Experiment 1:

Title: Learning about plant and animal cell.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To examine and draw a singled celled animals and

plants under the microscope

Materials: monographs and slides of some unicellular organism’s

e.g. Amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium, chlamydomonas,

spirogyra, and salt solutions.

Method/procedures: The slides of these unicellular organisms

are prepared and mounted on an electron microscope. The

magnifying knob is adjusted until a clear picture of the organism

is clearly visible.

Experiment 2:

Title: Effect of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution on

cells and tissues.

Duration: 2hrs
Objective: To observe the effect of hypertonic, hypotonic and

isotonic solution cell plasma.

Materials: Test tubes, distilled water, 0.85% sodium chloride

solution, 3.0% sodium chloride solution, mammalian fresh blood,

beaker, etc.

Method/procedures: prepare three test tubes A, B and C

containing the following:

Test-tube A 1cm3 of distilled water

Test-tube B 1cm3 of 0.85% sodium chloride solution

Test-tube C 1cm3 of 3.0% sodium chloride solution

Add few drops of fresh mammalian blood to each test tube and

shake the contents well. Examine a drop of solution from each

test tube immediately, and after sometimes. Observe and report

what happens to the red blood cells.

Experiment 3:

Title: Shapes and structure of plant and animal cells.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To observe and draw samples of plant and animal

cells.

Materials: slides of both plants and animal cells, Electron

microscope.

Method/procedures: The slides of plant and animal cells are

prepared and mounted on a microscope. The magnifying knob is

adjusted until the structures are clearly visible.

Experiment 4:

Title: Identification of stages of cell division.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To observe and draw the different stages of mitosis

and meiosis.

Materials: slides of various stages of mitosis and meiosis,

motion pictures, charts, electron microscope.

Method/procedure: The slides of the various stages of mitosis

and meiosis are prepared and mounted on an electron

microscope. The magnifying knob is adjusted until the structures

are clearly visible.

Experiment 5:

Title: Effect of solutions of different strengths on plant cell

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To observe the effect of solutions of different

strengths on plant cell.

Materials: Onion bulb, razor blade, distilled water, sugar,

microscope.

Method/procedures: peel off thin sheets of cells from the

freshly scale leaves of an onion bulb. Place a thin sheet of cell in a

drop of water and examine the cell under a microscope. Next,

place another thin sheet of cell in a drop of strong sugar solution

and examine the cell under a microscope. After sometimes, blot

off the sugar solution, add water and examine the cell again.
Experiment 6:

Title: DNA extraction.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To observe a homemade extraction of our own DNA.

Materials: transparent glass, salt, liquid soap, grape fruit juice,

and alcohol (e.g. disinfectant, rum, vodka, etc.)

Method/procedures: The first step consists of spitting on the

glass and adding a pinch of salt to it. Then, add some liquid soap

(like the one you used for washing the dishes), juice from a

grapefruit, and some drops of alcohol. Once you have everything

on the glass, stir the mixture and allow to settled down.

The white mucous filaments you observe on top of the mixture is

your DNA.

Explanation: The saliva contains cells from your mouth that

have DNA inside them. The detergent is used to break down the
membranes that protect the DNA, and releases it into the

recipient. The salt makes DNA denature and precipitate, while the

grapefruit juice neutralizes the proteins that could damage the

DNA.

Experiment 7:

Title: Heat production during seed germination.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: to prove that germinating seeds produce heat.

Materials: pea seeds, vacuum flask, cotton wool, thermometer,

formalin solution, clips and retort stands.

Method/procedures: The two vacuum flasks A and B are set-up

as follows:

Flask A is filled with germinating pea seed

Flask B is filled with dry pea seed, and both inverted.

Few drops of formalin sprinkled over the seeds in the two flasks to

prevent fungal or bacterial growth. Thermometer are placed in

each vacuum flask, and held tightly and firmly by the plug of

cotton wool. After a few hours, note the temperature in each

flask.

Explanation: There will be an increase in temperature in the

flask containing the germinating seeds. This shows that heat

energy comes from the respiring germinating seeds. The flask

containing dry seeds does not show any marked temperature

change since dry seeds do not respire as vigorously as

germinating seeds.

Experiment 8:

Title: Translocation by using dyes.

Duration: 2hrs.

Objective: To investigate translocation by using dyes.

Materials: flowers (preferably with white petals), ink, a glass or

beaker, and water.

Method/procedures: simply place the flower in a glass with

water and colored ink (red, black or blue, etc.). After a while you

will see the petals have colored petal ribs or veins, of the same

color of the ink you added to the water.