_J
3-
MONITOR
$1
T.D.
I.7SEC
1 nru DELAY
I
Figur
Mission
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
____---- M 4 S T E R EVENTS
1
$fOCfN€E CONTROLLER A
I
I I
I .o StC
I
I
I
h
Yj?
0.4 su
JETTISON
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
APEX COVER
JETT (SWITCH)
r----
I
I
r-- --1I
I
I M4STER
EVENTS
I
I -
I SEQUENCE II A 88
I
I
CONTROLLERA I
I
I LOGIC+
l p m
I
-swl’
I I I
I I
I I 1 PYROPWR
I I .,,,L
-
I I L
r
-
*I
II
1 7 A N D 18
0.4SECOND I c-
II 1 II -
I I r-----
I I - !PYRO PWR
I I
r
I I I
II MASTER II I
1 EVENrj I I LOGIC
I SEWEh’CE I lp? ~ BAR0
I ’ SWlTC
APEX COVER
J E l l (SWITCH)
ENTRY BATTERY B
., .
....*
i
I . -
r b
-
T I M € DELAY
3AND4
II
- -
14 SECONDS
I r - -- ia,m n (MA)()
10,oOO FT (MIN)
-
TIME DELAY
0ARO
SWITCH
BAR0
SWITCH 2
K I (4PDT) +- 1 AND2 I
1 t w
L I
J
J DROQJE DEPLOY WIN I
(SWITCH)
- (SW:
-
L
I
Fi
Mission
, .I ....*.
. , . . * '
.., .
SMZA-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
MAIN CHUTE
MAIN DEPLOY
RELEASE
(SWITCH)
-71
?TAR
4
1
DROCUE
MORTAR
N0.2 I ~
DROGUE
RELEASE
4
PILOT
CWTE NO. I
DEPLOY
t
-
T
PILOT
C W T E NO. 2
DEPLOY
t
PILOT
C W T E NO. 3
DEPLOY
4 -
,
MI\ IN
CHJTE
DISCONNECT
4
-t
t J 1) PCVB "I'
4
L --------------- ---------------------------1 I
! I
I
i I
1
t
.i 1 EARTH LANDING SEQUENCE CONTROLLER B
I I
J U 13 (4 PDT) LEGEND:
a
CROSSOVER LOGIC POWER
! I
18,ooO F l ( M U ) PCVB PYRO CONTINUITY - '
BARO
10,OOO
-
n (MIN)
BARO
VERIFICATION M3X
v
I 1
M I N DEPLOY - MAIN CHUTE
(SWITCH)
1
RELEASE
(SWITCH)
- J
SMU-742D
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
M i s s ion Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2 . 9 - 2 112.9-22
SMZA-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
a. Two h e l i u m i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s
b. Helium i n t e r c o n n e c t valve
c. Oxidizer i n t e r c o n n e c t valve
d. Two oxidizer o v e r b o a r d dump valves
a. Helium i n t e r c o n n e c t v a l v e
b. Two oxidizer tanks b y p a s s v a l v e s
c. Helium o v e r b o a r d d u m p valve
The t h r e e e n t r y b a t t e r i e s a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y connected to d - c m a i n
b u s e s A and B during a n LES a b o r t o r n o r m a l C / M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n , RCS
c o n t r o l i s t r a n s f e r r e d (S/M to C / M ) . (See f i g u r e 2. 9-9 f o r RCS c o n t r o l
s c h e m a t i c , ) The c o n t r o l l e r s inhibit a u t o m a t i c o x i d i z e r d u m p , h e l i u m
d u m p , and LES pitch c o n t r o l m o t o r firing- a u t o m a t i c a l l y a t 61 seconds
a f t e r lift-off. RCS p r o p e l l a n t b u r n and p u r g e m u s t be manually s e l e c t e d .
2. 9. 3. 1. 4 S e r v i c e Module J e t t i s o n C o n t r o l l e r s (SMJC).
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
s e v e r a n c e . The dual c o n t r o l l e r s a r e p o w e r e d by d u a l s e p a r a t i o n
b a t t e r i e s l o c a t e d i n t h e S I M . The b a t t e r i e s a r e not r e c h a r g e a b l e
during the mission.
2. 9. 3 . 1. 5 C / M - S / M Separation Mechanism.
The C I M - S / M s e p a r a t i o n m e c h a n i s m ( f i g u r e 2 . 9- 11) c o n s i s t s of
e l e c t r i c a l circuit i n t e r r u p t e r s , s h e a r compression pads, tension t i e s ,
l i n e a r - s h a p e d c h a r g e s , a n d a d u a l - b l a d e guillotine ( u m b i l i c a l s e v e r a n c e
d e v i c e ) . Redundant s y s t e m s (A and B) in the MESC p r o v i d e d u a l r e d u n -
d a n t c o m m a n d s to f i r e d u a l i n i t i a t o r s and c h a r g e s to e n s u r e sudden
c o m p l e t e t e n s i o n a n d u m b i l i c a l s e v e r a n c e with a d e q u a t e r e l i a b i l i t y .
P r i o r to u m b i l i c a l s e v e r a n c e , s e n s i t i v e c i r c u i t s in the u m b i l i c a l a r e
d e a d f a c e d by c i r c u i t i n t e r r u p t e r s . The s h e a r c o m p r e s s i o n p a d s a r e
d e s i g n e d f o r i n t e r f e r e n c e - f r e e s e p a r a t i o n a f t e r the tension t i e s a r e
s e v e r e d . A s e p a r a t i o n s i g n a l i s s e n t to d u a l r e d u n d a n t s e r v i c e module
j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r s which c o n t r o l the S / M a f t e r i t s e p a r a t e s f r o m the
C/M.
2 . 9. 3. 1 . 6 S p a c e c r a f t L E M A d a p t e r (SLA)S e p a r a t i o n M e c h a n i s m .
A c o m m a n d f o r CSM-SLA s e p a r a t i o n i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y s e n t to the
MESC when a SPS a b o r t i s m a n u a l l y i n i t i a t e d . A n A D A P T S E P switch
on MDC-5 m a y be u s e d a s a backup a n d f o r n o r m a l CSM-SLA s e p a r a t i o n
d u r i n g a n o r m a l m i s s i o n . S e p a r a t i o n of the a d a p t e r into four p a n e l s --
( f i g u r e 2 . 9-12) i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by a n e x p l o s i v e t r a i n . The e x p l o s i v e
t r a i n c o n s i s t s of 28 c h a r g e h o l d e r s , 2 i n i t i a t o r s and s h i e l d s , 8 p a n e l
t h r u s t e r s , 8 i n i t i a t o r p r e s s u r e c a r t r i d g e s , and a n u m b i l i c a l s e p a r a t i o n
s y s t e m . Redundant d e t o n a t o r a s s e m b l i e s f i r e d u a l l i n e s of m i l d d e t o -
nating f u s e ( M D F ) i n s t a l l e d between the a d a p t e r p a n e l s , top a n d b o t t o m ,
and between e a c h p a n e l . E i t h e r l i n e will s e v e r the s p l i c e p l a t e s between
the f o u r p a n e l s a n d a r o u n d both e n d s . C r o s s o v e r b o o s t e r s a r e u s e d in
the c h a r g e h o l d e r j o i n t s to e n s u r e t h a t both l i n e s a r e f i r i n g s i m u l t a n e -
o u s l y for c o m p l e t e r e l i a b i l i t y . The detonating l i n e s a r e continuous l e a d
s h e a t h s s u r r o u n d i n g an e x p l o s i v e c o r e which i s v i r g i n R D X , c l a s s G .
The m i l d detonating fuse s e p a r a t e s the a d a p t e r p a n e l s and f i r e s c a r -
t r i d g e s f o r the p a n e l t h r u s t e r s which open the f o u r p a n e l s . S i m u l t a n e -
o u s l y with t h i s o p e r a t i o n , u m b i l i c a l d i s c o n n e c t t a k e s p l a c e . F o u r
s p r i n g - l o a d e d r e e l s hold the p a n e l s in a 4 5 - d e g r e e open position. The
p a n e l s a r e . stopped in the open position by eight a t t e n u a t o r s that have
honeycomb c o r e s .
2.9.3.2 E m e r e e n c v Detection S v s t e m .
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
9
M T T E R Y BUSA
W
T 1
u b
MESC-
AARME-
I 1
A PNR UTA
U T B M
1m) ENTRY
p (LEE-150)
PYRO A
SEQ A
(LEE-150) y
OXIDIZER .
DUMP SIGNAL
PITCH CONTROL
(AUTO) '
I
K1
W
K4 ,
KS
K5
K4
::
K4
1. OXDWPAND
ISOLATION VALVES
SEPARATION SIGNAL-+
I
REACTION CONTROL I
SYSTEM-TRANS
SWITCH (MDC- 16) -+ . Ha DUMP
WIN BUS
I
I
'1
1 .
A
r 61 SE<
SEQ
Mission B a s i c Date l 2
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
lel 1 MESC-
AARMB-
PYROB 1.
---e---
TO ELSC PYRO Bus ----------
RCS PYRO Bus
MP AND
L--c--&
LES ABORT OR C/M-S/M
SEPARATION SIGNAL
OXIDIZER
-lI
I OX DUMP AND
- I O N WLVES DUMP SIGNAL
ISOLATION VALVES
PITCH CONTROL
RCONN ECT MOTOR FIRE ENABLE , He INTERCONNECT
CS JETS
PASS
CM PROP Jm-
PURGE SWITCH
(MDC-8)
POWER FROM C/M
STARTIiiqL9 K7
H
I
d ;
+
K6
I
I
*FUEL BYPASS
FUEL INTERCONNECT
AND 5 C/M RCS JETS
'1 Lg.4
I
K13
H
K12
I
E
. -
LIS
- - -SWITCH (EPS SYS "A")
;OR
N SYSTEM
1 MAIN B L 6
A - S/M I TIE-BAT M C
WITCH (MDC-22)
K3
M I N BUS TIE M070R
--J
DISCRETE
'I I
SWITCH (EPS S Y S 3")
I
NEGATIVE DC MAIN BUS
SM-U-814D
S E Q U E N T I A L SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
(MDC - 7)
SPS ABORT
From: D C M A I N
INPUT
BUS A -
From: DCMAIN- i
M A I N BUS A A I L
nus B +X
A1,4 S/M RCS
ULLAGE 7
JETS
FIRE
4
RO-TATION
CONTROL INPUTS
(ENABLED) ---- -1 PITCH AND
YAW INHIBIT
I scs 1
Fa
OR 24K' BAR0 SWITCH RCS
CLOSING DURING I
DESCENT
* w N
?--
(MDC-16)
S/M RCS
DIRECT COILS '
i
ENGINES)
- I
I
DIRECT COILS
ROTATION CONTROL
NO. 2 (DIRECT MANUAL
I I
CONTROL OF RCS
ENGINES)
, NOTE: System
System
A Shown
E Simulor
I
SYSTEMS DATA
RESET
-
FLY-AWAY
UMBILICAL
SEPARATION BATTERY A
-1
I
SEPARATION
SIGNAL
FROM MESC
r
I
ZlKlA
ZlKlA
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
TZIKZA I
I
f ZZKIA
-
t I
I
I
I
I
Z3K 1 A I
W~-TRANSLATION
CONTROL
CONTROL
F i g u r e 2. 9 - 10. S e r v i c e M o d u l e J e t t i s o n C o n t r o l l e r S c h e m a t l c
S E Q U E N T I A L SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
DETONATOR
AL GUILLOTINE
c C/M UMBILICAL
FAlRlNG
LINEAR SHPAED CHARGE
S/M UMBlLlCAL
FAIRING
'BRACKET
J SM-U-897A
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
Mission Basic Date 12 Nov 1 9 6 6 Change Date Page 2.9-2912.9-30
WaJ.,r>oUT FWAMt
SM2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
' ,
!I n
UMBILICAL
SEPARATION
@ PANEL THRUSTER
I NlTlATOR A N D
SHIELD
SM-ZA-895 A
F i g u r e 2 . 9- 12. Adapter S e p a r a t i o n M e c h a n i s m
-.-
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e L E S c o n s i s t s of two m a j o r a s s e m b l i e s ( f i g u r e 2 . 9 - 3 ) t h a t a r e
i n s t a l l e d on top of the c o m m a n d m o d u l e p r i o r to l a u n c h . The f i r s t
s t r u c t u r e i s a f o u r - l e g g e d , welded t u b u l a r t i t a n i u m t o w e r . The tower
i s a t t a c h e d to the c o m m a n d m o d u l e with f o u r f r a n g i b l e n u t s on s t u d s .
TWOd e t o n a t o r a s s e m b l i e s a r e i n s t a l l e d in e a c h n u t to b r e a k i t when
L E S t o w e r j e t t i s o n i s c o m m a n d e d . T h e second s t r u c t u r e i s c y l i n d r i c a l
in s h a p e topped b y the Q - b a l l , a n d h o u s e s the launch e s c a p e , t o w e r j e t t i -
s o n , a n d p i t c h c o n t r o l m o t o r s . A c a n a r d s u b s y s t e m i s i n s t a l l e d n e a r the
f o r w a r d e n d below the Q - b a l l .
2 . 9 . 3. 3. 1 LES Motors.
T h e c a n a r d s u b s y s t e m ( f i g u r e 2 . 9 - 3 ) c o n s i s t s of two deployable
s u r f a c e s f a i r e d into the o u t e r s k i n of the L E S below t h e Q - b a l l i n t e r f a c e .
E a c h s u r f a c e i s m o u n t e d on two h i n g e s a n d is o p e r a t e d open by a p y r o -
t e c h n i c t h r u s t e r with redundant g a s c a r t r i d g e s . The s u r f a c e s a r e
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 47 i n c h e s long, c l a m - s h e l l s h a p e d , a n d c o n s t r u c t e d of
double - s k i n r i b b e d i n c o n e l . T h e c a n a r d s u r f a c e s a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y
o p e n e d d u r i n g a L E S a b o r t a n d a e r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s a c t i n g o n the s u r -
f a c e s c o n t r o l a t u r n a r o u n d m a n e u v e r of t h e C / M . ( R e f e r to Abort
P r o c e d u r e s i n s e c t i o n 9. )
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
2.9. 3 . 4 E a r t h Landing S u b s y s t e m .
The tabulated d a t a s t a t e s t h e a u t o m a t i c e v e n t s t h a t n o r m a l l y
o c c u r in the ELS during d e s c e n t . Under c e r t a i n e n t r y conditions, the
apex c o v e r m a y be manually j e t t i s o n e d , and t h e drogue p a r a c h u t e s
m a n u a l l y deployed a t 45, 000 feet. R e f e r t o o p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s and
r e s t r i c t i o n s that follow the tabulated data.
