Profesor:

Ricardo Espino L.

ÁLGEBRA
 FUNCIONES
1.- DEFINICIÓN
𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑋 𝑦 𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠. 𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑓 𝑑𝑒 𝑋 𝑎 𝑌 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑢𝑛 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌.
𝐷𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 , 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠:

∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃! 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 → 𝑓 𝑥1 = 𝑓(𝑥2 )

𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, ∃! 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∧ 𝑓 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑓 𝑥2 → 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2
𝐴 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑫𝑰𝑪𝑰Ó𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑫𝑨𝑫

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑜 𝐷𝑜𝑚 𝑓 𝑎𝑠í 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑪𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐

𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑌.

𝐸𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒙 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑓 𝑎𝑠í 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑥 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒚 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑓.

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟á 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑌 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑚á𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠.
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜: 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑓: 𝑋 = 𝑒, 𝑤, 𝑔 → 𝑌 = {2, 3, 5, 7}
𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟: 𝑓 = { 𝑒, 3 , 𝑤, 7 , 𝑔, 7 }

𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑣𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.

1. −𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟:

𝑓 𝑒 =3 , 𝑓 𝑤 =7 , 𝑓(𝑔) = 7

2. −𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑓 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑓 𝑥2 → 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒.

∴ 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒:

𝑋 = 𝑒, 𝑤, 𝑔 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓, 𝑎𝑠í 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑌 = 2, 3, 5, 7 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎.

𝐿𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑒𝑠 4 𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 7 𝑒𝑠 𝑤, 𝑔 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 𝑤 = 𝑓 𝑔 = 7

𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓, 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎 3, 7 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑚á𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠.
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠:
𝑋 𝑌
.2
e.
.3
w.
.5
g.
.7

𝐷𝑜𝑚 𝑓 = 𝑋 = {𝑒, 𝑤, 𝑔} 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 = 𝑌 = {2,3,5,7}

𝑅𝑎𝑛 𝑓 = {3; 7}
𝑂𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚á𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑎 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑻𝒂𝒐 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜 𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒔 𝑰 (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 1)

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑦 𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌

𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜

𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑃 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑋 𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑜

𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑓 𝑥 ∈ 𝑌 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑓 𝑥

𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃 𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑒𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎.

𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟:
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 ↔ 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜: 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑋 = ℤ+ , 𝑌 = ℤ+ 𝑦 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑓á𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ+ 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥.

𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ+ 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1

𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ+ , 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑟í𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ+ 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟í𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 1 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1

𝐷𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑟í𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ0+ 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1

𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑓: ℤ+ → ℤ0+ , 𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥−1

 𝐷𝑒 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑟í𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑅𝑎í𝑧 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ
𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖á𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑃 𝑥; 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑦 2 = 𝑥

𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑟í𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 2 𝑒𝑠 𝑥

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒓í𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊ó𝒏:

1. − 𝐸𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟
𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑥 = −1.

𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒅𝒓í𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒍 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒐 𝒂 [𝟎: +∞[

2. − 𝐸𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑒𝑛 [0 + ∞[ 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟í𝑎𝑛 𝑚á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦

𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒅𝒓í𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒍 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝒂 [𝟎: +∞[

𝐷𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑟í𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑟𝑎í𝑧 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎:

𝑓: [0: +∞[→ [0: +∞[ , 𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
2.- GRÁFICA DE UNA FUNCIÓN
𝑆𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠:

{ 𝑥; 𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓}
Y
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:
𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓: [0: +∞[ → [0: +∞[, 𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠:
3
X Y 2
1
1 1
X
4 2 1 4 9
9 3
16 4
3.- LA PRUEBA DE LA LÍNEA VERTICAL
𝐴𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙, 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟á 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐴𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟á𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑛 2 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.
GRÁFICAS
CONOCIDAS:
4.- GRÁFICA DE FUNCIÓN CUADRÁTICA:
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 ℝ 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑎 ≠ 0

𝐿𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟á𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑐ó𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜.
𝐸𝑙 𝑐á𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝐿𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟á 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 "𝑎"
𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎
Y 𝑉é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒: (ℎ; 𝑘)
𝑏
ℎ=− 𝑘 = 𝑓(ℎ)
2𝑎
𝒂<𝟎

X
𝐸𝑙 𝑐á𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑦 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟á𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑥 = 0
𝒂>𝟎
𝐸𝑙 𝑐á𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟á𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑦 = 0

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 ú𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜.

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:

𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 ℝ

𝑌𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠 − 1, 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑐ó𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜.

