1

CSEC Mathematics

Section 4 – Measurement

Pythagoras’ Theorem (Page 462, R. Toolsie’s

Textbook)

Pythagoras’ theorem states that in any right-angled

triangle, the square on the hypotenuse (the longest
side which is opposite to the right angle) is equal to
the sum of the squares on the two other sides.

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 AB = AC 2  BC 2 or

A
Hypotenuse (AC = b) or c=
c b b2  a 2 .
b2 = c2 + a2.
B C BC = AC 2  AB 2 or
a
b= a c
2 2

a= b2  c2 .

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. In a triangle ABC, angle C = 900, a = 5 cm and

b = 12 cm. Find c. Answer 13 cm

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2. In a triangle PQR, angle Q = 900, p = 8 cm and

r = 15 cm. Find q. Answer 17cm

3. In a triangle XYZ,  X = 900, y = 3 cm and

x = 5 cm. Find z. Answer 4 cm

4. In a triangle LMN,  M = 900, m = 25 cm and

n = 24 cm. Find l. Answer 7cm

5. Find the length of the unknown side.

a. b. 7 cm c. d.

4.1 m 3.5 m
9.8 mm
6m
12 cm

9m 5.2 mm
Answer:

a. 10.82m b. 9.75cm c. 8.31 mm d. 5.39 m

6. A ladder 6.5 m tall is placed against a wall.

Calculate the horizontal distance from the foot of
the ladder to the base of the wall, given that the
height from the ladder to the base of the wall is
3.2 m.
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Ans: 5.66 m
7. A light post is 10 feet tall. A man is standing
6 feet away from the light post. How far is the
foot of the man from the top of the light post?

Ans: h = 11.66 feet

Average Speed (Page 156, R. Toolsie’s Textbook)

The speed of a body is defined as its rate of change of

distance with time.
Dis tan ce travelled (d )
Average Speed (s) = Time taken(t ) .

Some units of average speed are:

kmh– 1 or km/h – kilometre per hour,

ms-1 or m/s – metres per second.

Distance travelled (d) = average speed (s)  time

taken (t)

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Dis tan ce travelled (d )

Time taken (t) = Average speed ( s )

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. A bullet takes 3 seconds to travel a distance of

1200 m. Calculate the average speed of the bullet.
Answer 400 m/s or 400 ms-1

2. A car is travelling at a constant speed 54 km/h.

MAY 2015 – Question 5a
1
a. Calculate the distance it travels in 2
4
hours.
Answer 121.5 km
b. Calculate the time, in seconds, it takes to travel
5
315 metres, given that 1 km/h = 18
m/s.

Answer 21 sec.

3. The table below shows two readings taken from

an aircraft’s flight record. For the period
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of time between the two readings, calculate the:

Time Distance Travelled (km)

08:55 am 957
09:07 am 1083

a. distance travelled in kilometres

Answer 126 km

b. average speed of the aircraft in km/h.

Answer 630 km/h

MAY 2009 – Question 4a

4. John left Port A at 0730 hours and travels to Port

B in the same time zone.

a. He arrives at Port B at 1420 hours. How long did

the journey take? Answer 6hrs 50 mins

b. John travelled 410 kilometres. Calculate his

average speed in kmh– 1.
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Answer 60 km/h

JANUARY 2008 – Question 4a

5. How long will it take to travel 96 km at an

average speed of 24 km/h? Answer 4 hrs

6. The following is an extract from a bus

schedule. The bus begins its journey at Belleview,
travels to Chagville and ends its journey at St.
Andrews. JANUARY 2012 Question 4a

Town Arrive Depart

Belleview _____ 6:40 a.m.
Chagville 7:35 a.m. 7:45 a.m.
St. 8:00 a.m. ______
Andrews

a. How long did the bus spend at Chagville?

b. How long did the bus take to travel from

Belleview to St. Andrews?
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c. How long did the bus take to travel from

Belleview to Chagville?

d. The bus travelled at an average speed of 54

km/hour from Belleview to Chagville.