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
~~ ~~
T i m e on Descent
Occurrence Altitude P a r a c hu t e s Velocity
TWO D R O G U E PARACHUTES
O N E DROGUE PARACHUTE
Touchdown ( 3 m a i n 5 minutes 28 f t / s e c
parachutes .
Touchdown ( 2 m a i n 4. 2 m i n u t e s 33. 5 f t / s e c
parachutes)
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 9 . 4. 1 Power Requirements.
ENTRY E N V E L O P E
50
40
c
U
I 30
W
0
2
c
-1
4:
20
10
n
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.9
wcn NUMBER SM-2A-096
F i g u r e 2 . 9 - 13. D r o g u e P a r a c h u t e D e p l o y m e n t D e s i g n Envelope
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
2.9.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS.
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
BS 0 0 3 8 X E n g i n e No. 5 o u t A Event
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2.10
2.10.1 INTRODUCTION.
T h e C&WS m o n i t o r s c r i t i c a l p a r a m e t e r s of m o s t S I C s y s t e m s in the
C / M a n d S / M . When a malfunction o r o u t - o f - t o l e r a n c e condition o c c u r s in
a n y of t h e s e s y s t e m s , the c r e w is i m m e d i a t e l y a l e r t e d in o r d e r that c o r -
r e c t i v e action m a y be taken.
SYSTEMS DATA
s t a t u s l i g h t s , but r e q u i r e l e v e l d e t e c t o r s t o a c t i v a t e the m a s t e r a l a r m c i r -
cuit. E a c h of the f o u r r e m a i n i n g e v e n t s i g n a l s to s e t to a n O R g a t e , which
i s a l s o f e d b y two a n a l o g s i g n a l s . T h e r e s u l t i n g output will a c t i v a t e l a m p
d r i v e r s a n d t h e m a s t e r a l a r m c i r c u i t . One o t h e r event s i g n a l , o r i g i n a t i n g
within t h e d e t e c t i o n unit d i r e c t l y , i l l u m i n a t e s the CAUT/WARN F A I L light,
o u t a c t i v a t e s only the MASTER ALARM l i g h t s of t h e MASTER ALARLM
circuit.
T h e m a s t e r alarm c i r c u i t a l e r t s c r e w m e m b e r s whenever a b n o r m a l
conditions a r e d e t e c t e d . T h i s i s a c c o m p l i s h e d v i s u a l l y by the illumination
of r e m o t e iMASTER ALARM s w i t c h - l i g h t s on M D C - 3 and -18, and the
iMASTER ALARM light on L E B - 1 0 3 . An a u d i o a l a r m tone, s e n t to the t h r e e
h e a d s e t s , a u r a l l y a l e r t s the c r e w , r e g a r d l e s s of w h e t h e r the t e l e c o m s y s t e m
is a c t i v a t e d . T h e output s i g n a l of the tone g e n e r a t o r i s a s q u a r e wave that
i s a l t e r n a t e l y 750 c p s a n d 2000 c p s , changing at a f r e q u e n c y of 2. 5 c p s .
Although t h e tone i s a u d i b l e a b o v e t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n l e v e l , it d o e s not r e n d e r
n o r m a l c o n v e r s a t i o n i n d i s t i n c t o r g a r b l e d . When the c r e w h a s noted the
a b n o r m a l condition, t h e t h r e e a l a r m l i g h t s and the tone g e n e r a t o r a r e
d e a c t i v a t e d a n d r e s e t by p r e s s i n g e i t h e r MASTER !iLARlM s w i t c h - l i g h t , both
of which i n c o r p o r a t e a p u s h - s w i t c h . T h i s a c t i o n l e a v e s t h e s y s t e m s s t a t u s
l i g h t s i l l u m i n a t e d , a n d r e s e t s t h e m a s t e r a l a r m c i r c u i t f o r a l e r t i n g the cre\v
t o t h e next a b n o r m a l condition. T h e individual s y s t e m s t a t u s l i g h t s will
remain i l l u m i n a t e d u n t i l the m a l f u n c t i o n o r o u t - o f - t o l e r a n c e condition i s
corrected.
T h e C & W S p o w e r s u p p l i e s i n c l u d e s e n s i n g a n d switching c i r c u i t r y t h a t
a s s u r e unit s e l f - p r o t e c t i o n should high-input c u r r e n t , o r high- o r low-
output voltage o c c u r . Any of t h e s e conditions will c a u s e the i l l u m i n a t i o n of
t h e m a s t e r alarm l i g h t s a n d t h e CAUT-WARN F A I L s y s t e m s s t a t u s light,
T h e tone g e n e r a t o r , h o w e v e r , w i l l not b e a c t i v a t e d due t o r e q u i r i n g the
1 2 - v o l t output f r o m t h e m a l f u n c t i o n e d p o w e r supply f o r i t s o p e r a t i o n . T h e
c r e w m u s t t h e n m a n u a l l y s e l e c t the r e d u n d a n t p o w e r supply to r e t u r n the
C&WS t o o p e r a t i o n . I n s o doing, the CAUT/WARN F A I L s t a t u s light i s
e x t i n g u i s h e d , , but t h e m a s t e r alarm c i r c u i t is a c t i v a t e d , thus r e q u i r i n g i t to
be reset.
I n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e C & W S i s t h e capability to t e s t t h e l a m p s of s y s -
t e m s s t a t u s a n d m a s t e r alarm l i g h t s , P o s i t i o n 1 of the L A M P T E S T sw4tch
(.MDC-23) c o n t r o l s the i l l u m i n a t i o n of s t a t u s l i g h t s on MDC-10 and the
M A S T E R ALARM s w i t c h - l i g h t s on IMDC-3 a n d IMDC-18. P o s i t i o n 2 t e s t s
only t h e s t a t u s l i g h t s on iMDC-11. T h e r e m a i n i n g iMASTER ALARM light
i s on L E B - 1 0 3 , a n d is t e s t e d along with the nine G & N condition lights on
t h a t p a n e l by p r e s s i n g t h e CHECK CONDITION LAMPS p u s h - s w i t c h on
L E B - 1 0 5 . Although t h e s e nine l i g h t s a r e not p a r t of the C&WS, all but t h r e e
of t h e m (PGNS, Z E R O ENCODER, a n d IiMU DISPLAY) a r e d u p l i c a t e d on
Ll DC - 10.
S w i t c h e s on t h e .MDC e n a b l e the c r e w to s e l e c t CSrlVS o p e r a t i o n a l
m o d e s . T h e Tosition of t h e MODE s w i t c h (MDC-11) e s t a b l i s h e s the S / C
s y s t e m s to b e m o n i t o r e d . B e f o r e s e p a r a t i o n a n d e n t r y , s y s t e m s in both the
C / M a n d S / M a r e m o n i t o r e d f o r m a l f u n c t i o n or o u t - o f - t o l e r a n c e conditions.
A f t e r CSlM s e p a r a t i o n , h o w e v e r , only t h o s e s y s t e m s in the C/.M a r e m o n i -
t o r e d . R e p o s i t i o n i n g the s w i t c h a l s o p r e v e n t s S / M s y s t e m s s t a t u s lights
and event indicators from remaining activated after separation.
T h e C / W s w i t c h (MDC-13) p e r m i t s t h r e e m o d e s of s t a t u s and a l a r m
light illumination. F o r m o s t of t h e m i s s i o n t h e s w i t c h i s s e t to the
NORMAL p o s i t i o n to give n o r m a l C&WS l i g h t o p e r a t i o n ; t h a t i s , upon r e c e i p t
of a b n o r m a l condition s i g n a l s , all s y s t e m s s t a t u s lights a n d m a s t e r a l a r m
SYSTEMS DATA
l i g h t s a r e c a p a b l e of illumination. During t h e a s c e n t p h a s e t h e s w i t c h i s s e t
t o t h e BOOST p o s i t i o n , s o t h a t although a l l o t h e r C&WS lights o p e r a t e n o r -
m a l l y , t h e MASTER ALARM s w i t c h - l i g h t o n MDC-3 will not i l l u m i n a t e .
T h i s p r e v e n t s p o s s i b l e confusion on MDC-3 between t h e r e d MASTER
ALARM light a n d t h e a d j a c e n t r e d ABORT light. T h e ACK s w i t c h p o s i t i o n
i s s e l e c t e d when t h e c r e w d e s i r e s t o a d a p t t h e i r e y e s t o o r b i t a l d a r k n e s s , o r
i f a continuously i l l u m i n a t e d s y s t e m s s t a t u s light is u n d e s i r a b l e . While in
t h i s m o d e , i n c o m i n g s i g n a l s will a c t i v a t e only t h e m a s t e r a l a r m l i g h t s a n d
t h e t o n e g e n e r a t o r . T o d e t e r m i n e t h e a b n o r m a l condition, t h e c r e w m u s t
p r e s s e i t h e r MASTER ALARM switch-light. T h i s i l l u m i n a t e s t h e a p p l i c a b l e
s y s t e m s s t a t u s l i g h t , a n d d e a c t i v a t e s a n d r e s e t s t h e master a l a r m c i r c u i t .
T h e s y s t e m s s t a t u s light w i l l r e m a i n i l l u m i n a t e d only as long as t h e s w i t c h -
light is p r e s s e d . H o w e v e r , it m a y b e r e c a l l e d as long as t h e a b n o r m a l
condition e x i s t s b y a g a i n p r e s s i n g e i t h e r switch-light.
2. 10.3. 1 E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r Distribution.
2. 1 0 . 4 1 C&WS P o w e r C o n s u m p t i o n Data.
With t h e C / W s w i t c h i n t h e BOOST p o s i t i o n d u r i n g a s c e n t , t h e
MASTER ALARM s w i t c h - l i g h t o n MDC-3 w i l l not i l l u m i n a t e s h o u l d a m a l -
function o c c u r . T h e m a s t e r a l a r m c i r c u i t r e s e t c a p a b i l i t y of t h e light i s
a l s o d i s a b l e d d u r i n g t h i s t i m e . T h i s r e q u i r e s t h e MASTER ALARM s w i t c h -
light o n MDC-18 t o b e u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y f o r m o n i t o r i n g a n d r e s e t t i n g
functions.
SYSTEMS DATA
DETECTION UNIT
1
+12 VDC
POWER
SUPPLY
I
-12 VDC NO. 1
I , NO. 2 CAUT/WARN
MN A
(MDC-25)
U
MASTER
I
L1-----J
I- (LEB- 103)
I - C m LAM;’
TEST
ICA
I
STER ALAR C N
(MDC-13)
t
I event
t
To: S/M
chonnalr
(4) for
ACK mode
To:
event
M
chonnlr
(1 I ) for
ACK mode
To: S/M
event
indiwton
(5)
F i g u r e 2. 10-1. C&WS P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n D i a g r a m
- SYSTEMS DATA
T h e CAUTIWARN-MODE s w i t c h m u s t b e i n t h e CSM p o s i t i o n i n
o r d e r t o conduct a l a m p t e s t of t h o s e s t a t u s l i g h t s a s s o c i a t e d with S / M s y s -
t e m s . T h e s t a t u s l i g h t s of C / M s y s t e m s m a y b e t e s t e d with t h e MODE
s w i t c h i n e i t h e r position. C i r c u i t d e s i g n a l s o p e r m i t s a c o m p l e t e l a m p t e s t
t o be c o n d u c t e d with t h e C / W s w i t c h in t h e ACK position.
N o r m a l l y , e a c h a b n o r m a l condition s i g n a l w i l l a c t i v a t e t h e C&WS
master a l a r m c i r c u i t a n d t o n e g e n e r a t o r , a n d i l l u m i n a t e a n a p p l i c a b l e s y s -
t e m s s t a t u s light. T h e one e x c e p t i o n t o t h i s c o n c e p t is w h e n t h e C&WS
p o w e r supply f a i l s . T h e v i s u a l i n d i c a t o r s w i l l function, but not t h e t o n e
g e n e r a t o r p o r t i o n of t h e m a s t e r a l a r m c i r c u i t . T h i s i s d u e to t h e tone
g e n e r a t o r r e q u i r i n g t h e t l 2 a n d -12 d - c v o l t a g e output of t h e f a i l e d p o w e r
s u p p l y f o r its o p e r a t i o n .
2. 10. 5. 2 S y s t e m S t a t u s L i g h t Data.
SYSTEMS DATA
~~~
TLM SI c
Status L i g h t L a m p T r i g g e r Value Code No. Other Indication 'Mode Remarks
SYSTEMS DATA
~~
TLM SI c
Status Light L a m p T r i g g e r Value C o d e No. Other Indication Mode Remarks
-
O2 PRESS 1. Tank 1 <800 psia SFOO37P TANK PRESSURE-02- 1 S/M
2. Tank 1 >950 psia indicator
3. Tank 2<800 psia SF0038P TANK PRESSURE-02-2
4. Tank 2 >950 p s i a indicator
SYSTEMS DATA
~~ ~~ -
TLM s/c
Status Light L a m p T r i g g e r Value C o d e No. O t h e r Indication Mode Remarks
~ ~ ~
--
SYSTEMS DATA
TLM SI c
Status Light L a m p T r i g g e r Value Code No. O t h e r Indication Mode Remarks
C O z PP HI At 7 . 6 mm Hg C F O O O 5P P A R T P R E S S CO2 CIM
indicator
-
C A U T I O N AND WARNING S Y S T E M
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 10.6 T E L E M E T R Y MEASUREMENTS
Measurement
Numb e r I Description I S e n s o r Range I C r e w Display
cso15ox I M a s t e r caution-warning on
I Off/on event
I MASTER ALARM lights
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2.11
2.11.1 INTRODUCTION.
Miscellaneous s y s t e m s d a t a p e r t a i n s to i t e m s t h a t w e r e not c o v e r e d in
a p r e v i o u s s y s t e m . T h e s e i t e m s c o n s i s t of c l o c k s , t i m e r s ; a c c e l e r o m e t e r s
( G - m e t e r ) , i n t e r i o r lighting, etc.
2.11.2 CLOCKS.
SYSTEMS DATA
2. 1 1 . 5 . 1 Functional Description.
2. 11. 6. 1 Functional D e s c r i p t i o n .
