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Remote Sensing
Remote sensing can be considered as the identification or survey of objects by
indirect means using naturally existing or artificially created force fields. Of
most significant impact are systems using force fields of the electromagnetic
spectrum that permit the user to directionally separate the reflected energy
from the object in images.
The first sensor capable of storing an image, which could be later inter-
preted, was the photographic emulsion, discovered by Nièpce and Daguerre
in 1839. When images were projected through lenses onto the photographic
emulsion, the photographic camera became the first practical remote sensing
device around 1850.
As early as 1859, photographs taken from balloons were used for military
applications in the battle of Solferino in Italy and later during the American
Civil War. Only after the invention of the aircraft in 1903 by the Wright brothers
did a suitable platform for aerial reconnaissance become of standard use. This
was demonstrated in World War I, during which the first aerial survey camera
was developed by C. Messter of the Carl Zeiss Company in Germany in 1915.
Aerial photographic interpretation was extended into many application fields
(e.g., glaciology, forestry, agriculture, archaeology), but during World War II it
again became the primary reconnaissance tool on all sides.
In Britain and Germany, development of infrared sensing devices began,
and Britain was successful in developing the first radar in the form of the plan