Calculate, in kilometres, the distance from Belleview

to Chagville. Answer 49.5 km

Converting from one Square Unit to Another

(Page 107, R. Toolsie’s Textbook)

Some square units of length in ascending order

are: mm2, cm2, dm2, m2, dam2, hm2, km2

When converting from a larger square unit to a

smaller square unit, we multiply by the respective
power of ten ‘squared’. For example,
i. 2.5 cm2 = 2.5  102 mm2 = 250 mm2

ii. 0.78 m2 = 0.78  1002 cm2 = 7800 cm2

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When converting from a smaller square unit to a

larger square unit, we divide by the respective power
of ten ‘squared’. For example,
i. 305 hm2 = 305  102 km2 = 3.05 km2

ii. 600 mm2 = 600  10002 m2 = 0.0006 m2

Exercise

Write the correct value on the line to make the

statement true.

1. 704.35 cm2 = _______ m2 Ans: 0.070435 m2

2. 904.75 km2 = ______ dam2 Ans: 9,047,500 dam2

3. 5012 mm2 = ______ cm2 Ans:50.12 cm2

4. 0.0256 km2 = ______ m2 Ans:25600 m2

5. 8120.5 cm2 = _______ mm2 Ans: 812050 mm2

Scale Measurement (Page 161, R. Toolsie’s

Textbook)

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It is impossible to draw the actual size of the map of

a country, house or car on a sheet of paper. Hence,
we use a scale in order to draw a representation of
these shapes on paper. The scale is given as the ratio
of a length on a map to the actual distance on the
ground. A scale of 1 : 5,000,000 means 1 cm
measured on the map is equal to 5,000,000 cm or 50
km measured on the ground.

Note: The ratio of a length on the model or map to

the actual length is 1: n

The ratio of an area on the model or map to the

actual area is 1: n2

The ratio of a volume on the model or map to the

actual volume is 1: n3.

When changing from map distance to the actual

distance we multiply.

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When changing from the actual distance to the map

distance we divide.

To change from km to cm multiply by 100,000

To change from cm to km divide by 100,000

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. The scale on a road map is 1: 25,000.

a. What is the actual distance, in metres, between

two villages represented by 3.5 cm on the map?
Answer:Actual distance 875 m

b. What is the actual area, in metres, of a playing

field represented on the map by a rectangle 0.5 cm
long and 0.3 cm wide?

Answer:Actual area = 9,375 m2

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2. The scale on a map is 1:20,000. The actual

distance between two points is 3.8 km. Calculate the
number of centimetres that should be used to
represent this distance on the map.

Answer: Map distance = 19 cm

3. Write the following scales in the form 1: x.

a. 1 millimetre = 1 metre Answer 1:1000

b. 2 cm = 6 m Answer 1:300

c. The map shown below is drawn on a grid of 1 cm

squares. P, Q, R and S are four tracking stations. The
scale of the map is 1:2000.
MAY 2015 – Question 5b, c

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Scale 1:2000
Q
R

S P

i. Determine, in centimetres, the distance from Q to

R on the map.

ii. Determine, by counting, the area in square

centimetres of the plane PQRS on the map.

iii. Calculate the actual distance, in kilometres,

between Q and R. Answer 0.12 km

iv. Calculate the actual area, in square metres, of the

plane PQRS. Answer 7,200 m2

4. The diagram below shows a map of an island

drawn on a grid of 1 cm squares. The map is

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drawn to a scale of 1 : 50,000.

MAY 2014 – Question 4

Forest
Reserve

a. Copy and complete each of the following

sentences:

i. 1 cm on the map represents ___________ cm on

the island.

ii. An area of 1 cm2 on the map represents an area of

_________ cm2 on the island

iii. Given that 1 km = 100,000 cm, a distance of

1 cm on the map represents a distance of

_________ km on the island.

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b i. L and M are two tracking stations. State, in

centimetres, the distance LM on the map.

ii. Calculate the actual distance, in kilometres, from

L to M on the island. Answer 4 km

c i. The area shaded on the map is a forest reserve.

By counting squares estimate, in cm2, the area of the
forest reserve as shown on the map.

ii. Calculate, in km2, the actual area of the forest

reserve. Answer: 6.75 km2

5. The diagram below shows a map of a playing field

drawn on a grid of 1 cm squares. The scale of the
map is 1 : 1,250. JANUARY 2010 – Question
4b iii

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a. Measure and state, in centimetres, the distance

from S to F on the map. Answer SF = 7.81 cm

b. Calculate the distance, in metres, from S to F on

the actual playing field. Answer 97.625 m

c. Daniel ran the distance from S to F in 9.72

seconds. Calculate his average speed, giving

your answer correct to 3 significant figures, in:

i. m/s ii. km/h

Answer 10.0 m/s , 36.2 km/h

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6. The map shown below is drawn to a scale of 1:

50,000. MAY 2009 – Question 4b

●
L
●
M

a. Measure and state, in centimetres, the distance on

the map from L to M along a straight line.
Answer 7 cm

b. Calculate the actual distance, in kilometres, from

L to M. Answer 3.5 km

c. The actual distance between two points is 4.5 km.