_-
MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS DATA
page 2 . 1 1 - 2
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date
SM2A-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
S Y S T E M S DATA
Y
0
x
k
3i
I
t
k
0
MISCELLANEOUS S Y S T E M S DATA
Mission B a s i c D a t e 12 Nov 1966 Change Date page 2.11-3
SMZA- 03 -SCOl2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
(MDC-26)
I-LIGHTING-I
-FLOODS1
SM-ZA-820A
S Y S T E M S DATA
f
+)52-:::: E LS
LOGIC A
FILL ------
To:
FLOAl
BAG
70::
TO:
FLOAT
BAG
-31-
iv -
OFF I I
To:
FLOAT
BAG
OUT-
I LET I LET LET
I I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I - - _ _
I NORMCLOSED I PRESS FILL
NORMCLOSED I PRESS FILL
NORMCLOSED
BATTERY BATTERY
BUS B
COMPRESSOR
CONTROL
COMP N O . 2
RELAYS
(RHEB-205) (RHEB- 205)
COMPRESSOR
NO.l '
L
0,? -
l1
COMPRESSOR =
NO. 2
M I S C E L L A N E O U S S Y S T E M S DATA .
Mission B a s i c Date 1 1 I'Jov 1966 Change Date Page 2.11-5
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 3
-_
CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 3-1
SM2A-03 -SCOl2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
o p e r a t i o n s d u r i n g a l l p h a s e s of the s p a c e c r a f t
mission. This information is monitored a t
MSFN s t a t i o n s f o r s p a c e c r a f t m a n a g e m e n t
f r o m the ground by u s e of voice o r c o m m a n d
links. M e a s u r e m e n t n u m b e r s a r e e n t e r e d
only f o r displayed m e a s u r e m e n t s . Those f o r
undisplayed m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e included in the
t e l e m e t r y m e a s u r e m e n t s table f o r the
a p p r o p r i a t e s y s t e m in s e c t i o n 2 of this
handbook.
The n u m b e r c o n s i s t s of s e v e n c h a r a c t e r s ;
two l e t t e r s followed by four n u m b e r s and one
letter. An e x a m p l e is a s follows:
9099 S
F u n c t i o n a l s y s t e m code l e t t e r
Discrete number
Measurement classification
I
I
a. The f i r s t l e t t e r d e s i g n a t e s the module in which the m e a s u r e m e n t
o r i g i n a t e s . Module code l e t t e r s a r e a s follows:
A Adapter L Launch e s c a p e t o w e r
B Booster ' S S e r v i c e module
C C o m m a n d module
A Structures J Life s y s t e m s
C E l e c t r i c a l power K F l i g h t technology
D Launch e s c a p e P Propulsion
E E a r t h landing R Reaction control
F Enviro'nmental c o n t r o l S Crew safety
G Guidance a n d navigation T T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and
H Stabilization a n d c o n t r o l instrumentation
c. C h a r a c t e r s t h r e e through s i x a r e n u m e r a l s c o m p r i s i n g a n u m b e r
which i s a s s i g n e d to a p a r t i c u l a r m e a s u r e m e n t point. T h e s e n u m b e r s a r e
l i s t e d sequentially o r a r e grouped f o r c l a r i t y within e a c h s y s t e m .
d. The s e v e n t h l e t t e r d e n o t e s m e a s u r e m e n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . Classifi-
c a t i o n code l e t t e r s a r e a s follows:
A Acceleration N Camera
B Phase P Pressure
C Current Q Quantity
D Vibration R Rate
E Power S Strain
F Frequency T Temperature
G Force V Voltage
H Position W Time
J Biomedical X Discrete event
K Radiation Y Acoustical
L Velcotiy Z pH - a c i d i t y
M Mass
MDC m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e ( p a n e l s 1 t h r u 26)
LEB loxrer equipment b a y ( p a n e l s 100 t h r u 107, 1 2 0 , 1 5 0 )
LHEB l e f t hand equipment bay ( p a n e l s 307 t h r u 317 and 319)
LHFEB l e f t hand f o r w a r d e q u i p m e n t bay ( p a n e l s 300 t h r u 306 and 318)
RHEB r i g h t hand e q u i p m e n t b a y ( p a n e l s 201 t h r u 2 0 6 )
RHFEB r i g h t hand f o r w a r d e q u i p m e n t bay ( p a n e l s 2 0 0 and 2 0 7 )
T h e c o n t r o l s / d i s p l a y s l o c a t o r index i s s u b - d i v i d e d a s follows:
Page
Guidance and Navigation 3 -5
S t a b i l i z a t i o n and C o n t r o l 3-7
Service Propulsion System 3 -9
Reaction Control 3-11
Electrical Power 3-13
Sequential S y s t e m s (ELS, LES, EDS, SECS) 3-17
T el e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s 3-18
Environmental Control 3-20
Page
CONTROLS A N D D I S P L A Y S
AGAP T E M P W a r n It MDC-10
ATTDEADBAND sw MDC-8
ATT SET sw MDC - 6
ATTITUDE IMPULSE-ENABLE sw LEB-105
ATTLTUDE /MONITOR/ENTRY sw MDC-8
A T T I T U D E S E T - R O L L , P I T C H , YAW Thumbwheel (3) MDC-6
A T T I T U D E S E T - R O L L , P I T C H , YAW k.ld (3) MDC-6
BMAG POWER sw MDC-24
C/W-NORMAL/BOOST/ACK sw MDC-13
CAUT/WARN-MNA, MNB CB ( 2 ) MDC -2 5
CAUTION /WARNING -MODE sw MDC- 1 1
DLRECT RCS sw MDC-8
D I R E C T ULLAGE sw MDC-7
F C S M AUTO/OVERRJ.DE sw MDC-2
FCSM ON/RESET sw MDC-2
FDAI Ind MDC-4
F D A I ALIGN sw MDC-6
F D A I BRIGHTNESS Control MDC-2
FDAI LTG sw MDC-25
FDAI S E L F TEST sw MDC-2
. 0 5 G ENTRY sw MDC - 8
GIMBAL POSITION Ind MDC-6
G&N/SCS SW' MDC-8
G & N SYNC sw MDC-25
L C L VERT sw MDC-8
LIMIT C Y C L E sw MDC-8
MASTER E V E N T SEQ CONT-A LOGIC B- CB ( 2 ) MDC-22
BAT A, BAT B
N O R M A L / O F F / D I R E C T ON sw MDC-7
P A R T I A L SCS POWER sw MDC-24
R A T E GYRO POWER sw MDC-24
R A T E GYRO-ROLL, PITCH, YAW s w (3) MDC-8
REACTION CONTROL SYS-TRANS sw MDC- 16
R o t a t i o n a l C o n t r o l l e r s (not p l a c a r d e d ) C o n t r o l s (2) LH couch, R H a r m -
r e s t , RH couch,
LH a r m r e s t
ROTATION CONTROL POWER sw - 24
SCS CHANNEL-A&C R O L L , B & D R O L L , s w (4) MDC-8
PITCH, YAW
STABILIZATION & CONTROL SYSTEM- CB (18) MDC-25
A & C ROLL-MNA, MNB
B & D ROLL-MNA, MNB
D I R E C T CONT-MNA, MNB
G R O U P 1-AC1, AC2
G R O U P 1-MNA, MNB
G R O U P 2 - A C l , AC2
G R O U P 2-MNA, MNB
-
STABILIZATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM- ;ONTROLS/DISPLAYS LOCATOR INDEX
Mission B a s i c D a t e 12 NOV1966 Change Date Page 3-7
SMZA-03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
THRUST ON sw MDC-7
Translational Controllers (not placarded) Control (2) LH couch,
LH a r m r e s t
TVC 1 POWER sw MDC-24
TVG 2 POWER sw MDC-24
AV sw MDC-8
AV REMAINING Ind MDC-7
AV S E T sw MDC-7
YAW, PITCH Thumbwheel ( 2 ) MDC-6
--
- .
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM-CONTROLS/DISPLAYS LOCATOR INDEX
A C BUS 1 F A I L Lt MDC- 11
AC BUS 2 F A I L Lt MDC- 11
AC BUS 1 OVERLOAD Lt MDC- 11
AC BUS 2 OVERLOAD Lt MDC- 11
AC INDICATORS sw MDC- 18
AC INVERTER-AC BUS 1 - R E S E T sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER-AC BUS 2-RESET sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER-1 sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER- 1 -AC BUS 1 sw MDC- 18
AC INVERTER-1-AC BUS 2 sw MDC - 18
A C INVERTER-2 sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER-2-AC BUS 1 sw MDC- 18
AC INVERTER-2-AC BUS 2 sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER-3 sw MDC- 18
AC INVERTER-3-AC BUS 1 sw MDC- 18
A C INVERTER-3-AC BUS 2 sw MDC- 18
A C SNSR SIC-AC1 CB MDC- 25
A C SNSR SIC-AC2 CB MDC - 25
A C VOLTS Meter MDC- 18
BAT A PWR-ENTRY CB LEB-150
BAT B PWR-ENTRY CB LEB-150
BAT CHGR sw MDC- 22
BATCHGR-BATC CB LEB-150
BAT C PWR-POSTLANDING ENTRY CB L E B - 150
BAT RLY BUS-BAT A CB MDC-22
BAT R L Y BUS-BAT B CB MDC-22
BATTERY CHARGER sw MDC- 18
BATTERY CHARGER-AC P W R CB MDC- 22
BATTERYCHARGER-BATACHGE CB MDC- 22
BATTERY CHARGER-BAT B CHGE CB MDC- 22
BATTERY CHARGER-MNA CB MDC-22
BATTERY CHARGER- MNB CB MDC- 22
CRYOGENIC SYSTEM-QTY AMPL-AC 1-PC CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC SYSTEM-QTY AMPL-AC 2-0C CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC SYSTEM-TANK HEATERS-H2 CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC SYSTEM- TANK HEATERS -0 2 CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS-AC 1-PA CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS-AC 1-PB CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS-AC 1-PC CB MDC- 22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS-AC 2-PA CB MDC-22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTORS-AC 2-PB CB MDC- 22
CRYOGENIC TANK FAN MOTOkS-AC 2-PC CB MDC-22
DC AMPS Meter MDC- 18
DC INDICATORS sw MDC- 18
DC SNSR SIC-MNA CB MDC-22
DC SNSR SIC-MNB CB MDC-22
DC VOLTS Meter MDC- 18
-
E L E C T R I C A L POWER SYSTEM-CONTROLS/DISPLAYS LOCATOR INDEX
3- 13
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A-03 -SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
F U E L C E L L PUMP-1 sw MDC-22
F U E L C E L L PUMP-2 sw MDC-22
F U E L C E L L PUMP-3 sw MDC-22
FUNCTION S E L E C T sw RHFEB-200
H2 FANS-1 sw MDC- 13
H2 FANS-2 sw MDC- 13
H2 HEATERS- 1 sw MDC-13
H2 HEATERS-2 sw MDC- 13
H2 PRESS Lt MDC-10
INVERTER CONTROL- 1 CB MDC-22
INVERTER CONTROL- 2 CB MDC-22
INVERTER CONTROL-3 CB MDC-22
INVERTER PWR-NO. 1 MNA CB RHEB -203
INVERTER PWR-NO. 2 MNB CB RHEB- 203
INVERTER PWR-NO. 3 MNA CB RHEB -203
INVERTER PWR-NO. 3 MNB CB RHEB - 203
I N V 1 T E M P HI Lt MDC- 11
INV 2 T E M P HI Lt MDC- 11
INV 3 T E M P HI LT MDC- 11
U I N A-BAT BUS A CB RHEB - 20 3
MAIN A-BAT C CB RHEB -203
MAIN B-BAT BUS B CB RHEB -203
MAIN B-BAT C CB RHEB - 20 3
MAIN BUS TIE-BAT A & C sw MDC-22
MAIN BUS TIE-BAT B&C sw MDC-22
MN BUS A UNDERVOLT Lt MDC- 11
MN BUS B UNDERVOLT Lt MDC- 11
NON ESS BUS sw MDC - 22
0 2 FANS-1 sw MDC- 13
0 2 FANS-2 sw MDC-13
0 2 HEATERS-1 sw MDC- 13
0 2 HEATERS-2 sw MDC- 13
0 2 PRESS Lt MDC- 10
pH H I Ind MDC- 18
POST LDG-BAT BUS A CB RHEB - 2 0 3
POST LDG-BAT BUS B CB R HEB - 2 0 3
POST LDG-BAT C CB RHEB -203
POST LDG-MAIN A CB RHEB -203
POST LDG-MAIN B CB RHEB-203
REG OUT PRESS HI-H2 Ind MDC- 18
R E G OUT PRESS HI-NZ Ind MDC- 18
R E G OUT PRESS HI-02 Ind MDC- 18
SNSR UNIT-AC BUS-1 CB MDC-21
SNSR UNIT-AC BUS-2 CB MDC-21
SNSR UNIT-DC BUS-A CB MDC-21
SNSR UNIT-DC BUS-B CB MDC-21
E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R SYSTEM-CONTROLS/DISPLAYS L O C A T O R INDEX
3-16
Mission B a s i c D a t e 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page a
S-M2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
...
TELECOMMUNICATIONS-PCM T L M AC CB MDC-22
TELECOMMUNICATIONS -SIC COND S- BAND CB MDC-22
P A AC
T L M INPUTS -BIOMED sw MDC - 20
T L M INPUTS-PCM sw MDC 20 -
U P DATA sw MDC 20 -
U P TLM CMD sw MDC- 19
VHF-AM sw MDC-13, -23, -26
VHF-AM RCVR sw MDC 20 -
VHF-AM SQUELCH Control MDC- 20
VHF-AM- T / R / REC sw MDC- 20
VHF-ANTENNA sw MDC-20
VHF-FM sw MDC-20
VOICE RECORD Indicator MDC- 19
VOLUME Control MDC-13, - 2 3 , -26
VOX SENS C ont r o l MDC-13, -23, -26
-
TELECOMMUNICATIONS-CONTROLS/DISPLAYS LOCATOR INDEX.
3-19
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 - C h a n g e Date Page
SM2A-03 -SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
C o n t r o l/ D i s p l a y N a m e Panel Locator
S C I E N T I F I C EXPERIMENTS-CONTROLS/DISPLAYS L O C A T O R INDEX
S C I E N E Q U I P SEB 1 CB MDC-22
SCLEN E Q U I P S E B 2 CB MDC-22
I N S T R U M E N T S -SCIEN ( n o t used) CB MDC-22
SCLEN E Q U I P H A T C H CB MDC-22
S C I E N T I F I C E X P E R I M E N T S - C O N T R O L S / DISPLAYS L O C A T O R INDEX
Mission B a s i c D a t e 1 2 Nov 1966 C h a n g e D a t e P a g e 3-25
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SMZA- 0 3 -SCO12
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Mission Basic Date - 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 3-50
SMZA - 0 3 -SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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12 N o v 1966 Change Date page 3-56Al3-5bB
B a s i c Date
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SMZA-03-SCOl2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SM2A-03-SC01.Z
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CONTROLS A N D DISPLAYS
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APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SM2A-O 3 -SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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APOLLO O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
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SM2A-03 -SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SMZA- 03-SCOI 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CONTROLS A N D DISPLAYS
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SMZA-03-SCOl2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SMZA-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
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ANT. NO. 2
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INDEX
MDC I I
PANEL CONTROL OR DISPLAY s\
NO.
