Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Material science is primarily concerned with the search for the basic
knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processing of
materials.
Classification of Materials
Metals: metals are good conductors of electricity & heat . metals are strong ductile & tough they
can be deformable, which accounts for their extensive use in structural applications. Metals &
alloys are divided in two classes. 1. Ferrous metals & alloys (that contains large amount of iron
ex. Steels & cast irons) 2. Non-ferrous metals & alloys (that do not contain iron or relatively a
small amount of iron) ex. Copper, zinc, titanium & Nickel.
Ceramics: atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and are bound
by Coulomb forces. They are usually combinations of metals or
semiconductors with oxygen, nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides, and
carbides). Hard, brittle, insulators. Examples: glass, porcelain.
Polymers: are bound by covalent forces and also by weak van der Waals
forces, and usually based on C and H. They decompose at moderate
temperatures (100⁰ – 400 ⁰C), and are lightweight. Examples: plastics, polyethylene, Phenolics,
PVC, rubber.
Composite materials: composite materials are mixtures of two or more materials. Most
composite materials consist of selected filler or reinforcing materials and compatible resin binder
to obtain the specific characteristics and desired properties. Examples are fiber glass reinforcing
materials in polyesters or epoxy matrix and carbon fiber in epoxy matrix.
Table.1.Representative examples, applications and properties of materials.
Crystal systems:-
• Seven crystal systems
• Fourteen Bravais
lattices
• Cubic and Hexagonal
systems: 90% of all
metals have a cubic or
hexagonal structure