Calculate the number of centimetres that

should be used to represent this distance on the map.

Answer 9 cm

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7. The diagram below shows a map of a golf course

drawn on a grid of 1 cm squares. The scale of the
map is 1: 4000.

MAY 2007 – Question 4a

North Gate
●

South Gate East Gate

● ●

Using the map of the golf course, find the:

a. distance, to the nearest m, from the South Gate to

East Gate. Answer Map Distance = 0.03 m
Actual distance = 120 m

b. distance, to the nearest m, from the North Gate to

the South Gate. Answer Map distance = 0.058 m
Actual distance = 232 m

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c. area on the ground represented by 1 cm2 on the

map. Answer 40002 cm2 = 16,000,000 cm2

d. actual area of the golf course, giving your answer

in square metres.

Answer 26 × 1600 m2 = 41,600 m2

8. The distance between two places on a map is

200,000 cm and the actual distance on the

ground is 8,000 km. Determine the scale of the map.

Answer 1 : 4000

9. Find the scale used on a map, given that the

distance between two schools on the map is

5000 m and the actual measurement on the ground is

4000 km. Answer 1 : 800

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Polygon

A polygon is a plane closed figure bounded by

straight lines. A regular polygon is a polygon which
has all its sides equal in length and its interior angles
are all equal in size. For example, a square or an
equilateral triangle.
600

NB All squares are rectangles but not all

rectangles are squares.

Types of Polygons (Page 479, R. Toolsie’s

Textbook)

Name of Number Sum of its Sum of

Polygon of Sides Interior the
Angles exterior
angles
Triangle 3 1  1800 = 3600
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1800
Quadrilateral 4 2  1800 = 3600
3600
Pentagon 5 3  1800 = 3600
5400
Hexagon 6 4  1800 = 3600
7200
Heptagon 7 5  1800 = 3600
9000
Octagon 8 6  1800 = 3600
10800
Nonagon 9 7  1800 = 3600
12600
Decagon 10 8  1800 = 3600
14400
Undecagon 11 9  1800 = 3600
16200
Dodecagon 12 10  1800 = 3600
18000
Icosagon 20 18  1800 = 3600
32400
n-agon n (n – 2)  1800 3600
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The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is:

S = (n – 2)  1800 or (2n – 4)  900 where n is the
number of sides of the polygon.

The sum of the exterior angle of any polygon is 3600.

The number of sides of a polygon is the same as the

number of angles.

The interior angle + the exterior angle of any polygon

= 1800.

The size of each interior angle of a regular polygon =

S  n  2   180
0

 .
n n

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. Find the sum of the interior angles of a regular

polygon with:
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a. 8 sides Answer 10800

b. 4 sides Answer 3600

c. 12 sides Answer 18000

d. 19 sides Answer 30600

e. 36 sides Answer 61200

2. Find the number of sides of a regular polygon

with an exterior angle measuring:

a. 300 Answer 12 sides

b. 900 Answer 4 sides

c. 1200 Answer 3 sides

d. 450 Answer 8 sides

3. Calculate the number of sides of a regular polygon

which has each interior angle measuring.

a) 1710 Ans: 40 sides

b) 1560 Ans: 15 sides

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c) 1500 Ans: 12 sides

d) 1650 Ans: 24 sides

e) 1720 Ans: 45 sides

f) 1440 Ans: 10 sides g) 1740 Ans: 60 sides

4. What is the size of each interior angle of a regular:

a) octagon Ans: 1350

b) quadrilateral Ans: 900

c) 18 sided polygon Ans: 1600

d) icosagon Ans: 1620

e) 16 sided polygon Ans: 157.50

f) 30 sided polygon Ans: 1680

g) nonagon Ans: 1400

Triangle (Page 442, R. Toolsie’s Textbook)

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A triangle is a three sided plane shape (or figure)

bounded by three straight lines.

Two triangles are said to be congruent if they are the

same. That is, they have all corresponding sides equal
in length and the corresponding angles are all equal
in size.