𝐸𝑙 𝑐á𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: Y
4
ℎ=− =2
2 −1 𝑉
𝑘 = 𝑓 ℎ = 𝑓 2 = −22 + 4.2 + 12 = 16 16
𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑛 (2; 16) (0; 12)
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑌:
𝑥=0
𝑓 0 = 12 (0; 12)
X
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑋: 2 (6; 0)
(−2; 0)
𝑦=0
−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
𝑥−6 𝑥+2 =0
𝑥 = 6 ∨ 𝑥 = −2 6; 0 𝑦 (−2; 0)
5.- ESBOZO DE LA GRÁFICA DE UNA FUNCIÓN POLINÓMICA

𝐻𝑎𝑦 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑋, 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒.
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜: 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎#3

𝐹 𝑥 = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 2

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒:

𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 + ∞ 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑖𝑟á ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 − ∞
𝑦 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 − ∞𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑖𝑟á ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 + ∞

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑋

𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑥 = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
− 𝑥−1 2 𝑥+2 =0

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 1; 0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 −2; 0 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒)

6.- FUNCIÓN DEFINIDA POR INTERVALOS

𝑓1 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓2 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷2
𝑓3 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷3

𝑫𝒇 = 𝑫𝟏 ∪ 𝑫𝟐 ∪ 𝑫𝟑

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑓1 𝑥 , 𝑓2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑓3 𝑥

𝑹𝒇 = 𝑹𝟏 ∪ 𝑹𝟐 ∪ 𝑹𝟑
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜: 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎#13

𝑓2 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 5; 𝑥≥3

𝑥≥3 → 2𝑥 ≥ 6
→ 2𝑥 − 5 ≥ 1
→ 𝑓2 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑅2 = [1; +∞[
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒:

𝑓1 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4; 𝑥<3 𝑹𝒇 = 𝑹𝟏 ∪ 𝑹𝟐

𝑥<3 → 𝑥2 ≥ 0 𝑹𝒇 = [−4; +∞[ ∪ [1; +∞[

→ 𝑥 2 − 4 ≥ −4 𝑹𝒇 = [−4; +∞[
→ 𝑓1 (𝑥) ≥ −4 𝑅1 = [−4; +∞[
7.- CÁLCULO DEL DOMINIO Y RANGO

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙, 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟á 𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒:

𝑪Á𝑳𝑪𝑼𝑳𝑶 𝑫𝑬𝑳 𝑫𝑶𝑴𝑰𝑵𝑰𝑶:

𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑥
𝑆𝑖 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛, 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡é 𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠.

1. −
2𝑛
𝑃 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ → 𝑃 𝑥 ≥0 𝑃 𝑥
2. − ∈ ℝ → 𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑄 𝑥

𝑪Á𝑳𝑪𝑼𝑳𝑶 𝑫𝑬𝑳 𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑮𝑶:

𝑆𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑌𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜, 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑟á 𝑎 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑦𝑎 𝑎𝑑𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑓 𝑥
𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟, 𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎.
 PROBLEMAS RESUELTOS

PROBLEMA:

𝐹 −1 = 𝐺(1)

−𝑎 − 1 = 3 + 𝑏

−𝑎 − 𝑏 = 4

SOLUCIÓN:
𝐹 1 = 𝐺(−1) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 = −3 𝑏 = −1

𝑎 − 1 = −3 + 𝑏
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐹 𝑥 = −3𝑥 − 1 𝑦 𝐺 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 1
𝑎 − 𝑏 = −2
𝑫𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑭 𝟐 + 𝑮 𝟑 = −𝟕 + 𝟖 = 𝟏
PROBLEMA:

2𝑎 + 𝑏 ≤ 𝐹(𝑥) ≤ 𝑎 + 𝑏

2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −826
SOLUCIÓN: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 122
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 ∈ 1; 2 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟:
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒:
1≤𝑥≤2
𝑎 = −948 𝑦 𝑏 = 1070
𝐸𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜:
2𝑎 ≤ 𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 𝒃 − 𝟐𝒂 = 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟔

2𝑎 + 𝑏 ≤ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ≤ 𝑎 + 𝑏
PROBLEMA:
Y

SOLUCIÓN:

𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑐ó𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜

𝑌 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑎í𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡é𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 3, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟á 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑟:

𝑃(3) > 0

−18 − 9 + 2𝑛 − 1 > 0

𝑛 > 14
PROBLEMA:
(𝑥 − 2)𝐹 𝑥 = 5𝑥

𝑥𝐹 𝑥 − 2𝐹(𝑥) = 5𝑥

𝑥𝐹 𝑥 − 5𝑥 = 2𝐹(𝑥)

𝑥(𝐹 𝑥 − 5) = 2𝐹(𝑥)

2𝐹(𝑥)
𝑥=
SOLUCIÓN: 𝐹 𝑥 −5
5𝑥
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐹 𝑥 = 15𝑥
𝑥−2 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝐹 3𝑥 =
3𝑥 − 2
15𝑥
𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝐹 3𝑥 =
3𝑥 − 2 2𝐹(𝑥)
15. 𝟏𝟓𝑭(𝒙)
𝐹 𝑥 −5
𝐹 3𝑥 = =
2𝐹(𝑥) 𝟐𝑭 𝒙 + 𝟓
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐹(𝑥) 3. −2
𝐹 𝑥 −5
PROBLEMA:
𝐸𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜.

𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 − 𝑥2

2𝑦 = 2 + 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2𝑦 = 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 2

2𝑦 = 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 − 1 2

𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 → 0 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 2
SOLUCIÓN: 2
−1 ≤ 2𝑥 − 1 ≤ 1 → 0 ≤ 2𝑥 − 1 ≤1
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 2
−1 ≤ − 2𝑥 − 1 ≤0
𝑥 − 𝑥2 ≥ 0
2
𝑥2 − 𝑥 ≤ 0 0 ≤ 1 − 2𝑥 − 1 ≤1

𝑥(𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0 0≤ 1 − 2𝑥 − 1 2 ≤1
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 ∈ [0; 1] 2 ≤ 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 − 1 2 ≤3
𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑓 = [0; 1] 3 𝟑
2 ≤ 2𝑦 ≤ 3 → 1≤𝑦≤ 𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒇 = 𝟏;
2 𝟐
PROBLEMA: 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠:

𝑎−𝑥 𝑎 𝑏𝑥
= 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑏 −
𝑦 𝑏 𝑎
𝑏𝑥
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝑥. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑏 − 𝑎 2𝑏𝑥
2
𝑎𝑏
𝑎
𝐴 𝑥 =− −𝑏 +
4𝑏 𝑎 4
𝑏𝑥 2
𝐴 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥 −
𝑎 2
2𝑏𝑥
−𝑏 ≥0
4𝑏𝐴 𝑥 4𝑏2 𝑥 4𝑏2 𝑥 2 𝑎
− =− +
SOLUCIÓN: 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎2 2
𝑎 2𝑏𝑥
4𝑏𝐴 𝑥 4𝑏2 𝑥 2 4𝑏2 𝑥 − −𝑏 ≤0
− = − 4𝑏 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎
2
𝑏 2 𝑎 2𝑏𝑥 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
4𝑏𝐴 𝑥 2𝑏𝑥 𝐴 𝑥 =− −𝑏 + ≤
𝑦 − = −𝑏 − 𝑏2 4𝑏 𝑎 4 4
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥
𝒂𝒃
𝑎−𝑥 𝟎<𝑨 𝒙 ≤
𝟒
PROBLEMA:

𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7
−3 ≤ 𝑥 − 4 ≤ 3
0≤ 𝑥−4 2 ≤9
−9 ≤ − 𝑥 − 4 2 ≤ 0
2
0≤9− 𝑥−4 ≤9

0≤ 9− 𝑥−4 2 ≤3
SOLUCIÓN:
0≤2 9− 𝑥−4 2 ≤6
𝑦 =𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥−1+ 7−𝑥
6≤6+2 9− 𝑥−4 2 ≤ 12
𝑦2 = 𝑥 − 1 + 7 − 𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 − 1)(7 − 𝑥)
6 ≤ 𝑦 2 ≤ 12
𝑦 2 = 6 + 2 −𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 7
𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
𝑦2 = 6 + 2 9 − 𝑥 − 4 2
6≤𝑦≤2 3
PROBLEMA:
3
−2 ≤ <0
𝑥+2

𝑥+2 1
≤−
3 2

3
𝑥+2≤−
2

7
𝑥≤−
SOLUCIÓN: 2
𝑥−1 𝟕
𝑦=𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑫𝒐𝒎𝒇 =] − ∞; − ]
𝑥+2 𝟐
𝑥−1
1< ≤3
𝑥+2
−3
0< ≤2
𝑥+2
PROBLEMA:

𝐺= 𝑥 − 1 2; 1 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝐺= 𝑥−1 ; 𝑥−1 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝐺 𝑠í 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑟á 𝑙𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

SOLUCIÓN:

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑡 = 5 26; 6 ∈ 𝐹
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 = 5 𝑦 = 4 1; 4 ∈ 𝐹
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑡 = −5 26; −4 ∈ 𝐹
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 = 6 𝑦 = 5 1; 5 ∈ 𝐹
𝐻 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝐹 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
PROBLEMA: SOLUCIÓN:
𝑌𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑥2
0≤ ≤2
2
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐹 =2 − 1 = 𝑥2 − 1
2 2

𝑌𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 5 ≤ 9

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐹 2𝑥 + 5 = 1

𝒙𝟐
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝑭 + 𝑭 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 + 𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐
𝟐
CLAVES:

8) 59
9) E
14) 0
16) C
18) C
19) A
20) E