I: 1
2
IALTIMETER
FDA1
LONG ACCEL
Ix St
M
FCSM group S?
3 L/V AOA/SPS Pc n* SP
3 AOA/SPS Pc indicator meter S?
3 ABORT light SE
3 M A S T E R ALARM light C6
3 sps Woup SP
4 FDA1
5 A l l controls 6 d i p l a p
6 All controls 6 d i p l a p
7 A l l controls 6 dirplop
Mission
.- - ., . . . . . . . .~
I . . . .:'
SMZA-03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK !
&
INDEX
-- MDC
IN D M
-
MDC
IN D M
CONTROL OR DISPLAY
4LTIMETER
--
SYSTEM PANE
NO.
8
8
PANE1
-
NO.
22
22
CONTRCX OR DISPLAY
G 6 N LIGHTING
TELCOM govp
-G6N
T/C
FDA1
22 TELECOMMUNlCATlONS garp T/C
LONG ACCEL MASTER EVENT SEQ C O N 1 grwp
22 StO
'CSM W a r p GUIDANCE 6 NAVIGATION c a r p
a 22 GIN
-fl AOA/SPS Pc II SPS, SEQ 22 -
1 CRYOGENIC SYS TANK F A N EPS
J'V AOA/SPS P, i d i c a t r r m t e r
ABORT l i ~ h t
SPS, SEO
9
MOTORS 2 -
10 22 CRYOGENIC SYSTEM group EPS
MASTER ALARM light C6W ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL ECS
22
5ps wwp SYSTEM W a r p 1
iDAl xs 22 INSTRUMENTS-ESS ~ o u p ECS
111 controls 6 d i p l o p SEQ 22 INSTRUMENTS-NONESS WS EPS
411 controls 6 d i p l a p
22 INSTRUMENTS-NONESS T/C
g
A l l controls 6 diplayr INSTRUMENTS-PAM XMTR NONESS
22 T/C
22 INSTRUMENTS-SCIEN EXP
22 GAS ANAL ECS
11 23 AREA A MIX
23 AREA B C6W
23 AREA C T/C
24 AREA A SE 0
EPS 24 AREA B SCS
24 DIRECT 0 2 ECS
25 POSTUNDING F LOA1 M G 1 PL WS MIX
b POSTLANDING FLOAT M G 1, 2 6
I1 CAUT /WARN C6W 3 switch
11 DIGITAL EVENT TIMER SEQ 25 >OSTUNDING VENT F A N PL BUS CS, MIS(
12 A l l cmhols 6 d i p l o p except RCS :LOAT BAG 2
MISSION ELAPSED TIME 25 POSTLANDING VENT F A N HIGH LOW
12 MISSION ELAPSED TIME MlSC OFF ECS
>OS1LANDING-VENT F A N warp
I3
13
Area A
Area B
C6 W
TK
25
25
-
a S T LANDING ANTENNA
ECS
T/C
13 Area C E PS XPLOY coup
13 Area D ECS 25 $4EX LOGIC ARM ALB SE0
I
14 A l l controls 6 display GIN 25 :VENT TIMER warp SEQ
15 All controls 6 d i p l o p except C/M-S/M RCS :OUCH ATTEN 6 FLOQDLIGHTS MIX
SEP FOUP 6 H2 PURGE LlNE HTRS 25 STABILIUTION & CONTROL SYSTEM xs
I5 C/M-S/M SEP FW SEQ 25 Povp
15 H2 PURGE LINE HTRS €6 )IO MED C O W warp T/C
16 ABORT SYSTEM FW6 E L S AUTO SEO 25 SRVICE PROPULSION SYSTEM warp S?S
SEO 25 X N SYNC G6N
I 16
16
18
MAIN CHUTE RELEASE
REACTION CONTROL MS FOup
A l l controls 6 d i p k p axcept
RCS
EPS
25
25
25
iPS G A U G I N G
\C SNSR SIG p v
tEACTION CONTROL SYS warp
SPS
€6
MASTER ALARM L I G M RCS
MASTER ALARM LIGHT C6W 25 SAUT/WARN C6W
18
EPS 25 iDS poup SEO
I9 F/C VALVES
25 is FoUp
I9 S - M N D ANT., W T l M CMD, FLIGHT T/C
25
PQ
QUAL RCDR and VOICE RECORD 4REA A MIX
19 ECS, U D O U l TEMP ECS 26 UEA B SEO
19 SPS LINE HTR SPS 26 UEA C except C M RCS Ha DUMP rK
20 AREA A TK 26 M RCS H.DUMP RCS
20 AREA n SPS
21 RCS HEATERS p ~ ~ p SM-RCS
21 S N S R UNIT F w p EPS
21 ECS RADIATOR weup ECS
21 CABIN AIR FAN wow ECS
21 POT HS HEATER ECS
21 ECS GLYCOL ECS
21 SUIT COMPRESSOI ECS
22 A l l controls on top row EPS
22 Ecs FOUP ECS
22 XlEN E Q U I P HATCH EXP
21 MAIN WS TIE warp EPS
22 MT CHGR and NONESS WS EPS
22 DC SNSR SIG warp EPS
22
22
C E M M L TIMING SYS FOUP
XIEN EQUIP G -
21
-
22
M T RLY WS p u p
M l l E R Y CHARGER l a u p
-
EPS
EPS SM-U-672J
ULQQUXW
I
E
7
CABIN AIR
CONTROL I
CREWMbrN
ELECTRICAL
UMBl LI CA L
CONNECTOR -
/ RH COUCH
CONTROL
LEVER COMROL
/ CENTER COUCH
LH CREWM4N
ELECTRICAL
' 301 UMBILICAL
CONNECTOR
0
- CONTROL
LEVER
LH COUCH
0
Q
ll
CMT
I LHFEB I N D M
PANEL
PANEL NAME AND 9
No.
I
LH UTILITY PLUG 304 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SHb
(UNDERSIDE OF FWD EQUIPMI
304 300,301,302. SUIT CONNECTOR PANEL (3)(
305 F O O D PREPARATIONWATER SU
t.'OLDOUII: FRAME
2-
-
LH WD EQUl PMENT BAY
(LHFEB)
I LH EQUI PMENT BAY
(LHEB)
-
PAN
-
NO
305
5(K
30;
315
310
31 2
El@ 313
314
315
308 31 1
PANEL
No.
PANEL NAME AND SYSTEM
- 316
317
3M DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SHUTOFF VALVE
(UNDERSIDE OF FWD EQUPMEM BAY) (ECS) SUIT C l R C
300,301,302. SUIT CONNECTOR PANEL (3) (Ea) SHUT-OFF \
303 CABIN TEMPERATURE CONTROL PANEL (ECS)
- . .. . .- . ,
IPMENT BAY
FEE)
-
307
'I f0 0
g
310
LHEB INDD(
L
PANEL
PANEL NAME AND SYSTEM
N0.
309 GLYCOL PRESSURE RELIEF BYPASS CONTROL PANEL (ECS)
XKI SURGE TANK PRESSURE RELIEF SHUTOFF VALVE (ECS)
307 GIRTH FRAME SHELF CONTROLS ( E a )
319 SUIT CIRCUIT RETURN SHUT-OFF VAL- (EO)
310 02 D E W N D REGUTOR AND SUIT H.UT
WCHANGER SWITCH (ECS)
31 2 GLYCOL ACCUM SHUTOFF VALVE (MCK OF ATTENUATOR PANEL) (ECS)
313 C% - ODOR ABSORBER DIVERTER VALVE (EO)
314 OXYGEN CONTROL PANEL (ECS)
31 5 WATER CONTROL PANEL (ECS)
31 1 COOLANT CONTROL PANEL (ECS)
316 PLVC CONTROL PANEL (ECS) 1-Gl
317 GLY EVAP WATER CONTROL BYPASS PANEL (ECS)
SUIT C I R C U I T RETURN
SHUT-OFF VALVE * w
Mis
. . . -... . ...
..
. ., .
.i.- . I,
- .. , .
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
@I 310
SUI tru
uvra
0
314
f-
b
Abw onw
'CONNECTS TO
I
J39 ON PANEL 31 1
WATER ccma
PAIYL 315 ~~
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
SENSOR UNIT fECS)
fSTOWED UNDER CENTER COUCH)
Figuz-3-1. Controls and Displays (Sheet 2 of 3 )
ed behind compartment
- W R K REJECT
:"1
10 LOWER EQUIPMENT BAY
(LEB) RH FWC
ai
7
200
-- I
U S 1 YLKl
,
--,I
10s
ie
@
101 THRU 10;
loo
Is0
Is0
LEB INDEX
PANEL NO, CONTROL OR DISPLAY
-
All contmls 6 displop
LI GHTl NG
Top
B o r t m mw
I
I SYSTEM
G6N
MlSC
SEQ
ER
- W R K-REJECT on SC 014
Ix) All contmlr ECS
eL--d
iH UTILITY PLUG
202
PYRO 6
I RHFEB I N D M
SfQ A MIA
TO P Y I D
nu5 T l f
SIOB
MTCHCR M T C
M T B
1 0 PYRO
BUS 1IE
M T B MIA
DC VOLTS, FUNCTION
SELECT, and TEST
SELECT
W M (
200 C/M RCS HTRS
WR WR PWR UT
I
LANDING -
150 ENTIV
1,
Missior
. .. . . -.I
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.: -.,. '.I
SM2A -03 -SCO1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
I
0 0 0 0 0 0
@ @ Q O
303
sco12
v
UPRIGHTING (
SYSTEM
bd
COMPR COMPR
NO. 1 NO. 2 /
205 ) 205 )
WASTE MANAGEMENT
o w Dum yucla
Ry VACLLY J
104 ESSENTIAL RHEB INDEX
I PANEL NO. CONTROL OR DISPLAY SYSTEM
1
201 THRU?OC All controls E a
A l l controls EPS
201
I E ESSENTIAL 2
ESSENTIAL I, 3, 4
ECS Ct T/C
T/C
o d NON ESSENTIAL
5, 6, 7. 8, 10
NON ESSENTIAL 9 ECS Ct T/C
202 NON ESSENTlAL All controls
I :'dl
WASTE M N A G E M E N T INST
ACCESS
3 PWRCONT
Mission Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date page 3-21 1/3-212
SM 2A- 03 -S C 0 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
SECTION 4
PERFORMANCE
INTRODUCTION.
Color Operating
System Indicator Scale Marking Range or Limitation
_-
PERFORMANCE
Color Operating
System Indicator Scale Marking Range o r L i m i t a t i o n
PERFORMANCE
Color Operating
System Indicator Scale Marking Range or Limitation
PRESS-CABIN Red 4.7 psia (low limit line)
PART PRESS-C02 Red 15 mm Hg (high limit line)
Yellow 7.6 to 15 mm Hg (caution band)
PGA PGA pressure Red 2.0 to 3.5 psia (emergency band)
(fig- indicator Green 3.5 to 10 psia (normal band)
ure 4-9)
PRESSURE1-
ENG INLET
N2
TK PRESS-
SM-2A-689H
PERFORMANCE
~~
Indicator Scale 1
I
I
Measurement Number
I
I
f
Indicator Accuracy
I I
S/M RCS-TEMP PKG SR 5065 T (Quad A) 25°F at 75°F
SR 5066 T (Quad B ) 210°F at 0" and 150°F
SR 5067 T (Quad C)
SR 5068 T (Quad D)
---
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
MANF He
--
TEMP -PRES-
C/M RCS
F ox
SM-2Ad88C
._.,
PERFORMANCE
TA
-N
)K PRESSURE-]
1 H2 2 1 02 2
SM- 2A-6900
PERFORMANCE
T
1A
-NK QUANTITY--$
1 H2 2 1 02 2
5M-2A-6910
FUEL CELL-FLOW-H2
sc 2140 R ~ F / C2 j 20.0075 l b / h r at 0" and
SC 2141 R (F/C 3) 150" F
FUEL CELL-FLOW-02 SC 2141 R (F/C 1) 20.05 h r / h r at 75"F,
SC 2143 R (F/C 2 ) and at 0" and 150°F
SC 2144 R (F/C 3)
rmEL CELL-MODULE SC 2084 T (F/C 1) At 75"F, +7"F for 400" to
TEMP-SKIN SC 2085 T (F/C 2 ) 550" scale and 3% of remain-
SC 2086 T (F/C 3) ing scale. At 0" and 150°F,
t 1 4 " F for 400" to 500" scale
and 3% of remaining scale.
mTEL CELLMODULE SC 2081 T (F/C 1) 23"at 75°F
TEMP-COND MH SC 2082 T (F/C 2 ) 25°F at 0" and 150°F
SC 2083 T (F/C 3)
PERFORMANCE
FLOW
-FUEL CELL-
MODULE TEMP
"2 02 SKIN COND EXH
PERFORMANCE
SM-2A-69U
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
SM-24-695E
PERFORMANCE
- -
SUlT
lEMP1
CABIN SUIT
PERFORMANCE
P
CABIN PART PRESS
R
coz
S-BAND ANT
SM-2A-69X
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
NOTE:
SM-ZA-700F
PERFORMANCE
SM-U-73ID
PERFORMANCE
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic D a t e 12 Nov 1%6 R e v i s i o n Date Page 4-18
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
-
PERFORMANCE
Weight
per Tank
. Delivery
Maximum Rate to
Storage Filled Usable Engine
Consumables Tank (lb) (lb) (lb/sec)
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
B a s i c Date 1966 Revision Date Page 4-1-9
SM2A-03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
z 1 !
Szot
0
I '
0.1 0.2 . 0.3 0.4
I
0.5
I
0.6
F O R CURMS A A N D B ARE
SAME AS SHOWN ON
UPPER CHART.
-_ - -
1
.--I
, '
SM-24-1087
CONSUMABLE mQUIREMENTS
.