An isosceles triangle has two sides equal in length

and two angles equal in size.

b b

An equilateral triangle is a triangle with all sides

equal in length and all interior angles equal in size.
a

a a

The sum of the three interior angles of any given

triangle is 1800.

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If any side of a triangle is produced, (i.e. extended)

then the exterior angle formed is equal to the sum of
the two interior opposite angles.
Interior Opposite Int. Adj. Angle
Angle b
Ext. Angle

a e c

Ext. Angle = The sum of the two Int. Opp. Angles.

That is, c = a + b

Exercise

Find the size of the angle marked by a letter.

650 560
a. b.
b
y 700 w

Answer w = 1100 Answer b = 620

y = 450

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c. d.
p
430

680 h d
h

Answer h = 680 Answer h = 470

p = 440 d = 1330

Similar Triangles (Page 458, R. Toolsie’s

Textbook)

Angle A = Angle X = 240; Angle B = Angle Y =

630 and  C =  Z = 930

AB = 8 cm; YX = 12 cm; BC = 5 cm; YZ = 7.5

cm and AC = 6 cm; XZ = 9 cm

A X

8 cm 12 cm
6 cm 9 cm
B Y
C Z
5 cm 7.5 cm

Similar triangles are said to have the same shape (but

differ in size) and equal angles. The ratios of their

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corresponding sides are the same. The length of a

side of one triangle is k times the corresponding
length of the side of the other triangle, where k is a
YX XZ YZ
constant called the scale factor. That is,  
BA AC BC
k

>1

The area of one triangle is k2 times the area of the

other triangle. That is,

the area of triangle XYZ = k2  the area of triangle

Area of the l arg er triangle XYZ

ABC. Hence,  k2
Area of the smaller triangle ABC

Area of the smaller triangle

Note: If k < 1, then the  k2
Area of the l arg er triangle

Area of the l arg er triangle

If k > 1, then the Area of the smaller triangle
 k2

Exercise

Answer the following.

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1. ABC is similar to PQR such that  A=  P, 

B=  Q and  C =  R. Find the length of:
A
i. AC ii. BC P
10 cm
6 cm 9 cm

B C Q R
8 cm

Answer: i. AC = 15 cm ii. BC = 13.333 cm

2. The triangles DEG and LMN are similar.

Calculate the length of:
M

i. MN ii. DG E
8 cm
4 cm 6 cm

L N D G
12 cm

Answer: i. MN = 12 cm ii. DG = 6 cm

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3. Two similar triangles, OPQ and RST are such that

2
the ratio of their sides is . If the area of the smaller
5
triangle, OPQ is 16 square units, calculate the area of
the larger triangle RST. Answer = 100 square units

4. Two similar triangles, WXY and JKL are such

that the ratio of their sides is 3. If the area of the
smaller triangle, JKL is 45 square units, calculate the
area of the larger triangle WXY.
Answer = 405 sq. units

5. Two similar triangles, BCD and TUV are such

3
that the ratio of their sides is . If the area of the
4
larger triangle, TUV is 64 square units, calculate the
area of the smaller triangle BCD.
Answer 36 sq. units

Perimeter (Page 115, R. Toolsie’s Textbook)

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The perimeter of a plane closed shape is the total

length of the boundaries/sides of the shape.

The perimeter of a circle is the circumference (C) of

the circle. That is, C = 2  r, where  is the value

22 1
or 3 or 3.142 (3 dec. pl.) and r is the radius of the
7 7
circle. arc

radius
sector
diameter
segment

Circumference (C )
Radius of a circle (r) =
2

Note: The diameter of a circle = 2  radius.

diameter
The radius of a circle = 2

The arc of a circle is any part of the circumference of

the circle.

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The sector of a circle is the region bounded by two

radii and an arc.

The segment of a circle is the region bounded by a

chord and an arc.

The chord is a line touching two points on the

circumference of the circle.

AREA

Area is a measure of the surface covered or the

region covered. Area is measured in square units
e.g. cm2, mm2, m2, km2 or dm2.

