Choosing The Correct Statistical Test in SAS, Stata, SPSS and R

Institute for Digital Research and Education
CHOOSING THE CORRECT STATISTICAL TEST IN SAS, STATA, SPSS AND R

The following table shows general guidelines for choosing a statistical analysis. We emphasize that these are general
guidelines and should not be construed as hard and fast rules. Usually your data could be analyzed in multiple ways,
each of which could yield legitimate answers. The table below covers a number of common analyses and helps you
choose among them based on the number of dependent variables (sometimes referred to as outcome variables), the
nature of your independent variables (sometimes referred to as predictors). You also want to consider the nature of
your dependent variable, namely whether it is an interval variable, ordinal or categorical variable, and whether it is
normally distributed (see What is the difference between categorical, ordinal and interval variables?
(https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/other/mult-pkg/whatstat/what-is-the-difference-between-categorical-ordinal-and-interval-
variables/) for more information on this). The table then shows one or more statistical tests commonly used given these
types of variables (but not necessarily the only type of test that could be used) and links showing how to do such tests
using SAS, Stata and SPSS.
Number of Nature of Nature of Dependent Variable(s) Test(s) How to SAS How to Stata How to SPSS
Dependent Independent (https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/other/mult-
Variables Variables pkg/whatstat/what-is-the-difference-
between-categorical-ordinal-and-
interval-variables/)
1 0 IVs (1 population) SAS
Stata SPSS
(/sas/whatstat/what- (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
statistical-analysis-
one-sample statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
interval & normal should-i-
t-test should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using- analyses-using-
analyses-using-
stata/#1sampt) spss/#1sampt)
sas/#1sampt)
SAS
Stata SPSS
(/sas/whatstat/what-
(/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
one-sample statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
ordinal or interval should-i-
median should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using- analyses-using- analyses-using-
stata/#1sampm) spss/#1sampm)
sas/#1sampm)
SAS
Stata SPSS
statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
categorical (2 categories) binomial test should-i-
should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#bitest) spss/#bitest)
sas/#bitest)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Chi-square statistical-analysis-
categorical goodness- should-i-
of-fit usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#chifit) spss/#chifit)
sas/#chifit)
1 IV with 2 levels SAS
Stata SPSS
(independent (/sas/whatstat/what-
groups) (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
2 statistical-analysis- statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
interval & normal independent should-i-
sample t-test usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#2ittest) spss/#2ittest)
sas/#2ittest)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Wilcoxon- statistical-analysis-
ordinal or interval Mann should-i-
Whitney test usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#wilc) spss/#wilc)
sas/#wilc)
categorical SAS
Stata SPSS
Chi-square statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
should-i-
test should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#chisq) spss/#chisq)
sas/#chisq)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Fisher’s statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
should-i-
exact test should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
stata/#exact) spss/#exact)
sas/#exact)
1 IV with 2 or more SAS
Stata SPSS
levels (independent (/sas/whatstat/what-
one-way statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
ANOVA should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#1anova) spss/#1anova)
sas/#1anova)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Kruskal statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
Wallis should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#kw) spss/#kw)
sas/#kw)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Chi-square statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
categorical should-i-
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#chisq) spss/#chisq)
sas/#chisq)
1 IV with 2 levels SAS
(dependent/matched Stata SPSS
(/sas/whatstat/what- (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
groups) (/sas/whatstat/what- (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
statistical-analysis- statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
interval & normal paired t-test
should-i- should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical- analyses-using- analyses-using-
analyses-using- stata/#pairt) spss/#pairt)
sas/#pairt)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Wilcoxon statistical-analysis-
ordinal or interval signed ranks should-i-
test usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#wilcsign) spss/#wilcsign)
sas/#wilcsign)
SAS
Stata SPSS
statistical-analysis- statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
categorical McNemar should-i-
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#Mcnemar) spss/#Mcnemar)
sas/#Mcnemar)
1 IV with 2 or more SAS
Stata SPSS
levels (/sas/whatstat/what-
(dependent/matched one-way (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
groups) repeated statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
measures should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
ANOVA analyses-using- analyses-using-
analyses-using-
stata/#1repanova) spss/#1repanova
sas/#1repanova)
SAS
Stata SPSS
Friedman statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#fried) spss/#fried)
sas/#fried)
SAS
Stata SPSS
repeated (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
measures statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
categorical should-i-
logistic should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
regression usestatistical- analyses-using- analyses-using-
analyses-using-
stata/#1replog) spss/#1replog)
sas/#1replog)
2 or more IVs SAS
Stata SPSS
(independent (/sas/whatstat/what-
factorial statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
ANOVA should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#factanov) spss/#factanov)
sas/#factanov)
SAS
Stata SPSS
ordered statistical-analysis-
ordinal or interval logistic should-i-
regression usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#orderedlogistic) spss/#orderedlog
sas/#orderedlogistic)
SAS
Stata SPSS
factorial statistical-analysis-
categorical logistic should-i-
analyses-using-
stata/#faclogistic) spss/#faclogistic
sas/#faclogistic)
1 interval IV SAS
Stata SPSS
interval & normal correlation should-i-
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#corr) spss/#corr)
sas/#corr)
SAS
Stata SPSS
simple linear statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
regression should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#simpreg) spss/#simpreg)
sas/#simpreg)
SAS
Stata SPSS
non- statistical-analysis-
ordinal or interval parametric should-i-
correlation usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#nonparr) spss/#nonparr)
sas/#nonparr)
SAS
(/sas/whatstat/what- Stata SPSS
(/sas/whatstat/what- Stata SPSS
simple statistical-analysis- (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
categorical logistic should-i- statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
regression usestatistical- should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
sas/#simplog) stata/#simplog) spss/#simplog)
1 or more interval IVs interval & normal SAS
Stata SPSS
and/or 1 or more (/sas/whatstat/what-
categorical IVs (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
multiple statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
should-i-
regression should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#multreg) spss/#multreg)
sas/#multreg)
SAS
Stata SPSS
analysis of statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
should-i-
covariance should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#ancova) spss/#ancova)
sas/#ancova)
categorical SAS
Stata SPSS
multiple statistical-analysis-
logistic should-i-
analyses-using-
stata/#logistic) spss/#logistic)
sas/#logistic)
SAS
Stata SPSS
discriminant statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
should-i-
analysis should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#discrim) spss/#discrim)
sas/#discrim)
2+ 1 IV with 2 or more SAS
Stata SPSS
levels (independent (/sas/whatstat/what-
one-way statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
MANOVA should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#manova) spss/#manova)
sas/#manova)
2+ SAS
Stata SPSS
multivariate (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
multiple statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
linear should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
regression analyses-using- analyses-using-
analyses-using-
stata/#mmreg) spss/#mmreg)
sas/#mmreg)
0 SAS
Stata SPSS
factor statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
analysis should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#factor) spss/#factor)
sas/#factor)
2 sets of 0 SAS
Stata SPSS
2+ (/sas/whatstat/what-
statistical-analysis- (/stata/whatstat/what- (/spss/whatstat/w
canonical statistical-analysis- statistical-analysi
correlation should-i-usestatistical- should-i-usestatis
usestatistical-
analyses-using-
stata/#cancor) spss/#cancor)
sas/#cancor)
Number of Nature of Nature of Dependent Variable(s) Test(s) How to SAS How to Stata How to SPSS
Dependent Independent (https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/other/mult-
Variables Variables
pkg/whatstat/what-is-the-difference-
between-categorical-ordinal-and-
interval-variables/)
This page was adapted from Choosing the Correct Statistic developed by James D. Leeper, Ph.D. We thank Professor
Leeper for permission to adapt and distribute this page from our site.

Click here to report an error on this page or leave a comment

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