B a s i c Date l2 1966 .Revision Date Page lr-20
SM2A- 0 3 - 2 x 0 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
4.2.1.3 T r a n s l a t i o n Maneuvers.
~~
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic D a t e l2 Revision D a t e Page 4-21
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
2.5
2.0
1.5
1 .o
0.5
0.0
15,000 20,000 25,oOO 30,OOO 35,000 40,000
SPACECRAFT WEIGHT (LB)
15,000 20,
m z,m 30,000 35,000 40,000
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic Date l2 1966 Revision Date Page 4-22
SM2A-03 -SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
h
Z I-
THERMAL CONTROL MODE (BBQ)
0 Z
" V
k2 Y
c 6 0
ss w
Z
Y 201,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,OOO 30,000 32,000
.3 1 10 100
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic Date 1966 Revision Date Page 4-23
SMZA-03 -SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
I THREE PITCH
YAW
I
1
NONE
NONE
I
I
361
765
1-
I
264
668
I
I
26I
665 I
S/M RCS PROPEUANT REQUIRED FOR WAGE
22
20
-
a 18
16
!2
f 14
12
NOTE:
C u m I, 2, and 3
"t #nOM .ngim
culfigrmtiul OI o h .
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic Date l2 1966 Revision Date Page 4-24
SM2A-03-SCO12
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
PE!RFORMANCE
~~ ~ ~ ~~
Weight p e r Tank
0.234 l b / s e c ( o x i d i z e r l f u e l
r a t i o o f 2.1:1)
0.111 l b / s e c ( o x i d i z e r / f u e l
r a t i o of 2 . 1 : 1 )
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
B a s i c Date l2 1966 R e v i s i o n Date Page 4-25
SM2A-03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
. ._-
PERFORMANCE
80
ON
60
40
wl
L
3;
' 4 8 1 2 1 6 a O 2 4 2 8 3 2 3 6 4 0 4 4 4 8 5 2
SPS BURN DURATION (SECONDS)
PERCENT TO PROPELLANT
FROM CUR- ABOVE
SM-2A- 1092
PERFORMANCE
S p a c e c r a f t weight i s p l o t t e d a g a i n s t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c
v e l o c i t y f o r nominal and minimum v a l u e s of s p e c i f i c impulse.
(See f i g u r e 4-20.) A sample p a t h t r a c e s a t y p i c a l s o l u t i o n f o r
p r o p e l l a n t weight when i n i t i a l weight, s p e c i f i c impulse, and
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c v e l o c i t y change are given. Arrows on t h e c h a r t ,
s t a r t i n g w i t h an i n i t i a l v a l u e f o r weight (W,) i n d i c a t e t h e
d i r e c t i o n of flow f o r t h e sample problem. It i s important t o
n o t e t h a t t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c v e l o c i t y (V,) s c a l e does n o t
r e p r e s e n t v a l u e s of AV remaining aboard t h e S/C, b u t i s
i n t e n d e d t o serve as a r e f e r e n c e o n l y on which increments
( AVc) may b e t a k e n as shown i n t h e sample.
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
4-27
Basic Date 1966 R e v i s i o n Date Page
SMZA-03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
CONSUMABLE REQUIRIDENTS
Basic Date l2 Revision Date Page 4-28
,
SM2A-03 -SCOl2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
PROPELLANT WEIGHT, Wp = W1
1
( )I
I:-
1
A ~
9 ISP
C
SM-2A-1094
.
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
B a s i c Date E 1966 Revision Date Page' 4-29
SMZA- 03 -SCO1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
Weight p e r Tank
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
9
Basic Date
l2 1966 Revision Date Page 4- 30
SM2A; 03 -SCOl2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
NOTE:
WATER GENERATION RATE IS
OBTAINED BY MULTIPLYING H2
CONSUMPTION RATE BY NINE
3.20 0.40
2.80 0.35
z
h
5
d
2.40
d
0.30
2.00 0.25
6-
I-
1.60 0.20
3
v)
Z 1 .XI 0.15
8 0.80 cy
0.10
I
0.40 0.05
0 n
-50 &-70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
3 FlEL CELL CURRENT (AMPERES)
I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I 1
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
2 FUEL CELL CURRENT (AMPERES)
I I 1 I I I 1 I I 1 1 1
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
1 FUEL CELL CURRENT (AMPERES) SM-2A-1095
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
Basic Date l2 1966 Revision Date Page 4-31
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
---
PERFORMANCE
~
Usable
Weight
Consumables Source (Ib) Remarks
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
.
Basic D a t e l2 1966 R e v i s i o n Date Page 4-32
SM2A- 03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
PERFORMANCE
Usable
Weight
Consumables Source (lb) Remarks
c. 2 C/M
repressurizations -
11.7 l b (5.85 l b / e a ) .
Surge t a n k 3.7 I n i t i a l l y f i l l e d during
ground s e r v i c e
CONSUMABLE REQUIREMENTS
B a s i c D a t e J2 1966 R e v i s i o n Date Page 4-33
SM2A- 03-SCO12
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
PEiiFORMANCE
w i t h an e l e c t r i c a l c u r r e n t l e v e l of about 55 amps By
r o l l i n g o r tumbling t h e S/C, t o allow f o r p e r i o d i c exposure
of t h e r a d i a t o r s t o t h e sun, t h e i n l e t t e m p e r a t u r e can be
70°F w i t h an e l e c t r i c a l c u r r e n t l e v e l of about 50 amps
b e f o r e t h e space r a d i a t o r s s t a r t t o f r e e z e .
PEWORMANCE
4.3.2.1 G&N A t t i t u d e C o n t r o l .
4.3.2.2 SCS A t t i t u d e C o n t r o l .
4.3.2.3 Manual A t t i t u d e C o n t r o l .
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
e A t t i t u d e impulse c o n t r o l i s n o t a p r o p o r t i o n a l con-
t r o l and does n o t p r o v i d e f o r a t t i t u d e h o l d . When
t h i s c o n t r o l i s e n a b l e d , r e l a y a c t i o n removes a l l
r a t e a t t i t u d e e r r o r and c o n t r o l i n p u t s from t h e SCS
electronics.
..
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
SM-2A- 1099
E1ERFORMANCE
0 2Ooo m
DELTA V REMAINING - FPS S M - a - 1 IOOA
PERFORMANCE
a
P
E
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
_____
CAUTION If t h e h e a t s h i e l d a b l a t o r t e m p e r a t u r e
i s allowed t o r i s e and remain above 200'F
f o r any a g g r e g a t e p e r i o d l o n g e r t h a n 2 h o u r s , o u t g a s s i n g
w i l l r e s u l t and cause a corresponding d e g r a d a t i o n t o t h e
a b l a t o r stress margin.
The altimeter ( b a r o m e t r i c p r e s s u r e i n d i c a t o r ) e r r o r r e s u l t i n g
from v e l o c i t y p r e s s u r e s on t h e command module (below
14,000 f e e t ) i s shown i n figure 4-28.
PERFORMANCE
SM-2A-9348
PERFORMANCE
NOTES: 1. Zero on the vertical scale indicates the maximum vibration experienced during flight. The vibration levels
are based on boilerplate and spacecraft flight test measurements.
2. Letter "A" indicates vibration time induced by booster engine exhaurt (influenced by the flame buckets) and
noire rdlected from the ground and launch pad.
3. Letter"'B" indicutes vibration induced by aerodynamic turbulence. As the launch vehicle velocity increases,
pressure fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer (and woke turbulence from the launch escape tomr)
excite vibration of increasing intensity until a maximum is reached at approximately the time of maximum
aerodynamic pressure (MAX 0).
4. SPS engine operation provides the only significant source of C/M vibration during space flight maneuvers.
This vibration, transferred mechanically throughout the S/C structure, con generally be expected to decrease
with increasing distance from the engine. Since the RCS engines passes a very low thrust capacity, their
operation will only produce modest and localized vibration (mostly due.to iet impingement).
SM-2A-933B
PERFORMANCE
SM-2A-932A
PERFORMANCE
Pk
C
I
\
oiiva ovaaluii
G
PERFORMANCE
x
k
0
c,
v1
0
E- .-
I
0
T
XS/U - Al13013h
PERFORMANCE
h
k
c1
wC
d
E
0
2
SECTION 5
INTRODUCTION
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT
5- 1
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
l
i
c
m
m
c)
c
.d
k
Q)
a
wx
C
0
..+
U
\
10
--
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT
SCIENTIFIC E Q U I P M E N T
*
M i s s ion B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page 5-3
S M 2 A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CREWMAN/OXYGEN
A N D ELECTRICAL UMBILICAL
CONNECTORS (RIGHT A N D
CENTER CREWMAN)
RECEPTACLE
FUTURE
EXPERIMENT
RECEPTACLES s M-a-a640
F i g u r e 5 - 2. E x p e r i m e n t s T a p e R e c o r d e r and E l e c t r i c a l Connectors
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT
5. 1 . 2 . 1 Octopus Cable.
5. 1 . 2 . 2 C o b r a C a b l e T-Adapter.
E X P E R I M E N T S AND S C I E N T I F I C E Q U I P M E N T DATA
COMPARTMENT B
28 VDC POWER
(WIRING O N L Y )
OUTLET
COMPARTMENT C
MEDICAL DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEM
FUTURE EXPERIMENTS
ASSEMBLY (PGA)'
OCTOPUS CABLE
A (CONNECTS TO MDAS
PGA ELECTRICAL A N D TO ONE 1-ADAPTER
ADAPTER CABLE AT A TIME)
NOTES:
1. Signal conditioners, sen", and auociatcd 2. A 1-adapter permits simultaneous tmnmirrion of
wiring on a crewman's tono (attached to operational measurements (selected far one crmmon
the Microdot connector inside the PGA or o n a t a time) and the recording of in-flight experiments dota.
the CWG) pmvide for PCM TLM operational However, optrational measurements con be transmitted
m w s u r m e n h and scientific experimenh dota. fmm one crewman while another crewman i s recording
experiments data
SM-2A-WZC
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT
.
Mission *04A B a s i c Date 16 SePt 1966 C h a n g e Date Page 5-6
SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5. 2 MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS.
T h e p u r p o s e of e x p e r i m e n t M-3A is to c o l l e c t c r e w d a t a f o r d e t e r -
mining' benefits of e x e r c i s e d u r i n g s p a c e flight. Recumbency (bed r e s t )
s t u d i e s have shown that e x e r c i s e w o r k t o l e r a n c e f o r a n individual i s
g r e a t l y reduced a f t e r being r e l a t i v e l y i m m o b i l e and in a horizontal position
f o r a f e w d a y s . Z e r o g r a v i t y d u r i n g s p a c e flight m a y f u r t h e r i n c r e a s e t h e
length of a c r e w m a n ' s reconditioning p e r i o d .
5. 2 . 1. 1 Equipment D e s c r i p t i o n .
E X P E R I M E N T S AND S C I E N T I F I C E Q U I P M E N T DATA
M-3A EXERCISER
FOOT SUPPORT (CUTAWAY FOR CLARITY)
RETRACTED
A N D LEGREST
DOWN
U R T Y RETENTION CAME
PLASTIC HANDLE
CHANNEL
, j l R PASSAGE VENTS
r,;' _ r.
ond mtry DISPLAY
VELCRO MATING /'
CAMERA RESET
HANDCRANK
DETACHABLE
RING SIGHT
SNAP-ON FILM PARTICLE
PACK (COLOR) DISPUY
a i C / h 4 INNER HATCH
COVER
4,
>L' ---r\ '
,
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
-
EXPERIMENTS AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT DATA
POWER CABLE
CAMERA LOCKPlN
M-9A SEQUENCE
M-9A GOGGLES
SM-2A-8650
5.2. 1 . 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s .
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5 . 2 . 1. 3 Crewman Participation.
5. 2 . 1 . 4 Recovery Requirements.
5. 2 . 2 . 1 EauiDment DescriDtion.
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5-10
Mission Basic Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5. 2. 2 . 2 Experiment Procedures.
R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c r e w m a n p a r t i c i p a t i o n in the p h o n o c a r d i o g r a m
e x p e r i m e n t a r e a s follows:
a. P r e f l i g h t - S e n s o r application should not exceed one hour. Approxi-
m a t e l y 5 m i n u t e s of r e c o r d i n g will b e r e q u i r e d f o r collecting b a s e l i n e d a t a
f r o m each crewman.
b. In-flight - No effort will b e r e q u i r e d by t h e c r e w m a n o t h e r than
hookup t o the MDAS. T h e one s p e c i a l exception could be t i m e spent i n
d e t e r m i n i n g optimum p l a c e m e n t or repositioning of a m i c r o p h o n e
biosensor.
c . Postflight - Approximately 5 m i n u t e s w i l l be r e q u i r e d f o r p o s t -
r e c o v e r y r e c o r d i n g for d a t a c o m p a r i s o n .
5. 2. 2 . 4 Recovery Requirements.
T h e r e a r e no s p e c i a l r e c o v e r y r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e e x p e r i m e n t o t h e r
than r e m o v a l of the magnetic r e c o r d i n g tape f r o m t h e MDAS. T h e r e c o r d e d
d a t a w i l l be p r o c e s s e d by conventional methods.
5. 2 . 3 . 1 Equipment D e s c r i p t i o n .
In-flight p r o c e d u r e s a r e not r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s e x p e r i m e n t . P r i o r t o
flight, c r e w m e n will h a v e X - r a y s t a k e n of t h e i r heel bones and the l a s t joint
of t h e l i t t l e finger on the right hand. T h e s e e x p o s u r e s will b e t a k e n b e f o r e
and a f t e r flight a t Kennedy Space C e n t e r X - r a y f a c i l i t i e s . The hematopietic
(i. e . , blood f o r m i n g m a r r o w ) a r e a s w i l l not b e exposed t o the r a d i a t i o n
s o u r c e s i n c e t h e e x p o s u r e field will be c a r e f u l l y l i m i t e d .
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5-11
hlission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5. 2 . 4 . 1 Equipment D e r c r iption.
5.2.4. 2 ExDeriment P r o c e d u r e s
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5-12
Mission Basic Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5. 2 . 4 . 3 Crewman ParticiDation.
5. 2 . 4 . 4 Recovery Requirements .
5. 2 . 5. 1 Equipment Description.
5. 2. 5. 2 Equipment P r o c e d u r e s .
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5 . 2 . 5. 3 Crewman Participation.
5 . 2. 6. 1 Equipment Description.
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
5. 2. 6. 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s .
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
. 5-15
Mission Basic Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5. 3 SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.
5 . 3 . 1. 1 Equipment Description
5. 3 . 1 . 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s ,
5 . 3 . 1. 3 Crewman P a r t i c i p a t i o n .
SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS
Mission Basic Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page 5-16
SM2A -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5 . 3. 1 . 4 Recovery Requirements.
5 . 3.2. 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s
5. 3 . 2 . 3 Crewman Participation.
5. 3. 2 . 4 Recoverv Reouirements
SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS
Mi s s ion Basic Date l 2 NOv 1966 Change Date Page 5-17
SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
5 . 4 . 1. 1 Equipment Description.