The Area of a Triangle can be calculated as

follows:

1
The area of a triangle, A =  base(b)  height (h) ,
2

where b = the base of the triangle and h is the height

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(altitude) of the triangle. The base and the height of a

triangle are always at right angle (900) to each other.
2  Area
The base of a triangle, b
height

2  Area
Height (h) = base

The area of a triangle where the base or height cannot

be identified and three sides of the triangle is given:
Area  s( s  a )( s  b)(s  c ) where s is the

abc
semi  perimeter ( s ) of the triangle  .
2

The area of a triangle, given two sides and the angle

1
between them is: Area = 2
 a  b  SinC b
C c
a
Area of a Rectangle

The area (A) of a rectangle is the length times the

width. That is, Area = length  width. length

width

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Note: All squares are rectangles but not all rectangles

are squares.

Area of a Square

The area of a square = Length  Length or width 

width or length  width . That is, Area = L2 or W2.

Length of a square (L) = Area of the square

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. The diagram below shows an isosceles triangle

CDE. G is the mid-point of CD.
E

MAY 2013 Question 4a

C D
G

a. Measure and state, in centimetres, the length of

DE. Answer DE = 5 cm
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b. Measure and state, in degrees, the size of  ECD.

Answer  ECD = 360

c. Determine the perimeter of the triangle CDE,

given that GE = 3 cm. Answer 18 cm

d. Calculate the area of the triangle CDE.

Answer = 12 cm2

2. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, AEC

and ADB are straight lines.

 ABC =  ADE = 900. AC = 10 m, AB = 8 m

C
and DB = 3.2 m.
10 m
E

3.2 m
MAY 2013 Ques. 3b
B A
D
8m

a. Calculate the length of BC. Answer BC = 6 m

b. Explain why triangles ABC and ADE are similar.

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Answer The shape is the same and the

corresponding interior angles are the same.

c. Determine the length of DE.Answer DE = 3.6 m

d. Calculate the area of the trapezium BCED.

Ans: 15.36 m2

3. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a

wooden toy in the shape of a prism, with cross
section ABCDE. F is the midpoint of EC and  BAE

=  CBA = 90°. Calculate the:

MAY 2010 Question 3b D 5 cm

E
F C 5 cm

A 10 cm
D 6 cm B

a. length of EF. Answer EF = 3 cm

b. length of DF. Answer DF = 4 cm
c. area of the face ABCDE. Answer Area = 42 cm2

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4. In the triangle PQR, calculate the length of:

P

14.5 m

R Q
10.4 m T 4.3 m

i. RQ ii. PT iii. QP

Ans. i. RQ = 14.7 m ii. PT = 10.1 m

iii. QP = 10.98 m
5. C
A
26 cm

D O
18 cm B 24 cm

a. Calculate the length of AB. Answer AB = 10 cm

b. Determine the length of CD. Ans.CD = 17.5 cm

c. Find the length of CA. Answer CA = 19.5 cm

d. Compute the area of ABDC.

Answer Area = 247.5 cm2

Area of a Circle
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The area of a circle is Area =   radius (r)  radius (r)

=  r2
1
The area of a semi-circle =    radius (r)  radius (r)
2

1
=  r2
2

Area ( A)
Radius of a circle (r) = 

Area of a Sector

The area of a sector is =   radius (r)  radius (r)  360 =

 r2   , where  is the sector angle.

360

Length of an arc
 
The length of an arc, L = 2    r  360 =2  r  360

Area of a Trapezium
Area of trapezium =
1
 (a  b)  perpendicular height (h)
2

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Exercise

Answer the following.

Calculate the area of the trapezium below.

Answer Area = 80 cm2

Area of a Rhombus

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all its sides equal

in length.

NOTE: The base is always at right angle (900) to the

height.

Area of rhombus = base  height

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Note: Opposite sides of a rectangle, rhombus or

parallelogram are equal.

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. a) Use the rhombus below to state the length of the

side:

i. AB ii. BD Answer i. AB = 19 cm

ii. BD = 19cm iii EB = 11.7 cm

b. Calculate the area of the rhombus above.

Answer Area 285 cm2

Area of a Parallelogram
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Exercise

Answer the following.

a) Calculate the area of the parallelogram below.

Ans. Area = 143 sq. units

b) Find the length of QR. Ans. QR = 13.15 units

P Q

S
Y R

Exercise

Answer the following.

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1. Find the area of the shaded region.

9 cm

a. 3 cm 5 cm b. 8 mm

13 mm

2 5
Answer a. 36 cm b. 53 mm2
7

2. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a

circle with centre O and a square OPQR.

The radius of the circle is 3.5 cm. Calculate the area

of the:

a. circle Answer 38.5 cm2

O 3.5 cm P

b. square OPQR. Ans. 12.25 cm2

R Q

c. shaded region. Answer 2.625 cm2

JANUARY 2008 Question 4b

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3a. Find the area of a square with length 6 mm.