5 . 4 1. 3 Crewman P a r t i c b a t i o n
-A'
TECHNICAL EXPERIMENTS
.5-18
Mission Basic Date l 2 Nov l g 6 6 Change Date Page
SM2A-03-SC012
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
---
EXPERIMENTS AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT DATA
TECHNICAL EXPERIMENTS
Mission Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 5-19/5-20
SM2A -03-SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SECTION 6
INTRODUC TION.
T h i s s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s a d e s c r i p t i o n of C o n t r a c t o r - f u r n i s h e d c r e w
p e r s o n a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s p a c e c r a f t i n t e r f a c e d a t a on NASA-furnished c r e w
p e r s o n a l equipment. All m a j o r i t e m s a r e i d e n t i f i e d as C o n t r a c t o r - f u r n i s h e d
equipment ( C F E ) , Government-furnished equipment (GFE), o r Government-
furnished property (GFP).
0 C r e w C o m p a r t m e n t Configuration
0 Sighting S y s t e m s ( G F E )
0 S p a c e Suit A s s e m b l y ( G F P )
1. C o n s t a n t W e a r G a r m e n t ( G F P )
( a ) C o m m u n i c a t i o n Hat ( G F P )
2. P r e s s u r e Garment Assembly (GFP)
0 C r e w Couches ( C F E )
0 R e s t r a i n t Methods ( C F E )
0 In-flight Data P a c k a g e ( G F E )
0 C r e w m a n In-flight Tool Set a n d W o r k / F o o d Shlf ( C F E )
0 Crew Water (CFE)
0 Food ( G F P )
0 P e r s o n a l Hygiene ( G F P )
0 M e d i c a l Supplies a n d Monitoring ( G F P )
0 S u r v i v a l Kit ( G F P )
0 Stowage
~~~~ ~ ~~
AFT BULKHEAD
6.2 MIRRORS.
When t h e a s t r o n a u t i s i n t h e p r e s s u r e s u i t , p r e s s u r i z e d , a n d on the
couch, h i s f i e l d of v i s i o n is v e r y l i m i t e d . He c a n s e e only to the l o w e r
e d g e of t h e m a i n d i s p l a y c o n s o l e (MDC), thus blanking out h i s s t o m a c h
a r e a w h e r e h i s r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s buckling and a d j u s t m e n t t a k e s p l a c e .
T h e i n t e r n a l viewing m i r r o r s a i d t h e a s t r o n a u t i n buckling a n d a d j u s t m e n t
of t h e r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s a n d l o c a t i n g c o u c h c o n t r o l s .
~ ~~
--
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
The m i r r o r a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a mounting b a s e , a t w o - s e g m e n t e d
a r m , and a m i r r o r . T h e m i r r o r i s r e c t a n g u l a r ( 4 by 6 i n c h e s ) , flat, r e a r
s u r f a c e d , with a demagnification f a c t o r of 1 : l . T h e two-segmented a r m
allows a r e a c h of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 22 i n c h e s f r o m t h e mount. The e n d s of the
a r m have swivel j o i n t s t o position the m i r r o r s in the d e s i r e d a n g l e s . The
m i r r o r s a r e locked in position by a c l a m p during boost and e n t r y .
MIRRORS
WITH M
(RIGHT
NOTE FIELD OF V I S I O N S H W N
FOR M I R R O R S IS FOR
ONLY ONE SETTING.
u
F i g u r e 6-3. P a r a c h u t e F i e l d of V i s i o n i n Couch 9 6 - D e g r e e P o s i t i o n
-4 s e t of m i r r o r s c o n s i s t of a n u p p e r m i r r o r a s s e m b l y and a lower
m i r r o r a s s e m b l y . The u p p e r m i r r o r a s s e m b l y is mounted on the s i d e wall
n e a r t h e u p p e r r i m o n t h e r e n d e z v o u s window f r a m e . The lower m i r r o r
a s s e m b l y is mounted on the r e n d e z v o u s window housing n e a r the lower r i m
of the window f r a m e .
The m i r r o r a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a m i r r o r a n d a b r a c k e t . T h e b r a c k e t
h a s a s h o r t a r m with a swivel that allows positioning of the m i r r o r . The
s h o r t a r m h a s a lock t o i m m o b i l i z e the m i r r o r during landing. The m i r r o r s
will have a 1:l magnification f a c t o r a n d a r e r e c t a n g u l a r in shape.
S-IVB
TARGET @) ,PROJECTED IMAGE
SCALE I AB$!-
\ -
ix U
H, FORWARD
VIEWING WINDOW
\
RECEPTACLE
/
+z
Q
MODULES
0 . .
CS-531A .. a )
T h e s i g h t i s a c o l l i m a t o r d e v i c e , s i m i l a r to a gunsight. It weighs
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1. 5 pounds a n d i s 8 i n c h e s in length. It h a s a c o r d a n d r e c e p -
t a c l e a n d r e q u i r e s a 28-vdc p o w e r s o u r c e . T h e sight i s stowed i n c o m p a r t -
m e n t T d u r i n g b o o s t a n d e n t r y . When o p e r a t i o n a l l y r e q u i r e d , it i s m o u n t e d
a t t h e left r e n d e z v o u s window f r a m e . T h e p o w e r r e c e p t a c l e i s c o n n e c t e d to
t h e SCIENTIFIC E X P E R I M E N T S r e c e p t a c l e ( o n t h e g i r t h s h e l f ) ,
0. 3. 1 OPER-qTIONAL USE.
When photographing a c t i v i t i e s o r s c e n e s outside the s p a c e c r a f t with
the 1 6 m m s e q u e n c e c a m e r a , t h e COAS i s u s e d to o r i e n t t h e s p a c e c r a f t a n d
a i m t h e c a m e r a . The c a m e r a will b e . m o u n t e d o n t h e left s i d e w a l l handhold
a t a 9 0 - d e g r e e a n g l e to t h e X - a x i s a n d will b e shooting out t h e left r e n d e z -
v o u s window v i a a m i r r o r a s s e m b l y .
D u r i n g r e n d e z v o u s m a n e u v e r s with t h e S-IVB, t h e C O h S c a n be u s e d
for alignment.
T h e s p a c e suit a s s e m b l y ( S S A ) p r o v i d e s c r e w m e m b e r s with p r o t e c t i v e
clothing and a t m o s p h e r e f o r s p a c e c r a f t c o m m a n d module environment. The
a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a constant w e a r g a r m e n t (CWG) and p r e s s u r e g a r m e n t
a s s e m b l y ( P G A ) . F o r o p e r a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s , additional equipment i s needed,
s u c h a s c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and oxygen h o s e s . The equipment will be d e s c r i b e d
in the two s u i t conditions: O F F and ON.
T h e CWC ( f i g u r e 6 - 5 ) i s a o n e - p i e c e , synthetic f a b r i c g a r m e n t f o r
oxygen compatibility, It w i l l be long s l e e v e d o r s h o r t sleeved. The s h o r t
s l e e v e CWG h a s s l e e v e s t i f f e n e r s , T h e r e a r e a l s o pockets to hold radiation
d o s i m e t e r s . , .4round the m i d - s e c t i o n a r e pockets for biomed p r e a m p l i f i e r s .
T h e r e a r e one o r two c l o t h t a b s ( 1 i n c h ) n e a r t h e c h e s t to a t t a c h the c o b r a
c a b l e clip. -An opening a t the c r o t c h i s f o r u r i n a t i o n and t h e r e a r opening i s
for defecation. -4 z i p p e r u p the c h e s t allows e a s y donning and doffing.
6 . 4. 1. 2 Flight C o v e r a l l s (GFP).
CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
F i g u r e 6-5. C o n s t a n t W e a r G a r m e n t (CWG)
n. 4. 1 . 3 C o m m u n i c a t i o n s Soft Hat ( G F P ) .
T h e p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s c a r r i e r is a soft h a t which s u p p o r t s
communications equipment: redundant microphone/earphone s e t s and a
connection to the audio c e n t e r .
T h e m i c r o p h o n e s ( v o i c e t u b e s ) h a v e two p o s i t i o n s : u s i n g a n d stowed.
T h e stowed p o s i t i o n i s b u t t e d t o w a r d t h e f o r w a r d e d g e of t h e h e l m e t . T h e
u s i n g position i s i n f r o n t of t h e m o u t h . Only o n e m i c r o p h o n e n e e d s t o be
u s e d . T h e e a r p h o n e s will be i n p l a c e o v e r both e a r s a l l t h e t i m e .
T h r e e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s c a r r i e r s w i l l be s t o w e d a t l a u n c h a n d e n t r y in
t h e PG-4 h e I m e t s t o w a g e b a g s o n t h e aft bulkhead.
T h r e e Lightweight H e a d s e t s w i l l be e v a l u a t e d d u r i n g t h e m i s s i o n a n d
w i l l s h a r e t h e s o f t h a t s t o w a g e i n t h e PG-4 h e l m e t s t o w a g e b a g s .
6. 4. 1. 4 Constant Wear G a r m e n t E l e c t r i c a l i i d a p t e r ( C F E ) .
T h r e e C W G a d a p t e r s will be r e q u i r e d i f a l l a s t r o n a u t s g o s h i r t s l e e v e
simultaneously. The t h r e e a d a p t e r s will be stowed in the RHEB in a c o m -
p a r t m e n t m a r k e d ELECTRICAL ADAPTERS. The CWG a d a p t e r will t i m e -
s h a r e the c o m p a r t m e n t with t h r e e PG.4 a d a p t e r s .
CWG ELECTRICAL
B I O MED
PREAMP1.IFIERS
WEAR GARMENT
6. 4. 2. 2 PG-4 Pr e s s u r i zed .
The c r e w w i l l p e r f o r m a c a b i n d e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n to d e m o n s t r a t e confi-
dence in the s p a c e s u i t and p r o p e r function of the h a r d w a r e .
6 . 4. 3 PGA DESCRIPTION. ( F i g u r e 6- 7)
6 . 4. 3. 1 PGA ComDonents.
C R E W PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
GI
--
A c c e s s o r i e s of t h e s u i t a r e the n e c k a n d w r i s t d a m s , blood p r e s s u r e
c u f f s , a n d u r i n e c o l l e c t i o n bag. O p e r a t i o n a l u s e of t h e a c c e s s o r i e s i s
o p t i o n a l a n d will v a r y i n a c c o r d a n c e with t h e m i s s i o n .
6.4.3.1.1 T h e T o r s o a n d Gloves
--
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
6 . 4. 3 . 1 . 3 Neck a n d W r i s t D a m s .
6.5. 2 H E L M E T STOWAGE.
-.-
T h e PGA e l e c t r i c a l a d a p t e r p r o v i d e s i n t e r f a c e b e t w e e n t h e PGA a n d
the c o b r a cable since t h e connectors a r e not compatible.
When t h e s u i t s a r e r e m o v e d a n d s t o w e d , t h e PG.4 a d a p t e r s w i l l b e
d i s c o n n e c t e d f r o m t h e s u i t a n d stowed. T h e y w i l l r e p l a c e t h e CWG a d a p t e r s
in t h e E L E C T R I C A L A D A P T E R s t o w a g e c o m p a r t m e n t i n t h e RHEB.
6. 6. 2 OXYGEN HOSE ( U M B I L I C A L ) ( G F P ) . ( F i g u r e 6 - 8 )
T h e oxygen h o s e i s a d u a l h o s e , e a c h h o s e h a v i n g a n i n s i d e d i a m e t e r
of 1. 25 i n c h e s a n d m a d e of s i l i c o n r u b b e r with s p i r a l i n g s t e e l w i r e
reinforcement.
T h e double D c o n n e c t o r o n t h e ECS e n d r e m a i n s c o n n e c t e d d u r i n g
t h e m i s s i o n . T h e h o s e is r o u t e d b e h i n d t h e MDC a n d h e l d i n p l a c e by t i e -
down s t r a p s . When d i s c o n n e c t e d f r o m t h e s u i t s , t h e e n d s a r e r o u t e d f r o m
t h e r e a r of t h e 'MDC t o t h e f o r w a r d b u l k h e a d a n d s t r a p p e d . T o p r e v e n t t h e
i n c o m i n g o x y g e n f r o m b e i n g s u c k e d i n t o t h e r e t u r n s i d e a n d not i n t o t h e
c a b i n , t h e r e t u r n n o z z l e w i l l be c a p p e d w i t h t h e o x y g e n h o s e r e t u r n c a p ,
which i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e h o s e with a l a n y a r d .
6. 7 CREW COUCHES.
T h e c o u c h e s a r e d e s i g n a t e d o n e of t h r e e w a y s . S t r u c t u r a l l y , t h e y a r e
l e f t , c e n t e r , a n d r i g h t . By c r e w p o s i t i o n s , t h e y a r e 1. 2, o r 3 o r
c o m m a n d e r , s e n i o r pilot, and pilot (left to right).
CREW PERSONAL E Q U I P M E N T
COMMANDER - 72"
NAVIGATOR - 72' DACRON STRAP
ENG INEER - 81"
PGA ADAPTER (REF)
COBRA CABLE (REF)
WIW I RE RE I NFORC
CONNECTOR (ECS)
V16-601201
F i g u r e 6-8. 0 2 U m b i l i c a l H o s e A s s e m b l y , Block I
T h e c r e w c o u c h s t r u c t u r e c o n s i s t s of t h r e e c r e w c o u c h e s : t h e l e f t ,
c e n t e r , a n d r i g h t ( f i g u r e 6-9). It i s f a b r i c a t e d of a l u m i n u m a n d weighs
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400 pounds. The left a n d r i g h t c o u c h e s a r e i d e n t i c a l . The
c e n t e r c o u c h c o n n e c t s the left a n d r i g h t couch into a s i n g l e unified s t r u c t u r e .
T h e c o u c h s t r u c t u r e , i n a o n e - g e n v i r o n m e n t , is s u p p o r t e d by the
i m p a c t a t t e n u a t i o n s t r u t s : t h e f o u r X - X s t r u t s f r o m t h e f o r w a r d bulkhead,
t h e two Z - Z s t r u t s f r o m t h e a f t r i n g , a n d the two Y - Y s t r u t s in c o m p r e s s i o n
a g a i n s t t h e s i d e p a n e l s . The X - X a n d Z - Z s t r u t s c o n n e c t t o the c r e w c o u c h
s t r u c t u r e a t the l e f t a n d r i g h t c o u c h m a i n s i d e b e a m s .
T h e l e f t a n d r i g h t c o u c h e s a r e c a p a b l e of t h e 1 7 0 - d e g r e e position but
will not be p l a c e d i n t h a t p o s i t i o n b e c a u s e of e q u i p m e n t i n t e r f e r e n c e b e n e a t h
those couches.
CREW COUCHES
- CREW PERSONAL E Q U I P M E N T
STRUTS
REF: V16-531501
CREW COUCHES
1I S T W A G E ACCESS
ON _-
.
(LH COUCH)
e?-. ,
CS-2025A <+
m a k i n g e a s y e g r e s s f r o m r i g h t a n d left c o u c h e s i n t o t h e c e n t e r couch.
Another u s e of t h e 1 7 0 - d e g r e e p o s i t i o n is G&N sighting. T h e 50 p e r c e n t i l e
c r e w m a n c a n p o s i t i o n h i m s e l f o n t h e s e a t pan with h i s f e e t in the f o o t r e s t s
and sight through the G & N eyepiece.
6. 7. 2 . 2 Unoccupied P o s i t i o n s .
T h e 6 6 - d e g r e e s e a t pan a n g l e position is u s e d p r i m a r i l y f o r r i g h t a n d
l e f t e q u i p m e n t bay s t o w a g e a c c e s s .
T h e 2 6 4 - d e g r e e p o s i t i o n n e c e s s i t a t e s r o t a t i n g t h e s e a t pan u n d e r t h e
b a c k r e s t . T h i s will c l e a r t h e L E B a r e a f o r m a i n t e n a n c e a c t i v i t i e s . Due t o
r e s t r i c t e d c l e a r a n c e beneath the left and right couches, this position is
r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e c e n t e r c o u c h only. D u r i n g u s e of t h e f e c a l c a n i s t e r , t h i s
is t h e d e s i r a b l e seat pan angle.
CREW COUCHES
T h e c r e w c o u c h e s a r e b a s i c a l l y t h e s a m e and t h e m o d u l a r components
interchangeable. The b a c k r e s t a s s e m b l i e s differ the m o s t b e c a u s e of the
docking position m e c h a n i s m in t h e c e n t e r couch.
6. 7. 3 . 1 H e a d r e st.
L W E R ARM REST
UPPER A R M REST
/ p”..
BACK ASSEMBLY
CS-2055A 1
CREW COUCHES
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page 6-17
S~M2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
T h e h e a d r e s t h a s a 3 - i n c h l o n g i t u d i n a l m o v e m e n t f o r a d j u s t m e n t to
c r e w m a n t o r s o l e n g t h . T h e h e a d r e s t a n d s u p p o r t will fold u n d e r t h e couch
f o r p u r p o s e s of a c c e s s i b i l i t y a n d i n g r e s s to t h e c o u c h e s .
T h e b a c k r e s t a s s e m b l y is c o n t o u r e d a n d c o n t a i n s t h e t a k e u p r e e l
s y s t e m f o r t h e s h o u l d e r s t r a p s . T h e b a c k p a n is padded in t h e a r e a s of
c r e w m a n contact.
6. 7. 3. 3 Armrests.
T h e a r m r e s t s a t t a c h to t h e f o r w a r d s u r f a c e of t h e b a c k r e s t a n d a r e
a d j u s t a b l e . T h e y c o n s i s t of a n u p p e r a n d l o w e r a r m r e s t . T h e u p p e r
a r m r e s t c a n be a d j u s t e d f o r l e n g t h of a r m a n d t o r s o .
T h e l o w e r a r m r e s t i n s e r t s i n t o a n d is s u p p o r t e d by t h e u p p e r a r m r e s t
at a n a n g l e of 90 d e g r e e s . It is s e c u r e d by a l e v e r i z e d p i n d e v i c e f o r q u i c k
r e m o v a l . A tubular shaft extends past the r e s t pad and contains the mounts
f o r t h e c o n t r o l s . A m a j o r function of t h e a r m r e s t s i s to m o u n t t h e SCS
c o n t r o l s . T h e l e f t c o u c h left a r m r e s t h a s a n a d a p t e r m o u n t f o r both
t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l s T1 a n d T 2 , a n d m o u n t s a t a n a n g l e of 120 d e g r e e s . A l l
o t h e r a r m r e s t s ( 3 ) m o u n t a t a n a n g l e of 90 d e g r e e s . T h e l e f t c o u c h r i g h t
a r m r e s t s u p p o r t s a r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l ( R l ) . T h e c e n t e r c o u c h h a s no
armrests.
On t h e r i g h t c o u c h l e f t a r m r e s t i s a f i t t i n g t o which t h e o t h e r
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l ( R 2 ) c a n be a t t a c h e d f o r u s e by t h e c e n t e r a s t r o n a u t . By
u s i n g a n a d a p t e r , one t r a n s l a t i o n c o n t r o l ( T 2 ) c a n be m o u n t e d f o r u s e by t h e
right astronaut .
Normally, the right couch right a r m r e s t supports the second rotation
c o n t r o l ( R 2 ) . A t h i r d p o s i t i o n f o r t h e r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l ( R 2 ) i s a t t a c h e d to
t h e LEB G & N p a n e l f o r u s e d u r i n g n a v i g a t i o n a l s i g h t i n g s .
CREW COUCHES
- CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
t h e a f t of t h e h i p r e s t , a n d t h e o t h e r w h e r e t h e h i p r e s t a n d l e g r e s t i n t e r s e c t .
P a r t of t h e m e c h a n i s m f o r p o s i t i o n i n g t h e s e a t a n g l e s a t 96, 170, a n d
264 d e g r e e s i s h o u s e d i n t h e h i p r e s t .
T h e l o w e r l e g r e s t h o u s e s t h e m e c h a n i s m f o r p o s i t i o n i n g t h e s e a t in
t h e 6 6 - d e g r e e a n g l e a n d t i g h t e n i n g o r l o o s e n i n g of t h e f o o t s t r a p s . T h e
u p p e r l e g r e s t to l o w e r l e g r e s t a n g l e is f i x e d a t 68 d e g r e e s . T h e f o o t r e s t s
p i v o t so t h e y c a n f o l d p a r a l l e l t o t h e l o w e r l e g r e s t . F o o t s t r a p r o t a t i o n
b a r s a r e spring-loaded t o t h e r e l e a s e p o s i t i o n a n d a r e p u l l e d to t h e
r e s t r a i n t p o s i t i o n by c a b l e s . T h e c a b l e s r u n t o a r e e l t h a t c a n be l o c k e d
o r r e l e a s e d by a c o n t r o l i n t h e l o w e r l e g r e s t .
6. 7. 3. 5 C r e w Couch P a d s .
T h e padding is a t r i l o c m a t e r i a l 3 1 1 6 - i n c h t h i c k . It is s t r u c t u r e d of
woven d a c r o n w i r e - l i k e f i b e r s i n a l o w - d e n s i t y p a t t e r n giving good
v e nt ilat i o n .
T h e b a c k p a n a n d s e a t p a n p a d s a r e c o m p o s e d of t h r e e l a y e r s of t r i l o c
c o v e r e d w i t h nylon n e t t i n g , m a k i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 / 2 i n c h of padding.
T h e p a d s a r e a t t a c h e d t o t h e m e t a l s u r f a c e s with V e l c r o s t r i p s a n d
c a n be c e m o v e d d u r i n g t h e m i s s i o n i f t h e n e e d a r i s e s .
6. 7. 4. 1 H e a d r e s t A dju s t m e n t s .
To adjust the h e a d r e s t f o r c r e w m a n height, t u r n the adjustment
w i t h t h e t o o l s e t 4 - i n c h C P S d r i v e r . It h a s a 7132-inch hex d r i v e .
T h e h e a d r e s t i s f o l d e d down by pulling t h e h e a d r e s t l o c k h e a d w a r d .
T h e h e a d r e s t is spring-loaded t o t h e s t o w e d (down) p o s i t i o n so i t s h o u l d be
r e s t r a i n e d by t h e hand. To b r i n g it u p , p u l l with t h e h a n d ; pull h e a d r e s t
l o c k h a n d l e b a c k t o c l e a r t h e hook, p o s i t i o n h e a d r e s t i n t h e n o r m a l p o s i t i o n ,
and push the lock handle footward.
6.7.4.2 A r m r e s t Adjustments.
T h e l o w e r a r m r e s t s a r e r e m o v e d by p u l l i n g t h e a r m r e s t l o c k p i n
r e l e a s e o u t w a r d to p u l l t h e pin, a n d t h e n pulling t h e a r m r e s t u p w a r d t o
r e m o v e . T h e l e f t c o u c h r i g h t a r m r e s t a n d t h e r i g h t c o u c h left a r m r e s t a r e
s t o w e d o n the c o u c h s i d e b e a m s by V e l c r o s e a t s a n d s t r a p s .
CREW COUCHES
.
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page 6-19
SMZA -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
REF: V16-531502
T h e l o w e r a r m r e s t c a n be e x t e n d e d by r o t a t i n g t h e e x t e n s i o n l o c k
t o w a r d t h e l e f t , e x t e n d i n g t h e a r m r e s t and locking i n t o p o s i t i o n b y p u s h i n g
the lock t o the right.
C R E W COUCHES
CREW C O U C H E S
6. 7 . 4 . 4 F o o t r e s t and F o o t s t r a p Adjustments.
6. 7 . 4 . 6 DockinP P o s i t i o n Adjustment.
--
The m e c h a n i s m that r e l e a s e s t h e l o c k which allows the couch
s t r u c t u r e t o s l i d e to the docking position is l o c a t e d in the b a c k r e s t of the
c e n t e r couch; however, the docking l o c k handle is on the right s i d e beam of
the left couch.
C R E W COUCHES
.
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1 9 6 6 Change Date Page 6-22
SMZA -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
6. 7 . 4 . 7 Shoulder S t r a p Adjustment.
T h e r e a r e t h r e e r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s e s p e r s p a c e c r a f t , one f o r e a c h
crewman.
~~~
_.-
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
F i g u r e 6-1 3 . C r e w m a n R e s t r a i n t H a r n e s s Components
6.8.1.2 Weightless R e s t r a i n t .
To a s s i s t the c r e w in e g r e s s i n g f r o m the couch, five hand s t r a p s a r e
a t t a c h e d behind the MDC ( f i g u r e 6 - 1 5 ) .
CREWMAN RESTRAINTS
L A P BELT
RESTRA I NT
SHOULDER STRAP
RESTRAINT PADS
Restraint sandals (figure 6-16) will be worn with the CWG. The
sandals a r e fabricated of a flexible plastic Royalite PR55. Velcro pile
m a t e r i a l is bonded on t h e ball and heel of the sole. The sandal i s held
closed and on the foot by Velcro patches.
CREWMAN RESTRAINTS
....-
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
A-A
HAM DHOLG
EC S HANDSTRAP' - I
-1-/ /"'..
CS-23159 1
F i g u r e 6-15. CM I n t e r i o r Handgrips
The c r e w m e n sleeping position will be under the left and right couch
with the heads toward the hatch. He will be r e s t r a i n e d i n position by the
c r e w m a n sleeping r e s t r a i n t .
CREWMAN RESTRAINTS
FEATURES
X
I I N CWG. ASTRO SLEEPS I N BAG
IN PGA; ASTRO SLEEPS ON BAG
TENS IONER AND USES STRAPS FOR RESTRAINT
--
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
FLIGHT DATA F I L E ( G F P )
rJIK KMIU
Y--.
cr-amc i31
F i g u r e 6 - 19. Crewman In-Flight Tool Set Configuration, Block I
*
\
SMZA -03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
The t o r q u e w r e n c h h a s a t o r q u e l i m i t i n g capacity of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
35 to 200 inch-pounds in the clockwise d i r e c t i o n . It h a s a r a t c h e t capability
in the clockwise a n d counterclockwise d i r e c t i o n . The pawl, which
i n d i c a t e s o p e r a t i o n , h a s t h r e e positions which a r e m a r k e d CW, LOCK,
a n d CCW. The m a x i m u m t o r q u e capability in the LOCK position is
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400 inch-pounds.
0 =50 inch-pounds
+= 100 inch-pounds
h = 150 inch-pounds
= 200 inch-pounds.
c a,
z d
a
c
P = PrimaryUse
B = Backup i G
k
E = Emergency e, a,
9 Y I
0 CI
k ld
0 a
t
3 Q
Function (Designator) A E
- -
I. Environmental Control System
1. O p e n / c l o s e E C S v a l v e s on w a t e r (315) a n d B B
0 2 panel (314). (LHEB)
2. C l o s e w a t e r - glycol a c c u m u l a t o r i s o l a t i o n P B
v a l v e on p a n e l 312. ( L H E B )
4. O p e n / c l o s e w a t e r d e l i v e r y d e v i c e v a l v e B
(304). ( L H E B )
6. U n l a t c h / l a t c h f a s t e n e r s of c a b i n a t m o s - B P
phere recirc. screen. (LHEB)
7. U n l a t c h / l a t c h f a s t e n e r s ( 3 ) of a c c e s s panel B P
t o coolant c o n t r o l p a n e l (311). ( L H E B )
I. G u i d a n c e , Navigation, a n d C o n t r o l S y s t e m
1. U n l a t c h / l a t c h f a s t e n e r s of "LOOSE P.L\RTS B P
STOW-AGE" c o v e r f o r G&N h a n d l e s .
(LHFEB)
3. R / R r o t a t i o n a l c o n t r o l a d a p t e r on G & N B P
p a n e l ( 1 05). ( L E B )
P = PrimaryUse
B = Backup
E = Emergency .
Function (De s i g n a t o r )
7. R / R s e x t a n t s h o r t a n d long e y e p i e c e f r o m
eyepiece.
8. R / R scanning t e l e s c o p e s h o r t a n d long e y e -
piece from eyepiece assembly.
C. Mechanical Systems
1. Adjust c r e w couch h e a d r e s t .
2. -4djust couch u p p e r a r m r e s t .
3. Stow t r a n s l a t i o n a l c o n t r o l a d a p t e r - c e n t e r
couch legrest.
4. Open s i d e c r e w p r e s s u r e ( i n n e r ) hatch f r o m
C /M.
5. Open s i d e c r e w h e a t s h i e l d / t h e r m a l hatch
from C/M (Emer).
6. R / R s e a w a t e r a c c e s s tube plug. (LHEB)
D. Mission Experiments
C R E W PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
T h e t o o l s e t pouch is l o c a t e d i n t h e t o o l s e t d r a w e r o n t h e LEB. T h e
w o r k s h e l f i s s t o w e d i n t h e d r a w e r o n t o p of t h e t o o l s e t . T h e following t o o l s
a r e s t o w e d i n t h e pouch.