Answer Area = 36 mm2

b. What is the length of a square with area 81 m2?

Answer length = 9 m

4a. A piece of wire is bent to form a square of area

121 cm2. Calculate the:

i. length of each side of the square. Answer 11 cm

MAY 2011 Question 4b

ii. perimeter of the square. Answer 44 cm

b. The same piece of wire is bent to form a circle.

22
Use 
7
to calculate the:

i. radius of the circle. Answer radius = 7 cm

ii. area of the circle. Answer 154 cm2

5. For the sector below, calculate the:

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a) area of the sector AOB. Answer 21.21 cm2

b) length of the arc AB. Answer 9.43 cm
c) perimeter of the sector AOB. Answer 18.43 cm

6. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows the

sector of a circle with centre O.  MON = 450 and
ON = 15 cm. Use   3.14 . Calculate, giving your
answer correct to 2 decimal places the:M
JANUARY 2007 Question 7b 15 cm

450 N
a. length of the minor arc MN O

Answer MN = 11.78 cm

b. perimeter of the figure MON Ans. P = 41.78 cm

c. area of the figure MON Ans. Area = 88.31 cm2

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7. Calculate the perimeter and the area of the

following shapes. 14 cm
a. b.
3 cm
4 cm
15 m 9m 8 cm
5m

12 m 5 cm

Answer: Perimeter a. 54 m b. 50 cm

Area a. 90 m2 b. 82 cm2

8. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, represents

the plan of a floor. The broken line RS, divides the
floor into two rectangles, A and B.
10 m
MAY 2008 Question 5 A
5m
R S 2m
x
B 3m

8m
a. Calculate the length of RS.
Answer RS = 6 m

b. State the value of x. Answer x = 4 m

c. Calculate the perimeter of the entire floor.

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Answer P = 40 m

d. Calculate the area of the entire floor.

Answer RS = 74 m2

e. Section A of the floor is to be covered with

flooring boards measuring 2 m by 20 cm. How many
flooring boards are needed for covering Section A?

Answer 125 flooring boards

Solids (Page 136, R. Toolsie’s Textbook)

A prism is a three dimensional uniform solid with a

cross-section (or end faces).

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The cross-section is the face or shape which a solid

possesses throughout its entire length.
circular cross-section

length
height

rectangular cross-section Fig. 2 - Cylinder

Fig. 1 - Cuboid

Volume of a Solid

Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object

or solid. It is measured in cubic units such as cubic
centimetre (cm3), cubic metre (m3), cubic millimetre
(mm3) or cubic kilometre (km3). It can also measured
in litres.

Note: 1 litre = 1000 cm3

A Cuboid length length

Cube Cube
height height
Cube Cube
width width
A Cube Cube A Cuboid Cube

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The volume of a cuboid = length  width  height

=LWH
Volume Volume
Length = Width  Height Width = length  Height

Volume
Height = Length  Width

A cuboid has 6 rectangular faces. The total surface

area is the sum of the area of each of the six faces.

Note: All cubes are cuboids, but not all cuboids are
cubes.

A Cylinder

A closed cylinder has three faces. It has two flat

circular faces and one curved face. I has two edges.

circular cross-section

height

2
d 
The volume of a cylinder (V) =  r 2h or   h
2
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 48

Volume 22 1
Height (h) =  r2
where  = 7
or 3
7
or 3.142.

The total surface area of a cylinder = curved surface

area + the two flat surface area = 2  rh + 2  r 2 .

A Triangular Prism or Triangle Based Prism

(Wedge)

cross-sections

length

The Volume of a triangular prism =

area of the cross-section of the prism  length of the
prism

= area of the triangle face  length of the prism

The total surface area of a prism =

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 49

sum of the area of the two triangle faces + sum of

the area of the three rectangular faces.

Exercise

Answer the following.

1. A cylinder is 0.14 m high with a diameter of

40 cm. What is the volume of the cylinder in:

a) cm3 ? b) m3 ?

Ans. a) 17,600 cm3 b) 0.0176 m3

2. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows

two cylindrical water tanks, A and B. Tank B

has a diameter of 8 m and height 5 m. Both tanks are

filled with water. Take  = 3.14.

MAY 2015 – Question 6

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 50

a. Calculate the volume of water in tank B.

Answer Volume = 251.2 m3

b. If the area of the base of A is 314 m2, calculate the

length of the radius of tank A. Answer r = 10 m

c. Tank A holds 8 times as much water than tank B.

Calculate the height, h of tank A. Answer h = 6.4 m

3. For each triangular prism below, calculate the:

a. volume of the prism.

Answer Volume i. 144 cm3 ii. 66 cm3
b. total surface area of the prism.
Answer TSA = 240 cm2 ii. 144 cm2

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 51

i.

ii.

4. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows the

cross-section of a prism in the shape of a sector of a
circle, with centre O and radius 3.5 cm. The angle at
22
the centre is 2700. Use 
7 . B

O 3.5 cm
A
MAY 2012 Question 4 900

a. Calculate the:

i. length of the arc ABC. Answer l = 16.5 cm

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 52

ii. perimeter of the sector OABC. Ans. P = 23.5 cm

iii. area of the sector OABC.

Answer: Area = 28.875 cm2

b. The prism is 20 cm long and is a solid made of tin.

Calculate the:

i. volume of the prism. Answer: Vol. = 577.5 cm3

ii. mass of the prism, to the nearest kg, given that

1 cm3 of tin has a mass of 7.3 kg.

Answer: Mass = 4,215.75 kg

5. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a

prism of length 30 cm. The cross-section WXYZ is a
square with area 144 cm2. Calculate the:

JANUARY 2007 Question 7a

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 53

a. volume, in cm3, of the prism 30 cm Y

Z

Answer: Volume = 4,320 cm3 X

W

b. total surface area, in cm2, of the prism.

Answer: TSA = 1,728 cm2

6. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a

prism of volume 960 cm3. The cross-section ABCD
is a square. The length of the prism is 15 cm.
Calculate the: MAY 2007 Question 4b

a. length of the edge AB, in cm. Ans. AB = 8 cm

b. total surface area of the prism, in cm2.

C
2 15 cm
Ans. TSA = 608 cm D

B
A
7. A company makes cereal boxes in the shape of a
right prism. Each large box has dimensions 25 cm by
8 cm by 36 cm. JANUARY 2009 Question 5
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 54

36 cm

8 cm
25 cm
a. Calculate the volume in cubic centimetres of one
large cereal box. Answer: Vol. = 7,200 cm3

b. Calculate the total surface area of one large cereal

box. Answer TSA = 2,776 cm2

c. The cereal from one large box can exactly fill six
small boxes, each of equal volume.

i. Calculate the volume of one small cereal box.

Answer: Vol. = 1200 cm3

ii. If the height of a small box is 20 cm, list two

different pairs of values which the company can
use for the length and the width of a small box.
Answer l × w = 60 cm2

Factors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30,

60.
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 55

1 cm × 60 cm or 2 cm × 30 cm or 3 cm × 20 cm
4 cm × 15 cm or 5 cm × 12 cm or 6 cm × 10 cm

8. Fresh Farms Dairy sells milk in a carton in the

shape of a cuboid with internal dimensions 6cm by 4
cm by 10 cm. JANUARY 2011 Question 3b

10 cm

4 cm
6 cm
a. Calculate, in cm3, the volume of milk in each
carton. Answer: Volume = 240 cm3

b. A recipe for making ice-cream requires 3 litres of

milk. How many cartons of milk should be bought to
make the ice-cream? Answer: 13 cartons

c. One carton of milk is poured into a cylindrical cup

of internal diameter 5 cm. What is the height of the

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milk in the cup? Give your answer to 3 significant

figures. Use   3.14 . Answer: Height = 12.2 cm

9. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a

cuboid with length 13 cm, width 4 cm and height h
cm. JANUARY 2012 Question 4c

h cm

4 cm
13 cm

a. State, in terms of h, the area of the shaded face of

the cuboid. Ans. Area of shaded region = 4h cm2

b. Write an expression, in terms of h, for the volume

of the cuboid. Answer: Volume = 52h cm3

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 57

c. If the volume of the cuboid is 286 cm 3, calculate

the height, h, of the cuboid. Ans.: Height = 5.5 cm

10. Water is poured into a cylindrical bucket with a

base area of 300 cm2. If 4.8 litres of water was
poured into the bucket, what is the height of the
water in the bucket?

JANUARY 2012 Question 4b

Answer: Height = 16 cm

November 20, 2015