10" D r i v e r
4" D r i v e r
5 / 3 2 " hex s h o r t d r i v e r
4'' t o r q u e s e t d r i v e r
Adapter handle
2 end w r e n c h e s
Tether
T h e p o u c h is 2 1 . 2 5 i n c h e s long a n d 7 . 5 i n c h e s wide a n d i s m a d e of
g r e e n nylon c l o t h . It h a s a s m a l l p o u c h with a r e t e n t i o n s t r a p f o r e a c h t o o l
a n d i s m a r k e d with t h e t o o l n a m e a n d d e s i g n a t i o n . T h e t o o l s e t pouch i s
h e l d t o t h e d r a w e r b o t t o m by V e l c r o s t r i p s o n t h e u n d e r s i d e . T h e t e t h e r
w i l l be a t t a c h e d t o a d r i v e r t e t h e r r i n g a n d l a i d i n t h e d r a w e r . T h e t o o l s e t
d r a w e r s l i d e s i n a n d o u t o n t r a c k s a n d is h e l d c l o s e d by a l a t c h . In a
c o r n e r of t h e d r a w e r , a p o l y u r e t h a n e b l o c k with a cutout f o r t h e t o r q u e
wrench i s located.
T h e e m e r g e n c y w r e n c h is p l a c e d i n t h e i n n e r h a t c h l a t c h m e c h a n i s m
f o r t h e m i s s i o n . If i t i s n e e d e d , i t c a n be r e m o v e d a n d u s e d .
6 . 1 0 . 14 WORKSHELF A S S E M B L Y . ( F i g u r e 6-21)
T h e w o r k s h e l f a s s e m b l y p r o v i d e s a t a b l e f o r food p r e p a r a t i o n a n d
m a p /manual reading.
T h e w o r k s h e l f is of a l u m i n u m s h e e t c o n s t r u c t i o n a p p r o x i m a t e l y
2 4 by 10. 5 i n c h e s . A t e a c h end, t h e r e is a hinged s u p p o r t f r a m e w i t h s l i d e
l a t c h e s . T h e s h e l f h a s two p i v o t s s o t h a t it c a n be folded l e n g t h w i s e ,
m a k i n g s t o r a g e e a s i e r . When s t o r e d , it i s 2 4 . 5 by 6 by 1 i n c h e s .
T h e w o r k i n g t o p of t h e s h e l f i s s u r f a c e d with V e l c r o hook m a t e r i a l .
I t e m s t h a t w i l l be u s e d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e s h e l f w i l l be equipped w i t h
Velcro pile m a t e r i a l , facilitating z e r o - g r e s t r a i n t .
VELCRO
___--- /<
/- PRONG s
SLIDE LATCH-
C R E W M A N I N - F L I G H T TOOL SET A N D W O R K S H E L F ( G F P )
6- 36
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA -03-SCO12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
T h e w a t e r d i s p e n s e r a s s e m b l y c o n s i s t s of a n aluminum mounting
b r a c k e t , a coiled h o s e , a n d a w a t e r d e l i v e r y valve in the f o r m of a push-
button a c t u a t e d pistol. The p i s t o l i s G F E . It m e t e r s one-half ounce p o r t i o n s
of w a t e r when the pushbutton i s p r e s s e d . An a c c u m u l a t i v e c o u n t e r i s a l s o on
the s i d e . It h a s a s a f e t y pushbutton to p r e v e n t d i s c h a r g e of w a t e r when
p a s s i n g the pistol f r o m one c r e w m a n t o t h e o t h e r . T h e uncoiled h o s e \vi11
- ,
TYGON TUBING
F i g u r e 6-22. C r e w m a n Water D i s p e n s e r A s s e m b l y
6. 12 FOOD.
6. 1 2 . 1 USE.
6. 12. 2 STOWAGE.
6. 12. 2. 1 L E B F o o d Stowaee C o m p a r t m e n t .
T h e a u x i l i a r y food c o m p a r t m e n t d r a w e r i s a 3 - p l y , f i b e r g l a s s box
0 . 0 3 0 i n c h e s thick. The f r o n t h a s a n e t c l o s u r e hinged a t the bottom and
attached a t t h e top by Velcro. It i s supported s t r u c t u r a l l y on a n a l u m i n u m
shelf and two s h e e t a l u m i n u m s t o p s in t h e Z - Z direction. I t s r e a r s i d e
f i t s a g a i n s t the i n n e r s t r u c t u r e face s h e e t . An a l u m i n u m d o o r holds the
d r a w e r in and g i v e s s t r u c t u r a l support.
FOOD-PERSONAL HYGIENE ( G F P )
TOOTH B RUS H
(1 EACH ASTRONAUT)
I-
YNGESTABLE
GUM PACK
n
/ (2 STICKS PER PACK)
TOWELS e*-.
,
CS-5501D i
F i g u r e 6-23. P e r s o n a l Hygiene I t e m s
PERSONAL HYGIENE ( G F P )
-
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
6. 13. 4 TO WE LS.
T h e t o w e l s will be u s e d f o r utility p u r p o s e s . T h e r e a r e 2 1 , e a c h
1 2 by 12 i n c h e s , and packaged i n 3 p l a s t i c bags. One bag i s stowed on the
left couch, and two b a g s a r e stowed i n the RHEB.
6. 14 MEDICAL S U P P L I E S ( G F P ) .
T h e r e i s a r e q u i r e m e n t f o r p e r i o d i c m e a s u r e m e n t s of body t e m p e r -
a t u r e , blood p r e s s u r e , h e a r t b e a t r a t e , and r e s p i r a t o r y r a t e t o b e logged
by the c r e w m a n . T h i s s e t of i n s t r u m e n t s will a c c o m p l i s h t h e m e a s u r e -
m e n t s . The i n s t r u m e n t s include the following:
0 Individual t h e r m o m e t e r s f o r body t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s
0 .Aneroid s p h y g m o m a n o m e t e r for m e a s u r i n g blood p r e s s u r e
0 Stethoscope for h e a r t beat m e a s u r e m e n t .
~~
0 2 electrocardiographs (ECG)
0 Respiration rate,
i E C G No. 1
0 ECG No. 2 o r phonocardiograph ( u s e s same p r e a m p l i f i e r )
0 Respi,ration r a t e
6. 14. 1 . 4 B i o i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n A c c e s s o r i e s Kit.
MEDICAL S U P P L I E S ( C F P )
CREW PERSONAL E Q U I P M E N T
6. 14. 1 . 5 P e r s o n a l Radiation D o s i m e t e r s .
T h e c r e w will w e a r f i v e p a s s i v e d o s i m e t e r s in t h e f o r m of f i l m p a c k s
in t h e CWG. One c r e w m a n will a l s o w e a r a n ionization c h a m b e r of t h e
a c t i v e type in h i s CWG. P e r s o n a l d o s i m e t e r i n f o r m a t i o n will not b e
telemetered.
6. 1 4 . 2 MEDICAL KIT ( G F P ) .
The m e d i c a l s u p p l i e s a r e contained in o r a l d r u g s , i n j e c t a b l e d r u g s ,
d r e s s i n g s , t o p i c a l a g e n t s , and an i n h a l e r . The content of t h e m e d i c a l
kit i s a s iollows:
Oral Drugs
D a r v o n compound 65 F e v e r , pain r e d u c e r 12
Globaline S u p p r e s s e s infection 50
of gastro-inte s t i n a l
system
Dexedrine Stimulant 12
Acromycin (250 m g ) 24
E l e c t i v e m e d i c at ion 9
MEDICAL S U P P L I E S ( G F P )
.
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 6-43
SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
Dressings
It em Qty Reqd
6. 14. 2 . 1
6. 15 SURVIVAL KIT ( G F P ) .
6 . 15. 1 STOWAGE.
SURVIVAL KIT ( G F P )
6- 44
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA - 0 3 - S C O 12
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
-
CREW PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
BIOMED INSTRUMENTATION
M ICROPORE
~ D l S C S
n WET W I P E
CLOTHS
.Q 1‘ ELECTRODE
PASTE
MEDIC-AL S U P P L I E S ( G F P ) - S U R V I V A L KIT ( G F P )
cs- 70000
CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
6. 15. 4. 2 Beacon/ T r a n s c e i v e r .
T h e UHF b e a c o n / t r a n s c e i v e r is a h a n d - h e l d , b a t t e r y - p o w e r e d r a d i o ,
f i x e d - t u n e d t o a V H F f r e q u e n c y of 2 4 3 m c a n d m a n u f a c t u r e d by S p e r r y
P h o e n i x C o m p a n y . T h e r a d i o c o n s i s t s of a r e c e i v e r - t r a n s m i t t e r a s s e m b l y ,
a b a t t e r y p a c k a s s e m b l y , a n d a q u a r t e r - w a v e a n t e n n a ( f i g u r e 6-26). T h e
r e c e i v e r - t r a n s m i t t e r a s s e m b l y a n d b a t t e r y pack a s s e m b l y m a t e t o f o r m a
w a t e r t i g h t u n i t m e a s u r i n g 8 by 4-112 by 3 i n c h e s . T h e a n t e n n a i s a n 1 1 - 1 / 2 -
inch-long tapered, flexible s t e e l tape, terminating i n a coaxial R F connector,
a n d is n o r m a l l y s t o r e d i n a r e t a i n i n g s p o o l a n d c l i p on t o p of t h e r a d i o u n i t .
T h e r a d i o i s c a p a b l e of l i n e - o f - s i g h t o p e r a t i o n i n e i t h e r of two m o d e s
( b e a c o n o r v o i c e ) t h r o u g h u s e of e i t h e r its own a n t e n n a o r a s u i t a b l e
ANTENNA 51
SELECTOR GUARD
MODE SELECTOR
F i g u r e 6-26. S u r v i v a l B e a c o n / T r a n s c e i v e r Radio
-
SURVIVAL KIT ( C F P )
The following is a s u m m a t i o n of t h e o p e r a t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :
~~ ~
Modulation 90 - p e r c e n t 25 percent
maximum
6. 15. 4. 3 S u r v i v a l Lights ( 2 ) .
6. 15. 4. 4 Survival G l a s s e s ( 3 ) .
F o r p r o t e c t i o n of the e y e s a g a i n s t the s u n a n d g l a r e , t h r e e s u r v i v a l
g l a s s e s a r e included. They a r e a p o l a r i z e d p l a s t i c s h e e t with S i e r r a Coat
111, a gold coating t h a t r e f l e c t s h e a t a n d r a d i o waves.
SURVIVAL K I T ( G F P )
- III5CHARC.F VALVE
DISCHARGE
HOSE
BELLOWS
9
FINGER HOLD’
ADAPTER
/ c i i i n c ci iin
SURVJXAL KIT ( G F P )
l2 1966 Change ,Date Page 6-49
Miss ion Basic Date
SM2A-03-SCO 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
6. 16 S T O W AGE.
I4 TOWELI' C O W M T M E M
A 14 TOWELS (? P K G 9
-
STOW
ARU
LHEl
SIOWAGE ITEMS I
61 C O W R DATA Flu MG
clolrlr!GJ
4
63
A
1-HA;H)U
VOOD' COWUIMEM
FOOD STOW SW C O N 1
I
64 UWC IYN)AL' C O W
A
b
C
b5 T-WNDLE
-
64
STOW LWfI
ARU STOWAGE ITEMS
A7
A
D
C
UUI, SENSOR L U I U
Y
68 M U W M 4 N VMILASY'S
A 3 0 HOSf ASSY W L Z L E S
D
C
D
3CdUA CAWS
3 ?GA ELEC ADAITERS
3 EUCT. C O W 7' ADUTERS
I
4
LEFT HAND EQUIPMENT BAY (WEB) AFT BULKHEAD (AB)
-
I
'.lENT BAY (WEB)
-.. .
.. -,
..
..
-
STOW AFT bVLKHEAD
-
ARC* STOWAGE I T E M STOW
*IC*
LWEI
STOWAGE ITEMS
21 3PCA HEL STON MGS
A 3 c o w SOFT M T S S IDWALL & HATCH 'LOOSE PARTS- COMPARIUSM
I 3 LIGHTWEIGHT HEADSETS G I N SHORT M N D H O U )
G I N LONG HANDtioK)U)
26 R/H PGA STOW MG LEI IO1 CONTROL MOUM
A R/H SLEEV RESTRAINT LONG SEXTANT EYEPIECE
27 C O W M T M M 3. FAN CLOSUE
A SPARE U l N f LINE FILTER
I CREW OS 4 L I G N SlGMl L WATER DISPENSER (PlSlOU
?OWER CORD
C I COAS WLI 6 SPAR1
D 2 WK'S
21 C O W M T M M 7'
A Moos CAMUA WKT
I PPK
n C O W M T M t M 'Y'
D COWARTMEN1 '2'
A 9 PENLIGHTS
Y" I
S U V KIT R K K U C K (I)
SWV K I l R K K U C K (2)
Y
RntI
STOWAGE ITEMS
STOWAGE l l W S
Y A C U J M CLL*NfR* C W M T U L M
V A C W M CLEANER ASSY W,%OY CREW COUCHES
5 VAC C L U N REF MG ASSY'S
Ff OVrU MG a2 ITA I RO~ATO-N CONTROL
DEUlS MG
GERMICIDE POUCH u EMERGENtY M?DK*L KIT 1
T I UNO
Y TRAM CONTROL ADAPTER ~
'ELECT ADAPTERS' C O W
3CwG ELECT ADAPTERS
I SLECP ElEC ADAPTERS
1
'SANITATION I V I L I E S ' C O W
Y N SUI IOXES A. B b C
5 l U N SUP ASSYY
'FDODCWAlIULM
ALK FOOD CONTAINER
FIGURE 1 - 5 1
Missit
SM2A -03-SCO12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
CREW P E R S O N A L E Q U I P M E N T
I-A) LEI
21 -0 AFT WtxnfAD
I
RUE1
STOWAGE AREAS
TUNML
STOWAGE llfW 11 - 60 LHFfl. RWEB, SIDEWALL IHATCH,
I
M N CAWU w/ 71 - m anti
UM
WlDf ANGLE -
81 99 CREW C O L K H IK K K S M L F
im - cww UIUEL
1
I
CREW C O U C H
STOWAGE llflu
STOW
uu
I T A I LW *Ikl(EST, RAl 24/20 PCA
1 KICK-SHELF
STOWAGf IlfMS
1 'D' R I N G U l I N MNDU
STOWAGE
E013ML131-
SMZA - 0 3 -SCO 12
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEM SCHEMATICS
SECTION 7
SYSTEM SCHEMATlCS
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SYSTEM SCHEMATICS
APPENDIX A
A P P E N D I X -4